xref: /openbmc/qemu/hw/i386/pc.c (revision a8bf9de2)
1 /*
2  * QEMU PC System Emulator
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include "qemu/units.h"
27 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
28 #include "hw/char/serial.h"
29 #include "hw/char/parallel.h"
30 #include "hw/hyperv/hv-balloon.h"
31 #include "hw/i386/fw_cfg.h"
32 #include "hw/i386/vmport.h"
33 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
34 #include "hw/ide/internal.h"
35 #include "hw/timer/hpet.h"
36 #include "hw/loader.h"
37 #include "hw/rtc/mc146818rtc.h"
38 #include "hw/intc/i8259.h"
39 #include "hw/timer/i8254.h"
40 #include "hw/input/i8042.h"
41 #include "hw/audio/pcspk.h"
42 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
43 #include "sysemu/xen.h"
44 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
45 #include "kvm/kvm_i386.h"
46 #include "hw/xen/xen.h"
47 #include "qapi/qmp/qlist.h"
48 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
49 #include "hw/acpi/cpu_hotplug.h"
50 #include "acpi-build.h"
51 #include "hw/mem/nvdimm.h"
52 #include "hw/cxl/cxl_host.h"
53 #include "hw/usb.h"
54 #include "hw/i386/intel_iommu.h"
55 #include "hw/net/ne2000-isa.h"
56 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-iommu.h"
57 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-md-pci.h"
58 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_overlay.h"
59 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_evtchn.h"
60 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_gnttab.h"
61 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_xenstore.h"
62 #include "hw/mem/memory-device.h"
63 #include "e820_memory_layout.h"
64 #include "trace.h"
65 #include CONFIG_DEVICES
66 
67 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_EMU
68 #include "hw/xen/xen-legacy-backend.h"
69 #include "hw/xen/xen-bus.h"
70 #endif
71 
72 /*
73  * Helper for setting model-id for CPU models that changed model-id
74  * depending on QEMU versions up to QEMU 2.4.
75  */
76 #define PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS(v) \
77     { "qemu32-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model-id", "QEMU Virtual CPU version " v, },\
78     { "qemu64-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model-id", "QEMU Virtual CPU version " v, },\
79     { "athlon-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model-id", "QEMU Virtual CPU version " v, },
80 
81 GlobalProperty pc_compat_8_2[] = {};
82 const size_t pc_compat_8_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_8_2);
83 
84 GlobalProperty pc_compat_8_1[] = {};
85 const size_t pc_compat_8_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_8_1);
86 
87 GlobalProperty pc_compat_8_0[] = {
88     { "virtio-mem", "unplugged-inaccessible", "auto" },
89 };
90 const size_t pc_compat_8_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_8_0);
91 
92 GlobalProperty pc_compat_7_2[] = {
93     { "ICH9-LPC", "noreboot", "true" },
94 };
95 const size_t pc_compat_7_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_7_2);
96 
97 GlobalProperty pc_compat_7_1[] = {};
98 const size_t pc_compat_7_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_7_1);
99 
100 GlobalProperty pc_compat_7_0[] = {};
101 const size_t pc_compat_7_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_7_0);
102 
103 GlobalProperty pc_compat_6_2[] = {
104     { "virtio-mem", "unplugged-inaccessible", "off" },
105 };
106 const size_t pc_compat_6_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_6_2);
107 
108 GlobalProperty pc_compat_6_1[] = {
109     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "hv-version-id-build", "0x1bbc" },
110     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "hv-version-id-major", "0x0006" },
111     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "hv-version-id-minor", "0x0001" },
112     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-keep-pci-slot-hpc", "false" },
113 };
114 const size_t pc_compat_6_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_6_1);
115 
116 GlobalProperty pc_compat_6_0[] = {
117     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "family", "6" },
118     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model", "6" },
119     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "3" },
120     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-vendor-cpuid-only", "off" },
121     { "ICH9-LPC", ACPI_PM_PROP_ACPI_PCIHP_BRIDGE, "off" },
122     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-keep-pci-slot-hpc", "true" },
123 };
124 const size_t pc_compat_6_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_6_0);
125 
126 GlobalProperty pc_compat_5_2[] = {
127     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-smi-cpu-hotunplug", "off" },
128 };
129 const size_t pc_compat_5_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_5_2);
130 
131 GlobalProperty pc_compat_5_1[] = {
132     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-smi-cpu-hotplug", "off" },
133     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "kvm-msi-ext-dest-id", "off" },
134 };
135 const size_t pc_compat_5_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_5_1);
136 
137 GlobalProperty pc_compat_5_0[] = {
138 };
139 const size_t pc_compat_5_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_5_0);
140 
141 GlobalProperty pc_compat_4_2[] = {
142     { "mch", "smbase-smram", "off" },
143 };
144 const size_t pc_compat_4_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_4_2);
145 
146 GlobalProperty pc_compat_4_1[] = {};
147 const size_t pc_compat_4_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_4_1);
148 
149 GlobalProperty pc_compat_4_0[] = {};
150 const size_t pc_compat_4_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_4_0);
151 
152 GlobalProperty pc_compat_3_1[] = {
153     { "intel-iommu", "dma-drain", "off" },
154     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "off" },
155     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "off" },
156     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
157     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
158     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "off" },
159     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
160     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
161     { "EPYC" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
162     { "EPYC" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
163     { "EPYC-IBPB" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
164     { "EPYC-IBPB" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
165     { "Skylake-Client" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
166     { "Skylake-Client-IBRS" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "mpx", "on" },
167     { "Skylake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
168     { "Skylake-Server-IBRS" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "mpx", "on" },
169     { "Cascadelake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,  "mpx", "on" },
170     { "Icelake-Client" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
171     { "Icelake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
172     { "Cascadelake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "5" },
173     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-intel-pt-auto-level", "off" },
174 };
175 const size_t pc_compat_3_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_3_1);
176 
177 GlobalProperty pc_compat_3_0[] = {
178     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-hv-synic-kvm-only", "on" },
179     { "Skylake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "pku", "off" },
180     { "Skylake-Server-IBRS" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "pku", "off" },
181 };
182 const size_t pc_compat_3_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_3_0);
183 
184 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_12[] = {
185     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "legacy-cache", "on" },
186     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "topoext", "off" },
187     { "EPYC-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
188     { "EPYC-IBPB-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
189 };
190 const size_t pc_compat_2_12_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_12);
191 
192 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_11[] = {
193     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-migrate-smi-count", "off" },
194     { "Skylake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "clflushopt", "off" },
195 };
196 const size_t pc_compat_2_11_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_11);
197 
198 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_10[] = {
199     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-hv-max-vps", "0x40" },
200     { "i440FX-pcihost", "x-pci-hole64-fix", "off" },
201     { "q35-pcihost", "x-pci-hole64-fix", "off" },
202 };
203 const size_t pc_compat_2_10_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_10);
204 
205 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_9[] = {
206     { "mch", "extended-tseg-mbytes", "0" },
207 };
208 const size_t pc_compat_2_9_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_9);
209 
210 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_8[] = {
211     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "tcg-cpuid", "off" },
212     { "kvmclock", "x-mach-use-reliable-get-clock", "off" },
213     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-smi-broadcast", "off" },
214     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "vmware-cpuid-freq", "off" },
215     { "Haswell-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "1" },
216 };
217 const size_t pc_compat_2_8_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_8);
218 
219 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_7[] = {
220     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "l3-cache", "off" },
221     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "full-cpuid-auto-level", "off" },
222     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "family", "15" },
223     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model", "6" },
224     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "1" },
225     { "isa-pcspk", "migrate", "off" },
226 };
227 const size_t pc_compat_2_7_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_7);
228 
229 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_6[] = {
230     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "cpuid-0xb", "off" },
231     { "vmxnet3", "romfile", "" },
232     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "fill-mtrr-mask", "off" },
233     { "apic-common", "legacy-instance-id", "on", }
234 };
235 const size_t pc_compat_2_6_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_6);
236 
237 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_5[] = {};
238 const size_t pc_compat_2_5_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_5);
239 
240 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_4[] = {
241     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.4.0")
242     { "Haswell-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
243     { "Haswell-noTSX-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
244     { "Broadwell-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
245     { "Broadwell-noTSX-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
246     { "host" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "host-cache-info", "on" },
247     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "check", "off" },
248     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "sse4a", "on" },
249     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "on" },
250     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "popcnt", "on" },
251     { "qemu32" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "popcnt", "on" },
252     { "Opteron_G2" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on" },
253     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on" },
254     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on" },
255     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on", }
256 };
257 const size_t pc_compat_2_4_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_4);
258 
259 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_3[] = {
260     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.3.0")
261     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "arat", "off" },
262     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "4" },
263     { "kvm64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "5" },
264     { "pentium3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "2" },
265     { "n270" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "5" },
266     { "Conroe" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "4" },
267     { "Penryn" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "4" },
268     { "Nehalem" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "4" },
269     { "n270" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
270     { "Penryn" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
271     { "Conroe" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
272     { "Nehalem" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
273     { "Westmere" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
274     { "SandyBridge" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
275     { "IvyBridge" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
276     { "Haswell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
277     { "Haswell-noTSX" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
278     { "Broadwell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
279     { "Broadwell-noTSX" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
280     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "kvm-no-smi-migration", "on" },
281 };
282 const size_t pc_compat_2_3_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_3);
283 
284 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_2[] = {
285     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.2.0")
286     { "kvm64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
287     { "kvm32" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
288     { "Conroe" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
289     { "Penryn" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
290     { "Nehalem" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
291     { "Westmere" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
292     { "SandyBridge" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
293     { "Haswell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
294     { "Broadwell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
295     { "Opteron_G1" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
296     { "Opteron_G2" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
297     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
298     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
299     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
300     { "Haswell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "f16c", "off" },
301     { "Haswell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdrand", "off" },
302     { "Broadwell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "f16c", "off" },
303     { "Broadwell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdrand", "off" },
304 };
305 const size_t pc_compat_2_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_2);
306 
307 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_1[] = {
308     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.1.0")
309     { "coreduo" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vmx", "on" },
310     { "core2duo" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vmx", "on" },
311 };
312 const size_t pc_compat_2_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_1);
313 
314 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_0[] = {
315     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.0.0")
316     { "virtio-scsi-pci", "any_layout", "off" },
317     { "PIIX4_PM", "memory-hotplug-support", "off" },
318     { "apic", "version", "0x11" },
319     { "nec-usb-xhci", "superspeed-ports-first", "off" },
320     { "nec-usb-xhci", "force-pcie-endcap", "on" },
321     { "pci-serial", "prog_if", "0" },
322     { "pci-serial-2x", "prog_if", "0" },
323     { "pci-serial-4x", "prog_if", "0" },
324     { "virtio-net-pci", "guest_announce", "off" },
325     { "ICH9-LPC", "memory-hotplug-support", "off" },
326 };
327 const size_t pc_compat_2_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_0);
328 
329 GSIState *pc_gsi_create(qemu_irq **irqs, bool pci_enabled)
330 {
331     GSIState *s;
332 
333     s = g_new0(GSIState, 1);
334     if (kvm_ioapic_in_kernel()) {
335         kvm_pc_setup_irq_routing(pci_enabled);
336     }
337     *irqs = qemu_allocate_irqs(gsi_handler, s, IOAPIC_NUM_PINS);
338 
339     return s;
340 }
341 
342 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t data,
343                            unsigned size)
344 {
345 }
346 
347 static uint64_t ioport80_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
348 {
349     return 0xffffffffffffffffULL;
350 }
351 
352 /* MS-DOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
353 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t data,
354                            unsigned size)
355 {
356     if (tcg_enabled()) {
357         cpu_set_ignne();
358     }
359 }
360 
361 static uint64_t ioportF0_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
362 {
363     return 0xffffffffffffffffULL;
364 }
365 
366 /* PC cmos mappings */
367 
368 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE          0x14
369 
370 static void cmos_init_hd(MC146818RtcState *s, int type_ofs, int info_ofs,
371                          int16_t cylinders, int8_t heads, int8_t sectors)
372 {
373     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, type_ofs, 47);
374     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs, cylinders);
375     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8);
376     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 2, heads);
377     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff);
378     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff);
379     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3));
380     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders);
381     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8);
382     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors);
383 }
384 
385 /* convert boot_device letter to something recognizable by the bios */
386 static int boot_device2nibble(char boot_device)
387 {
388     switch(boot_device) {
389     case 'a':
390     case 'b':
391         return 0x01; /* floppy boot */
392     case 'c':
393         return 0x02; /* hard drive boot */
394     case 'd':
395         return 0x03; /* CD-ROM boot */
396     case 'n':
397         return 0x04; /* Network boot */
398     }
399     return 0;
400 }
401 
402 static void set_boot_dev(MC146818RtcState *s, const char *boot_device,
403                          Error **errp)
404 {
405 #define PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES 3
406     int nbds, bds[3] = { 0, };
407     int i;
408 
409     nbds = strlen(boot_device);
410     if (nbds > PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES) {
411         error_setg(errp, "Too many boot devices for PC");
412         return;
413     }
414     for (i = 0; i < nbds; i++) {
415         bds[i] = boot_device2nibble(boot_device[i]);
416         if (bds[i] == 0) {
417             error_setg(errp, "Invalid boot device for PC: '%c'",
418                        boot_device[i]);
419             return;
420         }
421     }
422     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x3d, (bds[1] << 4) | bds[0]);
423     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x38, (bds[2] << 4) | (fd_bootchk ? 0x0 : 0x1));
424 }
425 
426 static void pc_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device, Error **errp)
427 {
428     set_boot_dev(opaque, boot_device, errp);
429 }
430 
431 static void pc_cmos_init_floppy(MC146818RtcState *rtc_state, ISADevice *floppy)
432 {
433     int val, nb, i;
434     FloppyDriveType fd_type[2] = { FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE,
435                                    FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE };
436 
437     /* floppy type */
438     if (floppy) {
439         for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
440             fd_type[i] = isa_fdc_get_drive_type(floppy, i);
441         }
442     }
443     val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd_type[0]) << 4) |
444         cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd_type[1]);
445     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(rtc_state, 0x10, val);
446 
447     val = mc146818rtc_get_cmos_data(rtc_state, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE);
448     nb = 0;
449     if (fd_type[0] != FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE) {
450         nb++;
451     }
452     if (fd_type[1] != FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE) {
453         nb++;
454     }
455     switch (nb) {
456     case 0:
457         break;
458     case 1:
459         val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
460         break;
461     case 2:
462         val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
463         break;
464     }
465     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(rtc_state, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
466 }
467 
468 typedef struct pc_cmos_init_late_arg {
469     MC146818RtcState *rtc_state;
470     BusState *idebus[2];
471 } pc_cmos_init_late_arg;
472 
473 typedef struct check_fdc_state {
474     ISADevice *floppy;
475     bool multiple;
476 } CheckFdcState;
477 
478 static int check_fdc(Object *obj, void *opaque)
479 {
480     CheckFdcState *state = opaque;
481     Object *fdc;
482     uint32_t iobase;
483     Error *local_err = NULL;
484 
485     fdc = object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_ISA_FDC);
486     if (!fdc) {
487         return 0;
488     }
489 
490     iobase = object_property_get_uint(obj, "iobase", &local_err);
491     if (local_err || iobase != 0x3f0) {
492         error_free(local_err);
493         return 0;
494     }
495 
496     if (state->floppy) {
497         state->multiple = true;
498     } else {
499         state->floppy = ISA_DEVICE(obj);
500     }
501     return 0;
502 }
503 
504 static const char * const fdc_container_path[] = {
505     "/unattached", "/peripheral", "/peripheral-anon"
506 };
507 
508 /*
509  * Locate the FDC at IO address 0x3f0, in order to configure the CMOS registers
510  * and ACPI objects.
511  */
512 static ISADevice *pc_find_fdc0(void)
513 {
514     int i;
515     Object *container;
516     CheckFdcState state = { 0 };
517 
518     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(fdc_container_path); i++) {
519         container = container_get(qdev_get_machine(), fdc_container_path[i]);
520         object_child_foreach(container, check_fdc, &state);
521     }
522 
523     if (state.multiple) {
524         warn_report("multiple floppy disk controllers with "
525                     "iobase=0x3f0 have been found");
526         error_printf("the one being picked for CMOS setup might not reflect "
527                      "your intent");
528     }
529 
530     return state.floppy;
531 }
532 
533 static void pc_cmos_init_late(void *opaque)
534 {
535     pc_cmos_init_late_arg *arg = opaque;
536     MC146818RtcState *s = arg->rtc_state;
537     int16_t cylinders;
538     int8_t heads, sectors;
539     int val;
540     int i, trans;
541 
542     val = 0;
543     if (arg->idebus[0] && ide_get_geometry(arg->idebus[0], 0,
544                                            &cylinders, &heads, &sectors) >= 0) {
545         cmos_init_hd(s, 0x19, 0x1b, cylinders, heads, sectors);
546         val |= 0xf0;
547     }
548     if (arg->idebus[0] && ide_get_geometry(arg->idebus[0], 1,
549                                            &cylinders, &heads, &sectors) >= 0) {
550         cmos_init_hd(s, 0x1a, 0x24, cylinders, heads, sectors);
551         val |= 0x0f;
552     }
553     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x12, val);
554 
555     val = 0;
556     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
557         /* NOTE: ide_get_geometry() returns the physical
558            geometry.  It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1
559            <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS
560            geometry can be different if a translation is done. */
561         if (arg->idebus[i / 2] &&
562             ide_get_geometry(arg->idebus[i / 2], i % 2,
563                              &cylinders, &heads, &sectors) >= 0) {
564             trans = ide_get_bios_chs_trans(arg->idebus[i / 2], i % 2) - 1;
565             assert((trans & ~3) == 0);
566             val |= trans << (i * 2);
567         }
568     }
569     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x39, val);
570 
571     pc_cmos_init_floppy(s, pc_find_fdc0());
572 
573     qemu_unregister_reset(pc_cmos_init_late, opaque);
574 }
575 
576 void pc_cmos_init(PCMachineState *pcms,
577                   BusState *idebus0, BusState *idebus1,
578                   ISADevice *rtc)
579 {
580     int val;
581     static pc_cmos_init_late_arg arg;
582     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
583     MC146818RtcState *s = MC146818_RTC(rtc);
584 
585     /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
586 
587     /* memory size */
588     /* base memory (first MiB) */
589     val = MIN(x86ms->below_4g_mem_size / KiB, 640);
590     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x15, val);
591     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x16, val >> 8);
592     /* extended memory (next 64MiB) */
593     if (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size > 1 * MiB) {
594         val = (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size - 1 * MiB) / KiB;
595     } else {
596         val = 0;
597     }
598     if (val > 65535)
599         val = 65535;
600     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x17, val);
601     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x18, val >> 8);
602     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x30, val);
603     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x31, val >> 8);
604     /* memory between 16MiB and 4GiB */
605     if (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size > 16 * MiB) {
606         val = (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size - 16 * MiB) / (64 * KiB);
607     } else {
608         val = 0;
609     }
610     if (val > 65535)
611         val = 65535;
612     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x34, val);
613     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x35, val >> 8);
614     /* memory above 4GiB */
615     val = x86ms->above_4g_mem_size / 65536;
616     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x5b, val);
617     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x5c, val >> 8);
618     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x5d, val >> 16);
619 
620     object_property_add_link(OBJECT(pcms), "rtc_state",
621                              TYPE_ISA_DEVICE,
622                              (Object **)&x86ms->rtc,
623                              object_property_allow_set_link,
624                              OBJ_PROP_LINK_STRONG);
625     object_property_set_link(OBJECT(pcms), "rtc_state", OBJECT(s),
626                              &error_abort);
627 
628     set_boot_dev(s, MACHINE(pcms)->boot_config.order, &error_fatal);
629 
630     val = 0;
631     val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
632     val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
633     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
634 
635     /* hard drives and FDC */
636     arg.rtc_state = s;
637     arg.idebus[0] = idebus0;
638     arg.idebus[1] = idebus1;
639     qemu_register_reset(pc_cmos_init_late, &arg);
640 }
641 
642 static void handle_a20_line_change(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
643 {
644     X86CPU *cpu = opaque;
645 
646     /* XXX: send to all CPUs ? */
647     /* XXX: add logic to handle multiple A20 line sources */
648     x86_cpu_set_a20(cpu, level);
649 }
650 
651 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
652 
653 static const int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360,
654                                               0x280, 0x380 };
655 static const int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
656 
657 static gboolean pc_init_ne2k_isa(ISABus *bus, NICInfo *nd, Error **errp)
658 {
659     static int nb_ne2k = 0;
660 
661     if (nb_ne2k == NE2000_NB_MAX) {
662         error_setg(errp,
663                    "maximum number of ISA NE2000 devices exceeded");
664         return false;
665     }
666     isa_ne2000_init(bus, ne2000_io[nb_ne2k],
667                     ne2000_irq[nb_ne2k], nd);
668     nb_ne2k++;
669     return true;
670 }
671 
672 void pc_acpi_smi_interrupt(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
673 {
674     X86CPU *cpu = opaque;
675 
676     if (level) {
677         cpu_interrupt(CPU(cpu), CPU_INTERRUPT_SMI);
678     }
679 }
680 
681 static
682 void pc_machine_done(Notifier *notifier, void *data)
683 {
684     PCMachineState *pcms = container_of(notifier,
685                                         PCMachineState, machine_done);
686     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
687 
688     cxl_hook_up_pxb_registers(pcms->bus, &pcms->cxl_devices_state,
689                               &error_fatal);
690 
691     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
692         cxl_fmws_link_targets(&pcms->cxl_devices_state, &error_fatal);
693     }
694 
695     /* set the number of CPUs */
696     x86_rtc_set_cpus_count(x86ms->rtc, x86ms->boot_cpus);
697 
698     fw_cfg_add_extra_pci_roots(pcms->bus, x86ms->fw_cfg);
699 
700     acpi_setup();
701     if (x86ms->fw_cfg) {
702         fw_cfg_build_smbios(MACHINE(pcms), x86ms->fw_cfg);
703         fw_cfg_build_feature_control(MACHINE(pcms), x86ms->fw_cfg);
704         /* update FW_CFG_NB_CPUS to account for -device added CPUs */
705         fw_cfg_modify_i16(x86ms->fw_cfg, FW_CFG_NB_CPUS, x86ms->boot_cpus);
706     }
707 }
708 
709 void pc_guest_info_init(PCMachineState *pcms)
710 {
711     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
712 
713     x86ms->apic_xrupt_override = true;
714     pcms->machine_done.notify = pc_machine_done;
715     qemu_add_machine_init_done_notifier(&pcms->machine_done);
716 }
717 
718 /* setup pci memory address space mapping into system address space */
719 void pc_pci_as_mapping_init(MemoryRegion *system_memory,
720                             MemoryRegion *pci_address_space)
721 {
722     /* Set to lower priority than RAM */
723     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(system_memory, 0x0,
724                                         pci_address_space, -1);
725 }
726 
727 void xen_load_linux(PCMachineState *pcms)
728 {
729     int i;
730     FWCfgState *fw_cfg;
731     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
732     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
733 
734     assert(MACHINE(pcms)->kernel_filename != NULL);
735 
736     fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init_io(FW_CFG_IO_BASE);
737     fw_cfg_add_i16(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_NB_CPUS, x86ms->boot_cpus);
738     rom_set_fw(fw_cfg);
739 
740     x86_load_linux(x86ms, fw_cfg, pcmc->acpi_data_size,
741                    pcmc->pvh_enabled);
742     for (i = 0; i < nb_option_roms; i++) {
743         assert(!strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "linuxboot.bin") ||
744                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "linuxboot_dma.bin") ||
745                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "pvh.bin") ||
746                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "multiboot.bin") ||
747                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "multiboot_dma.bin"));
748         rom_add_option(option_rom[i].name, option_rom[i].bootindex);
749     }
750     x86ms->fw_cfg = fw_cfg;
751 }
752 
753 #define PC_ROM_MIN_VGA     0xc0000
754 #define PC_ROM_MIN_OPTION  0xc8000
755 #define PC_ROM_MAX         0xe0000
756 #define PC_ROM_ALIGN       0x800
757 #define PC_ROM_SIZE        (PC_ROM_MAX - PC_ROM_MIN_VGA)
758 
759 static hwaddr pc_above_4g_end(PCMachineState *pcms)
760 {
761     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
762 
763     if (pcms->sgx_epc.size != 0) {
764         return sgx_epc_above_4g_end(&pcms->sgx_epc);
765     }
766 
767     return x86ms->above_4g_mem_start + x86ms->above_4g_mem_size;
768 }
769 
770 static void pc_get_device_memory_range(PCMachineState *pcms,
771                                        hwaddr *base,
772                                        ram_addr_t *device_mem_size)
773 {
774     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
775     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(pcms);
776     ram_addr_t size;
777     hwaddr addr;
778 
779     size = machine->maxram_size - machine->ram_size;
780     addr = ROUND_UP(pc_above_4g_end(pcms), 1 * GiB);
781 
782     if (pcmc->enforce_aligned_dimm) {
783         /* size device region assuming 1G page max alignment per slot */
784         size += (1 * GiB) * machine->ram_slots;
785     }
786 
787     *base = addr;
788     *device_mem_size = size;
789 }
790 
791 static uint64_t pc_get_cxl_range_start(PCMachineState *pcms)
792 {
793     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
794     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(pcms);
795     hwaddr cxl_base;
796     ram_addr_t size;
797 
798     if (pcmc->has_reserved_memory &&
799         (ms->ram_size < ms->maxram_size)) {
800         pc_get_device_memory_range(pcms, &cxl_base, &size);
801         cxl_base += size;
802     } else {
803         cxl_base = pc_above_4g_end(pcms);
804     }
805 
806     return cxl_base;
807 }
808 
809 static uint64_t pc_get_cxl_range_end(PCMachineState *pcms)
810 {
811     uint64_t start = pc_get_cxl_range_start(pcms) + MiB;
812 
813     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows) {
814         GList *it;
815 
816         start = ROUND_UP(start, 256 * MiB);
817         for (it = pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows; it; it = it->next) {
818             CXLFixedWindow *fw = it->data;
819             start += fw->size;
820         }
821     }
822 
823     return start;
824 }
825 
826 static hwaddr pc_max_used_gpa(PCMachineState *pcms, uint64_t pci_hole64_size)
827 {
828     X86CPU *cpu = X86_CPU(first_cpu);
829     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
830     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(pcms);
831 
832     if (cpu->env.features[FEAT_8000_0001_EDX] & CPUID_EXT2_LM) {
833         /* 64-bit systems */
834         return pc_pci_hole64_start() + pci_hole64_size - 1;
835     }
836 
837     /* 32-bit systems */
838     if (pcmc->broken_32bit_mem_addr_check) {
839         /* old value for compatibility reasons */
840         return ((hwaddr)1 << cpu->phys_bits) - 1;
841     }
842 
843     /*
844      * 32-bit systems don't have hole64 but they might have a region for
845      * memory devices. Even if additional hotplugged memory devices might
846      * not be usable by most guest OSes, we need to still consider them for
847      * calculating the highest possible GPA so that we can properly report
848      * if someone configures them on a CPU that cannot possibly address them.
849      */
850     if (pcmc->has_reserved_memory &&
851         (ms->ram_size < ms->maxram_size)) {
852         hwaddr devmem_start;
853         ram_addr_t devmem_size;
854 
855         pc_get_device_memory_range(pcms, &devmem_start, &devmem_size);
856         devmem_start += devmem_size;
857         return devmem_start - 1;
858     }
859 
860     /* configuration without any memory hotplug */
861     return pc_above_4g_end(pcms) - 1;
862 }
863 
864 /*
865  * AMD systems with an IOMMU have an additional hole close to the
866  * 1Tb, which are special GPAs that cannot be DMA mapped. Depending
867  * on kernel version, VFIO may or may not let you DMA map those ranges.
868  * Starting Linux v5.4 we validate it, and can't create guests on AMD machines
869  * with certain memory sizes. It's also wrong to use those IOVA ranges
870  * in detriment of leading to IOMMU INVALID_DEVICE_REQUEST or worse.
871  * The ranges reserved for Hyper-Transport are:
872  *
873  * FD_0000_0000h - FF_FFFF_FFFFh
874  *
875  * The ranges represent the following:
876  *
877  * Base Address   Top Address  Use
878  *
879  * FD_0000_0000h FD_F7FF_FFFFh Reserved interrupt address space
880  * FD_F800_0000h FD_F8FF_FFFFh Interrupt/EOI IntCtl
881  * FD_F900_0000h FD_F90F_FFFFh Legacy PIC IACK
882  * FD_F910_0000h FD_F91F_FFFFh System Management
883  * FD_F920_0000h FD_FAFF_FFFFh Reserved Page Tables
884  * FD_FB00_0000h FD_FBFF_FFFFh Address Translation
885  * FD_FC00_0000h FD_FDFF_FFFFh I/O Space
886  * FD_FE00_0000h FD_FFFF_FFFFh Configuration
887  * FE_0000_0000h FE_1FFF_FFFFh Extended Configuration/Device Messages
888  * FE_2000_0000h FF_FFFF_FFFFh Reserved
889  *
890  * See AMD IOMMU spec, section 2.1.2 "IOMMU Logical Topology",
891  * Table 3: Special Address Controls (GPA) for more information.
892  */
893 #define AMD_HT_START         0xfd00000000UL
894 #define AMD_HT_END           0xffffffffffUL
895 #define AMD_ABOVE_1TB_START  (AMD_HT_END + 1)
896 #define AMD_HT_SIZE          (AMD_ABOVE_1TB_START - AMD_HT_START)
897 
898 void pc_memory_init(PCMachineState *pcms,
899                     MemoryRegion *system_memory,
900                     MemoryRegion *rom_memory,
901                     uint64_t pci_hole64_size)
902 {
903     int linux_boot, i;
904     MemoryRegion *option_rom_mr;
905     MemoryRegion *ram_below_4g, *ram_above_4g;
906     FWCfgState *fw_cfg;
907     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(pcms);
908     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(machine);
909     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
910     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
911     hwaddr maxphysaddr, maxusedaddr;
912     hwaddr cxl_base, cxl_resv_end = 0;
913     X86CPU *cpu = X86_CPU(first_cpu);
914 
915     assert(machine->ram_size == x86ms->below_4g_mem_size +
916                                 x86ms->above_4g_mem_size);
917 
918     linux_boot = (machine->kernel_filename != NULL);
919 
920     /*
921      * The HyperTransport range close to the 1T boundary is unique to AMD
922      * hosts with IOMMUs enabled. Restrict the ram-above-4g relocation
923      * to above 1T to AMD vCPUs only. @enforce_amd_1tb_hole is only false in
924      * older machine types (<= 7.0) for compatibility purposes.
925      */
926     if (IS_AMD_CPU(&cpu->env) && pcmc->enforce_amd_1tb_hole) {
927         /* Bail out if max possible address does not cross HT range */
928         if (pc_max_used_gpa(pcms, pci_hole64_size) >= AMD_HT_START) {
929             x86ms->above_4g_mem_start = AMD_ABOVE_1TB_START;
930         }
931 
932         /*
933          * Advertise the HT region if address space covers the reserved
934          * region or if we relocate.
935          */
936         if (cpu->phys_bits >= 40) {
937             e820_add_entry(AMD_HT_START, AMD_HT_SIZE, E820_RESERVED);
938         }
939     }
940 
941     /*
942      * phys-bits is required to be appropriately configured
943      * to make sure max used GPA is reachable.
944      */
945     maxusedaddr = pc_max_used_gpa(pcms, pci_hole64_size);
946     maxphysaddr = ((hwaddr)1 << cpu->phys_bits) - 1;
947     if (maxphysaddr < maxusedaddr) {
948         error_report("Address space limit 0x%"PRIx64" < 0x%"PRIx64
949                      " phys-bits too low (%u)",
950                      maxphysaddr, maxusedaddr, cpu->phys_bits);
951         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
952     }
953 
954     /*
955      * Split single memory region and use aliases to address portions of it,
956      * done for backwards compatibility with older qemus.
957      */
958     ram_below_4g = g_malloc(sizeof(*ram_below_4g));
959     memory_region_init_alias(ram_below_4g, NULL, "ram-below-4g", machine->ram,
960                              0, x86ms->below_4g_mem_size);
961     memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, 0, ram_below_4g);
962     e820_add_entry(0, x86ms->below_4g_mem_size, E820_RAM);
963     if (x86ms->above_4g_mem_size > 0) {
964         ram_above_4g = g_malloc(sizeof(*ram_above_4g));
965         memory_region_init_alias(ram_above_4g, NULL, "ram-above-4g",
966                                  machine->ram,
967                                  x86ms->below_4g_mem_size,
968                                  x86ms->above_4g_mem_size);
969         memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, x86ms->above_4g_mem_start,
970                                     ram_above_4g);
971         e820_add_entry(x86ms->above_4g_mem_start, x86ms->above_4g_mem_size,
972                        E820_RAM);
973     }
974 
975     if (pcms->sgx_epc.size != 0) {
976         e820_add_entry(pcms->sgx_epc.base, pcms->sgx_epc.size, E820_RESERVED);
977     }
978 
979     if (!pcmc->has_reserved_memory &&
980         (machine->ram_slots ||
981          (machine->maxram_size > machine->ram_size))) {
982 
983         error_report("\"-memory 'slots|maxmem'\" is not supported by: %s",
984                      mc->name);
985         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
986     }
987 
988     /* initialize device memory address space */
989     if (pcmc->has_reserved_memory &&
990         (machine->ram_size < machine->maxram_size)) {
991         ram_addr_t device_mem_size;
992         hwaddr device_mem_base;
993 
994         if (machine->ram_slots > ACPI_MAX_RAM_SLOTS) {
995             error_report("unsupported amount of memory slots: %"PRIu64,
996                          machine->ram_slots);
997             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
998         }
999 
1000         if (QEMU_ALIGN_UP(machine->maxram_size,
1001                           TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) != machine->maxram_size) {
1002             error_report("maximum memory size must by aligned to multiple of "
1003                          "%d bytes", TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
1004             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1005         }
1006 
1007         pc_get_device_memory_range(pcms, &device_mem_base, &device_mem_size);
1008 
1009         if (device_mem_base + device_mem_size < device_mem_size) {
1010             error_report("unsupported amount of maximum memory: " RAM_ADDR_FMT,
1011                          machine->maxram_size);
1012             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1013         }
1014         machine_memory_devices_init(machine, device_mem_base, device_mem_size);
1015     }
1016 
1017     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
1018         MemoryRegion *mr = &pcms->cxl_devices_state.host_mr;
1019         hwaddr cxl_size = MiB;
1020 
1021         cxl_base = pc_get_cxl_range_start(pcms);
1022         memory_region_init(mr, OBJECT(machine), "cxl_host_reg", cxl_size);
1023         memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, cxl_base, mr);
1024         cxl_resv_end = cxl_base + cxl_size;
1025         if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows) {
1026             hwaddr cxl_fmw_base;
1027             GList *it;
1028 
1029             cxl_fmw_base = ROUND_UP(cxl_base + cxl_size, 256 * MiB);
1030             for (it = pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows; it; it = it->next) {
1031                 CXLFixedWindow *fw = it->data;
1032 
1033                 fw->base = cxl_fmw_base;
1034                 memory_region_init_io(&fw->mr, OBJECT(machine), &cfmws_ops, fw,
1035                                       "cxl-fixed-memory-region", fw->size);
1036                 memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, fw->base, &fw->mr);
1037                 cxl_fmw_base += fw->size;
1038                 cxl_resv_end = cxl_fmw_base;
1039             }
1040         }
1041     }
1042 
1043     /* Initialize PC system firmware */
1044     pc_system_firmware_init(pcms, rom_memory);
1045 
1046     option_rom_mr = g_malloc(sizeof(*option_rom_mr));
1047     memory_region_init_ram(option_rom_mr, NULL, "pc.rom", PC_ROM_SIZE,
1048                            &error_fatal);
1049     if (pcmc->pci_enabled) {
1050         memory_region_set_readonly(option_rom_mr, true);
1051     }
1052     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(rom_memory,
1053                                         PC_ROM_MIN_VGA,
1054                                         option_rom_mr,
1055                                         1);
1056 
1057     fw_cfg = fw_cfg_arch_create(machine,
1058                                 x86ms->boot_cpus, x86ms->apic_id_limit);
1059 
1060     rom_set_fw(fw_cfg);
1061 
1062     if (machine->device_memory) {
1063         uint64_t *val = g_malloc(sizeof(*val));
1064         uint64_t res_mem_end = machine->device_memory->base;
1065 
1066         if (!pcmc->broken_reserved_end) {
1067             res_mem_end += memory_region_size(&machine->device_memory->mr);
1068         }
1069 
1070         if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
1071             res_mem_end = cxl_resv_end;
1072         }
1073         *val = cpu_to_le64(ROUND_UP(res_mem_end, 1 * GiB));
1074         fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, "etc/reserved-memory-end", val, sizeof(*val));
1075     }
1076 
1077     if (linux_boot) {
1078         x86_load_linux(x86ms, fw_cfg, pcmc->acpi_data_size,
1079                        pcmc->pvh_enabled);
1080     }
1081 
1082     for (i = 0; i < nb_option_roms; i++) {
1083         rom_add_option(option_rom[i].name, option_rom[i].bootindex);
1084     }
1085     x86ms->fw_cfg = fw_cfg;
1086 
1087     /* Init default IOAPIC address space */
1088     x86ms->ioapic_as = &address_space_memory;
1089 
1090     /* Init ACPI memory hotplug IO base address */
1091     pcms->memhp_io_base = ACPI_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_BASE;
1092 }
1093 
1094 /*
1095  * The 64bit pci hole starts after "above 4G RAM" and
1096  * potentially the space reserved for memory hotplug.
1097  */
1098 uint64_t pc_pci_hole64_start(void)
1099 {
1100     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
1101     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
1102     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(pcms);
1103     uint64_t hole64_start = 0;
1104     ram_addr_t size = 0;
1105 
1106     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
1107         hole64_start = pc_get_cxl_range_end(pcms);
1108     } else if (pcmc->has_reserved_memory && (ms->ram_size < ms->maxram_size)) {
1109         pc_get_device_memory_range(pcms, &hole64_start, &size);
1110         if (!pcmc->broken_reserved_end) {
1111             hole64_start += size;
1112         }
1113     } else {
1114         hole64_start = pc_above_4g_end(pcms);
1115     }
1116 
1117     return ROUND_UP(hole64_start, 1 * GiB);
1118 }
1119 
1120 DeviceState *pc_vga_init(ISABus *isa_bus, PCIBus *pci_bus)
1121 {
1122     DeviceState *dev = NULL;
1123 
1124     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_VGA);
1125     if (pci_bus) {
1126         PCIDevice *pcidev = pci_vga_init(pci_bus);
1127         dev = pcidev ? &pcidev->qdev : NULL;
1128     } else if (isa_bus) {
1129         ISADevice *isadev = isa_vga_init(isa_bus);
1130         dev = isadev ? DEVICE(isadev) : NULL;
1131     }
1132     rom_reset_order_override();
1133     return dev;
1134 }
1135 
1136 static const MemoryRegionOps ioport80_io_ops = {
1137     .write = ioport80_write,
1138     .read = ioport80_read,
1139     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
1140     .impl = {
1141         .min_access_size = 1,
1142         .max_access_size = 1,
1143     },
1144 };
1145 
1146 static const MemoryRegionOps ioportF0_io_ops = {
1147     .write = ioportF0_write,
1148     .read = ioportF0_read,
1149     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
1150     .impl = {
1151         .min_access_size = 1,
1152         .max_access_size = 1,
1153     },
1154 };
1155 
1156 static void pc_superio_init(ISABus *isa_bus, bool create_fdctrl,
1157                             bool create_i8042, bool no_vmport)
1158 {
1159     int i;
1160     DriveInfo *fd[MAX_FD];
1161     qemu_irq *a20_line;
1162     ISADevice *fdc, *i8042, *port92, *vmmouse;
1163 
1164     serial_hds_isa_init(isa_bus, 0, MAX_ISA_SERIAL_PORTS);
1165     parallel_hds_isa_init(isa_bus, MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS);
1166 
1167     for (i = 0; i < MAX_FD; i++) {
1168         fd[i] = drive_get(IF_FLOPPY, 0, i);
1169         create_fdctrl |= !!fd[i];
1170     }
1171     if (create_fdctrl) {
1172         fdc = isa_new(TYPE_ISA_FDC);
1173         if (fdc) {
1174             isa_realize_and_unref(fdc, isa_bus, &error_fatal);
1175             isa_fdc_init_drives(fdc, fd);
1176         }
1177     }
1178 
1179     if (!create_i8042) {
1180         return;
1181     }
1182 
1183     i8042 = isa_create_simple(isa_bus, TYPE_I8042);
1184     if (!no_vmport) {
1185         isa_create_simple(isa_bus, TYPE_VMPORT);
1186         vmmouse = isa_try_new("vmmouse");
1187     } else {
1188         vmmouse = NULL;
1189     }
1190     if (vmmouse) {
1191         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(vmmouse), TYPE_I8042, OBJECT(i8042),
1192                                  &error_abort);
1193         isa_realize_and_unref(vmmouse, isa_bus, &error_fatal);
1194     }
1195     port92 = isa_create_simple(isa_bus, TYPE_PORT92);
1196 
1197     a20_line = qemu_allocate_irqs(handle_a20_line_change, first_cpu, 2);
1198     i8042_setup_a20_line(i8042, a20_line[0]);
1199     qdev_connect_gpio_out_named(DEVICE(port92),
1200                                 PORT92_A20_LINE, 0, a20_line[1]);
1201     g_free(a20_line);
1202 }
1203 
1204 void pc_basic_device_init(struct PCMachineState *pcms,
1205                           ISABus *isa_bus, qemu_irq *gsi,
1206                           ISADevice *rtc_state,
1207                           bool create_fdctrl,
1208                           uint32_t hpet_irqs)
1209 {
1210     int i;
1211     DeviceState *hpet = NULL;
1212     int pit_isa_irq = 0;
1213     qemu_irq pit_alt_irq = NULL;
1214     ISADevice *pit = NULL;
1215     MemoryRegion *ioport80_io = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
1216     MemoryRegion *ioportF0_io = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
1217     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
1218 
1219     memory_region_init_io(ioport80_io, NULL, &ioport80_io_ops, NULL, "ioport80", 1);
1220     memory_region_add_subregion(isa_bus->address_space_io, 0x80, ioport80_io);
1221 
1222     memory_region_init_io(ioportF0_io, NULL, &ioportF0_io_ops, NULL, "ioportF0", 1);
1223     memory_region_add_subregion(isa_bus->address_space_io, 0xf0, ioportF0_io);
1224 
1225     /*
1226      * Check if an HPET shall be created.
1227      */
1228     if (pcms->hpet_enabled) {
1229         qemu_irq rtc_irq;
1230 
1231         hpet = qdev_try_new(TYPE_HPET);
1232         if (!hpet) {
1233             error_report("couldn't create HPET device");
1234             exit(1);
1235         }
1236         /*
1237          * For pc-piix-*, hpet's intcap is always IRQ2. For pc-q35-*,
1238          * use IRQ16~23, IRQ8 and IRQ2.  If the user has already set
1239          * the property, use whatever mask they specified.
1240          */
1241         uint8_t compat = object_property_get_uint(OBJECT(hpet),
1242                 HPET_INTCAP, NULL);
1243         if (!compat) {
1244             qdev_prop_set_uint32(hpet, HPET_INTCAP, hpet_irqs);
1245         }
1246         sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(hpet), &error_fatal);
1247         sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(hpet), 0, HPET_BASE);
1248 
1249         for (i = 0; i < IOAPIC_NUM_PINS; i++) {
1250             sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(hpet), i, gsi[i]);
1251         }
1252         pit_isa_irq = -1;
1253         pit_alt_irq = qdev_get_gpio_in(hpet, HPET_LEGACY_PIT_INT);
1254         rtc_irq = qdev_get_gpio_in(hpet, HPET_LEGACY_RTC_INT);
1255 
1256         /* overwrite connection created by south bridge */
1257         qdev_connect_gpio_out(DEVICE(rtc_state), 0, rtc_irq);
1258     }
1259 
1260     object_property_add_alias(OBJECT(pcms), "rtc-time", OBJECT(rtc_state),
1261                               "date");
1262 
1263 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_EMU
1264     if (xen_mode == XEN_EMULATE) {
1265         xen_overlay_create();
1266         xen_evtchn_create(IOAPIC_NUM_PINS, gsi);
1267         xen_gnttab_create();
1268         xen_xenstore_create();
1269         if (pcms->bus) {
1270             pci_create_simple(pcms->bus, -1, "xen-platform");
1271         }
1272         xen_bus_init();
1273         xen_be_init();
1274     }
1275 #endif
1276 
1277     qemu_register_boot_set(pc_boot_set, rtc_state);
1278 
1279     if (!xen_enabled() &&
1280         (x86ms->pit == ON_OFF_AUTO_AUTO || x86ms->pit == ON_OFF_AUTO_ON)) {
1281         if (kvm_pit_in_kernel()) {
1282             pit = kvm_pit_init(isa_bus, 0x40);
1283         } else {
1284             pit = i8254_pit_init(isa_bus, 0x40, pit_isa_irq, pit_alt_irq);
1285         }
1286         if (hpet) {
1287             /* connect PIT to output control line of the HPET */
1288             qdev_connect_gpio_out(hpet, 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(pit), 0));
1289         }
1290         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(pcms->pcspk), "pit",
1291                                  OBJECT(pit), &error_fatal);
1292         isa_realize_and_unref(pcms->pcspk, isa_bus, &error_fatal);
1293     }
1294 
1295     /* Super I/O */
1296     pc_superio_init(isa_bus, create_fdctrl, pcms->i8042_enabled,
1297                     pcms->vmport != ON_OFF_AUTO_ON);
1298 }
1299 
1300 void pc_nic_init(PCMachineClass *pcmc, ISABus *isa_bus, PCIBus *pci_bus)
1301 {
1302     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(pcmc);
1303     bool default_is_ne2k = g_str_equal(mc->default_nic, TYPE_ISA_NE2000);
1304     NICInfo *nd;
1305 
1306     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_NIC);
1307 
1308     while ((nd = qemu_find_nic_info(TYPE_ISA_NE2000, default_is_ne2k, NULL))) {
1309         pc_init_ne2k_isa(isa_bus, nd, &error_fatal);
1310     }
1311 
1312     /* Anything remaining should be a PCI NIC */
1313     pci_init_nic_devices(pci_bus, mc->default_nic);
1314 
1315     rom_reset_order_override();
1316 }
1317 
1318 void pc_i8259_create(ISABus *isa_bus, qemu_irq *i8259_irqs)
1319 {
1320     qemu_irq *i8259;
1321 
1322     if (kvm_pic_in_kernel()) {
1323         i8259 = kvm_i8259_init(isa_bus);
1324     } else if (xen_enabled()) {
1325         i8259 = xen_interrupt_controller_init();
1326     } else {
1327         i8259 = i8259_init(isa_bus, x86_allocate_cpu_irq());
1328     }
1329 
1330     for (size_t i = 0; i < ISA_NUM_IRQS; i++) {
1331         i8259_irqs[i] = i8259[i];
1332     }
1333 
1334     g_free(i8259);
1335 }
1336 
1337 static void pc_memory_pre_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev, DeviceState *dev,
1338                                Error **errp)
1339 {
1340     const PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1341     const X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1342     const PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
1343     const MachineState *ms = MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1344     const bool is_nvdimm = object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_NVDIMM);
1345     const uint64_t legacy_align = TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
1346     Error *local_err = NULL;
1347 
1348     /*
1349      * When "acpi=off" is used with the Q35 machine type, no ACPI is built,
1350      * but pcms->acpi_dev is still created. Check !acpi_enabled in
1351      * addition to cover this case.
1352      */
1353     if (!x86ms->acpi_dev || !x86_machine_is_acpi_enabled(x86ms)) {
1354         error_setg(errp,
1355                    "memory hotplug is not enabled: missing acpi device or acpi disabled");
1356         return;
1357     }
1358 
1359     if (is_nvdimm && !ms->nvdimms_state->is_enabled) {
1360         error_setg(errp, "nvdimm is not enabled: missing 'nvdimm' in '-M'");
1361         return;
1362     }
1363 
1364     hotplug_handler_pre_plug(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev, &local_err);
1365     if (local_err) {
1366         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1367         return;
1368     }
1369 
1370     pc_dimm_pre_plug(PC_DIMM(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev),
1371                      pcmc->enforce_aligned_dimm ? NULL : &legacy_align, errp);
1372 }
1373 
1374 static void pc_memory_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1375                            DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1376 {
1377     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1378     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1379     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1380     bool is_nvdimm = object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_NVDIMM);
1381 
1382     pc_dimm_plug(PC_DIMM(dev), MACHINE(pcms));
1383 
1384     if (is_nvdimm) {
1385         nvdimm_plug(ms->nvdimms_state);
1386     }
1387 
1388     hotplug_handler_plug(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev, &error_abort);
1389 }
1390 
1391 static void pc_memory_unplug_request(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1392                                      DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1393 {
1394     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1395 
1396     /*
1397      * When "acpi=off" is used with the Q35 machine type, no ACPI is built,
1398      * but pcms->acpi_dev is still created. Check !acpi_enabled in
1399      * addition to cover this case.
1400      */
1401     if (!x86ms->acpi_dev || !x86_machine_is_acpi_enabled(x86ms)) {
1402         error_setg(errp,
1403                    "memory hotplug is not enabled: missing acpi device or acpi disabled");
1404         return;
1405     }
1406 
1407     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_NVDIMM)) {
1408         error_setg(errp, "nvdimm device hot unplug is not supported yet.");
1409         return;
1410     }
1411 
1412     hotplug_handler_unplug_request(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev,
1413                                    errp);
1414 }
1415 
1416 static void pc_memory_unplug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1417                              DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1418 {
1419     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1420     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1421     Error *local_err = NULL;
1422 
1423     hotplug_handler_unplug(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev, &local_err);
1424     if (local_err) {
1425         goto out;
1426     }
1427 
1428     pc_dimm_unplug(PC_DIMM(dev), MACHINE(pcms));
1429     qdev_unrealize(dev);
1430  out:
1431     error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1432 }
1433 
1434 static void pc_hv_balloon_pre_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1435                                    DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1436 {
1437     /* The vmbus handler has no hotplug handler; we should never end up here. */
1438     g_assert(!dev->hotplugged);
1439     memory_device_pre_plug(MEMORY_DEVICE(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), NULL,
1440                            errp);
1441 }
1442 
1443 static void pc_hv_balloon_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1444                                DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1445 {
1446     memory_device_plug(MEMORY_DEVICE(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev));
1447 }
1448 
1449 static void pc_machine_device_pre_plug_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1450                                           DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1451 {
1452     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1453         pc_memory_pre_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1454     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1455         x86_cpu_pre_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1456     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1457         virtio_md_pci_pre_plug(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), errp);
1458     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_IOMMU_PCI)) {
1459         /* Declare the APIC range as the reserved MSI region */
1460         char *resv_prop_str = g_strdup_printf("0xfee00000:0xfeefffff:%d",
1461                                               VIRTIO_IOMMU_RESV_MEM_T_MSI);
1462         QList *reserved_regions = qlist_new();
1463 
1464         qlist_append_str(reserved_regions, resv_prop_str);
1465         qdev_prop_set_array(dev, "reserved-regions", reserved_regions);
1466 
1467         g_free(resv_prop_str);
1468     }
1469 
1470     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_X86_IOMMU_DEVICE) ||
1471         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_IOMMU_PCI)) {
1472         PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1473 
1474         if (pcms->iommu) {
1475             error_setg(errp, "QEMU does not support multiple vIOMMUs "
1476                        "for x86 yet.");
1477             return;
1478         }
1479         pcms->iommu = dev;
1480     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_HV_BALLOON)) {
1481         pc_hv_balloon_pre_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1482     }
1483 }
1484 
1485 static void pc_machine_device_plug_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1486                                       DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1487 {
1488     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1489         pc_memory_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1490     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1491         x86_cpu_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1492     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1493         virtio_md_pci_plug(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), errp);
1494     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_HV_BALLOON)) {
1495         pc_hv_balloon_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1496     }
1497 }
1498 
1499 static void pc_machine_device_unplug_request_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1500                                                 DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1501 {
1502     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1503         pc_memory_unplug_request(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1504     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1505         x86_cpu_unplug_request_cb(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1506     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1507         virtio_md_pci_unplug_request(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev),
1508                                      errp);
1509     } else {
1510         error_setg(errp, "acpi: device unplug request for not supported device"
1511                    " type: %s", object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
1512     }
1513 }
1514 
1515 static void pc_machine_device_unplug_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1516                                         DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1517 {
1518     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1519         pc_memory_unplug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1520     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1521         x86_cpu_unplug_cb(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1522     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1523         virtio_md_pci_unplug(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), errp);
1524     } else {
1525         error_setg(errp, "acpi: device unplug for not supported device"
1526                    " type: %s", object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
1527     }
1528 }
1529 
1530 static HotplugHandler *pc_get_hotplug_handler(MachineState *machine,
1531                                              DeviceState *dev)
1532 {
1533     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM) ||
1534         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU) ||
1535         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI) ||
1536         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_IOMMU_PCI) ||
1537         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_HV_BALLOON) ||
1538         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_X86_IOMMU_DEVICE)) {
1539         return HOTPLUG_HANDLER(machine);
1540     }
1541 
1542     return NULL;
1543 }
1544 
1545 static void pc_machine_get_vmport(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1546                                   void *opaque, Error **errp)
1547 {
1548     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1549     OnOffAuto vmport = pcms->vmport;
1550 
1551     visit_type_OnOffAuto(v, name, &vmport, errp);
1552 }
1553 
1554 static void pc_machine_set_vmport(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1555                                   void *opaque, Error **errp)
1556 {
1557     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1558 
1559     visit_type_OnOffAuto(v, name, &pcms->vmport, errp);
1560 }
1561 
1562 static bool pc_machine_get_smbus(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1563 {
1564     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1565 
1566     return pcms->smbus_enabled;
1567 }
1568 
1569 static void pc_machine_set_smbus(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1570 {
1571     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1572 
1573     pcms->smbus_enabled = value;
1574 }
1575 
1576 static bool pc_machine_get_sata(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1577 {
1578     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1579 
1580     return pcms->sata_enabled;
1581 }
1582 
1583 static void pc_machine_set_sata(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1584 {
1585     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1586 
1587     pcms->sata_enabled = value;
1588 }
1589 
1590 static bool pc_machine_get_hpet(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1591 {
1592     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1593 
1594     return pcms->hpet_enabled;
1595 }
1596 
1597 static void pc_machine_set_hpet(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1598 {
1599     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1600 
1601     pcms->hpet_enabled = value;
1602 }
1603 
1604 static bool pc_machine_get_i8042(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1605 {
1606     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1607 
1608     return pcms->i8042_enabled;
1609 }
1610 
1611 static void pc_machine_set_i8042(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1612 {
1613     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1614 
1615     pcms->i8042_enabled = value;
1616 }
1617 
1618 static bool pc_machine_get_default_bus_bypass_iommu(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1619 {
1620     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1621 
1622     return pcms->default_bus_bypass_iommu;
1623 }
1624 
1625 static void pc_machine_set_default_bus_bypass_iommu(Object *obj, bool value,
1626                                                     Error **errp)
1627 {
1628     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1629 
1630     pcms->default_bus_bypass_iommu = value;
1631 }
1632 
1633 static void pc_machine_get_smbios_ep(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1634                                      void *opaque, Error **errp)
1635 {
1636     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1637     SmbiosEntryPointType smbios_entry_point_type = pcms->smbios_entry_point_type;
1638 
1639     visit_type_SmbiosEntryPointType(v, name, &smbios_entry_point_type, errp);
1640 }
1641 
1642 static void pc_machine_set_smbios_ep(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1643                                      void *opaque, Error **errp)
1644 {
1645     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1646 
1647     visit_type_SmbiosEntryPointType(v, name, &pcms->smbios_entry_point_type, errp);
1648 }
1649 
1650 static void pc_machine_get_max_ram_below_4g(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1651                                             const char *name, void *opaque,
1652                                             Error **errp)
1653 {
1654     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1655     uint64_t value = pcms->max_ram_below_4g;
1656 
1657     visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp);
1658 }
1659 
1660 static void pc_machine_set_max_ram_below_4g(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1661                                             const char *name, void *opaque,
1662                                             Error **errp)
1663 {
1664     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1665     uint64_t value;
1666 
1667     if (!visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp)) {
1668         return;
1669     }
1670     if (value > 4 * GiB) {
1671         error_setg(errp,
1672                    "Machine option 'max-ram-below-4g=%"PRIu64
1673                    "' expects size less than or equal to 4G", value);
1674         return;
1675     }
1676 
1677     if (value < 1 * MiB) {
1678         warn_report("Only %" PRIu64 " bytes of RAM below the 4GiB boundary,"
1679                     "BIOS may not work with less than 1MiB", value);
1680     }
1681 
1682     pcms->max_ram_below_4g = value;
1683 }
1684 
1685 static void pc_machine_get_max_fw_size(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1686                                        const char *name, void *opaque,
1687                                        Error **errp)
1688 {
1689     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1690     uint64_t value = pcms->max_fw_size;
1691 
1692     visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp);
1693 }
1694 
1695 static void pc_machine_set_max_fw_size(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1696                                        const char *name, void *opaque,
1697                                        Error **errp)
1698 {
1699     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1700     uint64_t value;
1701 
1702     if (!visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp)) {
1703         return;
1704     }
1705 
1706     /*
1707      * We don't have a theoretically justifiable exact lower bound on the base
1708      * address of any flash mapping. In practice, the IO-APIC MMIO range is
1709      * [0xFEE00000..0xFEE01000] -- see IO_APIC_DEFAULT_ADDRESS --, leaving free
1710      * only 18MiB-4KiB below 4GiB. For now, restrict the cumulative mapping to
1711      * 16MiB in size.
1712      */
1713     if (value > 16 * MiB) {
1714         error_setg(errp,
1715                    "User specified max allowed firmware size %" PRIu64 " is "
1716                    "greater than 16MiB. If combined firmware size exceeds "
1717                    "16MiB the system may not boot, or experience intermittent"
1718                    "stability issues.",
1719                    value);
1720         return;
1721     }
1722 
1723     pcms->max_fw_size = value;
1724 }
1725 
1726 
1727 static void pc_machine_initfn(Object *obj)
1728 {
1729     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1730     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
1731 
1732 #ifdef CONFIG_VMPORT
1733     pcms->vmport = ON_OFF_AUTO_AUTO;
1734 #else
1735     pcms->vmport = ON_OFF_AUTO_OFF;
1736 #endif /* CONFIG_VMPORT */
1737     pcms->max_ram_below_4g = 0; /* use default */
1738     pcms->smbios_entry_point_type = pcmc->default_smbios_ep_type;
1739     pcms->south_bridge = pcmc->default_south_bridge;
1740 
1741     /* acpi build is enabled by default if machine supports it */
1742     pcms->acpi_build_enabled = pcmc->has_acpi_build;
1743     pcms->smbus_enabled = true;
1744     pcms->sata_enabled = true;
1745     pcms->i8042_enabled = true;
1746     pcms->max_fw_size = 8 * MiB;
1747 #ifdef CONFIG_HPET
1748     pcms->hpet_enabled = true;
1749 #endif
1750     pcms->default_bus_bypass_iommu = false;
1751 
1752     pc_system_flash_create(pcms);
1753     pcms->pcspk = isa_new(TYPE_PC_SPEAKER);
1754     object_property_add_alias(OBJECT(pcms), "pcspk-audiodev",
1755                               OBJECT(pcms->pcspk), "audiodev");
1756     cxl_machine_init(obj, &pcms->cxl_devices_state);
1757 }
1758 
1759 static void pc_machine_reset(MachineState *machine, ShutdownCause reason)
1760 {
1761     CPUState *cs;
1762     X86CPU *cpu;
1763 
1764     qemu_devices_reset(reason);
1765 
1766     /* Reset APIC after devices have been reset to cancel
1767      * any changes that qemu_devices_reset() might have done.
1768      */
1769     CPU_FOREACH(cs) {
1770         cpu = X86_CPU(cs);
1771 
1772         x86_cpu_after_reset(cpu);
1773     }
1774 }
1775 
1776 static void pc_machine_wakeup(MachineState *machine)
1777 {
1778     cpu_synchronize_all_states();
1779     pc_machine_reset(machine, SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_NONE);
1780     cpu_synchronize_all_post_reset();
1781 }
1782 
1783 static bool pc_hotplug_allowed(MachineState *ms, DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1784 {
1785     X86IOMMUState *iommu = x86_iommu_get_default();
1786     IntelIOMMUState *intel_iommu;
1787 
1788     if (iommu &&
1789         object_dynamic_cast((Object *)iommu, TYPE_INTEL_IOMMU_DEVICE) &&
1790         object_dynamic_cast((Object *)dev, "vfio-pci")) {
1791         intel_iommu = INTEL_IOMMU_DEVICE(iommu);
1792         if (!intel_iommu->caching_mode) {
1793             error_setg(errp, "Device assignment is not allowed without "
1794                        "enabling caching-mode=on for Intel IOMMU.");
1795             return false;
1796         }
1797     }
1798 
1799     return true;
1800 }
1801 
1802 static void pc_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
1803 {
1804     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
1805     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
1806     HotplugHandlerClass *hc = HOTPLUG_HANDLER_CLASS(oc);
1807 
1808     pcmc->pci_enabled = true;
1809     pcmc->has_acpi_build = true;
1810     pcmc->rsdp_in_ram = true;
1811     pcmc->smbios_defaults = true;
1812     pcmc->smbios_uuid_encoded = true;
1813     pcmc->gigabyte_align = true;
1814     pcmc->has_reserved_memory = true;
1815     pcmc->kvmclock_enabled = true;
1816     pcmc->enforce_aligned_dimm = true;
1817     pcmc->enforce_amd_1tb_hole = true;
1818     /* BIOS ACPI tables: 128K. Other BIOS datastructures: less than 4K reported
1819      * to be used at the moment, 32K should be enough for a while.  */
1820     pcmc->acpi_data_size = 0x20000 + 0x8000;
1821     pcmc->pvh_enabled = true;
1822     pcmc->kvmclock_create_always = true;
1823     pcmc->resizable_acpi_blob = true;
1824     assert(!mc->get_hotplug_handler);
1825     mc->get_hotplug_handler = pc_get_hotplug_handler;
1826     mc->hotplug_allowed = pc_hotplug_allowed;
1827     mc->cpu_index_to_instance_props = x86_cpu_index_to_props;
1828     mc->get_default_cpu_node_id = x86_get_default_cpu_node_id;
1829     mc->possible_cpu_arch_ids = x86_possible_cpu_arch_ids;
1830     mc->auto_enable_numa_with_memhp = true;
1831     mc->auto_enable_numa_with_memdev = true;
1832     mc->has_hotpluggable_cpus = true;
1833     mc->default_boot_order = "cad";
1834     mc->block_default_type = IF_IDE;
1835     mc->max_cpus = 255;
1836     mc->reset = pc_machine_reset;
1837     mc->wakeup = pc_machine_wakeup;
1838     hc->pre_plug = pc_machine_device_pre_plug_cb;
1839     hc->plug = pc_machine_device_plug_cb;
1840     hc->unplug_request = pc_machine_device_unplug_request_cb;
1841     hc->unplug = pc_machine_device_unplug_cb;
1842     mc->default_cpu_type = TARGET_DEFAULT_CPU_TYPE;
1843     mc->nvdimm_supported = true;
1844     mc->smp_props.dies_supported = true;
1845     mc->default_ram_id = "pc.ram";
1846     pcmc->default_smbios_ep_type = SMBIOS_ENTRY_POINT_TYPE_64;
1847 
1848     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_RAM_BELOW_4G, "size",
1849         pc_machine_get_max_ram_below_4g, pc_machine_set_max_ram_below_4g,
1850         NULL, NULL);
1851     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_RAM_BELOW_4G,
1852         "Maximum ram below the 4G boundary (32bit boundary)");
1853 
1854     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_VMPORT, "OnOffAuto",
1855         pc_machine_get_vmport, pc_machine_set_vmport,
1856         NULL, NULL);
1857     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_VMPORT,
1858         "Enable vmport (pc & q35)");
1859 
1860     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBUS,
1861         pc_machine_get_smbus, pc_machine_set_smbus);
1862     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBUS,
1863         "Enable/disable system management bus");
1864 
1865     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, PC_MACHINE_SATA,
1866         pc_machine_get_sata, pc_machine_set_sata);
1867     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_SATA,
1868         "Enable/disable Serial ATA bus");
1869 
1870     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "hpet",
1871         pc_machine_get_hpet, pc_machine_set_hpet);
1872     object_class_property_set_description(oc, "hpet",
1873         "Enable/disable high precision event timer emulation");
1874 
1875     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, PC_MACHINE_I8042,
1876         pc_machine_get_i8042, pc_machine_set_i8042);
1877 
1878     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "default-bus-bypass-iommu",
1879         pc_machine_get_default_bus_bypass_iommu,
1880         pc_machine_set_default_bus_bypass_iommu);
1881 
1882     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_FW_SIZE, "size",
1883         pc_machine_get_max_fw_size, pc_machine_set_max_fw_size,
1884         NULL, NULL);
1885     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_FW_SIZE,
1886         "Maximum combined firmware size");
1887 
1888     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBIOS_EP, "str",
1889         pc_machine_get_smbios_ep, pc_machine_set_smbios_ep,
1890         NULL, NULL);
1891     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBIOS_EP,
1892         "SMBIOS Entry Point type [32, 64]");
1893 }
1894 
1895 static const TypeInfo pc_machine_info = {
1896     .name = TYPE_PC_MACHINE,
1897     .parent = TYPE_X86_MACHINE,
1898     .abstract = true,
1899     .instance_size = sizeof(PCMachineState),
1900     .instance_init = pc_machine_initfn,
1901     .class_size = sizeof(PCMachineClass),
1902     .class_init = pc_machine_class_init,
1903     .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
1904          { TYPE_HOTPLUG_HANDLER },
1905          { }
1906     },
1907 };
1908 
1909 static void pc_machine_register_types(void)
1910 {
1911     type_register_static(&pc_machine_info);
1912 }
1913 
1914 type_init(pc_machine_register_types)
1915