xref: /openbmc/qemu/hw/pci/pci.c (revision 40f23e4e)
1 /*
2  * QEMU PCI bus manager
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include "qemu-common.h"
27 #include "qemu/datadir.h"
28 #include "qemu/units.h"
29 #include "hw/irq.h"
30 #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
31 #include "hw/pci/pci_bridge.h"
32 #include "hw/pci/pci_bus.h"
33 #include "hw/pci/pci_host.h"
34 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
35 #include "hw/qdev-properties-system.h"
36 #include "migration/qemu-file-types.h"
37 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
38 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
39 #include "net/net.h"
40 #include "sysemu/numa.h"
41 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
42 #include "hw/loader.h"
43 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
44 #include "qemu/range.h"
45 #include "trace.h"
46 #include "hw/pci/msi.h"
47 #include "hw/pci/msix.h"
48 #include "hw/hotplug.h"
49 #include "hw/boards.h"
50 #include "qapi/error.h"
51 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-pci.h"
52 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
53 
54 //#define DEBUG_PCI
55 #ifdef DEBUG_PCI
56 # define PCI_DPRINTF(format, ...)       printf(format, ## __VA_ARGS__)
57 #else
58 # define PCI_DPRINTF(format, ...)       do { } while (0)
59 #endif
60 
61 bool pci_available = true;
62 
63 static void pcibus_dev_print(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, int indent);
64 static char *pcibus_get_dev_path(DeviceState *dev);
65 static char *pcibus_get_fw_dev_path(DeviceState *dev);
66 static void pcibus_reset(BusState *qbus);
67 
68 static Property pci_props[] = {
69     DEFINE_PROP_PCI_DEVFN("addr", PCIDevice, devfn, -1),
70     DEFINE_PROP_STRING("romfile", PCIDevice, romfile),
71     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("romsize", PCIDevice, romsize, -1),
72     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("rombar",  PCIDevice, rom_bar, 1),
73     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("multifunction", PCIDevice, cap_present,
74                     QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION_BITNR, false),
75     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("x-pcie-lnksta-dllla", PCIDevice, cap_present,
76                     QEMU_PCIE_LNKSTA_DLLLA_BITNR, true),
77     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("x-pcie-extcap-init", PCIDevice, cap_present,
78                     QEMU_PCIE_EXTCAP_INIT_BITNR, true),
79     DEFINE_PROP_STRING("failover_pair_id", PCIDevice,
80                        failover_pair_id),
81     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("acpi-index",  PCIDevice, acpi_index, 0),
82     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST()
83 };
84 
85 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_pcibus = {
86     .name = "PCIBUS",
87     .version_id = 1,
88     .minimum_version_id = 1,
89     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
90         VMSTATE_INT32_EQUAL(nirq, PCIBus, NULL),
91         VMSTATE_VARRAY_INT32(irq_count, PCIBus,
92                              nirq, 0, vmstate_info_int32,
93                              int32_t),
94         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
95     }
96 };
97 
98 static void pci_init_bus_master(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
99 {
100     AddressSpace *dma_as = pci_device_iommu_address_space(pci_dev);
101 
102     memory_region_init_alias(&pci_dev->bus_master_enable_region,
103                              OBJECT(pci_dev), "bus master",
104                              dma_as->root, 0, memory_region_size(dma_as->root));
105     memory_region_set_enabled(&pci_dev->bus_master_enable_region, false);
106     memory_region_add_subregion(&pci_dev->bus_master_container_region, 0,
107                                 &pci_dev->bus_master_enable_region);
108 }
109 
110 static void pcibus_machine_done(Notifier *notifier, void *data)
111 {
112     PCIBus *bus = container_of(notifier, PCIBus, machine_done);
113     int i;
114 
115     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); ++i) {
116         if (bus->devices[i]) {
117             pci_init_bus_master(bus->devices[i]);
118         }
119     }
120 }
121 
122 static void pci_bus_realize(BusState *qbus, Error **errp)
123 {
124     PCIBus *bus = PCI_BUS(qbus);
125 
126     bus->machine_done.notify = pcibus_machine_done;
127     qemu_add_machine_init_done_notifier(&bus->machine_done);
128 
129     vmstate_register(NULL, VMSTATE_INSTANCE_ID_ANY, &vmstate_pcibus, bus);
130 }
131 
132 static void pcie_bus_realize(BusState *qbus, Error **errp)
133 {
134     PCIBus *bus = PCI_BUS(qbus);
135     Error *local_err = NULL;
136 
137     pci_bus_realize(qbus, &local_err);
138     if (local_err) {
139         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
140         return;
141     }
142 
143     /*
144      * A PCI-E bus can support extended config space if it's the root
145      * bus, or if the bus/bridge above it does as well
146      */
147     if (pci_bus_is_root(bus)) {
148         bus->flags |= PCI_BUS_EXTENDED_CONFIG_SPACE;
149     } else {
150         PCIBus *parent_bus = pci_get_bus(bus->parent_dev);
151 
152         if (pci_bus_allows_extended_config_space(parent_bus)) {
153             bus->flags |= PCI_BUS_EXTENDED_CONFIG_SPACE;
154         }
155     }
156 }
157 
158 static void pci_bus_unrealize(BusState *qbus)
159 {
160     PCIBus *bus = PCI_BUS(qbus);
161 
162     qemu_remove_machine_init_done_notifier(&bus->machine_done);
163 
164     vmstate_unregister(NULL, &vmstate_pcibus, bus);
165 }
166 
167 static int pcibus_num(PCIBus *bus)
168 {
169     if (pci_bus_is_root(bus)) {
170         return 0; /* pci host bridge */
171     }
172     return bus->parent_dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS];
173 }
174 
175 static uint16_t pcibus_numa_node(PCIBus *bus)
176 {
177     return NUMA_NODE_UNASSIGNED;
178 }
179 
180 static void pci_bus_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
181 {
182     BusClass *k = BUS_CLASS(klass);
183     PCIBusClass *pbc = PCI_BUS_CLASS(klass);
184 
185     k->print_dev = pcibus_dev_print;
186     k->get_dev_path = pcibus_get_dev_path;
187     k->get_fw_dev_path = pcibus_get_fw_dev_path;
188     k->realize = pci_bus_realize;
189     k->unrealize = pci_bus_unrealize;
190     k->reset = pcibus_reset;
191 
192     pbc->bus_num = pcibus_num;
193     pbc->numa_node = pcibus_numa_node;
194 }
195 
196 static const TypeInfo pci_bus_info = {
197     .name = TYPE_PCI_BUS,
198     .parent = TYPE_BUS,
199     .instance_size = sizeof(PCIBus),
200     .class_size = sizeof(PCIBusClass),
201     .class_init = pci_bus_class_init,
202 };
203 
204 static const TypeInfo pcie_interface_info = {
205     .name          = INTERFACE_PCIE_DEVICE,
206     .parent        = TYPE_INTERFACE,
207 };
208 
209 static const TypeInfo conventional_pci_interface_info = {
210     .name          = INTERFACE_CONVENTIONAL_PCI_DEVICE,
211     .parent        = TYPE_INTERFACE,
212 };
213 
214 static void pcie_bus_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
215 {
216     BusClass *k = BUS_CLASS(klass);
217 
218     k->realize = pcie_bus_realize;
219 }
220 
221 static const TypeInfo pcie_bus_info = {
222     .name = TYPE_PCIE_BUS,
223     .parent = TYPE_PCI_BUS,
224     .class_init = pcie_bus_class_init,
225 };
226 
227 static PCIBus *pci_find_bus_nr(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num);
228 static void pci_update_mappings(PCIDevice *d);
229 static void pci_irq_handler(void *opaque, int irq_num, int level);
230 static void pci_add_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev, bool is_default_rom, Error **);
231 static void pci_del_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev);
232 
233 static uint16_t pci_default_sub_vendor_id = PCI_SUBVENDOR_ID_REDHAT_QUMRANET;
234 static uint16_t pci_default_sub_device_id = PCI_SUBDEVICE_ID_QEMU;
235 
236 static QLIST_HEAD(, PCIHostState) pci_host_bridges;
237 
238 int pci_bar(PCIDevice *d, int reg)
239 {
240     uint8_t type;
241 
242     if (reg != PCI_ROM_SLOT)
243         return PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0 + reg * 4;
244 
245     type = d->config[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] & ~PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
246     return type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE ? PCI_ROM_ADDRESS1 : PCI_ROM_ADDRESS;
247 }
248 
249 static inline int pci_irq_state(PCIDevice *d, int irq_num)
250 {
251         return (d->irq_state >> irq_num) & 0x1;
252 }
253 
254 static inline void pci_set_irq_state(PCIDevice *d, int irq_num, int level)
255 {
256         d->irq_state &= ~(0x1 << irq_num);
257         d->irq_state |= level << irq_num;
258 }
259 
260 static void pci_bus_change_irq_level(PCIBus *bus, int irq_num, int change)
261 {
262     assert(irq_num >= 0);
263     assert(irq_num < bus->nirq);
264     bus->irq_count[irq_num] += change;
265     bus->set_irq(bus->irq_opaque, irq_num, bus->irq_count[irq_num] != 0);
266 }
267 
268 static void pci_change_irq_level(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int irq_num, int change)
269 {
270     PCIBus *bus;
271     for (;;) {
272         bus = pci_get_bus(pci_dev);
273         irq_num = bus->map_irq(pci_dev, irq_num);
274         if (bus->set_irq)
275             break;
276         pci_dev = bus->parent_dev;
277     }
278     pci_bus_change_irq_level(bus, irq_num, change);
279 }
280 
281 int pci_bus_get_irq_level(PCIBus *bus, int irq_num)
282 {
283     assert(irq_num >= 0);
284     assert(irq_num < bus->nirq);
285     return !!bus->irq_count[irq_num];
286 }
287 
288 /* Update interrupt status bit in config space on interrupt
289  * state change. */
290 static void pci_update_irq_status(PCIDevice *dev)
291 {
292     if (dev->irq_state) {
293         dev->config[PCI_STATUS] |= PCI_STATUS_INTERRUPT;
294     } else {
295         dev->config[PCI_STATUS] &= ~PCI_STATUS_INTERRUPT;
296     }
297 }
298 
299 void pci_device_deassert_intx(PCIDevice *dev)
300 {
301     int i;
302     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
303         pci_irq_handler(dev, i, 0);
304     }
305 }
306 
307 static void pci_do_device_reset(PCIDevice *dev)
308 {
309     int r;
310 
311     pci_device_deassert_intx(dev);
312     assert(dev->irq_state == 0);
313 
314     /* Clear all writable bits */
315     pci_word_test_and_clear_mask(dev->config + PCI_COMMAND,
316                                  pci_get_word(dev->wmask + PCI_COMMAND) |
317                                  pci_get_word(dev->w1cmask + PCI_COMMAND));
318     pci_word_test_and_clear_mask(dev->config + PCI_STATUS,
319                                  pci_get_word(dev->wmask + PCI_STATUS) |
320                                  pci_get_word(dev->w1cmask + PCI_STATUS));
321     /* Some devices make bits of PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE read only */
322     pci_byte_test_and_clear_mask(dev->config + PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE,
323                               pci_get_word(dev->wmask + PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE) |
324                               pci_get_word(dev->w1cmask + PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE));
325     dev->config[PCI_CACHE_LINE_SIZE] = 0x0;
326     for (r = 0; r < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; ++r) {
327         PCIIORegion *region = &dev->io_regions[r];
328         if (!region->size) {
329             continue;
330         }
331 
332         if (!(region->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) &&
333             region->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) {
334             pci_set_quad(dev->config + pci_bar(dev, r), region->type);
335         } else {
336             pci_set_long(dev->config + pci_bar(dev, r), region->type);
337         }
338     }
339     pci_update_mappings(dev);
340 
341     msi_reset(dev);
342     msix_reset(dev);
343 }
344 
345 /*
346  * This function is called on #RST and FLR.
347  * FLR if PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_BCR_FLR is set
348  */
349 void pci_device_reset(PCIDevice *dev)
350 {
351     qdev_reset_all(&dev->qdev);
352     pci_do_device_reset(dev);
353 }
354 
355 /*
356  * Trigger pci bus reset under a given bus.
357  * Called via qbus_reset_all on RST# assert, after the devices
358  * have been reset qdev_reset_all-ed already.
359  */
360 static void pcibus_reset(BusState *qbus)
361 {
362     PCIBus *bus = DO_UPCAST(PCIBus, qbus, qbus);
363     int i;
364 
365     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); ++i) {
366         if (bus->devices[i]) {
367             pci_do_device_reset(bus->devices[i]);
368         }
369     }
370 
371     for (i = 0; i < bus->nirq; i++) {
372         assert(bus->irq_count[i] == 0);
373     }
374 }
375 
376 static void pci_host_bus_register(DeviceState *host)
377 {
378     PCIHostState *host_bridge = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE(host);
379 
380     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pci_host_bridges, host_bridge, next);
381 }
382 
383 static void pci_host_bus_unregister(DeviceState *host)
384 {
385     PCIHostState *host_bridge = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE(host);
386 
387     QLIST_REMOVE(host_bridge, next);
388 }
389 
390 PCIBus *pci_device_root_bus(const PCIDevice *d)
391 {
392     PCIBus *bus = pci_get_bus(d);
393 
394     while (!pci_bus_is_root(bus)) {
395         d = bus->parent_dev;
396         assert(d != NULL);
397 
398         bus = pci_get_bus(d);
399     }
400 
401     return bus;
402 }
403 
404 const char *pci_root_bus_path(PCIDevice *dev)
405 {
406     PCIBus *rootbus = pci_device_root_bus(dev);
407     PCIHostState *host_bridge = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE(rootbus->qbus.parent);
408     PCIHostBridgeClass *hc = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE_GET_CLASS(host_bridge);
409 
410     assert(host_bridge->bus == rootbus);
411 
412     if (hc->root_bus_path) {
413         return (*hc->root_bus_path)(host_bridge, rootbus);
414     }
415 
416     return rootbus->qbus.name;
417 }
418 
419 static void pci_root_bus_init(PCIBus *bus, DeviceState *parent,
420                               MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
421                               MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
422                               uint8_t devfn_min)
423 {
424     assert(PCI_FUNC(devfn_min) == 0);
425     bus->devfn_min = devfn_min;
426     bus->slot_reserved_mask = 0x0;
427     bus->address_space_mem = address_space_mem;
428     bus->address_space_io = address_space_io;
429     bus->flags |= PCI_BUS_IS_ROOT;
430 
431     /* host bridge */
432     QLIST_INIT(&bus->child);
433 
434     pci_host_bus_register(parent);
435 }
436 
437 static void pci_bus_uninit(PCIBus *bus)
438 {
439     pci_host_bus_unregister(BUS(bus)->parent);
440 }
441 
442 bool pci_bus_is_express(PCIBus *bus)
443 {
444     return object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(bus), TYPE_PCIE_BUS);
445 }
446 
447 void pci_root_bus_new_inplace(PCIBus *bus, size_t bus_size, DeviceState *parent,
448                               const char *name,
449                               MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
450                               MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
451                               uint8_t devfn_min, const char *typename)
452 {
453     qbus_create_inplace(bus, bus_size, typename, parent, name);
454     pci_root_bus_init(bus, parent, address_space_mem, address_space_io,
455                       devfn_min);
456 }
457 
458 PCIBus *pci_root_bus_new(DeviceState *parent, const char *name,
459                          MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
460                          MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
461                          uint8_t devfn_min, const char *typename)
462 {
463     PCIBus *bus;
464 
465     bus = PCI_BUS(qbus_create(typename, parent, name));
466     pci_root_bus_init(bus, parent, address_space_mem, address_space_io,
467                       devfn_min);
468     return bus;
469 }
470 
471 void pci_root_bus_cleanup(PCIBus *bus)
472 {
473     pci_bus_uninit(bus);
474     /* the caller of the unplug hotplug handler will delete this device */
475     qbus_unrealize(BUS(bus));
476 }
477 
478 void pci_bus_irqs(PCIBus *bus, pci_set_irq_fn set_irq, pci_map_irq_fn map_irq,
479                   void *irq_opaque, int nirq)
480 {
481     bus->set_irq = set_irq;
482     bus->map_irq = map_irq;
483     bus->irq_opaque = irq_opaque;
484     bus->nirq = nirq;
485     bus->irq_count = g_malloc0(nirq * sizeof(bus->irq_count[0]));
486 }
487 
488 void pci_bus_irqs_cleanup(PCIBus *bus)
489 {
490     bus->set_irq = NULL;
491     bus->map_irq = NULL;
492     bus->irq_opaque = NULL;
493     bus->nirq = 0;
494     g_free(bus->irq_count);
495 }
496 
497 PCIBus *pci_register_root_bus(DeviceState *parent, const char *name,
498                               pci_set_irq_fn set_irq, pci_map_irq_fn map_irq,
499                               void *irq_opaque,
500                               MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
501                               MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
502                               uint8_t devfn_min, int nirq,
503                               const char *typename)
504 {
505     PCIBus *bus;
506 
507     bus = pci_root_bus_new(parent, name, address_space_mem,
508                            address_space_io, devfn_min, typename);
509     pci_bus_irqs(bus, set_irq, map_irq, irq_opaque, nirq);
510     return bus;
511 }
512 
513 void pci_unregister_root_bus(PCIBus *bus)
514 {
515     pci_bus_irqs_cleanup(bus);
516     pci_root_bus_cleanup(bus);
517 }
518 
519 int pci_bus_num(PCIBus *s)
520 {
521     return PCI_BUS_GET_CLASS(s)->bus_num(s);
522 }
523 
524 int pci_bus_numa_node(PCIBus *bus)
525 {
526     return PCI_BUS_GET_CLASS(bus)->numa_node(bus);
527 }
528 
529 static int get_pci_config_device(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size,
530                                  const VMStateField *field)
531 {
532     PCIDevice *s = container_of(pv, PCIDevice, config);
533     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(s);
534     uint8_t *config;
535     int i;
536 
537     assert(size == pci_config_size(s));
538     config = g_malloc(size);
539 
540     qemu_get_buffer(f, config, size);
541     for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
542         if ((config[i] ^ s->config[i]) &
543             s->cmask[i] & ~s->wmask[i] & ~s->w1cmask[i]) {
544             error_report("%s: Bad config data: i=0x%x read: %x device: %x "
545                          "cmask: %x wmask: %x w1cmask:%x", __func__,
546                          i, config[i], s->config[i],
547                          s->cmask[i], s->wmask[i], s->w1cmask[i]);
548             g_free(config);
549             return -EINVAL;
550         }
551     }
552     memcpy(s->config, config, size);
553 
554     pci_update_mappings(s);
555     if (pc->is_bridge) {
556         PCIBridge *b = PCI_BRIDGE(s);
557         pci_bridge_update_mappings(b);
558     }
559 
560     memory_region_set_enabled(&s->bus_master_enable_region,
561                               pci_get_word(s->config + PCI_COMMAND)
562                               & PCI_COMMAND_MASTER);
563 
564     g_free(config);
565     return 0;
566 }
567 
568 /* just put buffer */
569 static int put_pci_config_device(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size,
570                                  const VMStateField *field, JSONWriter *vmdesc)
571 {
572     const uint8_t **v = pv;
573     assert(size == pci_config_size(container_of(pv, PCIDevice, config)));
574     qemu_put_buffer(f, *v, size);
575 
576     return 0;
577 }
578 
579 static VMStateInfo vmstate_info_pci_config = {
580     .name = "pci config",
581     .get  = get_pci_config_device,
582     .put  = put_pci_config_device,
583 };
584 
585 static int get_pci_irq_state(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size,
586                              const VMStateField *field)
587 {
588     PCIDevice *s = container_of(pv, PCIDevice, irq_state);
589     uint32_t irq_state[PCI_NUM_PINS];
590     int i;
591     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
592         irq_state[i] = qemu_get_be32(f);
593         if (irq_state[i] != 0x1 && irq_state[i] != 0) {
594             fprintf(stderr, "irq state %d: must be 0 or 1.\n",
595                     irq_state[i]);
596             return -EINVAL;
597         }
598     }
599 
600     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
601         pci_set_irq_state(s, i, irq_state[i]);
602     }
603 
604     return 0;
605 }
606 
607 static int put_pci_irq_state(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size,
608                              const VMStateField *field, JSONWriter *vmdesc)
609 {
610     int i;
611     PCIDevice *s = container_of(pv, PCIDevice, irq_state);
612 
613     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
614         qemu_put_be32(f, pci_irq_state(s, i));
615     }
616 
617     return 0;
618 }
619 
620 static VMStateInfo vmstate_info_pci_irq_state = {
621     .name = "pci irq state",
622     .get  = get_pci_irq_state,
623     .put  = put_pci_irq_state,
624 };
625 
626 static bool migrate_is_pcie(void *opaque, int version_id)
627 {
628     return pci_is_express((PCIDevice *)opaque);
629 }
630 
631 static bool migrate_is_not_pcie(void *opaque, int version_id)
632 {
633     return !pci_is_express((PCIDevice *)opaque);
634 }
635 
636 const VMStateDescription vmstate_pci_device = {
637     .name = "PCIDevice",
638     .version_id = 2,
639     .minimum_version_id = 1,
640     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
641         VMSTATE_INT32_POSITIVE_LE(version_id, PCIDevice),
642         VMSTATE_BUFFER_UNSAFE_INFO_TEST(config, PCIDevice,
643                                    migrate_is_not_pcie,
644                                    0, vmstate_info_pci_config,
645                                    PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE),
646         VMSTATE_BUFFER_UNSAFE_INFO_TEST(config, PCIDevice,
647                                    migrate_is_pcie,
648                                    0, vmstate_info_pci_config,
649                                    PCIE_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE),
650         VMSTATE_BUFFER_UNSAFE_INFO(irq_state, PCIDevice, 2,
651                                    vmstate_info_pci_irq_state,
652                                    PCI_NUM_PINS * sizeof(int32_t)),
653         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
654     }
655 };
656 
657 
658 void pci_device_save(PCIDevice *s, QEMUFile *f)
659 {
660     /* Clear interrupt status bit: it is implicit
661      * in irq_state which we are saving.
662      * This makes us compatible with old devices
663      * which never set or clear this bit. */
664     s->config[PCI_STATUS] &= ~PCI_STATUS_INTERRUPT;
665     vmstate_save_state(f, &vmstate_pci_device, s, NULL);
666     /* Restore the interrupt status bit. */
667     pci_update_irq_status(s);
668 }
669 
670 int pci_device_load(PCIDevice *s, QEMUFile *f)
671 {
672     int ret;
673     ret = vmstate_load_state(f, &vmstate_pci_device, s, s->version_id);
674     /* Restore the interrupt status bit. */
675     pci_update_irq_status(s);
676     return ret;
677 }
678 
679 static void pci_set_default_subsystem_id(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
680 {
681     pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID,
682                  pci_default_sub_vendor_id);
683     pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID,
684                  pci_default_sub_device_id);
685 }
686 
687 /*
688  * Parse [[<domain>:]<bus>:]<slot>, return -1 on error if funcp == NULL
689  *       [[<domain>:]<bus>:]<slot>.<func>, return -1 on error
690  */
691 static int pci_parse_devaddr(const char *addr, int *domp, int *busp,
692                              unsigned int *slotp, unsigned int *funcp)
693 {
694     const char *p;
695     char *e;
696     unsigned long val;
697     unsigned long dom = 0, bus = 0;
698     unsigned int slot = 0;
699     unsigned int func = 0;
700 
701     p = addr;
702     val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
703     if (e == p)
704         return -1;
705     if (*e == ':') {
706         bus = val;
707         p = e + 1;
708         val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
709         if (e == p)
710             return -1;
711         if (*e == ':') {
712             dom = bus;
713             bus = val;
714             p = e + 1;
715             val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
716             if (e == p)
717                 return -1;
718         }
719     }
720 
721     slot = val;
722 
723     if (funcp != NULL) {
724         if (*e != '.')
725             return -1;
726 
727         p = e + 1;
728         val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
729         if (e == p)
730             return -1;
731 
732         func = val;
733     }
734 
735     /* if funcp == NULL func is 0 */
736     if (dom > 0xffff || bus > 0xff || slot > 0x1f || func > 7)
737         return -1;
738 
739     if (*e)
740         return -1;
741 
742     *domp = dom;
743     *busp = bus;
744     *slotp = slot;
745     if (funcp != NULL)
746         *funcp = func;
747     return 0;
748 }
749 
750 static void pci_init_cmask(PCIDevice *dev)
751 {
752     pci_set_word(dev->cmask + PCI_VENDOR_ID, 0xffff);
753     pci_set_word(dev->cmask + PCI_DEVICE_ID, 0xffff);
754     dev->cmask[PCI_STATUS] = PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST;
755     dev->cmask[PCI_REVISION_ID] = 0xff;
756     dev->cmask[PCI_CLASS_PROG] = 0xff;
757     pci_set_word(dev->cmask + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE, 0xffff);
758     dev->cmask[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] = 0xff;
759     dev->cmask[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST] = 0xff;
760 }
761 
762 static void pci_init_wmask(PCIDevice *dev)
763 {
764     int config_size = pci_config_size(dev);
765 
766     dev->wmask[PCI_CACHE_LINE_SIZE] = 0xff;
767     dev->wmask[PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE] = 0xff;
768     pci_set_word(dev->wmask + PCI_COMMAND,
769                  PCI_COMMAND_IO | PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY | PCI_COMMAND_MASTER |
770                  PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE);
771     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(dev->wmask + PCI_COMMAND, PCI_COMMAND_SERR);
772 
773     memset(dev->wmask + PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE, 0xff,
774            config_size - PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE);
775 }
776 
777 static void pci_init_w1cmask(PCIDevice *dev)
778 {
779     /*
780      * Note: It's okay to set w1cmask even for readonly bits as
781      * long as their value is hardwired to 0.
782      */
783     pci_set_word(dev->w1cmask + PCI_STATUS,
784                  PCI_STATUS_PARITY | PCI_STATUS_SIG_TARGET_ABORT |
785                  PCI_STATUS_REC_TARGET_ABORT | PCI_STATUS_REC_MASTER_ABORT |
786                  PCI_STATUS_SIG_SYSTEM_ERROR | PCI_STATUS_DETECTED_PARITY);
787 }
788 
789 static void pci_init_mask_bridge(PCIDevice *d)
790 {
791     /* PCI_PRIMARY_BUS, PCI_SECONDARY_BUS, PCI_SUBORDINATE_BUS and
792        PCI_SEC_LETENCY_TIMER */
793     memset(d->wmask + PCI_PRIMARY_BUS, 0xff, 4);
794 
795     /* base and limit */
796     d->wmask[PCI_IO_BASE] = PCI_IO_RANGE_MASK & 0xff;
797     d->wmask[PCI_IO_LIMIT] = PCI_IO_RANGE_MASK & 0xff;
798     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_MEMORY_BASE,
799                  PCI_MEMORY_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
800     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_MEMORY_LIMIT,
801                  PCI_MEMORY_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
802     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_BASE,
803                  PCI_PREF_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
804     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_LIMIT,
805                  PCI_PREF_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
806 
807     /* PCI_PREF_BASE_UPPER32 and PCI_PREF_LIMIT_UPPER32 */
808     memset(d->wmask + PCI_PREF_BASE_UPPER32, 0xff, 8);
809 
810     /* Supported memory and i/o types */
811     d->config[PCI_IO_BASE] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_16;
812     d->config[PCI_IO_LIMIT] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_16;
813     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->config + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_BASE,
814                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_64);
815     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->config + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_LIMIT,
816                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_64);
817 
818     /*
819      * TODO: Bridges default to 10-bit VGA decoding but we currently only
820      * implement 16-bit decoding (no alias support).
821      */
822     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL,
823                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_PARITY |
824                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_SERR |
825                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_ISA |
826                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_VGA |
827                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_VGA_16BIT |
828                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_MASTER_ABORT |
829                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_BUS_RESET |
830                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_FAST_BACK |
831                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_DISCARD |
832                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_SEC_DISCARD |
833                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_DISCARD_SERR);
834     /* Below does not do anything as we never set this bit, put here for
835      * completeness. */
836     pci_set_word(d->w1cmask + PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL,
837                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_DISCARD_STATUS);
838     d->cmask[PCI_IO_BASE] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_MASK;
839     d->cmask[PCI_IO_LIMIT] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_MASK;
840     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->cmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_BASE,
841                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_MASK);
842     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->cmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_LIMIT,
843                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_MASK);
844 }
845 
846 static void pci_init_multifunction(PCIBus *bus, PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
847 {
848     uint8_t slot = PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn);
849     uint8_t func;
850 
851     if (dev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION) {
852         dev->config[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] |= PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
853     }
854 
855     /*
856      * multifunction bit is interpreted in two ways as follows.
857      *   - all functions must set the bit to 1.
858      *     Example: Intel X53
859      *   - function 0 must set the bit, but the rest function (> 0)
860      *     is allowed to leave the bit to 0.
861      *     Example: PIIX3(also in qemu), PIIX4(also in qemu), ICH10,
862      *
863      * So OS (at least Linux) checks the bit of only function 0,
864      * and doesn't see the bit of function > 0.
865      *
866      * The below check allows both interpretation.
867      */
868     if (PCI_FUNC(dev->devfn)) {
869         PCIDevice *f0 = bus->devices[PCI_DEVFN(slot, 0)];
870         if (f0 && !(f0->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION)) {
871             /* function 0 should set multifunction bit */
872             error_setg(errp, "PCI: single function device can't be populated "
873                        "in function %x.%x", slot, PCI_FUNC(dev->devfn));
874             return;
875         }
876         return;
877     }
878 
879     if (dev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION) {
880         return;
881     }
882     /* function 0 indicates single function, so function > 0 must be NULL */
883     for (func = 1; func < PCI_FUNC_MAX; ++func) {
884         if (bus->devices[PCI_DEVFN(slot, func)]) {
885             error_setg(errp, "PCI: %x.0 indicates single function, "
886                        "but %x.%x is already populated.",
887                        slot, slot, func);
888             return;
889         }
890     }
891 }
892 
893 static void pci_config_alloc(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
894 {
895     int config_size = pci_config_size(pci_dev);
896 
897     pci_dev->config = g_malloc0(config_size);
898     pci_dev->cmask = g_malloc0(config_size);
899     pci_dev->wmask = g_malloc0(config_size);
900     pci_dev->w1cmask = g_malloc0(config_size);
901     pci_dev->used = g_malloc0(config_size);
902 }
903 
904 static void pci_config_free(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
905 {
906     g_free(pci_dev->config);
907     g_free(pci_dev->cmask);
908     g_free(pci_dev->wmask);
909     g_free(pci_dev->w1cmask);
910     g_free(pci_dev->used);
911 }
912 
913 static void do_pci_unregister_device(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
914 {
915     pci_get_bus(pci_dev)->devices[pci_dev->devfn] = NULL;
916     pci_config_free(pci_dev);
917 
918     if (memory_region_is_mapped(&pci_dev->bus_master_enable_region)) {
919         memory_region_del_subregion(&pci_dev->bus_master_container_region,
920                                     &pci_dev->bus_master_enable_region);
921     }
922     address_space_destroy(&pci_dev->bus_master_as);
923 }
924 
925 /* Extract PCIReqIDCache into BDF format */
926 static uint16_t pci_req_id_cache_extract(PCIReqIDCache *cache)
927 {
928     uint8_t bus_n;
929     uint16_t result;
930 
931     switch (cache->type) {
932     case PCI_REQ_ID_BDF:
933         result = pci_get_bdf(cache->dev);
934         break;
935     case PCI_REQ_ID_SECONDARY_BUS:
936         bus_n = pci_dev_bus_num(cache->dev);
937         result = PCI_BUILD_BDF(bus_n, 0);
938         break;
939     default:
940         error_report("Invalid PCI requester ID cache type: %d",
941                      cache->type);
942         exit(1);
943         break;
944     }
945 
946     return result;
947 }
948 
949 /* Parse bridges up to the root complex and return requester ID
950  * cache for specific device.  For full PCIe topology, the cache
951  * result would be exactly the same as getting BDF of the device.
952  * However, several tricks are required when system mixed up with
953  * legacy PCI devices and PCIe-to-PCI bridges.
954  *
955  * Here we cache the proxy device (and type) not requester ID since
956  * bus number might change from time to time.
957  */
958 static PCIReqIDCache pci_req_id_cache_get(PCIDevice *dev)
959 {
960     PCIDevice *parent;
961     PCIReqIDCache cache = {
962         .dev = dev,
963         .type = PCI_REQ_ID_BDF,
964     };
965 
966     while (!pci_bus_is_root(pci_get_bus(dev))) {
967         /* We are under PCI/PCIe bridges */
968         parent = pci_get_bus(dev)->parent_dev;
969         if (pci_is_express(parent)) {
970             if (pcie_cap_get_type(parent) == PCI_EXP_TYPE_PCI_BRIDGE) {
971                 /* When we pass through PCIe-to-PCI/PCIX bridges, we
972                  * override the requester ID using secondary bus
973                  * number of parent bridge with zeroed devfn
974                  * (pcie-to-pci bridge spec chap 2.3). */
975                 cache.type = PCI_REQ_ID_SECONDARY_BUS;
976                 cache.dev = dev;
977             }
978         } else {
979             /* Legacy PCI, override requester ID with the bridge's
980              * BDF upstream.  When the root complex connects to
981              * legacy PCI devices (including buses), it can only
982              * obtain requester ID info from directly attached
983              * devices.  If devices are attached under bridges, only
984              * the requester ID of the bridge that is directly
985              * attached to the root complex can be recognized. */
986             cache.type = PCI_REQ_ID_BDF;
987             cache.dev = parent;
988         }
989         dev = parent;
990     }
991 
992     return cache;
993 }
994 
995 uint16_t pci_requester_id(PCIDevice *dev)
996 {
997     return pci_req_id_cache_extract(&dev->requester_id_cache);
998 }
999 
1000 static bool pci_bus_devfn_available(PCIBus *bus, int devfn)
1001 {
1002     return !(bus->devices[devfn]);
1003 }
1004 
1005 static bool pci_bus_devfn_reserved(PCIBus *bus, int devfn)
1006 {
1007     return bus->slot_reserved_mask & (1UL << PCI_SLOT(devfn));
1008 }
1009 
1010 /* -1 for devfn means auto assign */
1011 static PCIDevice *do_pci_register_device(PCIDevice *pci_dev,
1012                                          const char *name, int devfn,
1013                                          Error **errp)
1014 {
1015     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(pci_dev);
1016     PCIConfigReadFunc *config_read = pc->config_read;
1017     PCIConfigWriteFunc *config_write = pc->config_write;
1018     Error *local_err = NULL;
1019     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(pci_dev);
1020     PCIBus *bus = pci_get_bus(pci_dev);
1021 
1022     /* Only pci bridges can be attached to extra PCI root buses */
1023     if (pci_bus_is_root(bus) && bus->parent_dev && !pc->is_bridge) {
1024         error_setg(errp,
1025                    "PCI: Only PCI/PCIe bridges can be plugged into %s",
1026                     bus->parent_dev->name);
1027         return NULL;
1028     }
1029 
1030     if (devfn < 0) {
1031         for(devfn = bus->devfn_min ; devfn < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices);
1032             devfn += PCI_FUNC_MAX) {
1033             if (pci_bus_devfn_available(bus, devfn) &&
1034                    !pci_bus_devfn_reserved(bus, devfn)) {
1035                 goto found;
1036             }
1037         }
1038         error_setg(errp, "PCI: no slot/function available for %s, all in use "
1039                    "or reserved", name);
1040         return NULL;
1041     found: ;
1042     } else if (pci_bus_devfn_reserved(bus, devfn)) {
1043         error_setg(errp, "PCI: slot %d function %d not available for %s,"
1044                    " reserved",
1045                    PCI_SLOT(devfn), PCI_FUNC(devfn), name);
1046         return NULL;
1047     } else if (!pci_bus_devfn_available(bus, devfn)) {
1048         error_setg(errp, "PCI: slot %d function %d not available for %s,"
1049                    " in use by %s",
1050                    PCI_SLOT(devfn), PCI_FUNC(devfn), name,
1051                    bus->devices[devfn]->name);
1052         return NULL;
1053     } else if (dev->hotplugged &&
1054                pci_get_function_0(pci_dev)) {
1055         error_setg(errp, "PCI: slot %d function 0 already occupied by %s,"
1056                    " new func %s cannot be exposed to guest.",
1057                    PCI_SLOT(pci_get_function_0(pci_dev)->devfn),
1058                    pci_get_function_0(pci_dev)->name,
1059                    name);
1060 
1061        return NULL;
1062     }
1063 
1064     pci_dev->devfn = devfn;
1065     pci_dev->requester_id_cache = pci_req_id_cache_get(pci_dev);
1066     pstrcpy(pci_dev->name, sizeof(pci_dev->name), name);
1067 
1068     memory_region_init(&pci_dev->bus_master_container_region, OBJECT(pci_dev),
1069                        "bus master container", UINT64_MAX);
1070     address_space_init(&pci_dev->bus_master_as,
1071                        &pci_dev->bus_master_container_region, pci_dev->name);
1072 
1073     if (phase_check(PHASE_MACHINE_READY)) {
1074         pci_init_bus_master(pci_dev);
1075     }
1076     pci_dev->irq_state = 0;
1077     pci_config_alloc(pci_dev);
1078 
1079     pci_config_set_vendor_id(pci_dev->config, pc->vendor_id);
1080     pci_config_set_device_id(pci_dev->config, pc->device_id);
1081     pci_config_set_revision(pci_dev->config, pc->revision);
1082     pci_config_set_class(pci_dev->config, pc->class_id);
1083 
1084     if (!pc->is_bridge) {
1085         if (pc->subsystem_vendor_id || pc->subsystem_id) {
1086             pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID,
1087                          pc->subsystem_vendor_id);
1088             pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID,
1089                          pc->subsystem_id);
1090         } else {
1091             pci_set_default_subsystem_id(pci_dev);
1092         }
1093     } else {
1094         /* subsystem_vendor_id/subsystem_id are only for header type 0 */
1095         assert(!pc->subsystem_vendor_id);
1096         assert(!pc->subsystem_id);
1097     }
1098     pci_init_cmask(pci_dev);
1099     pci_init_wmask(pci_dev);
1100     pci_init_w1cmask(pci_dev);
1101     if (pc->is_bridge) {
1102         pci_init_mask_bridge(pci_dev);
1103     }
1104     pci_init_multifunction(bus, pci_dev, &local_err);
1105     if (local_err) {
1106         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1107         do_pci_unregister_device(pci_dev);
1108         return NULL;
1109     }
1110 
1111     if (!config_read)
1112         config_read = pci_default_read_config;
1113     if (!config_write)
1114         config_write = pci_default_write_config;
1115     pci_dev->config_read = config_read;
1116     pci_dev->config_write = config_write;
1117     bus->devices[devfn] = pci_dev;
1118     pci_dev->version_id = 2; /* Current pci device vmstate version */
1119     return pci_dev;
1120 }
1121 
1122 static void pci_unregister_io_regions(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1123 {
1124     PCIIORegion *r;
1125     int i;
1126 
1127     for(i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
1128         r = &pci_dev->io_regions[i];
1129         if (!r->size || r->addr == PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED)
1130             continue;
1131         memory_region_del_subregion(r->address_space, r->memory);
1132     }
1133 
1134     pci_unregister_vga(pci_dev);
1135 }
1136 
1137 static void pci_qdev_unrealize(DeviceState *dev)
1138 {
1139     PCIDevice *pci_dev = PCI_DEVICE(dev);
1140     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(pci_dev);
1141 
1142     pci_unregister_io_regions(pci_dev);
1143     pci_del_option_rom(pci_dev);
1144 
1145     if (pc->exit) {
1146         pc->exit(pci_dev);
1147     }
1148 
1149     pci_device_deassert_intx(pci_dev);
1150     do_pci_unregister_device(pci_dev);
1151 }
1152 
1153 void pci_register_bar(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int region_num,
1154                       uint8_t type, MemoryRegion *memory)
1155 {
1156     PCIIORegion *r;
1157     uint32_t addr; /* offset in pci config space */
1158     uint64_t wmask;
1159     pcibus_t size = memory_region_size(memory);
1160     uint8_t hdr_type;
1161 
1162     assert(region_num >= 0);
1163     assert(region_num < PCI_NUM_REGIONS);
1164     assert(is_power_of_2(size));
1165 
1166     /* A PCI bridge device (with Type 1 header) may only have at most 2 BARs */
1167     hdr_type =
1168         pci_dev->config[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] & ~PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
1169     assert(hdr_type != PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE || region_num < 2);
1170 
1171     r = &pci_dev->io_regions[region_num];
1172     r->addr = PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1173     r->size = size;
1174     r->type = type;
1175     r->memory = memory;
1176     r->address_space = type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO
1177                         ? pci_get_bus(pci_dev)->address_space_io
1178                         : pci_get_bus(pci_dev)->address_space_mem;
1179 
1180     wmask = ~(size - 1);
1181     if (region_num == PCI_ROM_SLOT) {
1182         /* ROM enable bit is writable */
1183         wmask |= PCI_ROM_ADDRESS_ENABLE;
1184     }
1185 
1186     addr = pci_bar(pci_dev, region_num);
1187     pci_set_long(pci_dev->config + addr, type);
1188 
1189     if (!(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) &&
1190         r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) {
1191         pci_set_quad(pci_dev->wmask + addr, wmask);
1192         pci_set_quad(pci_dev->cmask + addr, ~0ULL);
1193     } else {
1194         pci_set_long(pci_dev->wmask + addr, wmask & 0xffffffff);
1195         pci_set_long(pci_dev->cmask + addr, 0xffffffff);
1196     }
1197 }
1198 
1199 static void pci_update_vga(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1200 {
1201     uint16_t cmd;
1202 
1203     if (!pci_dev->has_vga) {
1204         return;
1205     }
1206 
1207     cmd = pci_get_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_COMMAND);
1208 
1209     memory_region_set_enabled(pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM],
1210                               cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY);
1211     memory_region_set_enabled(pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO],
1212                               cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO);
1213     memory_region_set_enabled(pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI],
1214                               cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO);
1215 }
1216 
1217 void pci_register_vga(PCIDevice *pci_dev, MemoryRegion *mem,
1218                       MemoryRegion *io_lo, MemoryRegion *io_hi)
1219 {
1220     PCIBus *bus = pci_get_bus(pci_dev);
1221 
1222     assert(!pci_dev->has_vga);
1223 
1224     assert(memory_region_size(mem) == QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM_SIZE);
1225     pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM] = mem;
1226     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(bus->address_space_mem,
1227                                         QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM_BASE, mem, 1);
1228 
1229     assert(memory_region_size(io_lo) == QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO_SIZE);
1230     pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO] = io_lo;
1231     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(bus->address_space_io,
1232                                         QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO_BASE, io_lo, 1);
1233 
1234     assert(memory_region_size(io_hi) == QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI_SIZE);
1235     pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI] = io_hi;
1236     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(bus->address_space_io,
1237                                         QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI_BASE, io_hi, 1);
1238     pci_dev->has_vga = true;
1239 
1240     pci_update_vga(pci_dev);
1241 }
1242 
1243 void pci_unregister_vga(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1244 {
1245     PCIBus *bus = pci_get_bus(pci_dev);
1246 
1247     if (!pci_dev->has_vga) {
1248         return;
1249     }
1250 
1251     memory_region_del_subregion(bus->address_space_mem,
1252                                 pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM]);
1253     memory_region_del_subregion(bus->address_space_io,
1254                                 pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO]);
1255     memory_region_del_subregion(bus->address_space_io,
1256                                 pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI]);
1257     pci_dev->has_vga = false;
1258 }
1259 
1260 pcibus_t pci_get_bar_addr(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int region_num)
1261 {
1262     return pci_dev->io_regions[region_num].addr;
1263 }
1264 
1265 static pcibus_t pci_bar_address(PCIDevice *d,
1266                                 int reg, uint8_t type, pcibus_t size)
1267 {
1268     pcibus_t new_addr, last_addr;
1269     int bar = pci_bar(d, reg);
1270     uint16_t cmd = pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_COMMAND);
1271     Object *machine = qdev_get_machine();
1272     ObjectClass *oc = object_get_class(machine);
1273     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
1274     bool allow_0_address = mc->pci_allow_0_address;
1275 
1276     if (type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) {
1277         if (!(cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO)) {
1278             return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1279         }
1280         new_addr = pci_get_long(d->config + bar) & ~(size - 1);
1281         last_addr = new_addr + size - 1;
1282         /* Check if 32 bit BAR wraps around explicitly.
1283          * TODO: make priorities correct and remove this work around.
1284          */
1285         if (last_addr <= new_addr || last_addr >= UINT32_MAX ||
1286             (!allow_0_address && new_addr == 0)) {
1287             return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1288         }
1289         return new_addr;
1290     }
1291 
1292     if (!(cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY)) {
1293         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1294     }
1295     if (type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) {
1296         new_addr = pci_get_quad(d->config + bar);
1297     } else {
1298         new_addr = pci_get_long(d->config + bar);
1299     }
1300     /* the ROM slot has a specific enable bit */
1301     if (reg == PCI_ROM_SLOT && !(new_addr & PCI_ROM_ADDRESS_ENABLE)) {
1302         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1303     }
1304     new_addr &= ~(size - 1);
1305     last_addr = new_addr + size - 1;
1306     /* NOTE: we do not support wrapping */
1307     /* XXX: as we cannot support really dynamic
1308        mappings, we handle specific values as invalid
1309        mappings. */
1310     if (last_addr <= new_addr || last_addr == PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED ||
1311         (!allow_0_address && new_addr == 0)) {
1312         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1313     }
1314 
1315     /* Now pcibus_t is 64bit.
1316      * Check if 32 bit BAR wraps around explicitly.
1317      * Without this, PC ide doesn't work well.
1318      * TODO: remove this work around.
1319      */
1320     if  (!(type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) && last_addr >= UINT32_MAX) {
1321         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1322     }
1323 
1324     /*
1325      * OS is allowed to set BAR beyond its addressable
1326      * bits. For example, 32 bit OS can set 64bit bar
1327      * to >4G. Check it. TODO: we might need to support
1328      * it in the future for e.g. PAE.
1329      */
1330     if (last_addr >= HWADDR_MAX) {
1331         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1332     }
1333 
1334     return new_addr;
1335 }
1336 
1337 static void pci_update_mappings(PCIDevice *d)
1338 {
1339     PCIIORegion *r;
1340     int i;
1341     pcibus_t new_addr;
1342 
1343     for(i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
1344         r = &d->io_regions[i];
1345 
1346         /* this region isn't registered */
1347         if (!r->size)
1348             continue;
1349 
1350         new_addr = pci_bar_address(d, i, r->type, r->size);
1351 
1352         /* This bar isn't changed */
1353         if (new_addr == r->addr)
1354             continue;
1355 
1356         /* now do the real mapping */
1357         if (r->addr != PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED) {
1358             trace_pci_update_mappings_del(d, pci_dev_bus_num(d),
1359                                           PCI_SLOT(d->devfn),
1360                                           PCI_FUNC(d->devfn),
1361                                           i, r->addr, r->size);
1362             memory_region_del_subregion(r->address_space, r->memory);
1363         }
1364         r->addr = new_addr;
1365         if (r->addr != PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED) {
1366             trace_pci_update_mappings_add(d, pci_dev_bus_num(d),
1367                                           PCI_SLOT(d->devfn),
1368                                           PCI_FUNC(d->devfn),
1369                                           i, r->addr, r->size);
1370             memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(r->address_space,
1371                                                 r->addr, r->memory, 1);
1372         }
1373     }
1374 
1375     pci_update_vga(d);
1376 }
1377 
1378 static inline int pci_irq_disabled(PCIDevice *d)
1379 {
1380     return pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_COMMAND) & PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE;
1381 }
1382 
1383 /* Called after interrupt disabled field update in config space,
1384  * assert/deassert interrupts if necessary.
1385  * Gets original interrupt disable bit value (before update). */
1386 static void pci_update_irq_disabled(PCIDevice *d, int was_irq_disabled)
1387 {
1388     int i, disabled = pci_irq_disabled(d);
1389     if (disabled == was_irq_disabled)
1390         return;
1391     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
1392         int state = pci_irq_state(d, i);
1393         pci_change_irq_level(d, i, disabled ? -state : state);
1394     }
1395 }
1396 
1397 uint32_t pci_default_read_config(PCIDevice *d,
1398                                  uint32_t address, int len)
1399 {
1400     uint32_t val = 0;
1401 
1402     assert(address + len <= pci_config_size(d));
1403 
1404     if (pci_is_express_downstream_port(d) &&
1405         ranges_overlap(address, len, d->exp.exp_cap + PCI_EXP_LNKSTA, 2)) {
1406         pcie_sync_bridge_lnk(d);
1407     }
1408     memcpy(&val, d->config + address, len);
1409     return le32_to_cpu(val);
1410 }
1411 
1412 void pci_default_write_config(PCIDevice *d, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val_in, int l)
1413 {
1414     int i, was_irq_disabled = pci_irq_disabled(d);
1415     uint32_t val = val_in;
1416 
1417     assert(addr + l <= pci_config_size(d));
1418 
1419     for (i = 0; i < l; val >>= 8, ++i) {
1420         uint8_t wmask = d->wmask[addr + i];
1421         uint8_t w1cmask = d->w1cmask[addr + i];
1422         assert(!(wmask & w1cmask));
1423         d->config[addr + i] = (d->config[addr + i] & ~wmask) | (val & wmask);
1424         d->config[addr + i] &= ~(val & w1cmask); /* W1C: Write 1 to Clear */
1425     }
1426     if (ranges_overlap(addr, l, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0, 24) ||
1427         ranges_overlap(addr, l, PCI_ROM_ADDRESS, 4) ||
1428         ranges_overlap(addr, l, PCI_ROM_ADDRESS1, 4) ||
1429         range_covers_byte(addr, l, PCI_COMMAND))
1430         pci_update_mappings(d);
1431 
1432     if (range_covers_byte(addr, l, PCI_COMMAND)) {
1433         pci_update_irq_disabled(d, was_irq_disabled);
1434         memory_region_set_enabled(&d->bus_master_enable_region,
1435                                   pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_COMMAND)
1436                                     & PCI_COMMAND_MASTER);
1437     }
1438 
1439     msi_write_config(d, addr, val_in, l);
1440     msix_write_config(d, addr, val_in, l);
1441 }
1442 
1443 /***********************************************************/
1444 /* generic PCI irq support */
1445 
1446 /* 0 <= irq_num <= 3. level must be 0 or 1 */
1447 static void pci_irq_handler(void *opaque, int irq_num, int level)
1448 {
1449     PCIDevice *pci_dev = opaque;
1450     int change;
1451 
1452     assert(0 <= irq_num && irq_num < PCI_NUM_PINS);
1453     assert(level == 0 || level == 1);
1454     change = level - pci_irq_state(pci_dev, irq_num);
1455     if (!change)
1456         return;
1457 
1458     pci_set_irq_state(pci_dev, irq_num, level);
1459     pci_update_irq_status(pci_dev);
1460     if (pci_irq_disabled(pci_dev))
1461         return;
1462     pci_change_irq_level(pci_dev, irq_num, change);
1463 }
1464 
1465 static inline int pci_intx(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1466 {
1467     return pci_get_byte(pci_dev->config + PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN) - 1;
1468 }
1469 
1470 qemu_irq pci_allocate_irq(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1471 {
1472     int intx = pci_intx(pci_dev);
1473     assert(0 <= intx && intx < PCI_NUM_PINS);
1474 
1475     return qemu_allocate_irq(pci_irq_handler, pci_dev, intx);
1476 }
1477 
1478 void pci_set_irq(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int level)
1479 {
1480     int intx = pci_intx(pci_dev);
1481     pci_irq_handler(pci_dev, intx, level);
1482 }
1483 
1484 /* Special hooks used by device assignment */
1485 void pci_bus_set_route_irq_fn(PCIBus *bus, pci_route_irq_fn route_intx_to_irq)
1486 {
1487     assert(pci_bus_is_root(bus));
1488     bus->route_intx_to_irq = route_intx_to_irq;
1489 }
1490 
1491 PCIINTxRoute pci_device_route_intx_to_irq(PCIDevice *dev, int pin)
1492 {
1493     PCIBus *bus;
1494 
1495     do {
1496         bus = pci_get_bus(dev);
1497         pin = bus->map_irq(dev, pin);
1498         dev = bus->parent_dev;
1499     } while (dev);
1500 
1501     if (!bus->route_intx_to_irq) {
1502         error_report("PCI: Bug - unimplemented PCI INTx routing (%s)",
1503                      object_get_typename(OBJECT(bus->qbus.parent)));
1504         return (PCIINTxRoute) { PCI_INTX_DISABLED, -1 };
1505     }
1506 
1507     return bus->route_intx_to_irq(bus->irq_opaque, pin);
1508 }
1509 
1510 bool pci_intx_route_changed(PCIINTxRoute *old, PCIINTxRoute *new)
1511 {
1512     return old->mode != new->mode || old->irq != new->irq;
1513 }
1514 
1515 void pci_bus_fire_intx_routing_notifier(PCIBus *bus)
1516 {
1517     PCIDevice *dev;
1518     PCIBus *sec;
1519     int i;
1520 
1521     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); ++i) {
1522         dev = bus->devices[i];
1523         if (dev && dev->intx_routing_notifier) {
1524             dev->intx_routing_notifier(dev);
1525         }
1526     }
1527 
1528     QLIST_FOREACH(sec, &bus->child, sibling) {
1529         pci_bus_fire_intx_routing_notifier(sec);
1530     }
1531 }
1532 
1533 void pci_device_set_intx_routing_notifier(PCIDevice *dev,
1534                                           PCIINTxRoutingNotifier notifier)
1535 {
1536     dev->intx_routing_notifier = notifier;
1537 }
1538 
1539 /*
1540  * PCI-to-PCI bridge specification
1541  * 9.1: Interrupt routing. Table 9-1
1542  *
1543  * the PCI Express Base Specification, Revision 2.1
1544  * 2.2.8.1: INTx interrutp signaling - Rules
1545  *          the Implementation Note
1546  *          Table 2-20
1547  */
1548 /*
1549  * 0 <= pin <= 3 0 = INTA, 1 = INTB, 2 = INTC, 3 = INTD
1550  * 0-origin unlike PCI interrupt pin register.
1551  */
1552 int pci_swizzle_map_irq_fn(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int pin)
1553 {
1554     return pci_swizzle(PCI_SLOT(pci_dev->devfn), pin);
1555 }
1556 
1557 /***********************************************************/
1558 /* monitor info on PCI */
1559 
1560 typedef struct {
1561     uint16_t class;
1562     const char *desc;
1563     const char *fw_name;
1564     uint16_t fw_ign_bits;
1565 } pci_class_desc;
1566 
1567 static const pci_class_desc pci_class_descriptions[] =
1568 {
1569     { 0x0001, "VGA controller", "display"},
1570     { 0x0100, "SCSI controller", "scsi"},
1571     { 0x0101, "IDE controller", "ide"},
1572     { 0x0102, "Floppy controller", "fdc"},
1573     { 0x0103, "IPI controller", "ipi"},
1574     { 0x0104, "RAID controller", "raid"},
1575     { 0x0106, "SATA controller"},
1576     { 0x0107, "SAS controller"},
1577     { 0x0180, "Storage controller"},
1578     { 0x0200, "Ethernet controller", "ethernet"},
1579     { 0x0201, "Token Ring controller", "token-ring"},
1580     { 0x0202, "FDDI controller", "fddi"},
1581     { 0x0203, "ATM controller", "atm"},
1582     { 0x0280, "Network controller"},
1583     { 0x0300, "VGA controller", "display", 0x00ff},
1584     { 0x0301, "XGA controller"},
1585     { 0x0302, "3D controller"},
1586     { 0x0380, "Display controller"},
1587     { 0x0400, "Video controller", "video"},
1588     { 0x0401, "Audio controller", "sound"},
1589     { 0x0402, "Phone"},
1590     { 0x0403, "Audio controller", "sound"},
1591     { 0x0480, "Multimedia controller"},
1592     { 0x0500, "RAM controller", "memory"},
1593     { 0x0501, "Flash controller", "flash"},
1594     { 0x0580, "Memory controller"},
1595     { 0x0600, "Host bridge", "host"},
1596     { 0x0601, "ISA bridge", "isa"},
1597     { 0x0602, "EISA bridge", "eisa"},
1598     { 0x0603, "MC bridge", "mca"},
1599     { 0x0604, "PCI bridge", "pci-bridge"},
1600     { 0x0605, "PCMCIA bridge", "pcmcia"},
1601     { 0x0606, "NUBUS bridge", "nubus"},
1602     { 0x0607, "CARDBUS bridge", "cardbus"},
1603     { 0x0608, "RACEWAY bridge"},
1604     { 0x0680, "Bridge"},
1605     { 0x0700, "Serial port", "serial"},
1606     { 0x0701, "Parallel port", "parallel"},
1607     { 0x0800, "Interrupt controller", "interrupt-controller"},
1608     { 0x0801, "DMA controller", "dma-controller"},
1609     { 0x0802, "Timer", "timer"},
1610     { 0x0803, "RTC", "rtc"},
1611     { 0x0900, "Keyboard", "keyboard"},
1612     { 0x0901, "Pen", "pen"},
1613     { 0x0902, "Mouse", "mouse"},
1614     { 0x0A00, "Dock station", "dock", 0x00ff},
1615     { 0x0B00, "i386 cpu", "cpu", 0x00ff},
1616     { 0x0c00, "Fireware contorller", "fireware"},
1617     { 0x0c01, "Access bus controller", "access-bus"},
1618     { 0x0c02, "SSA controller", "ssa"},
1619     { 0x0c03, "USB controller", "usb"},
1620     { 0x0c04, "Fibre channel controller", "fibre-channel"},
1621     { 0x0c05, "SMBus"},
1622     { 0, NULL}
1623 };
1624 
1625 static void pci_for_each_device_under_bus_reverse(PCIBus *bus,
1626                                                   void (*fn)(PCIBus *b,
1627                                                              PCIDevice *d,
1628                                                              void *opaque),
1629                                                   void *opaque)
1630 {
1631     PCIDevice *d;
1632     int devfn;
1633 
1634     for (devfn = 0; devfn < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); devfn++) {
1635         d = bus->devices[ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices) - 1 - devfn];
1636         if (d) {
1637             fn(bus, d, opaque);
1638         }
1639     }
1640 }
1641 
1642 void pci_for_each_device_reverse(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num,
1643                          void (*fn)(PCIBus *b, PCIDevice *d, void *opaque),
1644                          void *opaque)
1645 {
1646     bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, bus_num);
1647 
1648     if (bus) {
1649         pci_for_each_device_under_bus_reverse(bus, fn, opaque);
1650     }
1651 }
1652 
1653 static void pci_for_each_device_under_bus(PCIBus *bus,
1654                                           void (*fn)(PCIBus *b, PCIDevice *d,
1655                                                      void *opaque),
1656                                           void *opaque)
1657 {
1658     PCIDevice *d;
1659     int devfn;
1660 
1661     for(devfn = 0; devfn < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); devfn++) {
1662         d = bus->devices[devfn];
1663         if (d) {
1664             fn(bus, d, opaque);
1665         }
1666     }
1667 }
1668 
1669 void pci_for_each_device(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num,
1670                          void (*fn)(PCIBus *b, PCIDevice *d, void *opaque),
1671                          void *opaque)
1672 {
1673     bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, bus_num);
1674 
1675     if (bus) {
1676         pci_for_each_device_under_bus(bus, fn, opaque);
1677     }
1678 }
1679 
1680 static const pci_class_desc *get_class_desc(int class)
1681 {
1682     const pci_class_desc *desc;
1683 
1684     desc = pci_class_descriptions;
1685     while (desc->desc && class != desc->class) {
1686         desc++;
1687     }
1688 
1689     return desc;
1690 }
1691 
1692 static PciDeviceInfoList *qmp_query_pci_devices(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num);
1693 
1694 static PciMemoryRegionList *qmp_query_pci_regions(const PCIDevice *dev)
1695 {
1696     PciMemoryRegionList *head = NULL, **tail = &head;
1697     int i;
1698 
1699     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
1700         const PCIIORegion *r = &dev->io_regions[i];
1701         PciMemoryRegion *region;
1702 
1703         if (!r->size) {
1704             continue;
1705         }
1706 
1707         region = g_malloc0(sizeof(*region));
1708 
1709         if (r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) {
1710             region->type = g_strdup("io");
1711         } else {
1712             region->type = g_strdup("memory");
1713             region->has_prefetch = true;
1714             region->prefetch = !!(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
1715             region->has_mem_type_64 = true;
1716             region->mem_type_64 = !!(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64);
1717         }
1718 
1719         region->bar = i;
1720         region->address = r->addr;
1721         region->size = r->size;
1722 
1723         QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, region);
1724     }
1725 
1726     return head;
1727 }
1728 
1729 static PciBridgeInfo *qmp_query_pci_bridge(PCIDevice *dev, PCIBus *bus,
1730                                            int bus_num)
1731 {
1732     PciBridgeInfo *info;
1733     PciMemoryRange *range;
1734 
1735     info = g_new0(PciBridgeInfo, 1);
1736 
1737     info->bus = g_new0(PciBusInfo, 1);
1738     info->bus->number = dev->config[PCI_PRIMARY_BUS];
1739     info->bus->secondary = dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS];
1740     info->bus->subordinate = dev->config[PCI_SUBORDINATE_BUS];
1741 
1742     range = info->bus->io_range = g_new0(PciMemoryRange, 1);
1743     range->base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO);
1744     range->limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO);
1745 
1746     range = info->bus->memory_range = g_new0(PciMemoryRange, 1);
1747     range->base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY);
1748     range->limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY);
1749 
1750     range = info->bus->prefetchable_range = g_new0(PciMemoryRange, 1);
1751     range->base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
1752     range->limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
1753 
1754     if (dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS] != 0) {
1755         PCIBus *child_bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS]);
1756         if (child_bus) {
1757             info->has_devices = true;
1758             info->devices = qmp_query_pci_devices(child_bus, dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS]);
1759         }
1760     }
1761 
1762     return info;
1763 }
1764 
1765 static PciDeviceInfo *qmp_query_pci_device(PCIDevice *dev, PCIBus *bus,
1766                                            int bus_num)
1767 {
1768     const pci_class_desc *desc;
1769     PciDeviceInfo *info;
1770     uint8_t type;
1771     int class;
1772 
1773     info = g_new0(PciDeviceInfo, 1);
1774     info->bus = bus_num;
1775     info->slot = PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn);
1776     info->function = PCI_FUNC(dev->devfn);
1777 
1778     info->class_info = g_new0(PciDeviceClass, 1);
1779     class = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
1780     info->class_info->q_class = class;
1781     desc = get_class_desc(class);
1782     if (desc->desc) {
1783         info->class_info->has_desc = true;
1784         info->class_info->desc = g_strdup(desc->desc);
1785     }
1786 
1787     info->id = g_new0(PciDeviceId, 1);
1788     info->id->vendor = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID);
1789     info->id->device = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID);
1790     info->regions = qmp_query_pci_regions(dev);
1791     info->qdev_id = g_strdup(dev->qdev.id ? dev->qdev.id : "");
1792 
1793     info->irq_pin = dev->config[PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN];
1794     if (dev->config[PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN] != 0) {
1795         info->has_irq = true;
1796         info->irq = dev->config[PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE];
1797     }
1798 
1799     type = dev->config[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] & ~PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
1800     if (type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE) {
1801         info->has_pci_bridge = true;
1802         info->pci_bridge = qmp_query_pci_bridge(dev, bus, bus_num);
1803     } else if (type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_NORMAL) {
1804         info->id->has_subsystem = info->id->has_subsystem_vendor = true;
1805         info->id->subsystem = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID);
1806         info->id->subsystem_vendor =
1807             pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID);
1808     } else if (type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_CARDBUS) {
1809         info->id->has_subsystem = info->id->has_subsystem_vendor = true;
1810         info->id->subsystem = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_CB_SUBSYSTEM_ID);
1811         info->id->subsystem_vendor =
1812             pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_CB_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID);
1813     }
1814 
1815     return info;
1816 }
1817 
1818 static PciDeviceInfoList *qmp_query_pci_devices(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
1819 {
1820     PciDeviceInfoList *head = NULL, **tail = &head;
1821     PCIDevice *dev;
1822     int devfn;
1823 
1824     for (devfn = 0; devfn < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); devfn++) {
1825         dev = bus->devices[devfn];
1826         if (dev) {
1827             QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, qmp_query_pci_device(dev, bus, bus_num));
1828         }
1829     }
1830 
1831     return head;
1832 }
1833 
1834 static PciInfo *qmp_query_pci_bus(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
1835 {
1836     PciInfo *info = NULL;
1837 
1838     bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, bus_num);
1839     if (bus) {
1840         info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
1841         info->bus = bus_num;
1842         info->devices = qmp_query_pci_devices(bus, bus_num);
1843     }
1844 
1845     return info;
1846 }
1847 
1848 PciInfoList *qmp_query_pci(Error **errp)
1849 {
1850     PciInfoList *head = NULL, **tail = &head;
1851     PCIHostState *host_bridge;
1852 
1853     QLIST_FOREACH(host_bridge, &pci_host_bridges, next) {
1854         QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail,
1855                          qmp_query_pci_bus(host_bridge->bus,
1856                                            pci_bus_num(host_bridge->bus)));
1857     }
1858 
1859     return head;
1860 }
1861 
1862 /* Initialize a PCI NIC.  */
1863 PCIDevice *pci_nic_init_nofail(NICInfo *nd, PCIBus *rootbus,
1864                                const char *default_model,
1865                                const char *default_devaddr)
1866 {
1867     const char *devaddr = nd->devaddr ? nd->devaddr : default_devaddr;
1868     GSList *list;
1869     GPtrArray *pci_nic_models;
1870     PCIBus *bus;
1871     PCIDevice *pci_dev;
1872     DeviceState *dev;
1873     int devfn;
1874     int i;
1875     int dom, busnr;
1876     unsigned slot;
1877 
1878     if (nd->model && !strcmp(nd->model, "virtio")) {
1879         g_free(nd->model);
1880         nd->model = g_strdup("virtio-net-pci");
1881     }
1882 
1883     list = object_class_get_list_sorted(TYPE_PCI_DEVICE, false);
1884     pci_nic_models = g_ptr_array_new();
1885     while (list) {
1886         DeviceClass *dc = OBJECT_CLASS_CHECK(DeviceClass, list->data,
1887                                              TYPE_DEVICE);
1888         GSList *next;
1889         if (test_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_NETWORK, dc->categories) &&
1890             dc->user_creatable) {
1891             const char *name = object_class_get_name(list->data);
1892             /*
1893              * A network device might also be something else than a NIC, see
1894              * e.g. the "rocker" device. Thus we have to look for the "netdev"
1895              * property, too. Unfortunately, some devices like virtio-net only
1896              * create this property during instance_init, so we have to create
1897              * a temporary instance here to be able to check it.
1898              */
1899             Object *obj = object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(dc));
1900             if (object_property_find(obj, "netdev")) {
1901                 g_ptr_array_add(pci_nic_models, (gpointer)name);
1902             }
1903             object_unref(obj);
1904         }
1905         next = list->next;
1906         g_slist_free_1(list);
1907         list = next;
1908     }
1909     g_ptr_array_add(pci_nic_models, NULL);
1910 
1911     if (qemu_show_nic_models(nd->model, (const char **)pci_nic_models->pdata)) {
1912         exit(0);
1913     }
1914 
1915     i = qemu_find_nic_model(nd, (const char **)pci_nic_models->pdata,
1916                             default_model);
1917     if (i < 0) {
1918         exit(1);
1919     }
1920 
1921     if (!rootbus) {
1922         error_report("No primary PCI bus");
1923         exit(1);
1924     }
1925 
1926     assert(!rootbus->parent_dev);
1927 
1928     if (!devaddr) {
1929         devfn = -1;
1930         busnr = 0;
1931     } else {
1932         if (pci_parse_devaddr(devaddr, &dom, &busnr, &slot, NULL) < 0) {
1933             error_report("Invalid PCI device address %s for device %s",
1934                          devaddr, nd->model);
1935             exit(1);
1936         }
1937 
1938         if (dom != 0) {
1939             error_report("No support for non-zero PCI domains");
1940             exit(1);
1941         }
1942 
1943         devfn = PCI_DEVFN(slot, 0);
1944     }
1945 
1946     bus = pci_find_bus_nr(rootbus, busnr);
1947     if (!bus) {
1948         error_report("Invalid PCI device address %s for device %s",
1949                      devaddr, nd->model);
1950         exit(1);
1951     }
1952 
1953     pci_dev = pci_new(devfn, nd->model);
1954     dev = &pci_dev->qdev;
1955     qdev_set_nic_properties(dev, nd);
1956     pci_realize_and_unref(pci_dev, bus, &error_fatal);
1957     g_ptr_array_free(pci_nic_models, true);
1958     return pci_dev;
1959 }
1960 
1961 PCIDevice *pci_vga_init(PCIBus *bus)
1962 {
1963     switch (vga_interface_type) {
1964     case VGA_CIRRUS:
1965         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "cirrus-vga");
1966     case VGA_QXL:
1967         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "qxl-vga");
1968     case VGA_STD:
1969         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "VGA");
1970     case VGA_VMWARE:
1971         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "vmware-svga");
1972     case VGA_VIRTIO:
1973         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "virtio-vga");
1974     case VGA_NONE:
1975     default: /* Other non-PCI types. Checking for unsupported types is already
1976                 done in vl.c. */
1977         return NULL;
1978     }
1979 }
1980 
1981 /* Whether a given bus number is in range of the secondary
1982  * bus of the given bridge device. */
1983 static bool pci_secondary_bus_in_range(PCIDevice *dev, int bus_num)
1984 {
1985     return !(pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL) &
1986              PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_BUS_RESET) /* Don't walk the bus if it's reset. */ &&
1987         dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS] <= bus_num &&
1988         bus_num <= dev->config[PCI_SUBORDINATE_BUS];
1989 }
1990 
1991 /* Whether a given bus number is in a range of a root bus */
1992 static bool pci_root_bus_in_range(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
1993 {
1994     int i;
1995 
1996     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); ++i) {
1997         PCIDevice *dev = bus->devices[i];
1998 
1999         if (dev && PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev)->is_bridge) {
2000             if (pci_secondary_bus_in_range(dev, bus_num)) {
2001                 return true;
2002             }
2003         }
2004     }
2005 
2006     return false;
2007 }
2008 
2009 static PCIBus *pci_find_bus_nr(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
2010 {
2011     PCIBus *sec;
2012 
2013     if (!bus) {
2014         return NULL;
2015     }
2016 
2017     if (pci_bus_num(bus) == bus_num) {
2018         return bus;
2019     }
2020 
2021     /* Consider all bus numbers in range for the host pci bridge. */
2022     if (!pci_bus_is_root(bus) &&
2023         !pci_secondary_bus_in_range(bus->parent_dev, bus_num)) {
2024         return NULL;
2025     }
2026 
2027     /* try child bus */
2028     for (; bus; bus = sec) {
2029         QLIST_FOREACH(sec, &bus->child, sibling) {
2030             if (pci_bus_num(sec) == bus_num) {
2031                 return sec;
2032             }
2033             /* PXB buses assumed to be children of bus 0 */
2034             if (pci_bus_is_root(sec)) {
2035                 if (pci_root_bus_in_range(sec, bus_num)) {
2036                     break;
2037                 }
2038             } else {
2039                 if (pci_secondary_bus_in_range(sec->parent_dev, bus_num)) {
2040                     break;
2041                 }
2042             }
2043         }
2044     }
2045 
2046     return NULL;
2047 }
2048 
2049 void pci_for_each_bus_depth_first(PCIBus *bus,
2050                                   void *(*begin)(PCIBus *bus, void *parent_state),
2051                                   void (*end)(PCIBus *bus, void *state),
2052                                   void *parent_state)
2053 {
2054     PCIBus *sec;
2055     void *state;
2056 
2057     if (!bus) {
2058         return;
2059     }
2060 
2061     if (begin) {
2062         state = begin(bus, parent_state);
2063     } else {
2064         state = parent_state;
2065     }
2066 
2067     QLIST_FOREACH(sec, &bus->child, sibling) {
2068         pci_for_each_bus_depth_first(sec, begin, end, state);
2069     }
2070 
2071     if (end) {
2072         end(bus, state);
2073     }
2074 }
2075 
2076 
2077 PCIDevice *pci_find_device(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num, uint8_t devfn)
2078 {
2079     bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, bus_num);
2080 
2081     if (!bus)
2082         return NULL;
2083 
2084     return bus->devices[devfn];
2085 }
2086 
2087 static void pci_qdev_realize(DeviceState *qdev, Error **errp)
2088 {
2089     PCIDevice *pci_dev = (PCIDevice *)qdev;
2090     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(pci_dev);
2091     ObjectClass *klass = OBJECT_CLASS(pc);
2092     Error *local_err = NULL;
2093     bool is_default_rom;
2094     uint16_t class_id;
2095 
2096     if (pci_dev->romsize != -1 && !is_power_of_2(pci_dev->romsize)) {
2097         error_setg(errp, "ROM size %u is not a power of two", pci_dev->romsize);
2098         return;
2099     }
2100 
2101     /* initialize cap_present for pci_is_express() and pci_config_size(),
2102      * Note that hybrid PCIs are not set automatically and need to manage
2103      * QEMU_PCI_CAP_EXPRESS manually */
2104     if (object_class_dynamic_cast(klass, INTERFACE_PCIE_DEVICE) &&
2105        !object_class_dynamic_cast(klass, INTERFACE_CONVENTIONAL_PCI_DEVICE)) {
2106         pci_dev->cap_present |= QEMU_PCI_CAP_EXPRESS;
2107     }
2108 
2109     pci_dev = do_pci_register_device(pci_dev,
2110                                      object_get_typename(OBJECT(qdev)),
2111                                      pci_dev->devfn, errp);
2112     if (pci_dev == NULL)
2113         return;
2114 
2115     if (pc->realize) {
2116         pc->realize(pci_dev, &local_err);
2117         if (local_err) {
2118             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2119             do_pci_unregister_device(pci_dev);
2120             return;
2121         }
2122     }
2123 
2124     if (pci_dev->failover_pair_id) {
2125         if (!pci_bus_is_express(pci_get_bus(pci_dev))) {
2126             error_setg(errp, "failover primary device must be on "
2127                              "PCIExpress bus");
2128             pci_qdev_unrealize(DEVICE(pci_dev));
2129             return;
2130         }
2131         class_id = pci_get_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
2132         if (class_id != PCI_CLASS_NETWORK_ETHERNET) {
2133             error_setg(errp, "failover primary device is not an "
2134                              "Ethernet device");
2135             pci_qdev_unrealize(DEVICE(pci_dev));
2136             return;
2137         }
2138         if ((pci_dev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION)
2139             || (PCI_FUNC(pci_dev->devfn) != 0)) {
2140             error_setg(errp, "failover: primary device must be in its own "
2141                               "PCI slot");
2142             pci_qdev_unrealize(DEVICE(pci_dev));
2143             return;
2144         }
2145         qdev->allow_unplug_during_migration = true;
2146     }
2147 
2148     /* rom loading */
2149     is_default_rom = false;
2150     if (pci_dev->romfile == NULL && pc->romfile != NULL) {
2151         pci_dev->romfile = g_strdup(pc->romfile);
2152         is_default_rom = true;
2153     }
2154 
2155     pci_add_option_rom(pci_dev, is_default_rom, &local_err);
2156     if (local_err) {
2157         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2158         pci_qdev_unrealize(DEVICE(pci_dev));
2159         return;
2160     }
2161 }
2162 
2163 PCIDevice *pci_new_multifunction(int devfn, bool multifunction,
2164                                  const char *name)
2165 {
2166     DeviceState *dev;
2167 
2168     dev = qdev_new(name);
2169     qdev_prop_set_int32(dev, "addr", devfn);
2170     qdev_prop_set_bit(dev, "multifunction", multifunction);
2171     return PCI_DEVICE(dev);
2172 }
2173 
2174 PCIDevice *pci_new(int devfn, const char *name)
2175 {
2176     return pci_new_multifunction(devfn, false, name);
2177 }
2178 
2179 bool pci_realize_and_unref(PCIDevice *dev, PCIBus *bus, Error **errp)
2180 {
2181     return qdev_realize_and_unref(&dev->qdev, &bus->qbus, errp);
2182 }
2183 
2184 PCIDevice *pci_create_simple_multifunction(PCIBus *bus, int devfn,
2185                                            bool multifunction,
2186                                            const char *name)
2187 {
2188     PCIDevice *dev = pci_new_multifunction(devfn, multifunction, name);
2189     pci_realize_and_unref(dev, bus, &error_fatal);
2190     return dev;
2191 }
2192 
2193 PCIDevice *pci_create_simple(PCIBus *bus, int devfn, const char *name)
2194 {
2195     return pci_create_simple_multifunction(bus, devfn, false, name);
2196 }
2197 
2198 static uint8_t pci_find_space(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t size)
2199 {
2200     int offset = PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE;
2201     int i;
2202     for (i = PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE; i < PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE; ++i) {
2203         if (pdev->used[i])
2204             offset = i + 1;
2205         else if (i - offset + 1 == size)
2206             return offset;
2207     }
2208     return 0;
2209 }
2210 
2211 static uint8_t pci_find_capability_list(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id,
2212                                         uint8_t *prev_p)
2213 {
2214     uint8_t next, prev;
2215 
2216     if (!(pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] & PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST))
2217         return 0;
2218 
2219     for (prev = PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST; (next = pdev->config[prev]);
2220          prev = next + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT)
2221         if (pdev->config[next + PCI_CAP_LIST_ID] == cap_id)
2222             break;
2223 
2224     if (prev_p)
2225         *prev_p = prev;
2226     return next;
2227 }
2228 
2229 static uint8_t pci_find_capability_at_offset(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t offset)
2230 {
2231     uint8_t next, prev, found = 0;
2232 
2233     if (!(pdev->used[offset])) {
2234         return 0;
2235     }
2236 
2237     assert(pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] & PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST);
2238 
2239     for (prev = PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST; (next = pdev->config[prev]);
2240          prev = next + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT) {
2241         if (next <= offset && next > found) {
2242             found = next;
2243         }
2244     }
2245     return found;
2246 }
2247 
2248 /* Patch the PCI vendor and device ids in a PCI rom image if necessary.
2249    This is needed for an option rom which is used for more than one device. */
2250 static void pci_patch_ids(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t *ptr, uint32_t size)
2251 {
2252     uint16_t vendor_id;
2253     uint16_t device_id;
2254     uint16_t rom_vendor_id;
2255     uint16_t rom_device_id;
2256     uint16_t rom_magic;
2257     uint16_t pcir_offset;
2258     uint8_t checksum;
2259 
2260     /* Words in rom data are little endian (like in PCI configuration),
2261        so they can be read / written with pci_get_word / pci_set_word. */
2262 
2263     /* Only a valid rom will be patched. */
2264     rom_magic = pci_get_word(ptr);
2265     if (rom_magic != 0xaa55) {
2266         PCI_DPRINTF("Bad ROM magic %04x\n", rom_magic);
2267         return;
2268     }
2269     pcir_offset = pci_get_word(ptr + 0x18);
2270     if (pcir_offset + 8 >= size || memcmp(ptr + pcir_offset, "PCIR", 4)) {
2271         PCI_DPRINTF("Bad PCIR offset 0x%x or signature\n", pcir_offset);
2272         return;
2273     }
2274 
2275     vendor_id = pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID);
2276     device_id = pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID);
2277     rom_vendor_id = pci_get_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 4);
2278     rom_device_id = pci_get_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 6);
2279 
2280     PCI_DPRINTF("%s: ROM id %04x%04x / PCI id %04x%04x\n", pdev->romfile,
2281                 vendor_id, device_id, rom_vendor_id, rom_device_id);
2282 
2283     checksum = ptr[6];
2284 
2285     if (vendor_id != rom_vendor_id) {
2286         /* Patch vendor id and checksum (at offset 6 for etherboot roms). */
2287         checksum += (uint8_t)rom_vendor_id + (uint8_t)(rom_vendor_id >> 8);
2288         checksum -= (uint8_t)vendor_id + (uint8_t)(vendor_id >> 8);
2289         PCI_DPRINTF("ROM checksum %02x / %02x\n", ptr[6], checksum);
2290         ptr[6] = checksum;
2291         pci_set_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 4, vendor_id);
2292     }
2293 
2294     if (device_id != rom_device_id) {
2295         /* Patch device id and checksum (at offset 6 for etherboot roms). */
2296         checksum += (uint8_t)rom_device_id + (uint8_t)(rom_device_id >> 8);
2297         checksum -= (uint8_t)device_id + (uint8_t)(device_id >> 8);
2298         PCI_DPRINTF("ROM checksum %02x / %02x\n", ptr[6], checksum);
2299         ptr[6] = checksum;
2300         pci_set_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 6, device_id);
2301     }
2302 }
2303 
2304 /* Add an option rom for the device */
2305 static void pci_add_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev, bool is_default_rom,
2306                                Error **errp)
2307 {
2308     int64_t size;
2309     char *path;
2310     void *ptr;
2311     char name[32];
2312     const VMStateDescription *vmsd;
2313 
2314     if (!pdev->romfile)
2315         return;
2316     if (strlen(pdev->romfile) == 0)
2317         return;
2318 
2319     if (!pdev->rom_bar) {
2320         /*
2321          * Load rom via fw_cfg instead of creating a rom bar,
2322          * for 0.11 compatibility.
2323          */
2324         int class = pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
2325 
2326         /*
2327          * Hot-plugged devices can't use the option ROM
2328          * if the rom bar is disabled.
2329          */
2330         if (DEVICE(pdev)->hotplugged) {
2331             error_setg(errp, "Hot-plugged device without ROM bar"
2332                        " can't have an option ROM");
2333             return;
2334         }
2335 
2336         if (class == 0x0300) {
2337             rom_add_vga(pdev->romfile);
2338         } else {
2339             rom_add_option(pdev->romfile, -1);
2340         }
2341         return;
2342     }
2343 
2344     path = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, pdev->romfile);
2345     if (path == NULL) {
2346         path = g_strdup(pdev->romfile);
2347     }
2348 
2349     size = get_image_size(path);
2350     if (size < 0) {
2351         error_setg(errp, "failed to find romfile \"%s\"", pdev->romfile);
2352         g_free(path);
2353         return;
2354     } else if (size == 0) {
2355         error_setg(errp, "romfile \"%s\" is empty", pdev->romfile);
2356         g_free(path);
2357         return;
2358     } else if (size > 2 * GiB) {
2359         error_setg(errp, "romfile \"%s\" too large (size cannot exceed 2 GiB)",
2360                    pdev->romfile);
2361         g_free(path);
2362         return;
2363     }
2364     if (pdev->romsize != -1) {
2365         if (size > pdev->romsize) {
2366             error_setg(errp, "romfile \"%s\" (%u bytes) is too large for ROM size %u",
2367                        pdev->romfile, (uint32_t)size, pdev->romsize);
2368             g_free(path);
2369             return;
2370         }
2371     } else {
2372         pdev->romsize = pow2ceil(size);
2373     }
2374 
2375     vmsd = qdev_get_vmsd(DEVICE(pdev));
2376 
2377     if (vmsd) {
2378         snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s.rom", vmsd->name);
2379     } else {
2380         snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s.rom", object_get_typename(OBJECT(pdev)));
2381     }
2382     pdev->has_rom = true;
2383     memory_region_init_rom(&pdev->rom, OBJECT(pdev), name, pdev->romsize, &error_fatal);
2384     ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&pdev->rom);
2385     if (load_image_size(path, ptr, size) < 0) {
2386         error_setg(errp, "failed to load romfile \"%s\"", pdev->romfile);
2387         g_free(path);
2388         return;
2389     }
2390     g_free(path);
2391 
2392     if (is_default_rom) {
2393         /* Only the default rom images will be patched (if needed). */
2394         pci_patch_ids(pdev, ptr, size);
2395     }
2396 
2397     pci_register_bar(pdev, PCI_ROM_SLOT, 0, &pdev->rom);
2398 }
2399 
2400 static void pci_del_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev)
2401 {
2402     if (!pdev->has_rom)
2403         return;
2404 
2405     vmstate_unregister_ram(&pdev->rom, &pdev->qdev);
2406     pdev->has_rom = false;
2407 }
2408 
2409 /*
2410  * On success, pci_add_capability() returns a positive value
2411  * that the offset of the pci capability.
2412  * On failure, it sets an error and returns a negative error
2413  * code.
2414  */
2415 int pci_add_capability(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id,
2416                        uint8_t offset, uint8_t size,
2417                        Error **errp)
2418 {
2419     uint8_t *config;
2420     int i, overlapping_cap;
2421 
2422     if (!offset) {
2423         offset = pci_find_space(pdev, size);
2424         /* out of PCI config space is programming error */
2425         assert(offset);
2426     } else {
2427         /* Verify that capabilities don't overlap.  Note: device assignment
2428          * depends on this check to verify that the device is not broken.
2429          * Should never trigger for emulated devices, but it's helpful
2430          * for debugging these. */
2431         for (i = offset; i < offset + size; i++) {
2432             overlapping_cap = pci_find_capability_at_offset(pdev, i);
2433             if (overlapping_cap) {
2434                 error_setg(errp, "%s:%02x:%02x.%x "
2435                            "Attempt to add PCI capability %x at offset "
2436                            "%x overlaps existing capability %x at offset %x",
2437                            pci_root_bus_path(pdev), pci_dev_bus_num(pdev),
2438                            PCI_SLOT(pdev->devfn), PCI_FUNC(pdev->devfn),
2439                            cap_id, offset, overlapping_cap, i);
2440                 return -EINVAL;
2441             }
2442         }
2443     }
2444 
2445     config = pdev->config + offset;
2446     config[PCI_CAP_LIST_ID] = cap_id;
2447     config[PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT] = pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST];
2448     pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST] = offset;
2449     pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] |= PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST;
2450     memset(pdev->used + offset, 0xFF, QEMU_ALIGN_UP(size, 4));
2451     /* Make capability read-only by default */
2452     memset(pdev->wmask + offset, 0, size);
2453     /* Check capability by default */
2454     memset(pdev->cmask + offset, 0xFF, size);
2455     return offset;
2456 }
2457 
2458 /* Unlink capability from the pci config space. */
2459 void pci_del_capability(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id, uint8_t size)
2460 {
2461     uint8_t prev, offset = pci_find_capability_list(pdev, cap_id, &prev);
2462     if (!offset)
2463         return;
2464     pdev->config[prev] = pdev->config[offset + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT];
2465     /* Make capability writable again */
2466     memset(pdev->wmask + offset, 0xff, size);
2467     memset(pdev->w1cmask + offset, 0, size);
2468     /* Clear cmask as device-specific registers can't be checked */
2469     memset(pdev->cmask + offset, 0, size);
2470     memset(pdev->used + offset, 0, QEMU_ALIGN_UP(size, 4));
2471 
2472     if (!pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST])
2473         pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] &= ~PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST;
2474 }
2475 
2476 uint8_t pci_find_capability(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id)
2477 {
2478     return pci_find_capability_list(pdev, cap_id, NULL);
2479 }
2480 
2481 static void pcibus_dev_print(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, int indent)
2482 {
2483     PCIDevice *d = (PCIDevice *)dev;
2484     const pci_class_desc *desc;
2485     char ctxt[64];
2486     PCIIORegion *r;
2487     int i, class;
2488 
2489     class = pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
2490     desc = pci_class_descriptions;
2491     while (desc->desc && class != desc->class)
2492         desc++;
2493     if (desc->desc) {
2494         snprintf(ctxt, sizeof(ctxt), "%s", desc->desc);
2495     } else {
2496         snprintf(ctxt, sizeof(ctxt), "Class %04x", class);
2497     }
2498 
2499     monitor_printf(mon, "%*sclass %s, addr %02x:%02x.%x, "
2500                    "pci id %04x:%04x (sub %04x:%04x)\n",
2501                    indent, "", ctxt, pci_dev_bus_num(d),
2502                    PCI_SLOT(d->devfn), PCI_FUNC(d->devfn),
2503                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID),
2504                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID),
2505                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID),
2506                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID));
2507     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
2508         r = &d->io_regions[i];
2509         if (!r->size)
2510             continue;
2511         monitor_printf(mon, "%*sbar %d: %s at 0x%"FMT_PCIBUS
2512                        " [0x%"FMT_PCIBUS"]\n",
2513                        indent, "",
2514                        i, r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO ? "i/o" : "mem",
2515                        r->addr, r->addr + r->size - 1);
2516     }
2517 }
2518 
2519 static char *pci_dev_fw_name(DeviceState *dev, char *buf, int len)
2520 {
2521     PCIDevice *d = (PCIDevice *)dev;
2522     const char *name = NULL;
2523     const pci_class_desc *desc =  pci_class_descriptions;
2524     int class = pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
2525 
2526     while (desc->desc &&
2527           (class & ~desc->fw_ign_bits) !=
2528           (desc->class & ~desc->fw_ign_bits)) {
2529         desc++;
2530     }
2531 
2532     if (desc->desc) {
2533         name = desc->fw_name;
2534     }
2535 
2536     if (name) {
2537         pstrcpy(buf, len, name);
2538     } else {
2539         snprintf(buf, len, "pci%04x,%04x",
2540                  pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID),
2541                  pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID));
2542     }
2543 
2544     return buf;
2545 }
2546 
2547 static char *pcibus_get_fw_dev_path(DeviceState *dev)
2548 {
2549     PCIDevice *d = (PCIDevice *)dev;
2550     char path[50], name[33];
2551     int off;
2552 
2553     off = snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s@%x",
2554                    pci_dev_fw_name(dev, name, sizeof name),
2555                    PCI_SLOT(d->devfn));
2556     if (PCI_FUNC(d->devfn))
2557         snprintf(path + off, sizeof(path) + off, ",%x", PCI_FUNC(d->devfn));
2558     return g_strdup(path);
2559 }
2560 
2561 static char *pcibus_get_dev_path(DeviceState *dev)
2562 {
2563     PCIDevice *d = container_of(dev, PCIDevice, qdev);
2564     PCIDevice *t;
2565     int slot_depth;
2566     /* Path format: Domain:00:Slot.Function:Slot.Function....:Slot.Function.
2567      * 00 is added here to make this format compatible with
2568      * domain:Bus:Slot.Func for systems without nested PCI bridges.
2569      * Slot.Function list specifies the slot and function numbers for all
2570      * devices on the path from root to the specific device. */
2571     const char *root_bus_path;
2572     int root_bus_len;
2573     char slot[] = ":SS.F";
2574     int slot_len = sizeof slot - 1 /* For '\0' */;
2575     int path_len;
2576     char *path, *p;
2577     int s;
2578 
2579     root_bus_path = pci_root_bus_path(d);
2580     root_bus_len = strlen(root_bus_path);
2581 
2582     /* Calculate # of slots on path between device and root. */;
2583     slot_depth = 0;
2584     for (t = d; t; t = pci_get_bus(t)->parent_dev) {
2585         ++slot_depth;
2586     }
2587 
2588     path_len = root_bus_len + slot_len * slot_depth;
2589 
2590     /* Allocate memory, fill in the terminating null byte. */
2591     path = g_malloc(path_len + 1 /* For '\0' */);
2592     path[path_len] = '\0';
2593 
2594     memcpy(path, root_bus_path, root_bus_len);
2595 
2596     /* Fill in slot numbers. We walk up from device to root, so need to print
2597      * them in the reverse order, last to first. */
2598     p = path + path_len;
2599     for (t = d; t; t = pci_get_bus(t)->parent_dev) {
2600         p -= slot_len;
2601         s = snprintf(slot, sizeof slot, ":%02x.%x",
2602                      PCI_SLOT(t->devfn), PCI_FUNC(t->devfn));
2603         assert(s == slot_len);
2604         memcpy(p, slot, slot_len);
2605     }
2606 
2607     return path;
2608 }
2609 
2610 static int pci_qdev_find_recursive(PCIBus *bus,
2611                                    const char *id, PCIDevice **pdev)
2612 {
2613     DeviceState *qdev = qdev_find_recursive(&bus->qbus, id);
2614     if (!qdev) {
2615         return -ENODEV;
2616     }
2617 
2618     /* roughly check if given qdev is pci device */
2619     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(qdev), TYPE_PCI_DEVICE)) {
2620         *pdev = PCI_DEVICE(qdev);
2621         return 0;
2622     }
2623     return -EINVAL;
2624 }
2625 
2626 int pci_qdev_find_device(const char *id, PCIDevice **pdev)
2627 {
2628     PCIHostState *host_bridge;
2629     int rc = -ENODEV;
2630 
2631     QLIST_FOREACH(host_bridge, &pci_host_bridges, next) {
2632         int tmp = pci_qdev_find_recursive(host_bridge->bus, id, pdev);
2633         if (!tmp) {
2634             rc = 0;
2635             break;
2636         }
2637         if (tmp != -ENODEV) {
2638             rc = tmp;
2639         }
2640     }
2641 
2642     return rc;
2643 }
2644 
2645 MemoryRegion *pci_address_space(PCIDevice *dev)
2646 {
2647     return pci_get_bus(dev)->address_space_mem;
2648 }
2649 
2650 MemoryRegion *pci_address_space_io(PCIDevice *dev)
2651 {
2652     return pci_get_bus(dev)->address_space_io;
2653 }
2654 
2655 static void pci_device_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
2656 {
2657     DeviceClass *k = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
2658 
2659     k->realize = pci_qdev_realize;
2660     k->unrealize = pci_qdev_unrealize;
2661     k->bus_type = TYPE_PCI_BUS;
2662     device_class_set_props(k, pci_props);
2663 }
2664 
2665 static void pci_device_class_base_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
2666 {
2667     if (!object_class_is_abstract(klass)) {
2668         ObjectClass *conventional =
2669             object_class_dynamic_cast(klass, INTERFACE_CONVENTIONAL_PCI_DEVICE);
2670         ObjectClass *pcie =
2671             object_class_dynamic_cast(klass, INTERFACE_PCIE_DEVICE);
2672         assert(conventional || pcie);
2673     }
2674 }
2675 
2676 AddressSpace *pci_device_iommu_address_space(PCIDevice *dev)
2677 {
2678     PCIBus *bus = pci_get_bus(dev);
2679     PCIBus *iommu_bus = bus;
2680     uint8_t devfn = dev->devfn;
2681 
2682     while (iommu_bus && !iommu_bus->iommu_fn && iommu_bus->parent_dev) {
2683         PCIBus *parent_bus = pci_get_bus(iommu_bus->parent_dev);
2684 
2685         /*
2686          * The requester ID of the provided device may be aliased, as seen from
2687          * the IOMMU, due to topology limitations.  The IOMMU relies on a
2688          * requester ID to provide a unique AddressSpace for devices, but
2689          * conventional PCI buses pre-date such concepts.  Instead, the PCIe-
2690          * to-PCI bridge creates and accepts transactions on behalf of down-
2691          * stream devices.  When doing so, all downstream devices are masked
2692          * (aliased) behind a single requester ID.  The requester ID used
2693          * depends on the format of the bridge devices.  Proper PCIe-to-PCI
2694          * bridges, with a PCIe capability indicating such, follow the
2695          * guidelines of chapter 2.3 of the PCIe-to-PCI/X bridge specification,
2696          * where the bridge uses the seconary bus as the bridge portion of the
2697          * requester ID and devfn of 00.0.  For other bridges, typically those
2698          * found on the root complex such as the dmi-to-pci-bridge, we follow
2699          * the convention of typical bare-metal hardware, which uses the
2700          * requester ID of the bridge itself.  There are device specific
2701          * exceptions to these rules, but these are the defaults that the
2702          * Linux kernel uses when determining DMA aliases itself and believed
2703          * to be true for the bare metal equivalents of the devices emulated
2704          * in QEMU.
2705          */
2706         if (!pci_bus_is_express(iommu_bus)) {
2707             PCIDevice *parent = iommu_bus->parent_dev;
2708 
2709             if (pci_is_express(parent) &&
2710                 pcie_cap_get_type(parent) == PCI_EXP_TYPE_PCI_BRIDGE) {
2711                 devfn = PCI_DEVFN(0, 0);
2712                 bus = iommu_bus;
2713             } else {
2714                 devfn = parent->devfn;
2715                 bus = parent_bus;
2716             }
2717         }
2718 
2719         iommu_bus = parent_bus;
2720     }
2721     if (iommu_bus && iommu_bus->iommu_fn) {
2722         return iommu_bus->iommu_fn(bus, iommu_bus->iommu_opaque, devfn);
2723     }
2724     return &address_space_memory;
2725 }
2726 
2727 void pci_setup_iommu(PCIBus *bus, PCIIOMMUFunc fn, void *opaque)
2728 {
2729     bus->iommu_fn = fn;
2730     bus->iommu_opaque = opaque;
2731 }
2732 
2733 static void pci_dev_get_w64(PCIBus *b, PCIDevice *dev, void *opaque)
2734 {
2735     Range *range = opaque;
2736     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
2737     uint16_t cmd = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_COMMAND);
2738     int i;
2739 
2740     if (!(cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY)) {
2741         return;
2742     }
2743 
2744     if (pc->is_bridge) {
2745         pcibus_t base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
2746         pcibus_t limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
2747 
2748         base = MAX(base, 0x1ULL << 32);
2749 
2750         if (limit >= base) {
2751             Range pref_range;
2752             range_set_bounds(&pref_range, base, limit);
2753             range_extend(range, &pref_range);
2754         }
2755     }
2756     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; ++i) {
2757         PCIIORegion *r = &dev->io_regions[i];
2758         pcibus_t lob, upb;
2759         Range region_range;
2760 
2761         if (!r->size ||
2762             (r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) ||
2763             !(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64)) {
2764             continue;
2765         }
2766 
2767         lob = pci_bar_address(dev, i, r->type, r->size);
2768         upb = lob + r->size - 1;
2769         if (lob == PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED) {
2770             continue;
2771         }
2772 
2773         lob = MAX(lob, 0x1ULL << 32);
2774 
2775         if (upb >= lob) {
2776             range_set_bounds(&region_range, lob, upb);
2777             range_extend(range, &region_range);
2778         }
2779     }
2780 }
2781 
2782 void pci_bus_get_w64_range(PCIBus *bus, Range *range)
2783 {
2784     range_make_empty(range);
2785     pci_for_each_device_under_bus(bus, pci_dev_get_w64, range);
2786 }
2787 
2788 static bool pcie_has_upstream_port(PCIDevice *dev)
2789 {
2790     PCIDevice *parent_dev = pci_bridge_get_device(pci_get_bus(dev));
2791 
2792     /* Device associated with an upstream port.
2793      * As there are several types of these, it's easier to check the
2794      * parent device: upstream ports are always connected to
2795      * root or downstream ports.
2796      */
2797     return parent_dev &&
2798         pci_is_express(parent_dev) &&
2799         parent_dev->exp.exp_cap &&
2800         (pcie_cap_get_type(parent_dev) == PCI_EXP_TYPE_ROOT_PORT ||
2801          pcie_cap_get_type(parent_dev) == PCI_EXP_TYPE_DOWNSTREAM);
2802 }
2803 
2804 PCIDevice *pci_get_function_0(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
2805 {
2806     PCIBus *bus = pci_get_bus(pci_dev);
2807 
2808     if(pcie_has_upstream_port(pci_dev)) {
2809         /* With an upstream PCIe port, we only support 1 device at slot 0 */
2810         return bus->devices[0];
2811     } else {
2812         /* Other bus types might support multiple devices at slots 0-31 */
2813         return bus->devices[PCI_DEVFN(PCI_SLOT(pci_dev->devfn), 0)];
2814     }
2815 }
2816 
2817 MSIMessage pci_get_msi_message(PCIDevice *dev, int vector)
2818 {
2819     MSIMessage msg;
2820     if (msix_enabled(dev)) {
2821         msg = msix_get_message(dev, vector);
2822     } else if (msi_enabled(dev)) {
2823         msg = msi_get_message(dev, vector);
2824     } else {
2825         /* Should never happen */
2826         error_report("%s: unknown interrupt type", __func__);
2827         abort();
2828     }
2829     return msg;
2830 }
2831 
2832 static const TypeInfo pci_device_type_info = {
2833     .name = TYPE_PCI_DEVICE,
2834     .parent = TYPE_DEVICE,
2835     .instance_size = sizeof(PCIDevice),
2836     .abstract = true,
2837     .class_size = sizeof(PCIDeviceClass),
2838     .class_init = pci_device_class_init,
2839     .class_base_init = pci_device_class_base_init,
2840 };
2841 
2842 static void pci_register_types(void)
2843 {
2844     type_register_static(&pci_bus_info);
2845     type_register_static(&pcie_bus_info);
2846     type_register_static(&conventional_pci_interface_info);
2847     type_register_static(&pcie_interface_info);
2848     type_register_static(&pci_device_type_info);
2849 }
2850 
2851 type_init(pci_register_types)
2852