xref: /openbmc/qemu/hw/pci/pci.c (revision 9884abee)
1 /*
2  * QEMU PCI bus manager
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
25 #include "hw/hw.h"
26 #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
27 #include "hw/pci/pci_bridge.h"
28 #include "hw/pci/pci_bus.h"
29 #include "hw/pci/pci_host.h"
30 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
31 #include "net/net.h"
32 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
33 #include "hw/loader.h"
34 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
35 #include "qemu/range.h"
36 #include "qmp-commands.h"
37 #include "trace.h"
38 #include "hw/pci/msi.h"
39 #include "hw/pci/msix.h"
40 #include "exec/address-spaces.h"
41 #include "hw/hotplug.h"
42 #include "hw/boards.h"
43 
44 //#define DEBUG_PCI
45 #ifdef DEBUG_PCI
46 # define PCI_DPRINTF(format, ...)       printf(format, ## __VA_ARGS__)
47 #else
48 # define PCI_DPRINTF(format, ...)       do { } while (0)
49 #endif
50 
51 static void pcibus_dev_print(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, int indent);
52 static char *pcibus_get_dev_path(DeviceState *dev);
53 static char *pcibus_get_fw_dev_path(DeviceState *dev);
54 static void pcibus_reset(BusState *qbus);
55 
56 static Property pci_props[] = {
57     DEFINE_PROP_PCI_DEVFN("addr", PCIDevice, devfn, -1),
58     DEFINE_PROP_STRING("romfile", PCIDevice, romfile),
59     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("rombar",  PCIDevice, rom_bar, 1),
60     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("multifunction", PCIDevice, cap_present,
61                     QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION_BITNR, false),
62     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("command_serr_enable", PCIDevice, cap_present,
63                     QEMU_PCI_CAP_SERR_BITNR, true),
64     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST()
65 };
66 
67 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_pcibus = {
68     .name = "PCIBUS",
69     .version_id = 1,
70     .minimum_version_id = 1,
71     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
72         VMSTATE_INT32_EQUAL(nirq, PCIBus),
73         VMSTATE_VARRAY_INT32(irq_count, PCIBus,
74                              nirq, 0, vmstate_info_int32,
75                              int32_t),
76         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
77     }
78 };
79 
80 static void pci_bus_realize(BusState *qbus, Error **errp)
81 {
82     PCIBus *bus = PCI_BUS(qbus);
83 
84     vmstate_register(NULL, -1, &vmstate_pcibus, bus);
85 }
86 
87 static void pci_bus_unrealize(BusState *qbus, Error **errp)
88 {
89     PCIBus *bus = PCI_BUS(qbus);
90 
91     vmstate_unregister(NULL, &vmstate_pcibus, bus);
92 }
93 
94 static bool pcibus_is_root(PCIBus *bus)
95 {
96     return !bus->parent_dev;
97 }
98 
99 static int pcibus_num(PCIBus *bus)
100 {
101     if (pcibus_is_root(bus)) {
102         return 0; /* pci host bridge */
103     }
104     return bus->parent_dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS];
105 }
106 
107 static uint16_t pcibus_numa_node(PCIBus *bus)
108 {
109     return NUMA_NODE_UNASSIGNED;
110 }
111 
112 static void pci_bus_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
113 {
114     BusClass *k = BUS_CLASS(klass);
115     PCIBusClass *pbc = PCI_BUS_CLASS(klass);
116 
117     k->print_dev = pcibus_dev_print;
118     k->get_dev_path = pcibus_get_dev_path;
119     k->get_fw_dev_path = pcibus_get_fw_dev_path;
120     k->realize = pci_bus_realize;
121     k->unrealize = pci_bus_unrealize;
122     k->reset = pcibus_reset;
123 
124     pbc->is_root = pcibus_is_root;
125     pbc->bus_num = pcibus_num;
126     pbc->numa_node = pcibus_numa_node;
127 }
128 
129 static const TypeInfo pci_bus_info = {
130     .name = TYPE_PCI_BUS,
131     .parent = TYPE_BUS,
132     .instance_size = sizeof(PCIBus),
133     .class_size = sizeof(PCIBusClass),
134     .class_init = pci_bus_class_init,
135 };
136 
137 static const TypeInfo pcie_bus_info = {
138     .name = TYPE_PCIE_BUS,
139     .parent = TYPE_PCI_BUS,
140 };
141 
142 static PCIBus *pci_find_bus_nr(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num);
143 static void pci_update_mappings(PCIDevice *d);
144 static void pci_irq_handler(void *opaque, int irq_num, int level);
145 static void pci_add_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev, bool is_default_rom, Error **);
146 static void pci_del_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev);
147 
148 static uint16_t pci_default_sub_vendor_id = PCI_SUBVENDOR_ID_REDHAT_QUMRANET;
149 static uint16_t pci_default_sub_device_id = PCI_SUBDEVICE_ID_QEMU;
150 
151 static QLIST_HEAD(, PCIHostState) pci_host_bridges;
152 
153 int pci_bar(PCIDevice *d, int reg)
154 {
155     uint8_t type;
156 
157     if (reg != PCI_ROM_SLOT)
158         return PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0 + reg * 4;
159 
160     type = d->config[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] & ~PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
161     return type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE ? PCI_ROM_ADDRESS1 : PCI_ROM_ADDRESS;
162 }
163 
164 static inline int pci_irq_state(PCIDevice *d, int irq_num)
165 {
166 	return (d->irq_state >> irq_num) & 0x1;
167 }
168 
169 static inline void pci_set_irq_state(PCIDevice *d, int irq_num, int level)
170 {
171 	d->irq_state &= ~(0x1 << irq_num);
172 	d->irq_state |= level << irq_num;
173 }
174 
175 static void pci_change_irq_level(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int irq_num, int change)
176 {
177     PCIBus *bus;
178     for (;;) {
179         bus = pci_dev->bus;
180         irq_num = bus->map_irq(pci_dev, irq_num);
181         if (bus->set_irq)
182             break;
183         pci_dev = bus->parent_dev;
184     }
185     bus->irq_count[irq_num] += change;
186     bus->set_irq(bus->irq_opaque, irq_num, bus->irq_count[irq_num] != 0);
187 }
188 
189 int pci_bus_get_irq_level(PCIBus *bus, int irq_num)
190 {
191     assert(irq_num >= 0);
192     assert(irq_num < bus->nirq);
193     return !!bus->irq_count[irq_num];
194 }
195 
196 /* Update interrupt status bit in config space on interrupt
197  * state change. */
198 static void pci_update_irq_status(PCIDevice *dev)
199 {
200     if (dev->irq_state) {
201         dev->config[PCI_STATUS] |= PCI_STATUS_INTERRUPT;
202     } else {
203         dev->config[PCI_STATUS] &= ~PCI_STATUS_INTERRUPT;
204     }
205 }
206 
207 void pci_device_deassert_intx(PCIDevice *dev)
208 {
209     int i;
210     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
211         pci_irq_handler(dev, i, 0);
212     }
213 }
214 
215 static void pci_do_device_reset(PCIDevice *dev)
216 {
217     int r;
218 
219     pci_device_deassert_intx(dev);
220     assert(dev->irq_state == 0);
221 
222     /* Clear all writable bits */
223     pci_word_test_and_clear_mask(dev->config + PCI_COMMAND,
224                                  pci_get_word(dev->wmask + PCI_COMMAND) |
225                                  pci_get_word(dev->w1cmask + PCI_COMMAND));
226     pci_word_test_and_clear_mask(dev->config + PCI_STATUS,
227                                  pci_get_word(dev->wmask + PCI_STATUS) |
228                                  pci_get_word(dev->w1cmask + PCI_STATUS));
229     dev->config[PCI_CACHE_LINE_SIZE] = 0x0;
230     dev->config[PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE] = 0x0;
231     for (r = 0; r < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; ++r) {
232         PCIIORegion *region = &dev->io_regions[r];
233         if (!region->size) {
234             continue;
235         }
236 
237         if (!(region->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) &&
238             region->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) {
239             pci_set_quad(dev->config + pci_bar(dev, r), region->type);
240         } else {
241             pci_set_long(dev->config + pci_bar(dev, r), region->type);
242         }
243     }
244     pci_update_mappings(dev);
245 
246     msi_reset(dev);
247     msix_reset(dev);
248 }
249 
250 /*
251  * This function is called on #RST and FLR.
252  * FLR if PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_BCR_FLR is set
253  */
254 void pci_device_reset(PCIDevice *dev)
255 {
256     qdev_reset_all(&dev->qdev);
257     pci_do_device_reset(dev);
258 }
259 
260 /*
261  * Trigger pci bus reset under a given bus.
262  * Called via qbus_reset_all on RST# assert, after the devices
263  * have been reset qdev_reset_all-ed already.
264  */
265 static void pcibus_reset(BusState *qbus)
266 {
267     PCIBus *bus = DO_UPCAST(PCIBus, qbus, qbus);
268     int i;
269 
270     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); ++i) {
271         if (bus->devices[i]) {
272             pci_do_device_reset(bus->devices[i]);
273         }
274     }
275 
276     for (i = 0; i < bus->nirq; i++) {
277         assert(bus->irq_count[i] == 0);
278     }
279 }
280 
281 static void pci_host_bus_register(PCIBus *bus, DeviceState *parent)
282 {
283     PCIHostState *host_bridge = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE(parent);
284 
285     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pci_host_bridges, host_bridge, next);
286 }
287 
288 PCIBus *pci_find_primary_bus(void)
289 {
290     PCIBus *primary_bus = NULL;
291     PCIHostState *host;
292 
293     QLIST_FOREACH(host, &pci_host_bridges, next) {
294         if (primary_bus) {
295             /* We have multiple root buses, refuse to select a primary */
296             return NULL;
297         }
298         primary_bus = host->bus;
299     }
300 
301     return primary_bus;
302 }
303 
304 PCIBus *pci_device_root_bus(const PCIDevice *d)
305 {
306     PCIBus *bus = d->bus;
307 
308     while (!pci_bus_is_root(bus)) {
309         d = bus->parent_dev;
310         assert(d != NULL);
311 
312         bus = d->bus;
313     }
314 
315     return bus;
316 }
317 
318 const char *pci_root_bus_path(PCIDevice *dev)
319 {
320     PCIBus *rootbus = pci_device_root_bus(dev);
321     PCIHostState *host_bridge = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE(rootbus->qbus.parent);
322     PCIHostBridgeClass *hc = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE_GET_CLASS(host_bridge);
323 
324     assert(host_bridge->bus == rootbus);
325 
326     if (hc->root_bus_path) {
327         return (*hc->root_bus_path)(host_bridge, rootbus);
328     }
329 
330     return rootbus->qbus.name;
331 }
332 
333 static void pci_bus_init(PCIBus *bus, DeviceState *parent,
334                          const char *name,
335                          MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
336                          MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
337                          uint8_t devfn_min)
338 {
339     assert(PCI_FUNC(devfn_min) == 0);
340     bus->devfn_min = devfn_min;
341     bus->address_space_mem = address_space_mem;
342     bus->address_space_io = address_space_io;
343 
344     /* host bridge */
345     QLIST_INIT(&bus->child);
346 
347     pci_host_bus_register(bus, parent);
348 }
349 
350 bool pci_bus_is_express(PCIBus *bus)
351 {
352     return object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(bus), TYPE_PCIE_BUS);
353 }
354 
355 bool pci_bus_is_root(PCIBus *bus)
356 {
357     return PCI_BUS_GET_CLASS(bus)->is_root(bus);
358 }
359 
360 void pci_bus_new_inplace(PCIBus *bus, size_t bus_size, DeviceState *parent,
361                          const char *name,
362                          MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
363                          MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
364                          uint8_t devfn_min, const char *typename)
365 {
366     qbus_create_inplace(bus, bus_size, typename, parent, name);
367     pci_bus_init(bus, parent, name, address_space_mem,
368                  address_space_io, devfn_min);
369 }
370 
371 PCIBus *pci_bus_new(DeviceState *parent, const char *name,
372                     MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
373                     MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
374                     uint8_t devfn_min, const char *typename)
375 {
376     PCIBus *bus;
377 
378     bus = PCI_BUS(qbus_create(typename, parent, name));
379     pci_bus_init(bus, parent, name, address_space_mem,
380                  address_space_io, devfn_min);
381     return bus;
382 }
383 
384 void pci_bus_irqs(PCIBus *bus, pci_set_irq_fn set_irq, pci_map_irq_fn map_irq,
385                   void *irq_opaque, int nirq)
386 {
387     bus->set_irq = set_irq;
388     bus->map_irq = map_irq;
389     bus->irq_opaque = irq_opaque;
390     bus->nirq = nirq;
391     bus->irq_count = g_malloc0(nirq * sizeof(bus->irq_count[0]));
392 }
393 
394 PCIBus *pci_register_bus(DeviceState *parent, const char *name,
395                          pci_set_irq_fn set_irq, pci_map_irq_fn map_irq,
396                          void *irq_opaque,
397                          MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
398                          MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
399                          uint8_t devfn_min, int nirq, const char *typename)
400 {
401     PCIBus *bus;
402 
403     bus = pci_bus_new(parent, name, address_space_mem,
404                       address_space_io, devfn_min, typename);
405     pci_bus_irqs(bus, set_irq, map_irq, irq_opaque, nirq);
406     return bus;
407 }
408 
409 int pci_bus_num(PCIBus *s)
410 {
411     return PCI_BUS_GET_CLASS(s)->bus_num(s);
412 }
413 
414 int pci_bus_numa_node(PCIBus *bus)
415 {
416     return PCI_BUS_GET_CLASS(bus)->numa_node(bus);
417 }
418 
419 static int get_pci_config_device(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size)
420 {
421     PCIDevice *s = container_of(pv, PCIDevice, config);
422     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(s);
423     uint8_t *config;
424     int i;
425 
426     assert(size == pci_config_size(s));
427     config = g_malloc(size);
428 
429     qemu_get_buffer(f, config, size);
430     for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
431         if ((config[i] ^ s->config[i]) &
432             s->cmask[i] & ~s->wmask[i] & ~s->w1cmask[i]) {
433             error_report("%s: Bad config data: i=0x%x read: %x device: %x "
434                          "cmask: %x wmask: %x w1cmask:%x", __func__,
435                          i, config[i], s->config[i],
436                          s->cmask[i], s->wmask[i], s->w1cmask[i]);
437             g_free(config);
438             return -EINVAL;
439         }
440     }
441     memcpy(s->config, config, size);
442 
443     pci_update_mappings(s);
444     if (pc->is_bridge) {
445         PCIBridge *b = PCI_BRIDGE(s);
446         pci_bridge_update_mappings(b);
447     }
448 
449     memory_region_set_enabled(&s->bus_master_enable_region,
450                               pci_get_word(s->config + PCI_COMMAND)
451                               & PCI_COMMAND_MASTER);
452 
453     g_free(config);
454     return 0;
455 }
456 
457 /* just put buffer */
458 static void put_pci_config_device(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size)
459 {
460     const uint8_t **v = pv;
461     assert(size == pci_config_size(container_of(pv, PCIDevice, config)));
462     qemu_put_buffer(f, *v, size);
463 }
464 
465 static VMStateInfo vmstate_info_pci_config = {
466     .name = "pci config",
467     .get  = get_pci_config_device,
468     .put  = put_pci_config_device,
469 };
470 
471 static int get_pci_irq_state(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size)
472 {
473     PCIDevice *s = container_of(pv, PCIDevice, irq_state);
474     uint32_t irq_state[PCI_NUM_PINS];
475     int i;
476     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
477         irq_state[i] = qemu_get_be32(f);
478         if (irq_state[i] != 0x1 && irq_state[i] != 0) {
479             fprintf(stderr, "irq state %d: must be 0 or 1.\n",
480                     irq_state[i]);
481             return -EINVAL;
482         }
483     }
484 
485     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
486         pci_set_irq_state(s, i, irq_state[i]);
487     }
488 
489     return 0;
490 }
491 
492 static void put_pci_irq_state(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size)
493 {
494     int i;
495     PCIDevice *s = container_of(pv, PCIDevice, irq_state);
496 
497     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
498         qemu_put_be32(f, pci_irq_state(s, i));
499     }
500 }
501 
502 static VMStateInfo vmstate_info_pci_irq_state = {
503     .name = "pci irq state",
504     .get  = get_pci_irq_state,
505     .put  = put_pci_irq_state,
506 };
507 
508 const VMStateDescription vmstate_pci_device = {
509     .name = "PCIDevice",
510     .version_id = 2,
511     .minimum_version_id = 1,
512     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
513         VMSTATE_INT32_POSITIVE_LE(version_id, PCIDevice),
514         VMSTATE_BUFFER_UNSAFE_INFO(config, PCIDevice, 0,
515                                    vmstate_info_pci_config,
516                                    PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE),
517         VMSTATE_BUFFER_UNSAFE_INFO(irq_state, PCIDevice, 2,
518 				   vmstate_info_pci_irq_state,
519 				   PCI_NUM_PINS * sizeof(int32_t)),
520         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
521     }
522 };
523 
524 const VMStateDescription vmstate_pcie_device = {
525     .name = "PCIEDevice",
526     .version_id = 2,
527     .minimum_version_id = 1,
528     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
529         VMSTATE_INT32_POSITIVE_LE(version_id, PCIDevice),
530         VMSTATE_BUFFER_UNSAFE_INFO(config, PCIDevice, 0,
531                                    vmstate_info_pci_config,
532                                    PCIE_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE),
533         VMSTATE_BUFFER_UNSAFE_INFO(irq_state, PCIDevice, 2,
534 				   vmstate_info_pci_irq_state,
535 				   PCI_NUM_PINS * sizeof(int32_t)),
536         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
537     }
538 };
539 
540 static inline const VMStateDescription *pci_get_vmstate(PCIDevice *s)
541 {
542     return pci_is_express(s) ? &vmstate_pcie_device : &vmstate_pci_device;
543 }
544 
545 void pci_device_save(PCIDevice *s, QEMUFile *f)
546 {
547     /* Clear interrupt status bit: it is implicit
548      * in irq_state which we are saving.
549      * This makes us compatible with old devices
550      * which never set or clear this bit. */
551     s->config[PCI_STATUS] &= ~PCI_STATUS_INTERRUPT;
552     vmstate_save_state(f, pci_get_vmstate(s), s, NULL);
553     /* Restore the interrupt status bit. */
554     pci_update_irq_status(s);
555 }
556 
557 int pci_device_load(PCIDevice *s, QEMUFile *f)
558 {
559     int ret;
560     ret = vmstate_load_state(f, pci_get_vmstate(s), s, s->version_id);
561     /* Restore the interrupt status bit. */
562     pci_update_irq_status(s);
563     return ret;
564 }
565 
566 static void pci_set_default_subsystem_id(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
567 {
568     pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID,
569                  pci_default_sub_vendor_id);
570     pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID,
571                  pci_default_sub_device_id);
572 }
573 
574 /*
575  * Parse [[<domain>:]<bus>:]<slot>, return -1 on error if funcp == NULL
576  *       [[<domain>:]<bus>:]<slot>.<func>, return -1 on error
577  */
578 static int pci_parse_devaddr(const char *addr, int *domp, int *busp,
579                              unsigned int *slotp, unsigned int *funcp)
580 {
581     const char *p;
582     char *e;
583     unsigned long val;
584     unsigned long dom = 0, bus = 0;
585     unsigned int slot = 0;
586     unsigned int func = 0;
587 
588     p = addr;
589     val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
590     if (e == p)
591 	return -1;
592     if (*e == ':') {
593 	bus = val;
594 	p = e + 1;
595 	val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
596 	if (e == p)
597 	    return -1;
598 	if (*e == ':') {
599 	    dom = bus;
600 	    bus = val;
601 	    p = e + 1;
602 	    val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
603 	    if (e == p)
604 		return -1;
605 	}
606     }
607 
608     slot = val;
609 
610     if (funcp != NULL) {
611         if (*e != '.')
612             return -1;
613 
614         p = e + 1;
615         val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
616         if (e == p)
617             return -1;
618 
619         func = val;
620     }
621 
622     /* if funcp == NULL func is 0 */
623     if (dom > 0xffff || bus > 0xff || slot > 0x1f || func > 7)
624 	return -1;
625 
626     if (*e)
627 	return -1;
628 
629     *domp = dom;
630     *busp = bus;
631     *slotp = slot;
632     if (funcp != NULL)
633         *funcp = func;
634     return 0;
635 }
636 
637 static PCIBus *pci_get_bus_devfn(int *devfnp, PCIBus *root,
638                                  const char *devaddr)
639 {
640     int dom, bus;
641     unsigned slot;
642 
643     if (!root) {
644         fprintf(stderr, "No primary PCI bus\n");
645         return NULL;
646     }
647 
648     assert(!root->parent_dev);
649 
650     if (!devaddr) {
651         *devfnp = -1;
652         return pci_find_bus_nr(root, 0);
653     }
654 
655     if (pci_parse_devaddr(devaddr, &dom, &bus, &slot, NULL) < 0) {
656         return NULL;
657     }
658 
659     if (dom != 0) {
660         fprintf(stderr, "No support for non-zero PCI domains\n");
661         return NULL;
662     }
663 
664     *devfnp = PCI_DEVFN(slot, 0);
665     return pci_find_bus_nr(root, bus);
666 }
667 
668 static void pci_init_cmask(PCIDevice *dev)
669 {
670     pci_set_word(dev->cmask + PCI_VENDOR_ID, 0xffff);
671     pci_set_word(dev->cmask + PCI_DEVICE_ID, 0xffff);
672     dev->cmask[PCI_STATUS] = PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST;
673     dev->cmask[PCI_REVISION_ID] = 0xff;
674     dev->cmask[PCI_CLASS_PROG] = 0xff;
675     pci_set_word(dev->cmask + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE, 0xffff);
676     dev->cmask[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] = 0xff;
677     dev->cmask[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST] = 0xff;
678 }
679 
680 static void pci_init_wmask(PCIDevice *dev)
681 {
682     int config_size = pci_config_size(dev);
683 
684     dev->wmask[PCI_CACHE_LINE_SIZE] = 0xff;
685     dev->wmask[PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE] = 0xff;
686     pci_set_word(dev->wmask + PCI_COMMAND,
687                  PCI_COMMAND_IO | PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY | PCI_COMMAND_MASTER |
688                  PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE);
689     if (dev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_SERR) {
690         pci_word_test_and_set_mask(dev->wmask + PCI_COMMAND, PCI_COMMAND_SERR);
691     }
692 
693     memset(dev->wmask + PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE, 0xff,
694            config_size - PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE);
695 }
696 
697 static void pci_init_w1cmask(PCIDevice *dev)
698 {
699     /*
700      * Note: It's okay to set w1cmask even for readonly bits as
701      * long as their value is hardwired to 0.
702      */
703     pci_set_word(dev->w1cmask + PCI_STATUS,
704                  PCI_STATUS_PARITY | PCI_STATUS_SIG_TARGET_ABORT |
705                  PCI_STATUS_REC_TARGET_ABORT | PCI_STATUS_REC_MASTER_ABORT |
706                  PCI_STATUS_SIG_SYSTEM_ERROR | PCI_STATUS_DETECTED_PARITY);
707 }
708 
709 static void pci_init_mask_bridge(PCIDevice *d)
710 {
711     /* PCI_PRIMARY_BUS, PCI_SECONDARY_BUS, PCI_SUBORDINATE_BUS and
712        PCI_SEC_LETENCY_TIMER */
713     memset(d->wmask + PCI_PRIMARY_BUS, 0xff, 4);
714 
715     /* base and limit */
716     d->wmask[PCI_IO_BASE] = PCI_IO_RANGE_MASK & 0xff;
717     d->wmask[PCI_IO_LIMIT] = PCI_IO_RANGE_MASK & 0xff;
718     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_MEMORY_BASE,
719                  PCI_MEMORY_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
720     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_MEMORY_LIMIT,
721                  PCI_MEMORY_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
722     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_BASE,
723                  PCI_PREF_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
724     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_LIMIT,
725                  PCI_PREF_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
726 
727     /* PCI_PREF_BASE_UPPER32 and PCI_PREF_LIMIT_UPPER32 */
728     memset(d->wmask + PCI_PREF_BASE_UPPER32, 0xff, 8);
729 
730     /* Supported memory and i/o types */
731     d->config[PCI_IO_BASE] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_16;
732     d->config[PCI_IO_LIMIT] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_16;
733     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->config + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_BASE,
734                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_64);
735     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->config + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_LIMIT,
736                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_64);
737 
738     /*
739      * TODO: Bridges default to 10-bit VGA decoding but we currently only
740      * implement 16-bit decoding (no alias support).
741      */
742     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL,
743                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_PARITY |
744                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_SERR |
745                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_ISA |
746                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_VGA |
747                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_VGA_16BIT |
748                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_MASTER_ABORT |
749                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_BUS_RESET |
750                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_FAST_BACK |
751                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_DISCARD |
752                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_SEC_DISCARD |
753                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_DISCARD_SERR);
754     /* Below does not do anything as we never set this bit, put here for
755      * completeness. */
756     pci_set_word(d->w1cmask + PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL,
757                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_DISCARD_STATUS);
758     d->cmask[PCI_IO_BASE] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_MASK;
759     d->cmask[PCI_IO_LIMIT] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_MASK;
760     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->cmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_BASE,
761                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_MASK);
762     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->cmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_LIMIT,
763                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_MASK);
764 }
765 
766 static void pci_init_multifunction(PCIBus *bus, PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
767 {
768     uint8_t slot = PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn);
769     uint8_t func;
770 
771     if (dev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION) {
772         dev->config[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] |= PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
773     }
774 
775     /*
776      * multifunction bit is interpreted in two ways as follows.
777      *   - all functions must set the bit to 1.
778      *     Example: Intel X53
779      *   - function 0 must set the bit, but the rest function (> 0)
780      *     is allowed to leave the bit to 0.
781      *     Example: PIIX3(also in qemu), PIIX4(also in qemu), ICH10,
782      *
783      * So OS (at least Linux) checks the bit of only function 0,
784      * and doesn't see the bit of function > 0.
785      *
786      * The below check allows both interpretation.
787      */
788     if (PCI_FUNC(dev->devfn)) {
789         PCIDevice *f0 = bus->devices[PCI_DEVFN(slot, 0)];
790         if (f0 && !(f0->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION)) {
791             /* function 0 should set multifunction bit */
792             error_setg(errp, "PCI: single function device can't be populated "
793                        "in function %x.%x", slot, PCI_FUNC(dev->devfn));
794             return;
795         }
796         return;
797     }
798 
799     if (dev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION) {
800         return;
801     }
802     /* function 0 indicates single function, so function > 0 must be NULL */
803     for (func = 1; func < PCI_FUNC_MAX; ++func) {
804         if (bus->devices[PCI_DEVFN(slot, func)]) {
805             error_setg(errp, "PCI: %x.0 indicates single function, "
806                        "but %x.%x is already populated.",
807                        slot, slot, func);
808             return;
809         }
810     }
811 }
812 
813 static void pci_config_alloc(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
814 {
815     int config_size = pci_config_size(pci_dev);
816 
817     pci_dev->config = g_malloc0(config_size);
818     pci_dev->cmask = g_malloc0(config_size);
819     pci_dev->wmask = g_malloc0(config_size);
820     pci_dev->w1cmask = g_malloc0(config_size);
821     pci_dev->used = g_malloc0(config_size);
822 }
823 
824 static void pci_config_free(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
825 {
826     g_free(pci_dev->config);
827     g_free(pci_dev->cmask);
828     g_free(pci_dev->wmask);
829     g_free(pci_dev->w1cmask);
830     g_free(pci_dev->used);
831 }
832 
833 static void do_pci_unregister_device(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
834 {
835     pci_dev->bus->devices[pci_dev->devfn] = NULL;
836     pci_config_free(pci_dev);
837 
838     address_space_destroy(&pci_dev->bus_master_as);
839 }
840 
841 /* -1 for devfn means auto assign */
842 static PCIDevice *do_pci_register_device(PCIDevice *pci_dev, PCIBus *bus,
843                                          const char *name, int devfn,
844                                          Error **errp)
845 {
846     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(pci_dev);
847     PCIConfigReadFunc *config_read = pc->config_read;
848     PCIConfigWriteFunc *config_write = pc->config_write;
849     Error *local_err = NULL;
850     AddressSpace *dma_as;
851     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(pci_dev);
852 
853     pci_dev->bus = bus;
854 
855     if (devfn < 0) {
856         for(devfn = bus->devfn_min ; devfn < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices);
857             devfn += PCI_FUNC_MAX) {
858             if (!bus->devices[devfn])
859                 goto found;
860         }
861         error_setg(errp, "PCI: no slot/function available for %s, all in use",
862                    name);
863         return NULL;
864     found: ;
865     } else if (bus->devices[devfn]) {
866         error_setg(errp, "PCI: slot %d function %d not available for %s,"
867                    " in use by %s",
868                    PCI_SLOT(devfn), PCI_FUNC(devfn), name,
869                    bus->devices[devfn]->name);
870         return NULL;
871     } else if (dev->hotplugged &&
872                pci_get_function_0(pci_dev)) {
873         error_setg(errp, "PCI: slot %d function 0 already ocuppied by %s,"
874                    " new func %s cannot be exposed to guest.",
875                    PCI_SLOT(devfn),
876                    bus->devices[PCI_DEVFN(PCI_SLOT(devfn), 0)]->name,
877                    name);
878 
879        return NULL;
880     }
881 
882     pci_dev->devfn = devfn;
883     dma_as = pci_device_iommu_address_space(pci_dev);
884 
885     memory_region_init_alias(&pci_dev->bus_master_enable_region,
886                              OBJECT(pci_dev), "bus master",
887                              dma_as->root, 0, memory_region_size(dma_as->root));
888     memory_region_set_enabled(&pci_dev->bus_master_enable_region, false);
889     address_space_init(&pci_dev->bus_master_as, &pci_dev->bus_master_enable_region,
890                        name);
891 
892     pstrcpy(pci_dev->name, sizeof(pci_dev->name), name);
893     pci_dev->irq_state = 0;
894     pci_config_alloc(pci_dev);
895 
896     pci_config_set_vendor_id(pci_dev->config, pc->vendor_id);
897     pci_config_set_device_id(pci_dev->config, pc->device_id);
898     pci_config_set_revision(pci_dev->config, pc->revision);
899     pci_config_set_class(pci_dev->config, pc->class_id);
900 
901     if (!pc->is_bridge) {
902         if (pc->subsystem_vendor_id || pc->subsystem_id) {
903             pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID,
904                          pc->subsystem_vendor_id);
905             pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID,
906                          pc->subsystem_id);
907         } else {
908             pci_set_default_subsystem_id(pci_dev);
909         }
910     } else {
911         /* subsystem_vendor_id/subsystem_id are only for header type 0 */
912         assert(!pc->subsystem_vendor_id);
913         assert(!pc->subsystem_id);
914     }
915     pci_init_cmask(pci_dev);
916     pci_init_wmask(pci_dev);
917     pci_init_w1cmask(pci_dev);
918     if (pc->is_bridge) {
919         pci_init_mask_bridge(pci_dev);
920     }
921     pci_init_multifunction(bus, pci_dev, &local_err);
922     if (local_err) {
923         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
924         do_pci_unregister_device(pci_dev);
925         return NULL;
926     }
927 
928     if (!config_read)
929         config_read = pci_default_read_config;
930     if (!config_write)
931         config_write = pci_default_write_config;
932     pci_dev->config_read = config_read;
933     pci_dev->config_write = config_write;
934     bus->devices[devfn] = pci_dev;
935     pci_dev->version_id = 2; /* Current pci device vmstate version */
936     return pci_dev;
937 }
938 
939 static void pci_unregister_io_regions(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
940 {
941     PCIIORegion *r;
942     int i;
943 
944     for(i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
945         r = &pci_dev->io_regions[i];
946         if (!r->size || r->addr == PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED)
947             continue;
948         memory_region_del_subregion(r->address_space, r->memory);
949     }
950 
951     pci_unregister_vga(pci_dev);
952 }
953 
954 static void pci_qdev_unrealize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
955 {
956     PCIDevice *pci_dev = PCI_DEVICE(dev);
957     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(pci_dev);
958 
959     pci_unregister_io_regions(pci_dev);
960     pci_del_option_rom(pci_dev);
961 
962     if (pc->exit) {
963         pc->exit(pci_dev);
964     }
965 
966     do_pci_unregister_device(pci_dev);
967 }
968 
969 void pci_register_bar(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int region_num,
970                       uint8_t type, MemoryRegion *memory)
971 {
972     PCIIORegion *r;
973     uint32_t addr;
974     uint64_t wmask;
975     pcibus_t size = memory_region_size(memory);
976 
977     assert(region_num >= 0);
978     assert(region_num < PCI_NUM_REGIONS);
979     if (size & (size-1)) {
980         fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: PCI region size must be pow2 "
981                     "type=0x%x, size=0x%"FMT_PCIBUS"\n", type, size);
982         exit(1);
983     }
984 
985     r = &pci_dev->io_regions[region_num];
986     r->addr = PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
987     r->size = size;
988     r->type = type;
989     r->memory = NULL;
990 
991     wmask = ~(size - 1);
992     addr = pci_bar(pci_dev, region_num);
993     if (region_num == PCI_ROM_SLOT) {
994         /* ROM enable bit is writable */
995         wmask |= PCI_ROM_ADDRESS_ENABLE;
996     }
997     pci_set_long(pci_dev->config + addr, type);
998     if (!(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) &&
999         r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) {
1000         pci_set_quad(pci_dev->wmask + addr, wmask);
1001         pci_set_quad(pci_dev->cmask + addr, ~0ULL);
1002     } else {
1003         pci_set_long(pci_dev->wmask + addr, wmask & 0xffffffff);
1004         pci_set_long(pci_dev->cmask + addr, 0xffffffff);
1005     }
1006     pci_dev->io_regions[region_num].memory = memory;
1007     pci_dev->io_regions[region_num].address_space
1008         = type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO
1009         ? pci_dev->bus->address_space_io
1010         : pci_dev->bus->address_space_mem;
1011 }
1012 
1013 static void pci_update_vga(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1014 {
1015     uint16_t cmd;
1016 
1017     if (!pci_dev->has_vga) {
1018         return;
1019     }
1020 
1021     cmd = pci_get_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_COMMAND);
1022 
1023     memory_region_set_enabled(pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM],
1024                               cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY);
1025     memory_region_set_enabled(pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO],
1026                               cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO);
1027     memory_region_set_enabled(pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI],
1028                               cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO);
1029 }
1030 
1031 void pci_register_vga(PCIDevice *pci_dev, MemoryRegion *mem,
1032                       MemoryRegion *io_lo, MemoryRegion *io_hi)
1033 {
1034     assert(!pci_dev->has_vga);
1035 
1036     assert(memory_region_size(mem) == QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM_SIZE);
1037     pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM] = mem;
1038     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(pci_dev->bus->address_space_mem,
1039                                         QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM_BASE, mem, 1);
1040 
1041     assert(memory_region_size(io_lo) == QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO_SIZE);
1042     pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO] = io_lo;
1043     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(pci_dev->bus->address_space_io,
1044                                         QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO_BASE, io_lo, 1);
1045 
1046     assert(memory_region_size(io_hi) == QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI_SIZE);
1047     pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI] = io_hi;
1048     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(pci_dev->bus->address_space_io,
1049                                         QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI_BASE, io_hi, 1);
1050     pci_dev->has_vga = true;
1051 
1052     pci_update_vga(pci_dev);
1053 }
1054 
1055 void pci_unregister_vga(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1056 {
1057     if (!pci_dev->has_vga) {
1058         return;
1059     }
1060 
1061     memory_region_del_subregion(pci_dev->bus->address_space_mem,
1062                                 pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM]);
1063     memory_region_del_subregion(pci_dev->bus->address_space_io,
1064                                 pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO]);
1065     memory_region_del_subregion(pci_dev->bus->address_space_io,
1066                                 pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI]);
1067     pci_dev->has_vga = false;
1068 }
1069 
1070 pcibus_t pci_get_bar_addr(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int region_num)
1071 {
1072     return pci_dev->io_regions[region_num].addr;
1073 }
1074 
1075 static pcibus_t pci_bar_address(PCIDevice *d,
1076 				int reg, uint8_t type, pcibus_t size)
1077 {
1078     pcibus_t new_addr, last_addr;
1079     int bar = pci_bar(d, reg);
1080     uint16_t cmd = pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_COMMAND);
1081     Object *machine = qdev_get_machine();
1082     ObjectClass *oc = object_get_class(machine);
1083     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
1084     bool allow_0_address = mc->pci_allow_0_address;
1085 
1086     if (type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) {
1087         if (!(cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO)) {
1088             return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1089         }
1090         new_addr = pci_get_long(d->config + bar) & ~(size - 1);
1091         last_addr = new_addr + size - 1;
1092         /* Check if 32 bit BAR wraps around explicitly.
1093          * TODO: make priorities correct and remove this work around.
1094          */
1095         if (last_addr <= new_addr || last_addr >= UINT32_MAX ||
1096             (!allow_0_address && new_addr == 0)) {
1097             return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1098         }
1099         return new_addr;
1100     }
1101 
1102     if (!(cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY)) {
1103         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1104     }
1105     if (type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) {
1106         new_addr = pci_get_quad(d->config + bar);
1107     } else {
1108         new_addr = pci_get_long(d->config + bar);
1109     }
1110     /* the ROM slot has a specific enable bit */
1111     if (reg == PCI_ROM_SLOT && !(new_addr & PCI_ROM_ADDRESS_ENABLE)) {
1112         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1113     }
1114     new_addr &= ~(size - 1);
1115     last_addr = new_addr + size - 1;
1116     /* NOTE: we do not support wrapping */
1117     /* XXX: as we cannot support really dynamic
1118        mappings, we handle specific values as invalid
1119        mappings. */
1120     if (last_addr <= new_addr || last_addr == PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED ||
1121         (!allow_0_address && new_addr == 0)) {
1122         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1123     }
1124 
1125     /* Now pcibus_t is 64bit.
1126      * Check if 32 bit BAR wraps around explicitly.
1127      * Without this, PC ide doesn't work well.
1128      * TODO: remove this work around.
1129      */
1130     if  (!(type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) && last_addr >= UINT32_MAX) {
1131         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1132     }
1133 
1134     /*
1135      * OS is allowed to set BAR beyond its addressable
1136      * bits. For example, 32 bit OS can set 64bit bar
1137      * to >4G. Check it. TODO: we might need to support
1138      * it in the future for e.g. PAE.
1139      */
1140     if (last_addr >= HWADDR_MAX) {
1141         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1142     }
1143 
1144     return new_addr;
1145 }
1146 
1147 static void pci_update_mappings(PCIDevice *d)
1148 {
1149     PCIIORegion *r;
1150     int i;
1151     pcibus_t new_addr;
1152 
1153     for(i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
1154         r = &d->io_regions[i];
1155 
1156         /* this region isn't registered */
1157         if (!r->size)
1158             continue;
1159 
1160         new_addr = pci_bar_address(d, i, r->type, r->size);
1161 
1162         /* This bar isn't changed */
1163         if (new_addr == r->addr)
1164             continue;
1165 
1166         /* now do the real mapping */
1167         if (r->addr != PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED) {
1168             trace_pci_update_mappings_del(d, pci_bus_num(d->bus),
1169                                           PCI_SLOT(d->devfn),
1170                                           PCI_FUNC(d->devfn),
1171                                           i, r->addr, r->size);
1172             memory_region_del_subregion(r->address_space, r->memory);
1173         }
1174         r->addr = new_addr;
1175         if (r->addr != PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED) {
1176             trace_pci_update_mappings_add(d, pci_bus_num(d->bus),
1177                                           PCI_SLOT(d->devfn),
1178                                           PCI_FUNC(d->devfn),
1179                                           i, r->addr, r->size);
1180             memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(r->address_space,
1181                                                 r->addr, r->memory, 1);
1182         }
1183     }
1184 
1185     pci_update_vga(d);
1186 }
1187 
1188 static inline int pci_irq_disabled(PCIDevice *d)
1189 {
1190     return pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_COMMAND) & PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE;
1191 }
1192 
1193 /* Called after interrupt disabled field update in config space,
1194  * assert/deassert interrupts if necessary.
1195  * Gets original interrupt disable bit value (before update). */
1196 static void pci_update_irq_disabled(PCIDevice *d, int was_irq_disabled)
1197 {
1198     int i, disabled = pci_irq_disabled(d);
1199     if (disabled == was_irq_disabled)
1200         return;
1201     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
1202         int state = pci_irq_state(d, i);
1203         pci_change_irq_level(d, i, disabled ? -state : state);
1204     }
1205 }
1206 
1207 uint32_t pci_default_read_config(PCIDevice *d,
1208                                  uint32_t address, int len)
1209 {
1210     uint32_t val = 0;
1211 
1212     memcpy(&val, d->config + address, len);
1213     return le32_to_cpu(val);
1214 }
1215 
1216 void pci_default_write_config(PCIDevice *d, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val_in, int l)
1217 {
1218     int i, was_irq_disabled = pci_irq_disabled(d);
1219     uint32_t val = val_in;
1220 
1221     for (i = 0; i < l; val >>= 8, ++i) {
1222         uint8_t wmask = d->wmask[addr + i];
1223         uint8_t w1cmask = d->w1cmask[addr + i];
1224         assert(!(wmask & w1cmask));
1225         d->config[addr + i] = (d->config[addr + i] & ~wmask) | (val & wmask);
1226         d->config[addr + i] &= ~(val & w1cmask); /* W1C: Write 1 to Clear */
1227     }
1228     if (ranges_overlap(addr, l, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0, 24) ||
1229         ranges_overlap(addr, l, PCI_ROM_ADDRESS, 4) ||
1230         ranges_overlap(addr, l, PCI_ROM_ADDRESS1, 4) ||
1231         range_covers_byte(addr, l, PCI_COMMAND))
1232         pci_update_mappings(d);
1233 
1234     if (range_covers_byte(addr, l, PCI_COMMAND)) {
1235         pci_update_irq_disabled(d, was_irq_disabled);
1236         memory_region_set_enabled(&d->bus_master_enable_region,
1237                                   pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_COMMAND)
1238                                     & PCI_COMMAND_MASTER);
1239     }
1240 
1241     msi_write_config(d, addr, val_in, l);
1242     msix_write_config(d, addr, val_in, l);
1243 }
1244 
1245 /***********************************************************/
1246 /* generic PCI irq support */
1247 
1248 /* 0 <= irq_num <= 3. level must be 0 or 1 */
1249 static void pci_irq_handler(void *opaque, int irq_num, int level)
1250 {
1251     PCIDevice *pci_dev = opaque;
1252     int change;
1253 
1254     change = level - pci_irq_state(pci_dev, irq_num);
1255     if (!change)
1256         return;
1257 
1258     pci_set_irq_state(pci_dev, irq_num, level);
1259     pci_update_irq_status(pci_dev);
1260     if (pci_irq_disabled(pci_dev))
1261         return;
1262     pci_change_irq_level(pci_dev, irq_num, change);
1263 }
1264 
1265 static inline int pci_intx(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1266 {
1267     return pci_get_byte(pci_dev->config + PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN) - 1;
1268 }
1269 
1270 qemu_irq pci_allocate_irq(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1271 {
1272     int intx = pci_intx(pci_dev);
1273 
1274     return qemu_allocate_irq(pci_irq_handler, pci_dev, intx);
1275 }
1276 
1277 void pci_set_irq(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int level)
1278 {
1279     int intx = pci_intx(pci_dev);
1280     pci_irq_handler(pci_dev, intx, level);
1281 }
1282 
1283 /* Special hooks used by device assignment */
1284 void pci_bus_set_route_irq_fn(PCIBus *bus, pci_route_irq_fn route_intx_to_irq)
1285 {
1286     assert(pci_bus_is_root(bus));
1287     bus->route_intx_to_irq = route_intx_to_irq;
1288 }
1289 
1290 PCIINTxRoute pci_device_route_intx_to_irq(PCIDevice *dev, int pin)
1291 {
1292     PCIBus *bus;
1293 
1294     do {
1295          bus = dev->bus;
1296          pin = bus->map_irq(dev, pin);
1297          dev = bus->parent_dev;
1298     } while (dev);
1299 
1300     if (!bus->route_intx_to_irq) {
1301         error_report("PCI: Bug - unimplemented PCI INTx routing (%s)",
1302                      object_get_typename(OBJECT(bus->qbus.parent)));
1303         return (PCIINTxRoute) { PCI_INTX_DISABLED, -1 };
1304     }
1305 
1306     return bus->route_intx_to_irq(bus->irq_opaque, pin);
1307 }
1308 
1309 bool pci_intx_route_changed(PCIINTxRoute *old, PCIINTxRoute *new)
1310 {
1311     return old->mode != new->mode || old->irq != new->irq;
1312 }
1313 
1314 void pci_bus_fire_intx_routing_notifier(PCIBus *bus)
1315 {
1316     PCIDevice *dev;
1317     PCIBus *sec;
1318     int i;
1319 
1320     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); ++i) {
1321         dev = bus->devices[i];
1322         if (dev && dev->intx_routing_notifier) {
1323             dev->intx_routing_notifier(dev);
1324         }
1325     }
1326 
1327     QLIST_FOREACH(sec, &bus->child, sibling) {
1328         pci_bus_fire_intx_routing_notifier(sec);
1329     }
1330 }
1331 
1332 void pci_device_set_intx_routing_notifier(PCIDevice *dev,
1333                                           PCIINTxRoutingNotifier notifier)
1334 {
1335     dev->intx_routing_notifier = notifier;
1336 }
1337 
1338 /*
1339  * PCI-to-PCI bridge specification
1340  * 9.1: Interrupt routing. Table 9-1
1341  *
1342  * the PCI Express Base Specification, Revision 2.1
1343  * 2.2.8.1: INTx interrutp signaling - Rules
1344  *          the Implementation Note
1345  *          Table 2-20
1346  */
1347 /*
1348  * 0 <= pin <= 3 0 = INTA, 1 = INTB, 2 = INTC, 3 = INTD
1349  * 0-origin unlike PCI interrupt pin register.
1350  */
1351 int pci_swizzle_map_irq_fn(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int pin)
1352 {
1353     return (pin + PCI_SLOT(pci_dev->devfn)) % PCI_NUM_PINS;
1354 }
1355 
1356 /***********************************************************/
1357 /* monitor info on PCI */
1358 
1359 typedef struct {
1360     uint16_t class;
1361     const char *desc;
1362     const char *fw_name;
1363     uint16_t fw_ign_bits;
1364 } pci_class_desc;
1365 
1366 static const pci_class_desc pci_class_descriptions[] =
1367 {
1368     { 0x0001, "VGA controller", "display"},
1369     { 0x0100, "SCSI controller", "scsi"},
1370     { 0x0101, "IDE controller", "ide"},
1371     { 0x0102, "Floppy controller", "fdc"},
1372     { 0x0103, "IPI controller", "ipi"},
1373     { 0x0104, "RAID controller", "raid"},
1374     { 0x0106, "SATA controller"},
1375     { 0x0107, "SAS controller"},
1376     { 0x0180, "Storage controller"},
1377     { 0x0200, "Ethernet controller", "ethernet"},
1378     { 0x0201, "Token Ring controller", "token-ring"},
1379     { 0x0202, "FDDI controller", "fddi"},
1380     { 0x0203, "ATM controller", "atm"},
1381     { 0x0280, "Network controller"},
1382     { 0x0300, "VGA controller", "display", 0x00ff},
1383     { 0x0301, "XGA controller"},
1384     { 0x0302, "3D controller"},
1385     { 0x0380, "Display controller"},
1386     { 0x0400, "Video controller", "video"},
1387     { 0x0401, "Audio controller", "sound"},
1388     { 0x0402, "Phone"},
1389     { 0x0403, "Audio controller", "sound"},
1390     { 0x0480, "Multimedia controller"},
1391     { 0x0500, "RAM controller", "memory"},
1392     { 0x0501, "Flash controller", "flash"},
1393     { 0x0580, "Memory controller"},
1394     { 0x0600, "Host bridge", "host"},
1395     { 0x0601, "ISA bridge", "isa"},
1396     { 0x0602, "EISA bridge", "eisa"},
1397     { 0x0603, "MC bridge", "mca"},
1398     { 0x0604, "PCI bridge", "pci-bridge"},
1399     { 0x0605, "PCMCIA bridge", "pcmcia"},
1400     { 0x0606, "NUBUS bridge", "nubus"},
1401     { 0x0607, "CARDBUS bridge", "cardbus"},
1402     { 0x0608, "RACEWAY bridge"},
1403     { 0x0680, "Bridge"},
1404     { 0x0700, "Serial port", "serial"},
1405     { 0x0701, "Parallel port", "parallel"},
1406     { 0x0800, "Interrupt controller", "interrupt-controller"},
1407     { 0x0801, "DMA controller", "dma-controller"},
1408     { 0x0802, "Timer", "timer"},
1409     { 0x0803, "RTC", "rtc"},
1410     { 0x0900, "Keyboard", "keyboard"},
1411     { 0x0901, "Pen", "pen"},
1412     { 0x0902, "Mouse", "mouse"},
1413     { 0x0A00, "Dock station", "dock", 0x00ff},
1414     { 0x0B00, "i386 cpu", "cpu", 0x00ff},
1415     { 0x0c00, "Fireware contorller", "fireware"},
1416     { 0x0c01, "Access bus controller", "access-bus"},
1417     { 0x0c02, "SSA controller", "ssa"},
1418     { 0x0c03, "USB controller", "usb"},
1419     { 0x0c04, "Fibre channel controller", "fibre-channel"},
1420     { 0x0c05, "SMBus"},
1421     { 0, NULL}
1422 };
1423 
1424 static void pci_for_each_device_under_bus(PCIBus *bus,
1425                                           void (*fn)(PCIBus *b, PCIDevice *d,
1426                                                      void *opaque),
1427                                           void *opaque)
1428 {
1429     PCIDevice *d;
1430     int devfn;
1431 
1432     for(devfn = 0; devfn < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); devfn++) {
1433         d = bus->devices[devfn];
1434         if (d) {
1435             fn(bus, d, opaque);
1436         }
1437     }
1438 }
1439 
1440 void pci_for_each_device(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num,
1441                          void (*fn)(PCIBus *b, PCIDevice *d, void *opaque),
1442                          void *opaque)
1443 {
1444     bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, bus_num);
1445 
1446     if (bus) {
1447         pci_for_each_device_under_bus(bus, fn, opaque);
1448     }
1449 }
1450 
1451 static const pci_class_desc *get_class_desc(int class)
1452 {
1453     const pci_class_desc *desc;
1454 
1455     desc = pci_class_descriptions;
1456     while (desc->desc && class != desc->class) {
1457         desc++;
1458     }
1459 
1460     return desc;
1461 }
1462 
1463 static PciDeviceInfoList *qmp_query_pci_devices(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num);
1464 
1465 static PciMemoryRegionList *qmp_query_pci_regions(const PCIDevice *dev)
1466 {
1467     PciMemoryRegionList *head = NULL, *cur_item = NULL;
1468     int i;
1469 
1470     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
1471         const PCIIORegion *r = &dev->io_regions[i];
1472         PciMemoryRegionList *region;
1473 
1474         if (!r->size) {
1475             continue;
1476         }
1477 
1478         region = g_malloc0(sizeof(*region));
1479         region->value = g_malloc0(sizeof(*region->value));
1480 
1481         if (r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) {
1482             region->value->type = g_strdup("io");
1483         } else {
1484             region->value->type = g_strdup("memory");
1485             region->value->has_prefetch = true;
1486             region->value->prefetch = !!(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
1487             region->value->has_mem_type_64 = true;
1488             region->value->mem_type_64 = !!(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64);
1489         }
1490 
1491         region->value->bar = i;
1492         region->value->address = r->addr;
1493         region->value->size = r->size;
1494 
1495         /* XXX: waiting for the qapi to support GSList */
1496         if (!cur_item) {
1497             head = cur_item = region;
1498         } else {
1499             cur_item->next = region;
1500             cur_item = region;
1501         }
1502     }
1503 
1504     return head;
1505 }
1506 
1507 static PciBridgeInfo *qmp_query_pci_bridge(PCIDevice *dev, PCIBus *bus,
1508                                            int bus_num)
1509 {
1510     PciBridgeInfo *info;
1511     PciMemoryRange *range;
1512 
1513     info = g_new0(PciBridgeInfo, 1);
1514 
1515     info->bus = g_new0(PciBusInfo, 1);
1516     info->bus->number = dev->config[PCI_PRIMARY_BUS];
1517     info->bus->secondary = dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS];
1518     info->bus->subordinate = dev->config[PCI_SUBORDINATE_BUS];
1519 
1520     range = info->bus->io_range = g_new0(PciMemoryRange, 1);
1521     range->base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO);
1522     range->limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO);
1523 
1524     range = info->bus->memory_range = g_new0(PciMemoryRange, 1);
1525     range->base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY);
1526     range->limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY);
1527 
1528     range = info->bus->prefetchable_range = g_new0(PciMemoryRange, 1);
1529     range->base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
1530     range->limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
1531 
1532     if (dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS] != 0) {
1533         PCIBus *child_bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS]);
1534         if (child_bus) {
1535             info->has_devices = true;
1536             info->devices = qmp_query_pci_devices(child_bus, dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS]);
1537         }
1538     }
1539 
1540     return info;
1541 }
1542 
1543 static PciDeviceInfo *qmp_query_pci_device(PCIDevice *dev, PCIBus *bus,
1544                                            int bus_num)
1545 {
1546     const pci_class_desc *desc;
1547     PciDeviceInfo *info;
1548     uint8_t type;
1549     int class;
1550 
1551     info = g_new0(PciDeviceInfo, 1);
1552     info->bus = bus_num;
1553     info->slot = PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn);
1554     info->function = PCI_FUNC(dev->devfn);
1555 
1556     info->class_info = g_new0(PciDeviceClass, 1);
1557     class = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
1558     info->class_info->q_class = class;
1559     desc = get_class_desc(class);
1560     if (desc->desc) {
1561         info->class_info->has_desc = true;
1562         info->class_info->desc = g_strdup(desc->desc);
1563     }
1564 
1565     info->id = g_new0(PciDeviceId, 1);
1566     info->id->vendor = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID);
1567     info->id->device = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID);
1568     info->regions = qmp_query_pci_regions(dev);
1569     info->qdev_id = g_strdup(dev->qdev.id ? dev->qdev.id : "");
1570 
1571     if (dev->config[PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN] != 0) {
1572         info->has_irq = true;
1573         info->irq = dev->config[PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE];
1574     }
1575 
1576     type = dev->config[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] & ~PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
1577     if (type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE) {
1578         info->has_pci_bridge = true;
1579         info->pci_bridge = qmp_query_pci_bridge(dev, bus, bus_num);
1580     }
1581 
1582     return info;
1583 }
1584 
1585 static PciDeviceInfoList *qmp_query_pci_devices(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
1586 {
1587     PciDeviceInfoList *info, *head = NULL, *cur_item = NULL;
1588     PCIDevice *dev;
1589     int devfn;
1590 
1591     for (devfn = 0; devfn < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); devfn++) {
1592         dev = bus->devices[devfn];
1593         if (dev) {
1594             info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
1595             info->value = qmp_query_pci_device(dev, bus, bus_num);
1596 
1597             /* XXX: waiting for the qapi to support GSList */
1598             if (!cur_item) {
1599                 head = cur_item = info;
1600             } else {
1601                 cur_item->next = info;
1602                 cur_item = info;
1603             }
1604         }
1605     }
1606 
1607     return head;
1608 }
1609 
1610 static PciInfo *qmp_query_pci_bus(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
1611 {
1612     PciInfo *info = NULL;
1613 
1614     bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, bus_num);
1615     if (bus) {
1616         info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
1617         info->bus = bus_num;
1618         info->devices = qmp_query_pci_devices(bus, bus_num);
1619     }
1620 
1621     return info;
1622 }
1623 
1624 PciInfoList *qmp_query_pci(Error **errp)
1625 {
1626     PciInfoList *info, *head = NULL, *cur_item = NULL;
1627     PCIHostState *host_bridge;
1628 
1629     QLIST_FOREACH(host_bridge, &pci_host_bridges, next) {
1630         info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
1631         info->value = qmp_query_pci_bus(host_bridge->bus,
1632                                         pci_bus_num(host_bridge->bus));
1633 
1634         /* XXX: waiting for the qapi to support GSList */
1635         if (!cur_item) {
1636             head = cur_item = info;
1637         } else {
1638             cur_item->next = info;
1639             cur_item = info;
1640         }
1641     }
1642 
1643     return head;
1644 }
1645 
1646 static const char * const pci_nic_models[] = {
1647     "ne2k_pci",
1648     "i82551",
1649     "i82557b",
1650     "i82559er",
1651     "rtl8139",
1652     "e1000",
1653     "pcnet",
1654     "virtio",
1655     NULL
1656 };
1657 
1658 static const char * const pci_nic_names[] = {
1659     "ne2k_pci",
1660     "i82551",
1661     "i82557b",
1662     "i82559er",
1663     "rtl8139",
1664     "e1000",
1665     "pcnet",
1666     "virtio-net-pci",
1667     NULL
1668 };
1669 
1670 /* Initialize a PCI NIC.  */
1671 PCIDevice *pci_nic_init_nofail(NICInfo *nd, PCIBus *rootbus,
1672                                const char *default_model,
1673                                const char *default_devaddr)
1674 {
1675     const char *devaddr = nd->devaddr ? nd->devaddr : default_devaddr;
1676     Error *err = NULL;
1677     PCIBus *bus;
1678     PCIDevice *pci_dev;
1679     DeviceState *dev;
1680     int devfn;
1681     int i;
1682 
1683     if (qemu_show_nic_models(nd->model, pci_nic_models)) {
1684         exit(0);
1685     }
1686 
1687     i = qemu_find_nic_model(nd, pci_nic_models, default_model);
1688     if (i < 0) {
1689         exit(1);
1690     }
1691 
1692     bus = pci_get_bus_devfn(&devfn, rootbus, devaddr);
1693     if (!bus) {
1694         error_report("Invalid PCI device address %s for device %s",
1695                      devaddr, pci_nic_names[i]);
1696         exit(1);
1697     }
1698 
1699     pci_dev = pci_create(bus, devfn, pci_nic_names[i]);
1700     dev = &pci_dev->qdev;
1701     qdev_set_nic_properties(dev, nd);
1702 
1703     object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(dev), true, "realized", &err);
1704     if (err) {
1705         error_report_err(err);
1706         object_unparent(OBJECT(dev));
1707         exit(1);
1708     }
1709 
1710     return pci_dev;
1711 }
1712 
1713 PCIDevice *pci_vga_init(PCIBus *bus)
1714 {
1715     switch (vga_interface_type) {
1716     case VGA_CIRRUS:
1717         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "cirrus-vga");
1718     case VGA_QXL:
1719         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "qxl-vga");
1720     case VGA_STD:
1721         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "VGA");
1722     case VGA_VMWARE:
1723         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "vmware-svga");
1724     case VGA_VIRTIO:
1725         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "virtio-vga");
1726     case VGA_NONE:
1727     default: /* Other non-PCI types. Checking for unsupported types is already
1728                 done in vl.c. */
1729         return NULL;
1730     }
1731 }
1732 
1733 /* Whether a given bus number is in range of the secondary
1734  * bus of the given bridge device. */
1735 static bool pci_secondary_bus_in_range(PCIDevice *dev, int bus_num)
1736 {
1737     return !(pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL) &
1738              PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_BUS_RESET) /* Don't walk the bus if it's reset. */ &&
1739         dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS] <= bus_num &&
1740         bus_num <= dev->config[PCI_SUBORDINATE_BUS];
1741 }
1742 
1743 /* Whether a given bus number is in a range of a root bus */
1744 static bool pci_root_bus_in_range(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
1745 {
1746     int i;
1747 
1748     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); ++i) {
1749         PCIDevice *dev = bus->devices[i];
1750 
1751         if (dev && PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev)->is_bridge) {
1752             if (pci_secondary_bus_in_range(dev, bus_num)) {
1753                 return true;
1754             }
1755         }
1756     }
1757 
1758     return false;
1759 }
1760 
1761 static PCIBus *pci_find_bus_nr(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
1762 {
1763     PCIBus *sec;
1764 
1765     if (!bus) {
1766         return NULL;
1767     }
1768 
1769     if (pci_bus_num(bus) == bus_num) {
1770         return bus;
1771     }
1772 
1773     /* Consider all bus numbers in range for the host pci bridge. */
1774     if (!pci_bus_is_root(bus) &&
1775         !pci_secondary_bus_in_range(bus->parent_dev, bus_num)) {
1776         return NULL;
1777     }
1778 
1779     /* try child bus */
1780     for (; bus; bus = sec) {
1781         QLIST_FOREACH(sec, &bus->child, sibling) {
1782             if (pci_bus_num(sec) == bus_num) {
1783                 return sec;
1784             }
1785             /* PXB buses assumed to be children of bus 0 */
1786             if (pci_bus_is_root(sec)) {
1787                 if (pci_root_bus_in_range(sec, bus_num)) {
1788                     break;
1789                 }
1790             } else {
1791                 if (pci_secondary_bus_in_range(sec->parent_dev, bus_num)) {
1792                     break;
1793                 }
1794             }
1795         }
1796     }
1797 
1798     return NULL;
1799 }
1800 
1801 void pci_for_each_bus_depth_first(PCIBus *bus,
1802                                   void *(*begin)(PCIBus *bus, void *parent_state),
1803                                   void (*end)(PCIBus *bus, void *state),
1804                                   void *parent_state)
1805 {
1806     PCIBus *sec;
1807     void *state;
1808 
1809     if (!bus) {
1810         return;
1811     }
1812 
1813     if (begin) {
1814         state = begin(bus, parent_state);
1815     } else {
1816         state = parent_state;
1817     }
1818 
1819     QLIST_FOREACH(sec, &bus->child, sibling) {
1820         pci_for_each_bus_depth_first(sec, begin, end, state);
1821     }
1822 
1823     if (end) {
1824         end(bus, state);
1825     }
1826 }
1827 
1828 
1829 PCIDevice *pci_find_device(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num, uint8_t devfn)
1830 {
1831     bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, bus_num);
1832 
1833     if (!bus)
1834         return NULL;
1835 
1836     return bus->devices[devfn];
1837 }
1838 
1839 static void pci_qdev_realize(DeviceState *qdev, Error **errp)
1840 {
1841     PCIDevice *pci_dev = (PCIDevice *)qdev;
1842     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(pci_dev);
1843     Error *local_err = NULL;
1844     PCIBus *bus;
1845     bool is_default_rom;
1846 
1847     /* initialize cap_present for pci_is_express() and pci_config_size() */
1848     if (pc->is_express) {
1849         pci_dev->cap_present |= QEMU_PCI_CAP_EXPRESS;
1850     }
1851 
1852     bus = PCI_BUS(qdev_get_parent_bus(qdev));
1853     pci_dev = do_pci_register_device(pci_dev, bus,
1854                                      object_get_typename(OBJECT(qdev)),
1855                                      pci_dev->devfn, errp);
1856     if (pci_dev == NULL)
1857         return;
1858 
1859     if (pc->realize) {
1860         pc->realize(pci_dev, &local_err);
1861         if (local_err) {
1862             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1863             do_pci_unregister_device(pci_dev);
1864             return;
1865         }
1866     }
1867 
1868     /* rom loading */
1869     is_default_rom = false;
1870     if (pci_dev->romfile == NULL && pc->romfile != NULL) {
1871         pci_dev->romfile = g_strdup(pc->romfile);
1872         is_default_rom = true;
1873     }
1874 
1875     pci_add_option_rom(pci_dev, is_default_rom, &local_err);
1876     if (local_err) {
1877         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1878         pci_qdev_unrealize(DEVICE(pci_dev), NULL);
1879         return;
1880     }
1881 }
1882 
1883 static void pci_default_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
1884 {
1885     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
1886 
1887     if (pc->init) {
1888         if (pc->init(dev) < 0) {
1889             error_setg(errp, "Device initialization failed");
1890             return;
1891         }
1892     }
1893 }
1894 
1895 PCIDevice *pci_create_multifunction(PCIBus *bus, int devfn, bool multifunction,
1896                                     const char *name)
1897 {
1898     DeviceState *dev;
1899 
1900     dev = qdev_create(&bus->qbus, name);
1901     qdev_prop_set_int32(dev, "addr", devfn);
1902     qdev_prop_set_bit(dev, "multifunction", multifunction);
1903     return PCI_DEVICE(dev);
1904 }
1905 
1906 PCIDevice *pci_create_simple_multifunction(PCIBus *bus, int devfn,
1907                                            bool multifunction,
1908                                            const char *name)
1909 {
1910     PCIDevice *dev = pci_create_multifunction(bus, devfn, multifunction, name);
1911     qdev_init_nofail(&dev->qdev);
1912     return dev;
1913 }
1914 
1915 PCIDevice *pci_create(PCIBus *bus, int devfn, const char *name)
1916 {
1917     return pci_create_multifunction(bus, devfn, false, name);
1918 }
1919 
1920 PCIDevice *pci_create_simple(PCIBus *bus, int devfn, const char *name)
1921 {
1922     return pci_create_simple_multifunction(bus, devfn, false, name);
1923 }
1924 
1925 static uint8_t pci_find_space(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t size)
1926 {
1927     int offset = PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE;
1928     int i;
1929     for (i = PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE; i < PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE; ++i) {
1930         if (pdev->used[i])
1931             offset = i + 1;
1932         else if (i - offset + 1 == size)
1933             return offset;
1934     }
1935     return 0;
1936 }
1937 
1938 static uint8_t pci_find_capability_list(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id,
1939                                         uint8_t *prev_p)
1940 {
1941     uint8_t next, prev;
1942 
1943     if (!(pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] & PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST))
1944         return 0;
1945 
1946     for (prev = PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST; (next = pdev->config[prev]);
1947          prev = next + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT)
1948         if (pdev->config[next + PCI_CAP_LIST_ID] == cap_id)
1949             break;
1950 
1951     if (prev_p)
1952         *prev_p = prev;
1953     return next;
1954 }
1955 
1956 static uint8_t pci_find_capability_at_offset(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t offset)
1957 {
1958     uint8_t next, prev, found = 0;
1959 
1960     if (!(pdev->used[offset])) {
1961         return 0;
1962     }
1963 
1964     assert(pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] & PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST);
1965 
1966     for (prev = PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST; (next = pdev->config[prev]);
1967          prev = next + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT) {
1968         if (next <= offset && next > found) {
1969             found = next;
1970         }
1971     }
1972     return found;
1973 }
1974 
1975 /* Patch the PCI vendor and device ids in a PCI rom image if necessary.
1976    This is needed for an option rom which is used for more than one device. */
1977 static void pci_patch_ids(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t *ptr, int size)
1978 {
1979     uint16_t vendor_id;
1980     uint16_t device_id;
1981     uint16_t rom_vendor_id;
1982     uint16_t rom_device_id;
1983     uint16_t rom_magic;
1984     uint16_t pcir_offset;
1985     uint8_t checksum;
1986 
1987     /* Words in rom data are little endian (like in PCI configuration),
1988        so they can be read / written with pci_get_word / pci_set_word. */
1989 
1990     /* Only a valid rom will be patched. */
1991     rom_magic = pci_get_word(ptr);
1992     if (rom_magic != 0xaa55) {
1993         PCI_DPRINTF("Bad ROM magic %04x\n", rom_magic);
1994         return;
1995     }
1996     pcir_offset = pci_get_word(ptr + 0x18);
1997     if (pcir_offset + 8 >= size || memcmp(ptr + pcir_offset, "PCIR", 4)) {
1998         PCI_DPRINTF("Bad PCIR offset 0x%x or signature\n", pcir_offset);
1999         return;
2000     }
2001 
2002     vendor_id = pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID);
2003     device_id = pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID);
2004     rom_vendor_id = pci_get_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 4);
2005     rom_device_id = pci_get_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 6);
2006 
2007     PCI_DPRINTF("%s: ROM id %04x%04x / PCI id %04x%04x\n", pdev->romfile,
2008                 vendor_id, device_id, rom_vendor_id, rom_device_id);
2009 
2010     checksum = ptr[6];
2011 
2012     if (vendor_id != rom_vendor_id) {
2013         /* Patch vendor id and checksum (at offset 6 for etherboot roms). */
2014         checksum += (uint8_t)rom_vendor_id + (uint8_t)(rom_vendor_id >> 8);
2015         checksum -= (uint8_t)vendor_id + (uint8_t)(vendor_id >> 8);
2016         PCI_DPRINTF("ROM checksum %02x / %02x\n", ptr[6], checksum);
2017         ptr[6] = checksum;
2018         pci_set_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 4, vendor_id);
2019     }
2020 
2021     if (device_id != rom_device_id) {
2022         /* Patch device id and checksum (at offset 6 for etherboot roms). */
2023         checksum += (uint8_t)rom_device_id + (uint8_t)(rom_device_id >> 8);
2024         checksum -= (uint8_t)device_id + (uint8_t)(device_id >> 8);
2025         PCI_DPRINTF("ROM checksum %02x / %02x\n", ptr[6], checksum);
2026         ptr[6] = checksum;
2027         pci_set_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 6, device_id);
2028     }
2029 }
2030 
2031 /* Add an option rom for the device */
2032 static void pci_add_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev, bool is_default_rom,
2033                                Error **errp)
2034 {
2035     int size;
2036     char *path;
2037     void *ptr;
2038     char name[32];
2039     const VMStateDescription *vmsd;
2040 
2041     if (!pdev->romfile)
2042         return;
2043     if (strlen(pdev->romfile) == 0)
2044         return;
2045 
2046     if (!pdev->rom_bar) {
2047         /*
2048          * Load rom via fw_cfg instead of creating a rom bar,
2049          * for 0.11 compatibility.
2050          */
2051         int class = pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
2052 
2053         /*
2054          * Hot-plugged devices can't use the option ROM
2055          * if the rom bar is disabled.
2056          */
2057         if (DEVICE(pdev)->hotplugged) {
2058             error_setg(errp, "Hot-plugged device without ROM bar"
2059                        " can't have an option ROM");
2060             return;
2061         }
2062 
2063         if (class == 0x0300) {
2064             rom_add_vga(pdev->romfile);
2065         } else {
2066             rom_add_option(pdev->romfile, -1);
2067         }
2068         return;
2069     }
2070 
2071     path = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, pdev->romfile);
2072     if (path == NULL) {
2073         path = g_strdup(pdev->romfile);
2074     }
2075 
2076     size = get_image_size(path);
2077     if (size < 0) {
2078         error_setg(errp, "failed to find romfile \"%s\"", pdev->romfile);
2079         g_free(path);
2080         return;
2081     } else if (size == 0) {
2082         error_setg(errp, "romfile \"%s\" is empty", pdev->romfile);
2083         g_free(path);
2084         return;
2085     }
2086     size = pow2ceil(size);
2087 
2088     vmsd = qdev_get_vmsd(DEVICE(pdev));
2089 
2090     if (vmsd) {
2091         snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s.rom", vmsd->name);
2092     } else {
2093         snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s.rom", object_get_typename(OBJECT(pdev)));
2094     }
2095     pdev->has_rom = true;
2096     memory_region_init_ram(&pdev->rom, OBJECT(pdev), name, size, &error_fatal);
2097     vmstate_register_ram(&pdev->rom, &pdev->qdev);
2098     ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&pdev->rom);
2099     load_image(path, ptr);
2100     g_free(path);
2101 
2102     if (is_default_rom) {
2103         /* Only the default rom images will be patched (if needed). */
2104         pci_patch_ids(pdev, ptr, size);
2105     }
2106 
2107     pci_register_bar(pdev, PCI_ROM_SLOT, 0, &pdev->rom);
2108 }
2109 
2110 static void pci_del_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev)
2111 {
2112     if (!pdev->has_rom)
2113         return;
2114 
2115     vmstate_unregister_ram(&pdev->rom, &pdev->qdev);
2116     pdev->has_rom = false;
2117 }
2118 
2119 /*
2120  * if offset = 0,
2121  * Find and reserve space and add capability to the linked list
2122  * in pci config space
2123  */
2124 int pci_add_capability(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id,
2125                        uint8_t offset, uint8_t size)
2126 {
2127     int ret;
2128     Error *local_err = NULL;
2129 
2130     ret = pci_add_capability2(pdev, cap_id, offset, size, &local_err);
2131     if (local_err) {
2132         assert(ret < 0);
2133         error_report_err(local_err);
2134     } else {
2135         /* success implies a positive offset in config space */
2136         assert(ret > 0);
2137     }
2138     return ret;
2139 }
2140 
2141 int pci_add_capability2(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id,
2142                        uint8_t offset, uint8_t size,
2143                        Error **errp)
2144 {
2145     uint8_t *config;
2146     int i, overlapping_cap;
2147 
2148     if (!offset) {
2149         offset = pci_find_space(pdev, size);
2150         if (!offset) {
2151             error_setg(errp, "out of PCI config space");
2152             return -ENOSPC;
2153         }
2154     } else {
2155         /* Verify that capabilities don't overlap.  Note: device assignment
2156          * depends on this check to verify that the device is not broken.
2157          * Should never trigger for emulated devices, but it's helpful
2158          * for debugging these. */
2159         for (i = offset; i < offset + size; i++) {
2160             overlapping_cap = pci_find_capability_at_offset(pdev, i);
2161             if (overlapping_cap) {
2162                 error_setg(errp, "%s:%02x:%02x.%x "
2163                            "Attempt to add PCI capability %x at offset "
2164                            "%x overlaps existing capability %x at offset %x",
2165                            pci_root_bus_path(pdev), pci_bus_num(pdev->bus),
2166                            PCI_SLOT(pdev->devfn), PCI_FUNC(pdev->devfn),
2167                            cap_id, offset, overlapping_cap, i);
2168                 return -EINVAL;
2169             }
2170         }
2171     }
2172 
2173     config = pdev->config + offset;
2174     config[PCI_CAP_LIST_ID] = cap_id;
2175     config[PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT] = pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST];
2176     pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST] = offset;
2177     pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] |= PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST;
2178     memset(pdev->used + offset, 0xFF, QEMU_ALIGN_UP(size, 4));
2179     /* Make capability read-only by default */
2180     memset(pdev->wmask + offset, 0, size);
2181     /* Check capability by default */
2182     memset(pdev->cmask + offset, 0xFF, size);
2183     return offset;
2184 }
2185 
2186 /* Unlink capability from the pci config space. */
2187 void pci_del_capability(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id, uint8_t size)
2188 {
2189     uint8_t prev, offset = pci_find_capability_list(pdev, cap_id, &prev);
2190     if (!offset)
2191         return;
2192     pdev->config[prev] = pdev->config[offset + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT];
2193     /* Make capability writable again */
2194     memset(pdev->wmask + offset, 0xff, size);
2195     memset(pdev->w1cmask + offset, 0, size);
2196     /* Clear cmask as device-specific registers can't be checked */
2197     memset(pdev->cmask + offset, 0, size);
2198     memset(pdev->used + offset, 0, QEMU_ALIGN_UP(size, 4));
2199 
2200     if (!pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST])
2201         pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] &= ~PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST;
2202 }
2203 
2204 uint8_t pci_find_capability(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id)
2205 {
2206     return pci_find_capability_list(pdev, cap_id, NULL);
2207 }
2208 
2209 static void pcibus_dev_print(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, int indent)
2210 {
2211     PCIDevice *d = (PCIDevice *)dev;
2212     const pci_class_desc *desc;
2213     char ctxt[64];
2214     PCIIORegion *r;
2215     int i, class;
2216 
2217     class = pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
2218     desc = pci_class_descriptions;
2219     while (desc->desc && class != desc->class)
2220         desc++;
2221     if (desc->desc) {
2222         snprintf(ctxt, sizeof(ctxt), "%s", desc->desc);
2223     } else {
2224         snprintf(ctxt, sizeof(ctxt), "Class %04x", class);
2225     }
2226 
2227     monitor_printf(mon, "%*sclass %s, addr %02x:%02x.%x, "
2228                    "pci id %04x:%04x (sub %04x:%04x)\n",
2229                    indent, "", ctxt, pci_bus_num(d->bus),
2230                    PCI_SLOT(d->devfn), PCI_FUNC(d->devfn),
2231                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID),
2232                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID),
2233                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID),
2234                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID));
2235     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
2236         r = &d->io_regions[i];
2237         if (!r->size)
2238             continue;
2239         monitor_printf(mon, "%*sbar %d: %s at 0x%"FMT_PCIBUS
2240                        " [0x%"FMT_PCIBUS"]\n",
2241                        indent, "",
2242                        i, r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO ? "i/o" : "mem",
2243                        r->addr, r->addr + r->size - 1);
2244     }
2245 }
2246 
2247 static char *pci_dev_fw_name(DeviceState *dev, char *buf, int len)
2248 {
2249     PCIDevice *d = (PCIDevice *)dev;
2250     const char *name = NULL;
2251     const pci_class_desc *desc =  pci_class_descriptions;
2252     int class = pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
2253 
2254     while (desc->desc &&
2255           (class & ~desc->fw_ign_bits) !=
2256           (desc->class & ~desc->fw_ign_bits)) {
2257         desc++;
2258     }
2259 
2260     if (desc->desc) {
2261         name = desc->fw_name;
2262     }
2263 
2264     if (name) {
2265         pstrcpy(buf, len, name);
2266     } else {
2267         snprintf(buf, len, "pci%04x,%04x",
2268                  pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID),
2269                  pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID));
2270     }
2271 
2272     return buf;
2273 }
2274 
2275 static char *pcibus_get_fw_dev_path(DeviceState *dev)
2276 {
2277     PCIDevice *d = (PCIDevice *)dev;
2278     char path[50], name[33];
2279     int off;
2280 
2281     off = snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s@%x",
2282                    pci_dev_fw_name(dev, name, sizeof name),
2283                    PCI_SLOT(d->devfn));
2284     if (PCI_FUNC(d->devfn))
2285         snprintf(path + off, sizeof(path) + off, ",%x", PCI_FUNC(d->devfn));
2286     return g_strdup(path);
2287 }
2288 
2289 static char *pcibus_get_dev_path(DeviceState *dev)
2290 {
2291     PCIDevice *d = container_of(dev, PCIDevice, qdev);
2292     PCIDevice *t;
2293     int slot_depth;
2294     /* Path format: Domain:00:Slot.Function:Slot.Function....:Slot.Function.
2295      * 00 is added here to make this format compatible with
2296      * domain:Bus:Slot.Func for systems without nested PCI bridges.
2297      * Slot.Function list specifies the slot and function numbers for all
2298      * devices on the path from root to the specific device. */
2299     const char *root_bus_path;
2300     int root_bus_len;
2301     char slot[] = ":SS.F";
2302     int slot_len = sizeof slot - 1 /* For '\0' */;
2303     int path_len;
2304     char *path, *p;
2305     int s;
2306 
2307     root_bus_path = pci_root_bus_path(d);
2308     root_bus_len = strlen(root_bus_path);
2309 
2310     /* Calculate # of slots on path between device and root. */;
2311     slot_depth = 0;
2312     for (t = d; t; t = t->bus->parent_dev) {
2313         ++slot_depth;
2314     }
2315 
2316     path_len = root_bus_len + slot_len * slot_depth;
2317 
2318     /* Allocate memory, fill in the terminating null byte. */
2319     path = g_malloc(path_len + 1 /* For '\0' */);
2320     path[path_len] = '\0';
2321 
2322     memcpy(path, root_bus_path, root_bus_len);
2323 
2324     /* Fill in slot numbers. We walk up from device to root, so need to print
2325      * them in the reverse order, last to first. */
2326     p = path + path_len;
2327     for (t = d; t; t = t->bus->parent_dev) {
2328         p -= slot_len;
2329         s = snprintf(slot, sizeof slot, ":%02x.%x",
2330                      PCI_SLOT(t->devfn), PCI_FUNC(t->devfn));
2331         assert(s == slot_len);
2332         memcpy(p, slot, slot_len);
2333     }
2334 
2335     return path;
2336 }
2337 
2338 static int pci_qdev_find_recursive(PCIBus *bus,
2339                                    const char *id, PCIDevice **pdev)
2340 {
2341     DeviceState *qdev = qdev_find_recursive(&bus->qbus, id);
2342     if (!qdev) {
2343         return -ENODEV;
2344     }
2345 
2346     /* roughly check if given qdev is pci device */
2347     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(qdev), TYPE_PCI_DEVICE)) {
2348         *pdev = PCI_DEVICE(qdev);
2349         return 0;
2350     }
2351     return -EINVAL;
2352 }
2353 
2354 int pci_qdev_find_device(const char *id, PCIDevice **pdev)
2355 {
2356     PCIHostState *host_bridge;
2357     int rc = -ENODEV;
2358 
2359     QLIST_FOREACH(host_bridge, &pci_host_bridges, next) {
2360         int tmp = pci_qdev_find_recursive(host_bridge->bus, id, pdev);
2361         if (!tmp) {
2362             rc = 0;
2363             break;
2364         }
2365         if (tmp != -ENODEV) {
2366             rc = tmp;
2367         }
2368     }
2369 
2370     return rc;
2371 }
2372 
2373 MemoryRegion *pci_address_space(PCIDevice *dev)
2374 {
2375     return dev->bus->address_space_mem;
2376 }
2377 
2378 MemoryRegion *pci_address_space_io(PCIDevice *dev)
2379 {
2380     return dev->bus->address_space_io;
2381 }
2382 
2383 static void pci_device_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
2384 {
2385     DeviceClass *k = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
2386     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
2387 
2388     k->realize = pci_qdev_realize;
2389     k->unrealize = pci_qdev_unrealize;
2390     k->bus_type = TYPE_PCI_BUS;
2391     k->props = pci_props;
2392     pc->realize = pci_default_realize;
2393 }
2394 
2395 AddressSpace *pci_device_iommu_address_space(PCIDevice *dev)
2396 {
2397     PCIBus *bus = PCI_BUS(dev->bus);
2398     PCIBus *iommu_bus = bus;
2399 
2400     while(iommu_bus && !iommu_bus->iommu_fn && iommu_bus->parent_dev) {
2401         iommu_bus = PCI_BUS(iommu_bus->parent_dev->bus);
2402     }
2403     if (iommu_bus && iommu_bus->iommu_fn) {
2404         return iommu_bus->iommu_fn(bus, iommu_bus->iommu_opaque, dev->devfn);
2405     }
2406     return &address_space_memory;
2407 }
2408 
2409 void pci_setup_iommu(PCIBus *bus, PCIIOMMUFunc fn, void *opaque)
2410 {
2411     bus->iommu_fn = fn;
2412     bus->iommu_opaque = opaque;
2413 }
2414 
2415 static void pci_dev_get_w64(PCIBus *b, PCIDevice *dev, void *opaque)
2416 {
2417     Range *range = opaque;
2418     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
2419     uint16_t cmd = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_COMMAND);
2420     int i;
2421 
2422     if (!(cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY)) {
2423         return;
2424     }
2425 
2426     if (pc->is_bridge) {
2427         pcibus_t base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
2428         pcibus_t limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
2429 
2430         base = MAX(base, 0x1ULL << 32);
2431 
2432         if (limit >= base) {
2433             Range pref_range;
2434             pref_range.begin = base;
2435             pref_range.end = limit + 1;
2436             range_extend(range, &pref_range);
2437         }
2438     }
2439     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; ++i) {
2440         PCIIORegion *r = &dev->io_regions[i];
2441         Range region_range;
2442 
2443         if (!r->size ||
2444             (r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) ||
2445             !(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64)) {
2446             continue;
2447         }
2448         region_range.begin = pci_bar_address(dev, i, r->type, r->size);
2449         region_range.end = region_range.begin + r->size;
2450 
2451         if (region_range.begin == PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED) {
2452             continue;
2453         }
2454 
2455         region_range.begin = MAX(region_range.begin, 0x1ULL << 32);
2456 
2457         if (region_range.end - 1 >= region_range.begin) {
2458             range_extend(range, &region_range);
2459         }
2460     }
2461 }
2462 
2463 void pci_bus_get_w64_range(PCIBus *bus, Range *range)
2464 {
2465     range->begin = range->end = 0;
2466     pci_for_each_device_under_bus(bus, pci_dev_get_w64, range);
2467 }
2468 
2469 static bool pcie_has_upstream_port(PCIDevice *dev)
2470 {
2471     PCIDevice *parent_dev = pci_bridge_get_device(dev->bus);
2472 
2473     /* Device associated with an upstream port.
2474      * As there are several types of these, it's easier to check the
2475      * parent device: upstream ports are always connected to
2476      * root or downstream ports.
2477      */
2478     return parent_dev &&
2479         pci_is_express(parent_dev) &&
2480         parent_dev->exp.exp_cap &&
2481         (pcie_cap_get_type(parent_dev) == PCI_EXP_TYPE_ROOT_PORT ||
2482          pcie_cap_get_type(parent_dev) == PCI_EXP_TYPE_DOWNSTREAM);
2483 }
2484 
2485 PCIDevice *pci_get_function_0(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
2486 {
2487     if(pcie_has_upstream_port(pci_dev)) {
2488         /* With an upstream PCIe port, we only support 1 device at slot 0 */
2489         return pci_dev->bus->devices[0];
2490     } else {
2491         /* Other bus types might support multiple devices at slots 0-31 */
2492         return pci_dev->bus->devices[PCI_DEVFN(PCI_SLOT(pci_dev->devfn), 0)];
2493     }
2494 }
2495 
2496 static const TypeInfo pci_device_type_info = {
2497     .name = TYPE_PCI_DEVICE,
2498     .parent = TYPE_DEVICE,
2499     .instance_size = sizeof(PCIDevice),
2500     .abstract = true,
2501     .class_size = sizeof(PCIDeviceClass),
2502     .class_init = pci_device_class_init,
2503 };
2504 
2505 static void pci_register_types(void)
2506 {
2507     type_register_static(&pci_bus_info);
2508     type_register_static(&pcie_bus_info);
2509     type_register_static(&pci_device_type_info);
2510 }
2511 
2512 type_init(pci_register_types)
2513