xref: /openbmc/qemu/hw/pci/pci.c (revision 48151859)
1 /*
2  * QEMU PCI bus manager
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
25 #include "hw/hw.h"
26 #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
27 #include "hw/pci/pci_bridge.h"
28 #include "hw/pci/pci_bus.h"
29 #include "hw/pci/pci_host.h"
30 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
31 #include "net/net.h"
32 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
33 #include "hw/loader.h"
34 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
35 #include "qemu/range.h"
36 #include "qmp-commands.h"
37 #include "trace.h"
38 #include "hw/pci/msi.h"
39 #include "hw/pci/msix.h"
40 #include "exec/address-spaces.h"
41 #include "hw/hotplug.h"
42 #include "hw/boards.h"
43 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
44 
45 //#define DEBUG_PCI
46 #ifdef DEBUG_PCI
47 # define PCI_DPRINTF(format, ...)       printf(format, ## __VA_ARGS__)
48 #else
49 # define PCI_DPRINTF(format, ...)       do { } while (0)
50 #endif
51 
52 static void pcibus_dev_print(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, int indent);
53 static char *pcibus_get_dev_path(DeviceState *dev);
54 static char *pcibus_get_fw_dev_path(DeviceState *dev);
55 static void pcibus_reset(BusState *qbus);
56 
57 static Property pci_props[] = {
58     DEFINE_PROP_PCI_DEVFN("addr", PCIDevice, devfn, -1),
59     DEFINE_PROP_STRING("romfile", PCIDevice, romfile),
60     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("rombar",  PCIDevice, rom_bar, 1),
61     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("multifunction", PCIDevice, cap_present,
62                     QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION_BITNR, false),
63     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("command_serr_enable", PCIDevice, cap_present,
64                     QEMU_PCI_CAP_SERR_BITNR, true),
65     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST()
66 };
67 
68 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_pcibus = {
69     .name = "PCIBUS",
70     .version_id = 1,
71     .minimum_version_id = 1,
72     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
73         VMSTATE_INT32_EQUAL(nirq, PCIBus),
74         VMSTATE_VARRAY_INT32(irq_count, PCIBus,
75                              nirq, 0, vmstate_info_int32,
76                              int32_t),
77         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
78     }
79 };
80 
81 static void pci_init_bus_master(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
82 {
83     AddressSpace *dma_as = pci_device_iommu_address_space(pci_dev);
84 
85     memory_region_init_alias(&pci_dev->bus_master_enable_region,
86                              OBJECT(pci_dev), "bus master",
87                              dma_as->root, 0, memory_region_size(dma_as->root));
88     memory_region_set_enabled(&pci_dev->bus_master_enable_region, false);
89     address_space_init(&pci_dev->bus_master_as,
90                        &pci_dev->bus_master_enable_region, pci_dev->name);
91 }
92 
93 static void pcibus_machine_done(Notifier *notifier, void *data)
94 {
95     PCIBus *bus = container_of(notifier, PCIBus, machine_done);
96     int i;
97 
98     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); ++i) {
99         if (bus->devices[i]) {
100             pci_init_bus_master(bus->devices[i]);
101         }
102     }
103 }
104 
105 static void pci_bus_realize(BusState *qbus, Error **errp)
106 {
107     PCIBus *bus = PCI_BUS(qbus);
108 
109     bus->machine_done.notify = pcibus_machine_done;
110     qemu_add_machine_init_done_notifier(&bus->machine_done);
111 
112     vmstate_register(NULL, -1, &vmstate_pcibus, bus);
113 }
114 
115 static void pci_bus_unrealize(BusState *qbus, Error **errp)
116 {
117     PCIBus *bus = PCI_BUS(qbus);
118 
119     qemu_remove_machine_init_done_notifier(&bus->machine_done);
120 
121     vmstate_unregister(NULL, &vmstate_pcibus, bus);
122 }
123 
124 static bool pcibus_is_root(PCIBus *bus)
125 {
126     return !bus->parent_dev;
127 }
128 
129 static int pcibus_num(PCIBus *bus)
130 {
131     if (pcibus_is_root(bus)) {
132         return 0; /* pci host bridge */
133     }
134     return bus->parent_dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS];
135 }
136 
137 static uint16_t pcibus_numa_node(PCIBus *bus)
138 {
139     return NUMA_NODE_UNASSIGNED;
140 }
141 
142 static void pci_bus_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
143 {
144     BusClass *k = BUS_CLASS(klass);
145     PCIBusClass *pbc = PCI_BUS_CLASS(klass);
146 
147     k->print_dev = pcibus_dev_print;
148     k->get_dev_path = pcibus_get_dev_path;
149     k->get_fw_dev_path = pcibus_get_fw_dev_path;
150     k->realize = pci_bus_realize;
151     k->unrealize = pci_bus_unrealize;
152     k->reset = pcibus_reset;
153 
154     pbc->is_root = pcibus_is_root;
155     pbc->bus_num = pcibus_num;
156     pbc->numa_node = pcibus_numa_node;
157 }
158 
159 static const TypeInfo pci_bus_info = {
160     .name = TYPE_PCI_BUS,
161     .parent = TYPE_BUS,
162     .instance_size = sizeof(PCIBus),
163     .class_size = sizeof(PCIBusClass),
164     .class_init = pci_bus_class_init,
165 };
166 
167 static const TypeInfo pcie_bus_info = {
168     .name = TYPE_PCIE_BUS,
169     .parent = TYPE_PCI_BUS,
170 };
171 
172 static PCIBus *pci_find_bus_nr(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num);
173 static void pci_update_mappings(PCIDevice *d);
174 static void pci_irq_handler(void *opaque, int irq_num, int level);
175 static void pci_add_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev, bool is_default_rom, Error **);
176 static void pci_del_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev);
177 
178 static uint16_t pci_default_sub_vendor_id = PCI_SUBVENDOR_ID_REDHAT_QUMRANET;
179 static uint16_t pci_default_sub_device_id = PCI_SUBDEVICE_ID_QEMU;
180 
181 static QLIST_HEAD(, PCIHostState) pci_host_bridges;
182 
183 int pci_bar(PCIDevice *d, int reg)
184 {
185     uint8_t type;
186 
187     if (reg != PCI_ROM_SLOT)
188         return PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0 + reg * 4;
189 
190     type = d->config[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] & ~PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
191     return type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE ? PCI_ROM_ADDRESS1 : PCI_ROM_ADDRESS;
192 }
193 
194 static inline int pci_irq_state(PCIDevice *d, int irq_num)
195 {
196 	return (d->irq_state >> irq_num) & 0x1;
197 }
198 
199 static inline void pci_set_irq_state(PCIDevice *d, int irq_num, int level)
200 {
201 	d->irq_state &= ~(0x1 << irq_num);
202 	d->irq_state |= level << irq_num;
203 }
204 
205 static void pci_change_irq_level(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int irq_num, int change)
206 {
207     PCIBus *bus;
208     for (;;) {
209         bus = pci_dev->bus;
210         irq_num = bus->map_irq(pci_dev, irq_num);
211         if (bus->set_irq)
212             break;
213         pci_dev = bus->parent_dev;
214     }
215     bus->irq_count[irq_num] += change;
216     bus->set_irq(bus->irq_opaque, irq_num, bus->irq_count[irq_num] != 0);
217 }
218 
219 int pci_bus_get_irq_level(PCIBus *bus, int irq_num)
220 {
221     assert(irq_num >= 0);
222     assert(irq_num < bus->nirq);
223     return !!bus->irq_count[irq_num];
224 }
225 
226 /* Update interrupt status bit in config space on interrupt
227  * state change. */
228 static void pci_update_irq_status(PCIDevice *dev)
229 {
230     if (dev->irq_state) {
231         dev->config[PCI_STATUS] |= PCI_STATUS_INTERRUPT;
232     } else {
233         dev->config[PCI_STATUS] &= ~PCI_STATUS_INTERRUPT;
234     }
235 }
236 
237 void pci_device_deassert_intx(PCIDevice *dev)
238 {
239     int i;
240     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
241         pci_irq_handler(dev, i, 0);
242     }
243 }
244 
245 static void pci_do_device_reset(PCIDevice *dev)
246 {
247     int r;
248 
249     pci_device_deassert_intx(dev);
250     assert(dev->irq_state == 0);
251 
252     /* Clear all writable bits */
253     pci_word_test_and_clear_mask(dev->config + PCI_COMMAND,
254                                  pci_get_word(dev->wmask + PCI_COMMAND) |
255                                  pci_get_word(dev->w1cmask + PCI_COMMAND));
256     pci_word_test_and_clear_mask(dev->config + PCI_STATUS,
257                                  pci_get_word(dev->wmask + PCI_STATUS) |
258                                  pci_get_word(dev->w1cmask + PCI_STATUS));
259     dev->config[PCI_CACHE_LINE_SIZE] = 0x0;
260     dev->config[PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE] = 0x0;
261     for (r = 0; r < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; ++r) {
262         PCIIORegion *region = &dev->io_regions[r];
263         if (!region->size) {
264             continue;
265         }
266 
267         if (!(region->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) &&
268             region->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) {
269             pci_set_quad(dev->config + pci_bar(dev, r), region->type);
270         } else {
271             pci_set_long(dev->config + pci_bar(dev, r), region->type);
272         }
273     }
274     pci_update_mappings(dev);
275 
276     msi_reset(dev);
277     msix_reset(dev);
278 }
279 
280 /*
281  * This function is called on #RST and FLR.
282  * FLR if PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_BCR_FLR is set
283  */
284 void pci_device_reset(PCIDevice *dev)
285 {
286     qdev_reset_all(&dev->qdev);
287     pci_do_device_reset(dev);
288 }
289 
290 /*
291  * Trigger pci bus reset under a given bus.
292  * Called via qbus_reset_all on RST# assert, after the devices
293  * have been reset qdev_reset_all-ed already.
294  */
295 static void pcibus_reset(BusState *qbus)
296 {
297     PCIBus *bus = DO_UPCAST(PCIBus, qbus, qbus);
298     int i;
299 
300     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); ++i) {
301         if (bus->devices[i]) {
302             pci_do_device_reset(bus->devices[i]);
303         }
304     }
305 
306     for (i = 0; i < bus->nirq; i++) {
307         assert(bus->irq_count[i] == 0);
308     }
309 }
310 
311 static void pci_host_bus_register(DeviceState *host)
312 {
313     PCIHostState *host_bridge = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE(host);
314 
315     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pci_host_bridges, host_bridge, next);
316 }
317 
318 PCIBus *pci_find_primary_bus(void)
319 {
320     PCIBus *primary_bus = NULL;
321     PCIHostState *host;
322 
323     QLIST_FOREACH(host, &pci_host_bridges, next) {
324         if (primary_bus) {
325             /* We have multiple root buses, refuse to select a primary */
326             return NULL;
327         }
328         primary_bus = host->bus;
329     }
330 
331     return primary_bus;
332 }
333 
334 PCIBus *pci_device_root_bus(const PCIDevice *d)
335 {
336     PCIBus *bus = d->bus;
337 
338     while (!pci_bus_is_root(bus)) {
339         d = bus->parent_dev;
340         assert(d != NULL);
341 
342         bus = d->bus;
343     }
344 
345     return bus;
346 }
347 
348 const char *pci_root_bus_path(PCIDevice *dev)
349 {
350     PCIBus *rootbus = pci_device_root_bus(dev);
351     PCIHostState *host_bridge = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE(rootbus->qbus.parent);
352     PCIHostBridgeClass *hc = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE_GET_CLASS(host_bridge);
353 
354     assert(host_bridge->bus == rootbus);
355 
356     if (hc->root_bus_path) {
357         return (*hc->root_bus_path)(host_bridge, rootbus);
358     }
359 
360     return rootbus->qbus.name;
361 }
362 
363 static void pci_bus_init(PCIBus *bus, DeviceState *parent,
364                          MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
365                          MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
366                          uint8_t devfn_min)
367 {
368     assert(PCI_FUNC(devfn_min) == 0);
369     bus->devfn_min = devfn_min;
370     bus->address_space_mem = address_space_mem;
371     bus->address_space_io = address_space_io;
372 
373     /* host bridge */
374     QLIST_INIT(&bus->child);
375 
376     pci_host_bus_register(parent);
377 }
378 
379 bool pci_bus_is_express(PCIBus *bus)
380 {
381     return object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(bus), TYPE_PCIE_BUS);
382 }
383 
384 bool pci_bus_is_root(PCIBus *bus)
385 {
386     return PCI_BUS_GET_CLASS(bus)->is_root(bus);
387 }
388 
389 void pci_bus_new_inplace(PCIBus *bus, size_t bus_size, DeviceState *parent,
390                          const char *name,
391                          MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
392                          MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
393                          uint8_t devfn_min, const char *typename)
394 {
395     qbus_create_inplace(bus, bus_size, typename, parent, name);
396     pci_bus_init(bus, parent, address_space_mem, address_space_io, devfn_min);
397 }
398 
399 PCIBus *pci_bus_new(DeviceState *parent, const char *name,
400                     MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
401                     MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
402                     uint8_t devfn_min, const char *typename)
403 {
404     PCIBus *bus;
405 
406     bus = PCI_BUS(qbus_create(typename, parent, name));
407     pci_bus_init(bus, parent, address_space_mem, address_space_io, devfn_min);
408     return bus;
409 }
410 
411 void pci_bus_irqs(PCIBus *bus, pci_set_irq_fn set_irq, pci_map_irq_fn map_irq,
412                   void *irq_opaque, int nirq)
413 {
414     bus->set_irq = set_irq;
415     bus->map_irq = map_irq;
416     bus->irq_opaque = irq_opaque;
417     bus->nirq = nirq;
418     bus->irq_count = g_malloc0(nirq * sizeof(bus->irq_count[0]));
419 }
420 
421 PCIBus *pci_register_bus(DeviceState *parent, const char *name,
422                          pci_set_irq_fn set_irq, pci_map_irq_fn map_irq,
423                          void *irq_opaque,
424                          MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
425                          MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
426                          uint8_t devfn_min, int nirq, const char *typename)
427 {
428     PCIBus *bus;
429 
430     bus = pci_bus_new(parent, name, address_space_mem,
431                       address_space_io, devfn_min, typename);
432     pci_bus_irqs(bus, set_irq, map_irq, irq_opaque, nirq);
433     return bus;
434 }
435 
436 int pci_bus_num(PCIBus *s)
437 {
438     return PCI_BUS_GET_CLASS(s)->bus_num(s);
439 }
440 
441 int pci_bus_numa_node(PCIBus *bus)
442 {
443     return PCI_BUS_GET_CLASS(bus)->numa_node(bus);
444 }
445 
446 static int get_pci_config_device(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size)
447 {
448     PCIDevice *s = container_of(pv, PCIDevice, config);
449     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(s);
450     uint8_t *config;
451     int i;
452 
453     assert(size == pci_config_size(s));
454     config = g_malloc(size);
455 
456     qemu_get_buffer(f, config, size);
457     for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
458         if ((config[i] ^ s->config[i]) &
459             s->cmask[i] & ~s->wmask[i] & ~s->w1cmask[i]) {
460             error_report("%s: Bad config data: i=0x%x read: %x device: %x "
461                          "cmask: %x wmask: %x w1cmask:%x", __func__,
462                          i, config[i], s->config[i],
463                          s->cmask[i], s->wmask[i], s->w1cmask[i]);
464             g_free(config);
465             return -EINVAL;
466         }
467     }
468     memcpy(s->config, config, size);
469 
470     pci_update_mappings(s);
471     if (pc->is_bridge) {
472         PCIBridge *b = PCI_BRIDGE(s);
473         pci_bridge_update_mappings(b);
474     }
475 
476     memory_region_set_enabled(&s->bus_master_enable_region,
477                               pci_get_word(s->config + PCI_COMMAND)
478                               & PCI_COMMAND_MASTER);
479 
480     g_free(config);
481     return 0;
482 }
483 
484 /* just put buffer */
485 static void put_pci_config_device(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size)
486 {
487     const uint8_t **v = pv;
488     assert(size == pci_config_size(container_of(pv, PCIDevice, config)));
489     qemu_put_buffer(f, *v, size);
490 }
491 
492 static VMStateInfo vmstate_info_pci_config = {
493     .name = "pci config",
494     .get  = get_pci_config_device,
495     .put  = put_pci_config_device,
496 };
497 
498 static int get_pci_irq_state(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size)
499 {
500     PCIDevice *s = container_of(pv, PCIDevice, irq_state);
501     uint32_t irq_state[PCI_NUM_PINS];
502     int i;
503     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
504         irq_state[i] = qemu_get_be32(f);
505         if (irq_state[i] != 0x1 && irq_state[i] != 0) {
506             fprintf(stderr, "irq state %d: must be 0 or 1.\n",
507                     irq_state[i]);
508             return -EINVAL;
509         }
510     }
511 
512     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
513         pci_set_irq_state(s, i, irq_state[i]);
514     }
515 
516     return 0;
517 }
518 
519 static void put_pci_irq_state(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size)
520 {
521     int i;
522     PCIDevice *s = container_of(pv, PCIDevice, irq_state);
523 
524     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
525         qemu_put_be32(f, pci_irq_state(s, i));
526     }
527 }
528 
529 static VMStateInfo vmstate_info_pci_irq_state = {
530     .name = "pci irq state",
531     .get  = get_pci_irq_state,
532     .put  = put_pci_irq_state,
533 };
534 
535 const VMStateDescription vmstate_pci_device = {
536     .name = "PCIDevice",
537     .version_id = 2,
538     .minimum_version_id = 1,
539     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
540         VMSTATE_INT32_POSITIVE_LE(version_id, PCIDevice),
541         VMSTATE_BUFFER_UNSAFE_INFO(config, PCIDevice, 0,
542                                    vmstate_info_pci_config,
543                                    PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE),
544         VMSTATE_BUFFER_UNSAFE_INFO(irq_state, PCIDevice, 2,
545 				   vmstate_info_pci_irq_state,
546 				   PCI_NUM_PINS * sizeof(int32_t)),
547         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
548     }
549 };
550 
551 const VMStateDescription vmstate_pcie_device = {
552     .name = "PCIEDevice",
553     .version_id = 2,
554     .minimum_version_id = 1,
555     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
556         VMSTATE_INT32_POSITIVE_LE(version_id, PCIDevice),
557         VMSTATE_BUFFER_UNSAFE_INFO(config, PCIDevice, 0,
558                                    vmstate_info_pci_config,
559                                    PCIE_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE),
560         VMSTATE_BUFFER_UNSAFE_INFO(irq_state, PCIDevice, 2,
561 				   vmstate_info_pci_irq_state,
562 				   PCI_NUM_PINS * sizeof(int32_t)),
563         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
564     }
565 };
566 
567 static inline const VMStateDescription *pci_get_vmstate(PCIDevice *s)
568 {
569     return pci_is_express(s) ? &vmstate_pcie_device : &vmstate_pci_device;
570 }
571 
572 void pci_device_save(PCIDevice *s, QEMUFile *f)
573 {
574     /* Clear interrupt status bit: it is implicit
575      * in irq_state which we are saving.
576      * This makes us compatible with old devices
577      * which never set or clear this bit. */
578     s->config[PCI_STATUS] &= ~PCI_STATUS_INTERRUPT;
579     vmstate_save_state(f, pci_get_vmstate(s), s, NULL);
580     /* Restore the interrupt status bit. */
581     pci_update_irq_status(s);
582 }
583 
584 int pci_device_load(PCIDevice *s, QEMUFile *f)
585 {
586     int ret;
587     ret = vmstate_load_state(f, pci_get_vmstate(s), s, s->version_id);
588     /* Restore the interrupt status bit. */
589     pci_update_irq_status(s);
590     return ret;
591 }
592 
593 static void pci_set_default_subsystem_id(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
594 {
595     pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID,
596                  pci_default_sub_vendor_id);
597     pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID,
598                  pci_default_sub_device_id);
599 }
600 
601 /*
602  * Parse [[<domain>:]<bus>:]<slot>, return -1 on error if funcp == NULL
603  *       [[<domain>:]<bus>:]<slot>.<func>, return -1 on error
604  */
605 static int pci_parse_devaddr(const char *addr, int *domp, int *busp,
606                              unsigned int *slotp, unsigned int *funcp)
607 {
608     const char *p;
609     char *e;
610     unsigned long val;
611     unsigned long dom = 0, bus = 0;
612     unsigned int slot = 0;
613     unsigned int func = 0;
614 
615     p = addr;
616     val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
617     if (e == p)
618 	return -1;
619     if (*e == ':') {
620 	bus = val;
621 	p = e + 1;
622 	val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
623 	if (e == p)
624 	    return -1;
625 	if (*e == ':') {
626 	    dom = bus;
627 	    bus = val;
628 	    p = e + 1;
629 	    val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
630 	    if (e == p)
631 		return -1;
632 	}
633     }
634 
635     slot = val;
636 
637     if (funcp != NULL) {
638         if (*e != '.')
639             return -1;
640 
641         p = e + 1;
642         val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
643         if (e == p)
644             return -1;
645 
646         func = val;
647     }
648 
649     /* if funcp == NULL func is 0 */
650     if (dom > 0xffff || bus > 0xff || slot > 0x1f || func > 7)
651 	return -1;
652 
653     if (*e)
654 	return -1;
655 
656     *domp = dom;
657     *busp = bus;
658     *slotp = slot;
659     if (funcp != NULL)
660         *funcp = func;
661     return 0;
662 }
663 
664 static PCIBus *pci_get_bus_devfn(int *devfnp, PCIBus *root,
665                                  const char *devaddr)
666 {
667     int dom, bus;
668     unsigned slot;
669 
670     if (!root) {
671         fprintf(stderr, "No primary PCI bus\n");
672         return NULL;
673     }
674 
675     assert(!root->parent_dev);
676 
677     if (!devaddr) {
678         *devfnp = -1;
679         return pci_find_bus_nr(root, 0);
680     }
681 
682     if (pci_parse_devaddr(devaddr, &dom, &bus, &slot, NULL) < 0) {
683         return NULL;
684     }
685 
686     if (dom != 0) {
687         fprintf(stderr, "No support for non-zero PCI domains\n");
688         return NULL;
689     }
690 
691     *devfnp = PCI_DEVFN(slot, 0);
692     return pci_find_bus_nr(root, bus);
693 }
694 
695 static void pci_init_cmask(PCIDevice *dev)
696 {
697     pci_set_word(dev->cmask + PCI_VENDOR_ID, 0xffff);
698     pci_set_word(dev->cmask + PCI_DEVICE_ID, 0xffff);
699     dev->cmask[PCI_STATUS] = PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST;
700     dev->cmask[PCI_REVISION_ID] = 0xff;
701     dev->cmask[PCI_CLASS_PROG] = 0xff;
702     pci_set_word(dev->cmask + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE, 0xffff);
703     dev->cmask[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] = 0xff;
704     dev->cmask[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST] = 0xff;
705 }
706 
707 static void pci_init_wmask(PCIDevice *dev)
708 {
709     int config_size = pci_config_size(dev);
710 
711     dev->wmask[PCI_CACHE_LINE_SIZE] = 0xff;
712     dev->wmask[PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE] = 0xff;
713     pci_set_word(dev->wmask + PCI_COMMAND,
714                  PCI_COMMAND_IO | PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY | PCI_COMMAND_MASTER |
715                  PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE);
716     if (dev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_SERR) {
717         pci_word_test_and_set_mask(dev->wmask + PCI_COMMAND, PCI_COMMAND_SERR);
718     }
719 
720     memset(dev->wmask + PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE, 0xff,
721            config_size - PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE);
722 }
723 
724 static void pci_init_w1cmask(PCIDevice *dev)
725 {
726     /*
727      * Note: It's okay to set w1cmask even for readonly bits as
728      * long as their value is hardwired to 0.
729      */
730     pci_set_word(dev->w1cmask + PCI_STATUS,
731                  PCI_STATUS_PARITY | PCI_STATUS_SIG_TARGET_ABORT |
732                  PCI_STATUS_REC_TARGET_ABORT | PCI_STATUS_REC_MASTER_ABORT |
733                  PCI_STATUS_SIG_SYSTEM_ERROR | PCI_STATUS_DETECTED_PARITY);
734 }
735 
736 static void pci_init_mask_bridge(PCIDevice *d)
737 {
738     /* PCI_PRIMARY_BUS, PCI_SECONDARY_BUS, PCI_SUBORDINATE_BUS and
739        PCI_SEC_LETENCY_TIMER */
740     memset(d->wmask + PCI_PRIMARY_BUS, 0xff, 4);
741 
742     /* base and limit */
743     d->wmask[PCI_IO_BASE] = PCI_IO_RANGE_MASK & 0xff;
744     d->wmask[PCI_IO_LIMIT] = PCI_IO_RANGE_MASK & 0xff;
745     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_MEMORY_BASE,
746                  PCI_MEMORY_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
747     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_MEMORY_LIMIT,
748                  PCI_MEMORY_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
749     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_BASE,
750                  PCI_PREF_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
751     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_LIMIT,
752                  PCI_PREF_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
753 
754     /* PCI_PREF_BASE_UPPER32 and PCI_PREF_LIMIT_UPPER32 */
755     memset(d->wmask + PCI_PREF_BASE_UPPER32, 0xff, 8);
756 
757     /* Supported memory and i/o types */
758     d->config[PCI_IO_BASE] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_16;
759     d->config[PCI_IO_LIMIT] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_16;
760     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->config + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_BASE,
761                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_64);
762     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->config + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_LIMIT,
763                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_64);
764 
765     /*
766      * TODO: Bridges default to 10-bit VGA decoding but we currently only
767      * implement 16-bit decoding (no alias support).
768      */
769     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL,
770                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_PARITY |
771                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_SERR |
772                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_ISA |
773                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_VGA |
774                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_VGA_16BIT |
775                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_MASTER_ABORT |
776                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_BUS_RESET |
777                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_FAST_BACK |
778                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_DISCARD |
779                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_SEC_DISCARD |
780                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_DISCARD_SERR);
781     /* Below does not do anything as we never set this bit, put here for
782      * completeness. */
783     pci_set_word(d->w1cmask + PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL,
784                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_DISCARD_STATUS);
785     d->cmask[PCI_IO_BASE] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_MASK;
786     d->cmask[PCI_IO_LIMIT] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_MASK;
787     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->cmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_BASE,
788                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_MASK);
789     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->cmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_LIMIT,
790                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_MASK);
791 }
792 
793 static void pci_init_multifunction(PCIBus *bus, PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
794 {
795     uint8_t slot = PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn);
796     uint8_t func;
797 
798     if (dev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION) {
799         dev->config[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] |= PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
800     }
801 
802     /*
803      * multifunction bit is interpreted in two ways as follows.
804      *   - all functions must set the bit to 1.
805      *     Example: Intel X53
806      *   - function 0 must set the bit, but the rest function (> 0)
807      *     is allowed to leave the bit to 0.
808      *     Example: PIIX3(also in qemu), PIIX4(also in qemu), ICH10,
809      *
810      * So OS (at least Linux) checks the bit of only function 0,
811      * and doesn't see the bit of function > 0.
812      *
813      * The below check allows both interpretation.
814      */
815     if (PCI_FUNC(dev->devfn)) {
816         PCIDevice *f0 = bus->devices[PCI_DEVFN(slot, 0)];
817         if (f0 && !(f0->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION)) {
818             /* function 0 should set multifunction bit */
819             error_setg(errp, "PCI: single function device can't be populated "
820                        "in function %x.%x", slot, PCI_FUNC(dev->devfn));
821             return;
822         }
823         return;
824     }
825 
826     if (dev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION) {
827         return;
828     }
829     /* function 0 indicates single function, so function > 0 must be NULL */
830     for (func = 1; func < PCI_FUNC_MAX; ++func) {
831         if (bus->devices[PCI_DEVFN(slot, func)]) {
832             error_setg(errp, "PCI: %x.0 indicates single function, "
833                        "but %x.%x is already populated.",
834                        slot, slot, func);
835             return;
836         }
837     }
838 }
839 
840 static void pci_config_alloc(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
841 {
842     int config_size = pci_config_size(pci_dev);
843 
844     pci_dev->config = g_malloc0(config_size);
845     pci_dev->cmask = g_malloc0(config_size);
846     pci_dev->wmask = g_malloc0(config_size);
847     pci_dev->w1cmask = g_malloc0(config_size);
848     pci_dev->used = g_malloc0(config_size);
849 }
850 
851 static void pci_config_free(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
852 {
853     g_free(pci_dev->config);
854     g_free(pci_dev->cmask);
855     g_free(pci_dev->wmask);
856     g_free(pci_dev->w1cmask);
857     g_free(pci_dev->used);
858 }
859 
860 static void do_pci_unregister_device(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
861 {
862     pci_dev->bus->devices[pci_dev->devfn] = NULL;
863     pci_config_free(pci_dev);
864 
865     address_space_destroy(&pci_dev->bus_master_as);
866 }
867 
868 /* Extract PCIReqIDCache into BDF format */
869 static uint16_t pci_req_id_cache_extract(PCIReqIDCache *cache)
870 {
871     uint8_t bus_n;
872     uint16_t result;
873 
874     switch (cache->type) {
875     case PCI_REQ_ID_BDF:
876         result = pci_get_bdf(cache->dev);
877         break;
878     case PCI_REQ_ID_SECONDARY_BUS:
879         bus_n = pci_bus_num(cache->dev->bus);
880         result = PCI_BUILD_BDF(bus_n, 0);
881         break;
882     default:
883         error_printf("Invalid PCI requester ID cache type: %d\n",
884                      cache->type);
885         exit(1);
886         break;
887     }
888 
889     return result;
890 }
891 
892 /* Parse bridges up to the root complex and return requester ID
893  * cache for specific device.  For full PCIe topology, the cache
894  * result would be exactly the same as getting BDF of the device.
895  * However, several tricks are required when system mixed up with
896  * legacy PCI devices and PCIe-to-PCI bridges.
897  *
898  * Here we cache the proxy device (and type) not requester ID since
899  * bus number might change from time to time.
900  */
901 static PCIReqIDCache pci_req_id_cache_get(PCIDevice *dev)
902 {
903     PCIDevice *parent;
904     PCIReqIDCache cache = {
905         .dev = dev,
906         .type = PCI_REQ_ID_BDF,
907     };
908 
909     while (!pci_bus_is_root(dev->bus)) {
910         /* We are under PCI/PCIe bridges */
911         parent = dev->bus->parent_dev;
912         if (pci_is_express(parent)) {
913             if (pcie_cap_get_type(parent) == PCI_EXP_TYPE_PCI_BRIDGE) {
914                 /* When we pass through PCIe-to-PCI/PCIX bridges, we
915                  * override the requester ID using secondary bus
916                  * number of parent bridge with zeroed devfn
917                  * (pcie-to-pci bridge spec chap 2.3). */
918                 cache.type = PCI_REQ_ID_SECONDARY_BUS;
919                 cache.dev = dev;
920             }
921         } else {
922             /* Legacy PCI, override requester ID with the bridge's
923              * BDF upstream.  When the root complex connects to
924              * legacy PCI devices (including buses), it can only
925              * obtain requester ID info from directly attached
926              * devices.  If devices are attached under bridges, only
927              * the requester ID of the bridge that is directly
928              * attached to the root complex can be recognized. */
929             cache.type = PCI_REQ_ID_BDF;
930             cache.dev = parent;
931         }
932         dev = parent;
933     }
934 
935     return cache;
936 }
937 
938 uint16_t pci_requester_id(PCIDevice *dev)
939 {
940     return pci_req_id_cache_extract(&dev->requester_id_cache);
941 }
942 
943 /* -1 for devfn means auto assign */
944 static PCIDevice *do_pci_register_device(PCIDevice *pci_dev, PCIBus *bus,
945                                          const char *name, int devfn,
946                                          Error **errp)
947 {
948     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(pci_dev);
949     PCIConfigReadFunc *config_read = pc->config_read;
950     PCIConfigWriteFunc *config_write = pc->config_write;
951     Error *local_err = NULL;
952     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(pci_dev);
953 
954     pci_dev->bus = bus;
955     /* Only pci bridges can be attached to extra PCI root buses */
956     if (pci_bus_is_root(bus) && bus->parent_dev && !pc->is_bridge) {
957         error_setg(errp,
958                    "PCI: Only PCI/PCIe bridges can be plugged into %s",
959                     bus->parent_dev->name);
960         return NULL;
961     }
962 
963     if (devfn < 0) {
964         for(devfn = bus->devfn_min ; devfn < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices);
965             devfn += PCI_FUNC_MAX) {
966             if (!bus->devices[devfn])
967                 goto found;
968         }
969         error_setg(errp, "PCI: no slot/function available for %s, all in use",
970                    name);
971         return NULL;
972     found: ;
973     } else if (bus->devices[devfn]) {
974         error_setg(errp, "PCI: slot %d function %d not available for %s,"
975                    " in use by %s",
976                    PCI_SLOT(devfn), PCI_FUNC(devfn), name,
977                    bus->devices[devfn]->name);
978         return NULL;
979     } else if (dev->hotplugged &&
980                pci_get_function_0(pci_dev)) {
981         error_setg(errp, "PCI: slot %d function 0 already ocuppied by %s,"
982                    " new func %s cannot be exposed to guest.",
983                    PCI_SLOT(devfn),
984                    bus->devices[PCI_DEVFN(PCI_SLOT(devfn), 0)]->name,
985                    name);
986 
987        return NULL;
988     }
989 
990     pci_dev->devfn = devfn;
991     pci_dev->requester_id_cache = pci_req_id_cache_get(pci_dev);
992 
993     if (qdev_hotplug) {
994         pci_init_bus_master(pci_dev);
995     }
996     pstrcpy(pci_dev->name, sizeof(pci_dev->name), name);
997     pci_dev->irq_state = 0;
998     pci_config_alloc(pci_dev);
999 
1000     pci_config_set_vendor_id(pci_dev->config, pc->vendor_id);
1001     pci_config_set_device_id(pci_dev->config, pc->device_id);
1002     pci_config_set_revision(pci_dev->config, pc->revision);
1003     pci_config_set_class(pci_dev->config, pc->class_id);
1004 
1005     if (!pc->is_bridge) {
1006         if (pc->subsystem_vendor_id || pc->subsystem_id) {
1007             pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID,
1008                          pc->subsystem_vendor_id);
1009             pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID,
1010                          pc->subsystem_id);
1011         } else {
1012             pci_set_default_subsystem_id(pci_dev);
1013         }
1014     } else {
1015         /* subsystem_vendor_id/subsystem_id are only for header type 0 */
1016         assert(!pc->subsystem_vendor_id);
1017         assert(!pc->subsystem_id);
1018     }
1019     pci_init_cmask(pci_dev);
1020     pci_init_wmask(pci_dev);
1021     pci_init_w1cmask(pci_dev);
1022     if (pc->is_bridge) {
1023         pci_init_mask_bridge(pci_dev);
1024     }
1025     pci_init_multifunction(bus, pci_dev, &local_err);
1026     if (local_err) {
1027         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1028         do_pci_unregister_device(pci_dev);
1029         return NULL;
1030     }
1031 
1032     if (!config_read)
1033         config_read = pci_default_read_config;
1034     if (!config_write)
1035         config_write = pci_default_write_config;
1036     pci_dev->config_read = config_read;
1037     pci_dev->config_write = config_write;
1038     bus->devices[devfn] = pci_dev;
1039     pci_dev->version_id = 2; /* Current pci device vmstate version */
1040     return pci_dev;
1041 }
1042 
1043 static void pci_unregister_io_regions(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1044 {
1045     PCIIORegion *r;
1046     int i;
1047 
1048     for(i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
1049         r = &pci_dev->io_regions[i];
1050         if (!r->size || r->addr == PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED)
1051             continue;
1052         memory_region_del_subregion(r->address_space, r->memory);
1053     }
1054 
1055     pci_unregister_vga(pci_dev);
1056 }
1057 
1058 static void pci_qdev_unrealize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1059 {
1060     PCIDevice *pci_dev = PCI_DEVICE(dev);
1061     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(pci_dev);
1062 
1063     pci_unregister_io_regions(pci_dev);
1064     pci_del_option_rom(pci_dev);
1065 
1066     if (pc->exit) {
1067         pc->exit(pci_dev);
1068     }
1069 
1070     do_pci_unregister_device(pci_dev);
1071 }
1072 
1073 void pci_register_bar(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int region_num,
1074                       uint8_t type, MemoryRegion *memory)
1075 {
1076     PCIIORegion *r;
1077     uint32_t addr; /* offset in pci config space */
1078     uint64_t wmask;
1079     pcibus_t size = memory_region_size(memory);
1080 
1081     assert(region_num >= 0);
1082     assert(region_num < PCI_NUM_REGIONS);
1083     if (size & (size-1)) {
1084         fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: PCI region size must be pow2 "
1085                     "type=0x%x, size=0x%"FMT_PCIBUS"\n", type, size);
1086         exit(1);
1087     }
1088 
1089     r = &pci_dev->io_regions[region_num];
1090     r->addr = PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1091     r->size = size;
1092     r->type = type;
1093     r->memory = memory;
1094     r->address_space = type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO
1095                         ? pci_dev->bus->address_space_io
1096                         : pci_dev->bus->address_space_mem;
1097 
1098     wmask = ~(size - 1);
1099     if (region_num == PCI_ROM_SLOT) {
1100         /* ROM enable bit is writable */
1101         wmask |= PCI_ROM_ADDRESS_ENABLE;
1102     }
1103 
1104     addr = pci_bar(pci_dev, region_num);
1105     pci_set_long(pci_dev->config + addr, type);
1106 
1107     if (!(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) &&
1108         r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) {
1109         pci_set_quad(pci_dev->wmask + addr, wmask);
1110         pci_set_quad(pci_dev->cmask + addr, ~0ULL);
1111     } else {
1112         pci_set_long(pci_dev->wmask + addr, wmask & 0xffffffff);
1113         pci_set_long(pci_dev->cmask + addr, 0xffffffff);
1114     }
1115 }
1116 
1117 static void pci_update_vga(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1118 {
1119     uint16_t cmd;
1120 
1121     if (!pci_dev->has_vga) {
1122         return;
1123     }
1124 
1125     cmd = pci_get_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_COMMAND);
1126 
1127     memory_region_set_enabled(pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM],
1128                               cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY);
1129     memory_region_set_enabled(pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO],
1130                               cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO);
1131     memory_region_set_enabled(pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI],
1132                               cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO);
1133 }
1134 
1135 void pci_register_vga(PCIDevice *pci_dev, MemoryRegion *mem,
1136                       MemoryRegion *io_lo, MemoryRegion *io_hi)
1137 {
1138     assert(!pci_dev->has_vga);
1139 
1140     assert(memory_region_size(mem) == QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM_SIZE);
1141     pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM] = mem;
1142     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(pci_dev->bus->address_space_mem,
1143                                         QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM_BASE, mem, 1);
1144 
1145     assert(memory_region_size(io_lo) == QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO_SIZE);
1146     pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO] = io_lo;
1147     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(pci_dev->bus->address_space_io,
1148                                         QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO_BASE, io_lo, 1);
1149 
1150     assert(memory_region_size(io_hi) == QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI_SIZE);
1151     pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI] = io_hi;
1152     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(pci_dev->bus->address_space_io,
1153                                         QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI_BASE, io_hi, 1);
1154     pci_dev->has_vga = true;
1155 
1156     pci_update_vga(pci_dev);
1157 }
1158 
1159 void pci_unregister_vga(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1160 {
1161     if (!pci_dev->has_vga) {
1162         return;
1163     }
1164 
1165     memory_region_del_subregion(pci_dev->bus->address_space_mem,
1166                                 pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM]);
1167     memory_region_del_subregion(pci_dev->bus->address_space_io,
1168                                 pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO]);
1169     memory_region_del_subregion(pci_dev->bus->address_space_io,
1170                                 pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI]);
1171     pci_dev->has_vga = false;
1172 }
1173 
1174 pcibus_t pci_get_bar_addr(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int region_num)
1175 {
1176     return pci_dev->io_regions[region_num].addr;
1177 }
1178 
1179 static pcibus_t pci_bar_address(PCIDevice *d,
1180 				int reg, uint8_t type, pcibus_t size)
1181 {
1182     pcibus_t new_addr, last_addr;
1183     int bar = pci_bar(d, reg);
1184     uint16_t cmd = pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_COMMAND);
1185     Object *machine = qdev_get_machine();
1186     ObjectClass *oc = object_get_class(machine);
1187     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
1188     bool allow_0_address = mc->pci_allow_0_address;
1189 
1190     if (type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) {
1191         if (!(cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO)) {
1192             return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1193         }
1194         new_addr = pci_get_long(d->config + bar) & ~(size - 1);
1195         last_addr = new_addr + size - 1;
1196         /* Check if 32 bit BAR wraps around explicitly.
1197          * TODO: make priorities correct and remove this work around.
1198          */
1199         if (last_addr <= new_addr || last_addr >= UINT32_MAX ||
1200             (!allow_0_address && new_addr == 0)) {
1201             return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1202         }
1203         return new_addr;
1204     }
1205 
1206     if (!(cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY)) {
1207         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1208     }
1209     if (type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) {
1210         new_addr = pci_get_quad(d->config + bar);
1211     } else {
1212         new_addr = pci_get_long(d->config + bar);
1213     }
1214     /* the ROM slot has a specific enable bit */
1215     if (reg == PCI_ROM_SLOT && !(new_addr & PCI_ROM_ADDRESS_ENABLE)) {
1216         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1217     }
1218     new_addr &= ~(size - 1);
1219     last_addr = new_addr + size - 1;
1220     /* NOTE: we do not support wrapping */
1221     /* XXX: as we cannot support really dynamic
1222        mappings, we handle specific values as invalid
1223        mappings. */
1224     if (last_addr <= new_addr || last_addr == PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED ||
1225         (!allow_0_address && new_addr == 0)) {
1226         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1227     }
1228 
1229     /* Now pcibus_t is 64bit.
1230      * Check if 32 bit BAR wraps around explicitly.
1231      * Without this, PC ide doesn't work well.
1232      * TODO: remove this work around.
1233      */
1234     if  (!(type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) && last_addr >= UINT32_MAX) {
1235         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1236     }
1237 
1238     /*
1239      * OS is allowed to set BAR beyond its addressable
1240      * bits. For example, 32 bit OS can set 64bit bar
1241      * to >4G. Check it. TODO: we might need to support
1242      * it in the future for e.g. PAE.
1243      */
1244     if (last_addr >= HWADDR_MAX) {
1245         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1246     }
1247 
1248     return new_addr;
1249 }
1250 
1251 static void pci_update_mappings(PCIDevice *d)
1252 {
1253     PCIIORegion *r;
1254     int i;
1255     pcibus_t new_addr;
1256 
1257     for(i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
1258         r = &d->io_regions[i];
1259 
1260         /* this region isn't registered */
1261         if (!r->size)
1262             continue;
1263 
1264         new_addr = pci_bar_address(d, i, r->type, r->size);
1265 
1266         /* This bar isn't changed */
1267         if (new_addr == r->addr)
1268             continue;
1269 
1270         /* now do the real mapping */
1271         if (r->addr != PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED) {
1272             trace_pci_update_mappings_del(d, pci_bus_num(d->bus),
1273                                           PCI_SLOT(d->devfn),
1274                                           PCI_FUNC(d->devfn),
1275                                           i, r->addr, r->size);
1276             memory_region_del_subregion(r->address_space, r->memory);
1277         }
1278         r->addr = new_addr;
1279         if (r->addr != PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED) {
1280             trace_pci_update_mappings_add(d, pci_bus_num(d->bus),
1281                                           PCI_SLOT(d->devfn),
1282                                           PCI_FUNC(d->devfn),
1283                                           i, r->addr, r->size);
1284             memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(r->address_space,
1285                                                 r->addr, r->memory, 1);
1286         }
1287     }
1288 
1289     pci_update_vga(d);
1290 }
1291 
1292 static inline int pci_irq_disabled(PCIDevice *d)
1293 {
1294     return pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_COMMAND) & PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE;
1295 }
1296 
1297 /* Called after interrupt disabled field update in config space,
1298  * assert/deassert interrupts if necessary.
1299  * Gets original interrupt disable bit value (before update). */
1300 static void pci_update_irq_disabled(PCIDevice *d, int was_irq_disabled)
1301 {
1302     int i, disabled = pci_irq_disabled(d);
1303     if (disabled == was_irq_disabled)
1304         return;
1305     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
1306         int state = pci_irq_state(d, i);
1307         pci_change_irq_level(d, i, disabled ? -state : state);
1308     }
1309 }
1310 
1311 uint32_t pci_default_read_config(PCIDevice *d,
1312                                  uint32_t address, int len)
1313 {
1314     uint32_t val = 0;
1315 
1316     memcpy(&val, d->config + address, len);
1317     return le32_to_cpu(val);
1318 }
1319 
1320 void pci_default_write_config(PCIDevice *d, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val_in, int l)
1321 {
1322     int i, was_irq_disabled = pci_irq_disabled(d);
1323     uint32_t val = val_in;
1324 
1325     for (i = 0; i < l; val >>= 8, ++i) {
1326         uint8_t wmask = d->wmask[addr + i];
1327         uint8_t w1cmask = d->w1cmask[addr + i];
1328         assert(!(wmask & w1cmask));
1329         d->config[addr + i] = (d->config[addr + i] & ~wmask) | (val & wmask);
1330         d->config[addr + i] &= ~(val & w1cmask); /* W1C: Write 1 to Clear */
1331     }
1332     if (ranges_overlap(addr, l, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0, 24) ||
1333         ranges_overlap(addr, l, PCI_ROM_ADDRESS, 4) ||
1334         ranges_overlap(addr, l, PCI_ROM_ADDRESS1, 4) ||
1335         range_covers_byte(addr, l, PCI_COMMAND))
1336         pci_update_mappings(d);
1337 
1338     if (range_covers_byte(addr, l, PCI_COMMAND)) {
1339         pci_update_irq_disabled(d, was_irq_disabled);
1340         memory_region_set_enabled(&d->bus_master_enable_region,
1341                                   pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_COMMAND)
1342                                     & PCI_COMMAND_MASTER);
1343     }
1344 
1345     msi_write_config(d, addr, val_in, l);
1346     msix_write_config(d, addr, val_in, l);
1347 }
1348 
1349 /***********************************************************/
1350 /* generic PCI irq support */
1351 
1352 /* 0 <= irq_num <= 3. level must be 0 or 1 */
1353 static void pci_irq_handler(void *opaque, int irq_num, int level)
1354 {
1355     PCIDevice *pci_dev = opaque;
1356     int change;
1357 
1358     change = level - pci_irq_state(pci_dev, irq_num);
1359     if (!change)
1360         return;
1361 
1362     pci_set_irq_state(pci_dev, irq_num, level);
1363     pci_update_irq_status(pci_dev);
1364     if (pci_irq_disabled(pci_dev))
1365         return;
1366     pci_change_irq_level(pci_dev, irq_num, change);
1367 }
1368 
1369 static inline int pci_intx(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1370 {
1371     return pci_get_byte(pci_dev->config + PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN) - 1;
1372 }
1373 
1374 qemu_irq pci_allocate_irq(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1375 {
1376     int intx = pci_intx(pci_dev);
1377 
1378     return qemu_allocate_irq(pci_irq_handler, pci_dev, intx);
1379 }
1380 
1381 void pci_set_irq(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int level)
1382 {
1383     int intx = pci_intx(pci_dev);
1384     pci_irq_handler(pci_dev, intx, level);
1385 }
1386 
1387 /* Special hooks used by device assignment */
1388 void pci_bus_set_route_irq_fn(PCIBus *bus, pci_route_irq_fn route_intx_to_irq)
1389 {
1390     assert(pci_bus_is_root(bus));
1391     bus->route_intx_to_irq = route_intx_to_irq;
1392 }
1393 
1394 PCIINTxRoute pci_device_route_intx_to_irq(PCIDevice *dev, int pin)
1395 {
1396     PCIBus *bus;
1397 
1398     do {
1399          bus = dev->bus;
1400          pin = bus->map_irq(dev, pin);
1401          dev = bus->parent_dev;
1402     } while (dev);
1403 
1404     if (!bus->route_intx_to_irq) {
1405         error_report("PCI: Bug - unimplemented PCI INTx routing (%s)",
1406                      object_get_typename(OBJECT(bus->qbus.parent)));
1407         return (PCIINTxRoute) { PCI_INTX_DISABLED, -1 };
1408     }
1409 
1410     return bus->route_intx_to_irq(bus->irq_opaque, pin);
1411 }
1412 
1413 bool pci_intx_route_changed(PCIINTxRoute *old, PCIINTxRoute *new)
1414 {
1415     return old->mode != new->mode || old->irq != new->irq;
1416 }
1417 
1418 void pci_bus_fire_intx_routing_notifier(PCIBus *bus)
1419 {
1420     PCIDevice *dev;
1421     PCIBus *sec;
1422     int i;
1423 
1424     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); ++i) {
1425         dev = bus->devices[i];
1426         if (dev && dev->intx_routing_notifier) {
1427             dev->intx_routing_notifier(dev);
1428         }
1429     }
1430 
1431     QLIST_FOREACH(sec, &bus->child, sibling) {
1432         pci_bus_fire_intx_routing_notifier(sec);
1433     }
1434 }
1435 
1436 void pci_device_set_intx_routing_notifier(PCIDevice *dev,
1437                                           PCIINTxRoutingNotifier notifier)
1438 {
1439     dev->intx_routing_notifier = notifier;
1440 }
1441 
1442 /*
1443  * PCI-to-PCI bridge specification
1444  * 9.1: Interrupt routing. Table 9-1
1445  *
1446  * the PCI Express Base Specification, Revision 2.1
1447  * 2.2.8.1: INTx interrutp signaling - Rules
1448  *          the Implementation Note
1449  *          Table 2-20
1450  */
1451 /*
1452  * 0 <= pin <= 3 0 = INTA, 1 = INTB, 2 = INTC, 3 = INTD
1453  * 0-origin unlike PCI interrupt pin register.
1454  */
1455 int pci_swizzle_map_irq_fn(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int pin)
1456 {
1457     return (pin + PCI_SLOT(pci_dev->devfn)) % PCI_NUM_PINS;
1458 }
1459 
1460 /***********************************************************/
1461 /* monitor info on PCI */
1462 
1463 typedef struct {
1464     uint16_t class;
1465     const char *desc;
1466     const char *fw_name;
1467     uint16_t fw_ign_bits;
1468 } pci_class_desc;
1469 
1470 static const pci_class_desc pci_class_descriptions[] =
1471 {
1472     { 0x0001, "VGA controller", "display"},
1473     { 0x0100, "SCSI controller", "scsi"},
1474     { 0x0101, "IDE controller", "ide"},
1475     { 0x0102, "Floppy controller", "fdc"},
1476     { 0x0103, "IPI controller", "ipi"},
1477     { 0x0104, "RAID controller", "raid"},
1478     { 0x0106, "SATA controller"},
1479     { 0x0107, "SAS controller"},
1480     { 0x0180, "Storage controller"},
1481     { 0x0200, "Ethernet controller", "ethernet"},
1482     { 0x0201, "Token Ring controller", "token-ring"},
1483     { 0x0202, "FDDI controller", "fddi"},
1484     { 0x0203, "ATM controller", "atm"},
1485     { 0x0280, "Network controller"},
1486     { 0x0300, "VGA controller", "display", 0x00ff},
1487     { 0x0301, "XGA controller"},
1488     { 0x0302, "3D controller"},
1489     { 0x0380, "Display controller"},
1490     { 0x0400, "Video controller", "video"},
1491     { 0x0401, "Audio controller", "sound"},
1492     { 0x0402, "Phone"},
1493     { 0x0403, "Audio controller", "sound"},
1494     { 0x0480, "Multimedia controller"},
1495     { 0x0500, "RAM controller", "memory"},
1496     { 0x0501, "Flash controller", "flash"},
1497     { 0x0580, "Memory controller"},
1498     { 0x0600, "Host bridge", "host"},
1499     { 0x0601, "ISA bridge", "isa"},
1500     { 0x0602, "EISA bridge", "eisa"},
1501     { 0x0603, "MC bridge", "mca"},
1502     { 0x0604, "PCI bridge", "pci-bridge"},
1503     { 0x0605, "PCMCIA bridge", "pcmcia"},
1504     { 0x0606, "NUBUS bridge", "nubus"},
1505     { 0x0607, "CARDBUS bridge", "cardbus"},
1506     { 0x0608, "RACEWAY bridge"},
1507     { 0x0680, "Bridge"},
1508     { 0x0700, "Serial port", "serial"},
1509     { 0x0701, "Parallel port", "parallel"},
1510     { 0x0800, "Interrupt controller", "interrupt-controller"},
1511     { 0x0801, "DMA controller", "dma-controller"},
1512     { 0x0802, "Timer", "timer"},
1513     { 0x0803, "RTC", "rtc"},
1514     { 0x0900, "Keyboard", "keyboard"},
1515     { 0x0901, "Pen", "pen"},
1516     { 0x0902, "Mouse", "mouse"},
1517     { 0x0A00, "Dock station", "dock", 0x00ff},
1518     { 0x0B00, "i386 cpu", "cpu", 0x00ff},
1519     { 0x0c00, "Fireware contorller", "fireware"},
1520     { 0x0c01, "Access bus controller", "access-bus"},
1521     { 0x0c02, "SSA controller", "ssa"},
1522     { 0x0c03, "USB controller", "usb"},
1523     { 0x0c04, "Fibre channel controller", "fibre-channel"},
1524     { 0x0c05, "SMBus"},
1525     { 0, NULL}
1526 };
1527 
1528 static void pci_for_each_device_under_bus(PCIBus *bus,
1529                                           void (*fn)(PCIBus *b, PCIDevice *d,
1530                                                      void *opaque),
1531                                           void *opaque)
1532 {
1533     PCIDevice *d;
1534     int devfn;
1535 
1536     for(devfn = 0; devfn < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); devfn++) {
1537         d = bus->devices[devfn];
1538         if (d) {
1539             fn(bus, d, opaque);
1540         }
1541     }
1542 }
1543 
1544 void pci_for_each_device(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num,
1545                          void (*fn)(PCIBus *b, PCIDevice *d, void *opaque),
1546                          void *opaque)
1547 {
1548     bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, bus_num);
1549 
1550     if (bus) {
1551         pci_for_each_device_under_bus(bus, fn, opaque);
1552     }
1553 }
1554 
1555 static const pci_class_desc *get_class_desc(int class)
1556 {
1557     const pci_class_desc *desc;
1558 
1559     desc = pci_class_descriptions;
1560     while (desc->desc && class != desc->class) {
1561         desc++;
1562     }
1563 
1564     return desc;
1565 }
1566 
1567 static PciDeviceInfoList *qmp_query_pci_devices(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num);
1568 
1569 static PciMemoryRegionList *qmp_query_pci_regions(const PCIDevice *dev)
1570 {
1571     PciMemoryRegionList *head = NULL, *cur_item = NULL;
1572     int i;
1573 
1574     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
1575         const PCIIORegion *r = &dev->io_regions[i];
1576         PciMemoryRegionList *region;
1577 
1578         if (!r->size) {
1579             continue;
1580         }
1581 
1582         region = g_malloc0(sizeof(*region));
1583         region->value = g_malloc0(sizeof(*region->value));
1584 
1585         if (r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) {
1586             region->value->type = g_strdup("io");
1587         } else {
1588             region->value->type = g_strdup("memory");
1589             region->value->has_prefetch = true;
1590             region->value->prefetch = !!(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
1591             region->value->has_mem_type_64 = true;
1592             region->value->mem_type_64 = !!(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64);
1593         }
1594 
1595         region->value->bar = i;
1596         region->value->address = r->addr;
1597         region->value->size = r->size;
1598 
1599         /* XXX: waiting for the qapi to support GSList */
1600         if (!cur_item) {
1601             head = cur_item = region;
1602         } else {
1603             cur_item->next = region;
1604             cur_item = region;
1605         }
1606     }
1607 
1608     return head;
1609 }
1610 
1611 static PciBridgeInfo *qmp_query_pci_bridge(PCIDevice *dev, PCIBus *bus,
1612                                            int bus_num)
1613 {
1614     PciBridgeInfo *info;
1615     PciMemoryRange *range;
1616 
1617     info = g_new0(PciBridgeInfo, 1);
1618 
1619     info->bus = g_new0(PciBusInfo, 1);
1620     info->bus->number = dev->config[PCI_PRIMARY_BUS];
1621     info->bus->secondary = dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS];
1622     info->bus->subordinate = dev->config[PCI_SUBORDINATE_BUS];
1623 
1624     range = info->bus->io_range = g_new0(PciMemoryRange, 1);
1625     range->base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO);
1626     range->limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO);
1627 
1628     range = info->bus->memory_range = g_new0(PciMemoryRange, 1);
1629     range->base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY);
1630     range->limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY);
1631 
1632     range = info->bus->prefetchable_range = g_new0(PciMemoryRange, 1);
1633     range->base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
1634     range->limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
1635 
1636     if (dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS] != 0) {
1637         PCIBus *child_bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS]);
1638         if (child_bus) {
1639             info->has_devices = true;
1640             info->devices = qmp_query_pci_devices(child_bus, dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS]);
1641         }
1642     }
1643 
1644     return info;
1645 }
1646 
1647 static PciDeviceInfo *qmp_query_pci_device(PCIDevice *dev, PCIBus *bus,
1648                                            int bus_num)
1649 {
1650     const pci_class_desc *desc;
1651     PciDeviceInfo *info;
1652     uint8_t type;
1653     int class;
1654 
1655     info = g_new0(PciDeviceInfo, 1);
1656     info->bus = bus_num;
1657     info->slot = PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn);
1658     info->function = PCI_FUNC(dev->devfn);
1659 
1660     info->class_info = g_new0(PciDeviceClass, 1);
1661     class = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
1662     info->class_info->q_class = class;
1663     desc = get_class_desc(class);
1664     if (desc->desc) {
1665         info->class_info->has_desc = true;
1666         info->class_info->desc = g_strdup(desc->desc);
1667     }
1668 
1669     info->id = g_new0(PciDeviceId, 1);
1670     info->id->vendor = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID);
1671     info->id->device = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID);
1672     info->regions = qmp_query_pci_regions(dev);
1673     info->qdev_id = g_strdup(dev->qdev.id ? dev->qdev.id : "");
1674 
1675     if (dev->config[PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN] != 0) {
1676         info->has_irq = true;
1677         info->irq = dev->config[PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE];
1678     }
1679 
1680     type = dev->config[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] & ~PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
1681     if (type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE) {
1682         info->has_pci_bridge = true;
1683         info->pci_bridge = qmp_query_pci_bridge(dev, bus, bus_num);
1684     }
1685 
1686     return info;
1687 }
1688 
1689 static PciDeviceInfoList *qmp_query_pci_devices(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
1690 {
1691     PciDeviceInfoList *info, *head = NULL, *cur_item = NULL;
1692     PCIDevice *dev;
1693     int devfn;
1694 
1695     for (devfn = 0; devfn < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); devfn++) {
1696         dev = bus->devices[devfn];
1697         if (dev) {
1698             info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
1699             info->value = qmp_query_pci_device(dev, bus, bus_num);
1700 
1701             /* XXX: waiting for the qapi to support GSList */
1702             if (!cur_item) {
1703                 head = cur_item = info;
1704             } else {
1705                 cur_item->next = info;
1706                 cur_item = info;
1707             }
1708         }
1709     }
1710 
1711     return head;
1712 }
1713 
1714 static PciInfo *qmp_query_pci_bus(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
1715 {
1716     PciInfo *info = NULL;
1717 
1718     bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, bus_num);
1719     if (bus) {
1720         info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
1721         info->bus = bus_num;
1722         info->devices = qmp_query_pci_devices(bus, bus_num);
1723     }
1724 
1725     return info;
1726 }
1727 
1728 PciInfoList *qmp_query_pci(Error **errp)
1729 {
1730     PciInfoList *info, *head = NULL, *cur_item = NULL;
1731     PCIHostState *host_bridge;
1732 
1733     QLIST_FOREACH(host_bridge, &pci_host_bridges, next) {
1734         info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
1735         info->value = qmp_query_pci_bus(host_bridge->bus,
1736                                         pci_bus_num(host_bridge->bus));
1737 
1738         /* XXX: waiting for the qapi to support GSList */
1739         if (!cur_item) {
1740             head = cur_item = info;
1741         } else {
1742             cur_item->next = info;
1743             cur_item = info;
1744         }
1745     }
1746 
1747     return head;
1748 }
1749 
1750 static const char * const pci_nic_models[] = {
1751     "ne2k_pci",
1752     "i82551",
1753     "i82557b",
1754     "i82559er",
1755     "rtl8139",
1756     "e1000",
1757     "pcnet",
1758     "virtio",
1759     NULL
1760 };
1761 
1762 static const char * const pci_nic_names[] = {
1763     "ne2k_pci",
1764     "i82551",
1765     "i82557b",
1766     "i82559er",
1767     "rtl8139",
1768     "e1000",
1769     "pcnet",
1770     "virtio-net-pci",
1771     NULL
1772 };
1773 
1774 /* Initialize a PCI NIC.  */
1775 PCIDevice *pci_nic_init_nofail(NICInfo *nd, PCIBus *rootbus,
1776                                const char *default_model,
1777                                const char *default_devaddr)
1778 {
1779     const char *devaddr = nd->devaddr ? nd->devaddr : default_devaddr;
1780     Error *err = NULL;
1781     PCIBus *bus;
1782     PCIDevice *pci_dev;
1783     DeviceState *dev;
1784     int devfn;
1785     int i;
1786 
1787     if (qemu_show_nic_models(nd->model, pci_nic_models)) {
1788         exit(0);
1789     }
1790 
1791     i = qemu_find_nic_model(nd, pci_nic_models, default_model);
1792     if (i < 0) {
1793         exit(1);
1794     }
1795 
1796     bus = pci_get_bus_devfn(&devfn, rootbus, devaddr);
1797     if (!bus) {
1798         error_report("Invalid PCI device address %s for device %s",
1799                      devaddr, pci_nic_names[i]);
1800         exit(1);
1801     }
1802 
1803     pci_dev = pci_create(bus, devfn, pci_nic_names[i]);
1804     dev = &pci_dev->qdev;
1805     qdev_set_nic_properties(dev, nd);
1806 
1807     object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(dev), true, "realized", &err);
1808     if (err) {
1809         error_report_err(err);
1810         object_unparent(OBJECT(dev));
1811         exit(1);
1812     }
1813 
1814     return pci_dev;
1815 }
1816 
1817 PCIDevice *pci_vga_init(PCIBus *bus)
1818 {
1819     switch (vga_interface_type) {
1820     case VGA_CIRRUS:
1821         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "cirrus-vga");
1822     case VGA_QXL:
1823         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "qxl-vga");
1824     case VGA_STD:
1825         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "VGA");
1826     case VGA_VMWARE:
1827         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "vmware-svga");
1828     case VGA_VIRTIO:
1829         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "virtio-vga");
1830     case VGA_NONE:
1831     default: /* Other non-PCI types. Checking for unsupported types is already
1832                 done in vl.c. */
1833         return NULL;
1834     }
1835 }
1836 
1837 /* Whether a given bus number is in range of the secondary
1838  * bus of the given bridge device. */
1839 static bool pci_secondary_bus_in_range(PCIDevice *dev, int bus_num)
1840 {
1841     return !(pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL) &
1842              PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_BUS_RESET) /* Don't walk the bus if it's reset. */ &&
1843         dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS] <= bus_num &&
1844         bus_num <= dev->config[PCI_SUBORDINATE_BUS];
1845 }
1846 
1847 /* Whether a given bus number is in a range of a root bus */
1848 static bool pci_root_bus_in_range(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
1849 {
1850     int i;
1851 
1852     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); ++i) {
1853         PCIDevice *dev = bus->devices[i];
1854 
1855         if (dev && PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev)->is_bridge) {
1856             if (pci_secondary_bus_in_range(dev, bus_num)) {
1857                 return true;
1858             }
1859         }
1860     }
1861 
1862     return false;
1863 }
1864 
1865 static PCIBus *pci_find_bus_nr(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
1866 {
1867     PCIBus *sec;
1868 
1869     if (!bus) {
1870         return NULL;
1871     }
1872 
1873     if (pci_bus_num(bus) == bus_num) {
1874         return bus;
1875     }
1876 
1877     /* Consider all bus numbers in range for the host pci bridge. */
1878     if (!pci_bus_is_root(bus) &&
1879         !pci_secondary_bus_in_range(bus->parent_dev, bus_num)) {
1880         return NULL;
1881     }
1882 
1883     /* try child bus */
1884     for (; bus; bus = sec) {
1885         QLIST_FOREACH(sec, &bus->child, sibling) {
1886             if (pci_bus_num(sec) == bus_num) {
1887                 return sec;
1888             }
1889             /* PXB buses assumed to be children of bus 0 */
1890             if (pci_bus_is_root(sec)) {
1891                 if (pci_root_bus_in_range(sec, bus_num)) {
1892                     break;
1893                 }
1894             } else {
1895                 if (pci_secondary_bus_in_range(sec->parent_dev, bus_num)) {
1896                     break;
1897                 }
1898             }
1899         }
1900     }
1901 
1902     return NULL;
1903 }
1904 
1905 void pci_for_each_bus_depth_first(PCIBus *bus,
1906                                   void *(*begin)(PCIBus *bus, void *parent_state),
1907                                   void (*end)(PCIBus *bus, void *state),
1908                                   void *parent_state)
1909 {
1910     PCIBus *sec;
1911     void *state;
1912 
1913     if (!bus) {
1914         return;
1915     }
1916 
1917     if (begin) {
1918         state = begin(bus, parent_state);
1919     } else {
1920         state = parent_state;
1921     }
1922 
1923     QLIST_FOREACH(sec, &bus->child, sibling) {
1924         pci_for_each_bus_depth_first(sec, begin, end, state);
1925     }
1926 
1927     if (end) {
1928         end(bus, state);
1929     }
1930 }
1931 
1932 
1933 PCIDevice *pci_find_device(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num, uint8_t devfn)
1934 {
1935     bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, bus_num);
1936 
1937     if (!bus)
1938         return NULL;
1939 
1940     return bus->devices[devfn];
1941 }
1942 
1943 static void pci_qdev_realize(DeviceState *qdev, Error **errp)
1944 {
1945     PCIDevice *pci_dev = (PCIDevice *)qdev;
1946     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(pci_dev);
1947     Error *local_err = NULL;
1948     PCIBus *bus;
1949     bool is_default_rom;
1950 
1951     /* initialize cap_present for pci_is_express() and pci_config_size() */
1952     if (pc->is_express) {
1953         pci_dev->cap_present |= QEMU_PCI_CAP_EXPRESS;
1954     }
1955 
1956     bus = PCI_BUS(qdev_get_parent_bus(qdev));
1957     pci_dev = do_pci_register_device(pci_dev, bus,
1958                                      object_get_typename(OBJECT(qdev)),
1959                                      pci_dev->devfn, errp);
1960     if (pci_dev == NULL)
1961         return;
1962 
1963     if (pc->realize) {
1964         pc->realize(pci_dev, &local_err);
1965         if (local_err) {
1966             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1967             do_pci_unregister_device(pci_dev);
1968             return;
1969         }
1970     }
1971 
1972     /* rom loading */
1973     is_default_rom = false;
1974     if (pci_dev->romfile == NULL && pc->romfile != NULL) {
1975         pci_dev->romfile = g_strdup(pc->romfile);
1976         is_default_rom = true;
1977     }
1978 
1979     pci_add_option_rom(pci_dev, is_default_rom, &local_err);
1980     if (local_err) {
1981         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1982         pci_qdev_unrealize(DEVICE(pci_dev), NULL);
1983         return;
1984     }
1985 }
1986 
1987 static void pci_default_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
1988 {
1989     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
1990 
1991     if (pc->init) {
1992         if (pc->init(dev) < 0) {
1993             error_setg(errp, "Device initialization failed");
1994             return;
1995         }
1996     }
1997 }
1998 
1999 PCIDevice *pci_create_multifunction(PCIBus *bus, int devfn, bool multifunction,
2000                                     const char *name)
2001 {
2002     DeviceState *dev;
2003 
2004     dev = qdev_create(&bus->qbus, name);
2005     qdev_prop_set_int32(dev, "addr", devfn);
2006     qdev_prop_set_bit(dev, "multifunction", multifunction);
2007     return PCI_DEVICE(dev);
2008 }
2009 
2010 PCIDevice *pci_create_simple_multifunction(PCIBus *bus, int devfn,
2011                                            bool multifunction,
2012                                            const char *name)
2013 {
2014     PCIDevice *dev = pci_create_multifunction(bus, devfn, multifunction, name);
2015     qdev_init_nofail(&dev->qdev);
2016     return dev;
2017 }
2018 
2019 PCIDevice *pci_create(PCIBus *bus, int devfn, const char *name)
2020 {
2021     return pci_create_multifunction(bus, devfn, false, name);
2022 }
2023 
2024 PCIDevice *pci_create_simple(PCIBus *bus, int devfn, const char *name)
2025 {
2026     return pci_create_simple_multifunction(bus, devfn, false, name);
2027 }
2028 
2029 static uint8_t pci_find_space(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t size)
2030 {
2031     int offset = PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE;
2032     int i;
2033     for (i = PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE; i < PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE; ++i) {
2034         if (pdev->used[i])
2035             offset = i + 1;
2036         else if (i - offset + 1 == size)
2037             return offset;
2038     }
2039     return 0;
2040 }
2041 
2042 static uint8_t pci_find_capability_list(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id,
2043                                         uint8_t *prev_p)
2044 {
2045     uint8_t next, prev;
2046 
2047     if (!(pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] & PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST))
2048         return 0;
2049 
2050     for (prev = PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST; (next = pdev->config[prev]);
2051          prev = next + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT)
2052         if (pdev->config[next + PCI_CAP_LIST_ID] == cap_id)
2053             break;
2054 
2055     if (prev_p)
2056         *prev_p = prev;
2057     return next;
2058 }
2059 
2060 static uint8_t pci_find_capability_at_offset(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t offset)
2061 {
2062     uint8_t next, prev, found = 0;
2063 
2064     if (!(pdev->used[offset])) {
2065         return 0;
2066     }
2067 
2068     assert(pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] & PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST);
2069 
2070     for (prev = PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST; (next = pdev->config[prev]);
2071          prev = next + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT) {
2072         if (next <= offset && next > found) {
2073             found = next;
2074         }
2075     }
2076     return found;
2077 }
2078 
2079 /* Patch the PCI vendor and device ids in a PCI rom image if necessary.
2080    This is needed for an option rom which is used for more than one device. */
2081 static void pci_patch_ids(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t *ptr, int size)
2082 {
2083     uint16_t vendor_id;
2084     uint16_t device_id;
2085     uint16_t rom_vendor_id;
2086     uint16_t rom_device_id;
2087     uint16_t rom_magic;
2088     uint16_t pcir_offset;
2089     uint8_t checksum;
2090 
2091     /* Words in rom data are little endian (like in PCI configuration),
2092        so they can be read / written with pci_get_word / pci_set_word. */
2093 
2094     /* Only a valid rom will be patched. */
2095     rom_magic = pci_get_word(ptr);
2096     if (rom_magic != 0xaa55) {
2097         PCI_DPRINTF("Bad ROM magic %04x\n", rom_magic);
2098         return;
2099     }
2100     pcir_offset = pci_get_word(ptr + 0x18);
2101     if (pcir_offset + 8 >= size || memcmp(ptr + pcir_offset, "PCIR", 4)) {
2102         PCI_DPRINTF("Bad PCIR offset 0x%x or signature\n", pcir_offset);
2103         return;
2104     }
2105 
2106     vendor_id = pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID);
2107     device_id = pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID);
2108     rom_vendor_id = pci_get_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 4);
2109     rom_device_id = pci_get_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 6);
2110 
2111     PCI_DPRINTF("%s: ROM id %04x%04x / PCI id %04x%04x\n", pdev->romfile,
2112                 vendor_id, device_id, rom_vendor_id, rom_device_id);
2113 
2114     checksum = ptr[6];
2115 
2116     if (vendor_id != rom_vendor_id) {
2117         /* Patch vendor id and checksum (at offset 6 for etherboot roms). */
2118         checksum += (uint8_t)rom_vendor_id + (uint8_t)(rom_vendor_id >> 8);
2119         checksum -= (uint8_t)vendor_id + (uint8_t)(vendor_id >> 8);
2120         PCI_DPRINTF("ROM checksum %02x / %02x\n", ptr[6], checksum);
2121         ptr[6] = checksum;
2122         pci_set_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 4, vendor_id);
2123     }
2124 
2125     if (device_id != rom_device_id) {
2126         /* Patch device id and checksum (at offset 6 for etherboot roms). */
2127         checksum += (uint8_t)rom_device_id + (uint8_t)(rom_device_id >> 8);
2128         checksum -= (uint8_t)device_id + (uint8_t)(device_id >> 8);
2129         PCI_DPRINTF("ROM checksum %02x / %02x\n", ptr[6], checksum);
2130         ptr[6] = checksum;
2131         pci_set_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 6, device_id);
2132     }
2133 }
2134 
2135 /* Add an option rom for the device */
2136 static void pci_add_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev, bool is_default_rom,
2137                                Error **errp)
2138 {
2139     int size;
2140     char *path;
2141     void *ptr;
2142     char name[32];
2143     const VMStateDescription *vmsd;
2144 
2145     if (!pdev->romfile)
2146         return;
2147     if (strlen(pdev->romfile) == 0)
2148         return;
2149 
2150     if (!pdev->rom_bar) {
2151         /*
2152          * Load rom via fw_cfg instead of creating a rom bar,
2153          * for 0.11 compatibility.
2154          */
2155         int class = pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
2156 
2157         /*
2158          * Hot-plugged devices can't use the option ROM
2159          * if the rom bar is disabled.
2160          */
2161         if (DEVICE(pdev)->hotplugged) {
2162             error_setg(errp, "Hot-plugged device without ROM bar"
2163                        " can't have an option ROM");
2164             return;
2165         }
2166 
2167         if (class == 0x0300) {
2168             rom_add_vga(pdev->romfile);
2169         } else {
2170             rom_add_option(pdev->romfile, -1);
2171         }
2172         return;
2173     }
2174 
2175     path = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, pdev->romfile);
2176     if (path == NULL) {
2177         path = g_strdup(pdev->romfile);
2178     }
2179 
2180     size = get_image_size(path);
2181     if (size < 0) {
2182         error_setg(errp, "failed to find romfile \"%s\"", pdev->romfile);
2183         g_free(path);
2184         return;
2185     } else if (size == 0) {
2186         error_setg(errp, "romfile \"%s\" is empty", pdev->romfile);
2187         g_free(path);
2188         return;
2189     }
2190     size = pow2ceil(size);
2191 
2192     vmsd = qdev_get_vmsd(DEVICE(pdev));
2193 
2194     if (vmsd) {
2195         snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s.rom", vmsd->name);
2196     } else {
2197         snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s.rom", object_get_typename(OBJECT(pdev)));
2198     }
2199     pdev->has_rom = true;
2200     memory_region_init_ram(&pdev->rom, OBJECT(pdev), name, size, &error_fatal);
2201     vmstate_register_ram(&pdev->rom, &pdev->qdev);
2202     ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&pdev->rom);
2203     load_image(path, ptr);
2204     g_free(path);
2205 
2206     if (is_default_rom) {
2207         /* Only the default rom images will be patched (if needed). */
2208         pci_patch_ids(pdev, ptr, size);
2209     }
2210 
2211     pci_register_bar(pdev, PCI_ROM_SLOT, 0, &pdev->rom);
2212 }
2213 
2214 static void pci_del_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev)
2215 {
2216     if (!pdev->has_rom)
2217         return;
2218 
2219     vmstate_unregister_ram(&pdev->rom, &pdev->qdev);
2220     pdev->has_rom = false;
2221 }
2222 
2223 /*
2224  * if offset = 0,
2225  * Find and reserve space and add capability to the linked list
2226  * in pci config space
2227  */
2228 int pci_add_capability(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id,
2229                        uint8_t offset, uint8_t size)
2230 {
2231     int ret;
2232     Error *local_err = NULL;
2233 
2234     ret = pci_add_capability2(pdev, cap_id, offset, size, &local_err);
2235     if (local_err) {
2236         assert(ret < 0);
2237         error_report_err(local_err);
2238     } else {
2239         /* success implies a positive offset in config space */
2240         assert(ret > 0);
2241     }
2242     return ret;
2243 }
2244 
2245 int pci_add_capability2(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id,
2246                        uint8_t offset, uint8_t size,
2247                        Error **errp)
2248 {
2249     uint8_t *config;
2250     int i, overlapping_cap;
2251 
2252     if (!offset) {
2253         offset = pci_find_space(pdev, size);
2254         /* out of PCI config space is programming error */
2255         assert(offset);
2256     } else {
2257         /* Verify that capabilities don't overlap.  Note: device assignment
2258          * depends on this check to verify that the device is not broken.
2259          * Should never trigger for emulated devices, but it's helpful
2260          * for debugging these. */
2261         for (i = offset; i < offset + size; i++) {
2262             overlapping_cap = pci_find_capability_at_offset(pdev, i);
2263             if (overlapping_cap) {
2264                 error_setg(errp, "%s:%02x:%02x.%x "
2265                            "Attempt to add PCI capability %x at offset "
2266                            "%x overlaps existing capability %x at offset %x",
2267                            pci_root_bus_path(pdev), pci_bus_num(pdev->bus),
2268                            PCI_SLOT(pdev->devfn), PCI_FUNC(pdev->devfn),
2269                            cap_id, offset, overlapping_cap, i);
2270                 return -EINVAL;
2271             }
2272         }
2273     }
2274 
2275     config = pdev->config + offset;
2276     config[PCI_CAP_LIST_ID] = cap_id;
2277     config[PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT] = pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST];
2278     pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST] = offset;
2279     pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] |= PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST;
2280     memset(pdev->used + offset, 0xFF, QEMU_ALIGN_UP(size, 4));
2281     /* Make capability read-only by default */
2282     memset(pdev->wmask + offset, 0, size);
2283     /* Check capability by default */
2284     memset(pdev->cmask + offset, 0xFF, size);
2285     return offset;
2286 }
2287 
2288 /* Unlink capability from the pci config space. */
2289 void pci_del_capability(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id, uint8_t size)
2290 {
2291     uint8_t prev, offset = pci_find_capability_list(pdev, cap_id, &prev);
2292     if (!offset)
2293         return;
2294     pdev->config[prev] = pdev->config[offset + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT];
2295     /* Make capability writable again */
2296     memset(pdev->wmask + offset, 0xff, size);
2297     memset(pdev->w1cmask + offset, 0, size);
2298     /* Clear cmask as device-specific registers can't be checked */
2299     memset(pdev->cmask + offset, 0, size);
2300     memset(pdev->used + offset, 0, QEMU_ALIGN_UP(size, 4));
2301 
2302     if (!pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST])
2303         pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] &= ~PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST;
2304 }
2305 
2306 uint8_t pci_find_capability(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id)
2307 {
2308     return pci_find_capability_list(pdev, cap_id, NULL);
2309 }
2310 
2311 static void pcibus_dev_print(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, int indent)
2312 {
2313     PCIDevice *d = (PCIDevice *)dev;
2314     const pci_class_desc *desc;
2315     char ctxt[64];
2316     PCIIORegion *r;
2317     int i, class;
2318 
2319     class = pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
2320     desc = pci_class_descriptions;
2321     while (desc->desc && class != desc->class)
2322         desc++;
2323     if (desc->desc) {
2324         snprintf(ctxt, sizeof(ctxt), "%s", desc->desc);
2325     } else {
2326         snprintf(ctxt, sizeof(ctxt), "Class %04x", class);
2327     }
2328 
2329     monitor_printf(mon, "%*sclass %s, addr %02x:%02x.%x, "
2330                    "pci id %04x:%04x (sub %04x:%04x)\n",
2331                    indent, "", ctxt, pci_bus_num(d->bus),
2332                    PCI_SLOT(d->devfn), PCI_FUNC(d->devfn),
2333                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID),
2334                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID),
2335                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID),
2336                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID));
2337     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
2338         r = &d->io_regions[i];
2339         if (!r->size)
2340             continue;
2341         monitor_printf(mon, "%*sbar %d: %s at 0x%"FMT_PCIBUS
2342                        " [0x%"FMT_PCIBUS"]\n",
2343                        indent, "",
2344                        i, r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO ? "i/o" : "mem",
2345                        r->addr, r->addr + r->size - 1);
2346     }
2347 }
2348 
2349 static char *pci_dev_fw_name(DeviceState *dev, char *buf, int len)
2350 {
2351     PCIDevice *d = (PCIDevice *)dev;
2352     const char *name = NULL;
2353     const pci_class_desc *desc =  pci_class_descriptions;
2354     int class = pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
2355 
2356     while (desc->desc &&
2357           (class & ~desc->fw_ign_bits) !=
2358           (desc->class & ~desc->fw_ign_bits)) {
2359         desc++;
2360     }
2361 
2362     if (desc->desc) {
2363         name = desc->fw_name;
2364     }
2365 
2366     if (name) {
2367         pstrcpy(buf, len, name);
2368     } else {
2369         snprintf(buf, len, "pci%04x,%04x",
2370                  pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID),
2371                  pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID));
2372     }
2373 
2374     return buf;
2375 }
2376 
2377 static char *pcibus_get_fw_dev_path(DeviceState *dev)
2378 {
2379     PCIDevice *d = (PCIDevice *)dev;
2380     char path[50], name[33];
2381     int off;
2382 
2383     off = snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s@%x",
2384                    pci_dev_fw_name(dev, name, sizeof name),
2385                    PCI_SLOT(d->devfn));
2386     if (PCI_FUNC(d->devfn))
2387         snprintf(path + off, sizeof(path) + off, ",%x", PCI_FUNC(d->devfn));
2388     return g_strdup(path);
2389 }
2390 
2391 static char *pcibus_get_dev_path(DeviceState *dev)
2392 {
2393     PCIDevice *d = container_of(dev, PCIDevice, qdev);
2394     PCIDevice *t;
2395     int slot_depth;
2396     /* Path format: Domain:00:Slot.Function:Slot.Function....:Slot.Function.
2397      * 00 is added here to make this format compatible with
2398      * domain:Bus:Slot.Func for systems without nested PCI bridges.
2399      * Slot.Function list specifies the slot and function numbers for all
2400      * devices on the path from root to the specific device. */
2401     const char *root_bus_path;
2402     int root_bus_len;
2403     char slot[] = ":SS.F";
2404     int slot_len = sizeof slot - 1 /* For '\0' */;
2405     int path_len;
2406     char *path, *p;
2407     int s;
2408 
2409     root_bus_path = pci_root_bus_path(d);
2410     root_bus_len = strlen(root_bus_path);
2411 
2412     /* Calculate # of slots on path between device and root. */;
2413     slot_depth = 0;
2414     for (t = d; t; t = t->bus->parent_dev) {
2415         ++slot_depth;
2416     }
2417 
2418     path_len = root_bus_len + slot_len * slot_depth;
2419 
2420     /* Allocate memory, fill in the terminating null byte. */
2421     path = g_malloc(path_len + 1 /* For '\0' */);
2422     path[path_len] = '\0';
2423 
2424     memcpy(path, root_bus_path, root_bus_len);
2425 
2426     /* Fill in slot numbers. We walk up from device to root, so need to print
2427      * them in the reverse order, last to first. */
2428     p = path + path_len;
2429     for (t = d; t; t = t->bus->parent_dev) {
2430         p -= slot_len;
2431         s = snprintf(slot, sizeof slot, ":%02x.%x",
2432                      PCI_SLOT(t->devfn), PCI_FUNC(t->devfn));
2433         assert(s == slot_len);
2434         memcpy(p, slot, slot_len);
2435     }
2436 
2437     return path;
2438 }
2439 
2440 static int pci_qdev_find_recursive(PCIBus *bus,
2441                                    const char *id, PCIDevice **pdev)
2442 {
2443     DeviceState *qdev = qdev_find_recursive(&bus->qbus, id);
2444     if (!qdev) {
2445         return -ENODEV;
2446     }
2447 
2448     /* roughly check if given qdev is pci device */
2449     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(qdev), TYPE_PCI_DEVICE)) {
2450         *pdev = PCI_DEVICE(qdev);
2451         return 0;
2452     }
2453     return -EINVAL;
2454 }
2455 
2456 int pci_qdev_find_device(const char *id, PCIDevice **pdev)
2457 {
2458     PCIHostState *host_bridge;
2459     int rc = -ENODEV;
2460 
2461     QLIST_FOREACH(host_bridge, &pci_host_bridges, next) {
2462         int tmp = pci_qdev_find_recursive(host_bridge->bus, id, pdev);
2463         if (!tmp) {
2464             rc = 0;
2465             break;
2466         }
2467         if (tmp != -ENODEV) {
2468             rc = tmp;
2469         }
2470     }
2471 
2472     return rc;
2473 }
2474 
2475 MemoryRegion *pci_address_space(PCIDevice *dev)
2476 {
2477     return dev->bus->address_space_mem;
2478 }
2479 
2480 MemoryRegion *pci_address_space_io(PCIDevice *dev)
2481 {
2482     return dev->bus->address_space_io;
2483 }
2484 
2485 static void pci_device_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
2486 {
2487     DeviceClass *k = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
2488     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
2489 
2490     k->realize = pci_qdev_realize;
2491     k->unrealize = pci_qdev_unrealize;
2492     k->bus_type = TYPE_PCI_BUS;
2493     k->props = pci_props;
2494     pc->realize = pci_default_realize;
2495 }
2496 
2497 AddressSpace *pci_device_iommu_address_space(PCIDevice *dev)
2498 {
2499     PCIBus *bus = PCI_BUS(dev->bus);
2500     PCIBus *iommu_bus = bus;
2501 
2502     while(iommu_bus && !iommu_bus->iommu_fn && iommu_bus->parent_dev) {
2503         iommu_bus = PCI_BUS(iommu_bus->parent_dev->bus);
2504     }
2505     if (iommu_bus && iommu_bus->iommu_fn) {
2506         return iommu_bus->iommu_fn(bus, iommu_bus->iommu_opaque, dev->devfn);
2507     }
2508     return &address_space_memory;
2509 }
2510 
2511 void pci_setup_iommu(PCIBus *bus, PCIIOMMUFunc fn, void *opaque)
2512 {
2513     bus->iommu_fn = fn;
2514     bus->iommu_opaque = opaque;
2515 }
2516 
2517 static void pci_dev_get_w64(PCIBus *b, PCIDevice *dev, void *opaque)
2518 {
2519     Range *range = opaque;
2520     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
2521     uint16_t cmd = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_COMMAND);
2522     int i;
2523 
2524     if (!(cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY)) {
2525         return;
2526     }
2527 
2528     if (pc->is_bridge) {
2529         pcibus_t base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
2530         pcibus_t limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
2531 
2532         base = MAX(base, 0x1ULL << 32);
2533 
2534         if (limit >= base) {
2535             Range pref_range;
2536             range_set_bounds(&pref_range, base, limit);
2537             range_extend(range, &pref_range);
2538         }
2539     }
2540     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; ++i) {
2541         PCIIORegion *r = &dev->io_regions[i];
2542         pcibus_t lob, upb;
2543         Range region_range;
2544 
2545         if (!r->size ||
2546             (r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) ||
2547             !(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64)) {
2548             continue;
2549         }
2550 
2551         lob = pci_bar_address(dev, i, r->type, r->size);
2552         upb = lob + r->size - 1;
2553         if (lob == PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED) {
2554             continue;
2555         }
2556 
2557         lob = MAX(lob, 0x1ULL << 32);
2558 
2559         if (upb >= lob) {
2560             range_set_bounds(&region_range, lob, upb);
2561             range_extend(range, &region_range);
2562         }
2563     }
2564 }
2565 
2566 void pci_bus_get_w64_range(PCIBus *bus, Range *range)
2567 {
2568     range_make_empty(range);
2569     pci_for_each_device_under_bus(bus, pci_dev_get_w64, range);
2570 }
2571 
2572 static bool pcie_has_upstream_port(PCIDevice *dev)
2573 {
2574     PCIDevice *parent_dev = pci_bridge_get_device(dev->bus);
2575 
2576     /* Device associated with an upstream port.
2577      * As there are several types of these, it's easier to check the
2578      * parent device: upstream ports are always connected to
2579      * root or downstream ports.
2580      */
2581     return parent_dev &&
2582         pci_is_express(parent_dev) &&
2583         parent_dev->exp.exp_cap &&
2584         (pcie_cap_get_type(parent_dev) == PCI_EXP_TYPE_ROOT_PORT ||
2585          pcie_cap_get_type(parent_dev) == PCI_EXP_TYPE_DOWNSTREAM);
2586 }
2587 
2588 PCIDevice *pci_get_function_0(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
2589 {
2590     if(pcie_has_upstream_port(pci_dev)) {
2591         /* With an upstream PCIe port, we only support 1 device at slot 0 */
2592         return pci_dev->bus->devices[0];
2593     } else {
2594         /* Other bus types might support multiple devices at slots 0-31 */
2595         return pci_dev->bus->devices[PCI_DEVFN(PCI_SLOT(pci_dev->devfn), 0)];
2596     }
2597 }
2598 
2599 static const TypeInfo pci_device_type_info = {
2600     .name = TYPE_PCI_DEVICE,
2601     .parent = TYPE_DEVICE,
2602     .instance_size = sizeof(PCIDevice),
2603     .abstract = true,
2604     .class_size = sizeof(PCIDeviceClass),
2605     .class_init = pci_device_class_init,
2606 };
2607 
2608 static void pci_register_types(void)
2609 {
2610     type_register_static(&pci_bus_info);
2611     type_register_static(&pcie_bus_info);
2612     type_register_static(&pci_device_type_info);
2613 }
2614 
2615 type_init(pci_register_types)
2616