xref: /openbmc/qemu/hw/i386/pc.c (revision 00f463b3)
1 /*
2  * QEMU PC System Emulator
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include "qemu/units.h"
27 #include "hw/i386/x86.h"
28 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
29 #include "hw/char/serial.h"
30 #include "hw/char/parallel.h"
31 #include "hw/i386/topology.h"
32 #include "hw/i386/fw_cfg.h"
33 #include "hw/i386/vmport.h"
34 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
35 #include "hw/block/fdc.h"
36 #include "hw/ide/internal.h"
37 #include "hw/ide/isa.h"
38 #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
39 #include "hw/pci/pci_bus.h"
40 #include "hw/pci-bridge/pci_expander_bridge.h"
41 #include "hw/nvram/fw_cfg.h"
42 #include "hw/timer/hpet.h"
43 #include "hw/firmware/smbios.h"
44 #include "hw/loader.h"
45 #include "elf.h"
46 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
47 #include "multiboot.h"
48 #include "hw/rtc/mc146818rtc.h"
49 #include "hw/intc/i8259.h"
50 #include "hw/intc/ioapic.h"
51 #include "hw/timer/i8254.h"
52 #include "hw/input/i8042.h"
53 #include "hw/irq.h"
54 #include "hw/audio/pcspk.h"
55 #include "hw/pci/msi.h"
56 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
57 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
58 #include "sysemu/tcg.h"
59 #include "sysemu/numa.h"
60 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
61 #include "sysemu/xen.h"
62 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
63 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
64 #include "kvm/kvm_i386.h"
65 #include "hw/xen/xen.h"
66 #include "hw/xen/start_info.h"
67 #include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
68 #include "exec/memory.h"
69 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"
70 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
71 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
72 #include "qemu/option.h"
73 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
74 #include "hw/acpi/acpi.h"
75 #include "hw/acpi/cpu_hotplug.h"
76 #include "acpi-build.h"
77 #include "hw/mem/pc-dimm.h"
78 #include "hw/mem/nvdimm.h"
79 #include "hw/cxl/cxl.h"
80 #include "hw/cxl/cxl_host.h"
81 #include "qapi/error.h"
82 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-common.h"
83 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-machine.h"
84 #include "qapi/visitor.h"
85 #include "hw/core/cpu.h"
86 #include "hw/usb.h"
87 #include "hw/i386/intel_iommu.h"
88 #include "hw/net/ne2000-isa.h"
89 #include "standard-headers/asm-x86/bootparam.h"
90 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-iommu.h"
91 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-md-pci.h"
92 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_overlay.h"
93 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_evtchn.h"
94 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_gnttab.h"
95 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_xenstore.h"
96 #include "sysemu/replay.h"
97 #include "target/i386/cpu.h"
98 #include "e820_memory_layout.h"
99 #include "fw_cfg.h"
100 #include "trace.h"
101 #include CONFIG_DEVICES
102 
103 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_EMU
104 #include "hw/xen/xen-legacy-backend.h"
105 #include "hw/xen/xen-bus.h"
106 #endif
107 
108 /*
109  * Helper for setting model-id for CPU models that changed model-id
110  * depending on QEMU versions up to QEMU 2.4.
111  */
112 #define PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS(v) \
113     { "qemu32-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model-id", "QEMU Virtual CPU version " v, },\
114     { "qemu64-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model-id", "QEMU Virtual CPU version " v, },\
115     { "athlon-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model-id", "QEMU Virtual CPU version " v, },
116 
117 GlobalProperty pc_compat_8_1[] = {};
118 const size_t pc_compat_8_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_8_1);
119 
120 GlobalProperty pc_compat_8_0[] = {
121     { "virtio-mem", "unplugged-inaccessible", "auto" },
122 };
123 const size_t pc_compat_8_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_8_0);
124 
125 GlobalProperty pc_compat_7_2[] = {
126     { "ICH9-LPC", "noreboot", "true" },
127 };
128 const size_t pc_compat_7_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_7_2);
129 
130 GlobalProperty pc_compat_7_1[] = {};
131 const size_t pc_compat_7_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_7_1);
132 
133 GlobalProperty pc_compat_7_0[] = {};
134 const size_t pc_compat_7_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_7_0);
135 
136 GlobalProperty pc_compat_6_2[] = {
137     { "virtio-mem", "unplugged-inaccessible", "off" },
138 };
139 const size_t pc_compat_6_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_6_2);
140 
141 GlobalProperty pc_compat_6_1[] = {
142     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "hv-version-id-build", "0x1bbc" },
143     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "hv-version-id-major", "0x0006" },
144     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "hv-version-id-minor", "0x0001" },
145     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-keep-pci-slot-hpc", "false" },
146 };
147 const size_t pc_compat_6_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_6_1);
148 
149 GlobalProperty pc_compat_6_0[] = {
150     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "family", "6" },
151     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model", "6" },
152     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "3" },
153     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-vendor-cpuid-only", "off" },
154     { "ICH9-LPC", ACPI_PM_PROP_ACPI_PCIHP_BRIDGE, "off" },
155     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-keep-pci-slot-hpc", "true" },
156 };
157 const size_t pc_compat_6_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_6_0);
158 
159 GlobalProperty pc_compat_5_2[] = {
160     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-smi-cpu-hotunplug", "off" },
161 };
162 const size_t pc_compat_5_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_5_2);
163 
164 GlobalProperty pc_compat_5_1[] = {
165     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-smi-cpu-hotplug", "off" },
166     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "kvm-msi-ext-dest-id", "off" },
167 };
168 const size_t pc_compat_5_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_5_1);
169 
170 GlobalProperty pc_compat_5_0[] = {
171 };
172 const size_t pc_compat_5_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_5_0);
173 
174 GlobalProperty pc_compat_4_2[] = {
175     { "mch", "smbase-smram", "off" },
176 };
177 const size_t pc_compat_4_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_4_2);
178 
179 GlobalProperty pc_compat_4_1[] = {};
180 const size_t pc_compat_4_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_4_1);
181 
182 GlobalProperty pc_compat_4_0[] = {};
183 const size_t pc_compat_4_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_4_0);
184 
185 GlobalProperty pc_compat_3_1[] = {
186     { "intel-iommu", "dma-drain", "off" },
187     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "off" },
188     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "off" },
189     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
190     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
191     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "off" },
192     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
193     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
194     { "EPYC" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
195     { "EPYC" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
196     { "EPYC-IBPB" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
197     { "EPYC-IBPB" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
198     { "Skylake-Client" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
199     { "Skylake-Client-IBRS" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "mpx", "on" },
200     { "Skylake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
201     { "Skylake-Server-IBRS" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "mpx", "on" },
202     { "Cascadelake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,  "mpx", "on" },
203     { "Icelake-Client" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
204     { "Icelake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
205     { "Cascadelake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "5" },
206     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-intel-pt-auto-level", "off" },
207 };
208 const size_t pc_compat_3_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_3_1);
209 
210 GlobalProperty pc_compat_3_0[] = {
211     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-hv-synic-kvm-only", "on" },
212     { "Skylake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "pku", "off" },
213     { "Skylake-Server-IBRS" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "pku", "off" },
214 };
215 const size_t pc_compat_3_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_3_0);
216 
217 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_12[] = {
218     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "legacy-cache", "on" },
219     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "topoext", "off" },
220     { "EPYC-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
221     { "EPYC-IBPB-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
222 };
223 const size_t pc_compat_2_12_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_12);
224 
225 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_11[] = {
226     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-migrate-smi-count", "off" },
227     { "Skylake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "clflushopt", "off" },
228 };
229 const size_t pc_compat_2_11_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_11);
230 
231 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_10[] = {
232     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-hv-max-vps", "0x40" },
233     { "i440FX-pcihost", "x-pci-hole64-fix", "off" },
234     { "q35-pcihost", "x-pci-hole64-fix", "off" },
235 };
236 const size_t pc_compat_2_10_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_10);
237 
238 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_9[] = {
239     { "mch", "extended-tseg-mbytes", "0" },
240 };
241 const size_t pc_compat_2_9_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_9);
242 
243 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_8[] = {
244     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "tcg-cpuid", "off" },
245     { "kvmclock", "x-mach-use-reliable-get-clock", "off" },
246     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-smi-broadcast", "off" },
247     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "vmware-cpuid-freq", "off" },
248     { "Haswell-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "1" },
249 };
250 const size_t pc_compat_2_8_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_8);
251 
252 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_7[] = {
253     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "l3-cache", "off" },
254     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "full-cpuid-auto-level", "off" },
255     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "family", "15" },
256     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model", "6" },
257     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "1" },
258     { "isa-pcspk", "migrate", "off" },
259 };
260 const size_t pc_compat_2_7_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_7);
261 
262 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_6[] = {
263     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "cpuid-0xb", "off" },
264     { "vmxnet3", "romfile", "" },
265     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "fill-mtrr-mask", "off" },
266     { "apic-common", "legacy-instance-id", "on", }
267 };
268 const size_t pc_compat_2_6_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_6);
269 
270 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_5[] = {};
271 const size_t pc_compat_2_5_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_5);
272 
273 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_4[] = {
274     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.4.0")
275     { "Haswell-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
276     { "Haswell-noTSX-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
277     { "Broadwell-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
278     { "Broadwell-noTSX-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
279     { "host" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "host-cache-info", "on" },
280     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "check", "off" },
281     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "sse4a", "on" },
282     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "on" },
283     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "popcnt", "on" },
284     { "qemu32" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "popcnt", "on" },
285     { "Opteron_G2" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on" },
286     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on" },
287     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on" },
288     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on", }
289 };
290 const size_t pc_compat_2_4_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_4);
291 
292 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_3[] = {
293     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.3.0")
294     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "arat", "off" },
295     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "4" },
296     { "kvm64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "5" },
297     { "pentium3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "2" },
298     { "n270" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "5" },
299     { "Conroe" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "4" },
300     { "Penryn" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "4" },
301     { "Nehalem" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "4" },
302     { "n270" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
303     { "Penryn" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
304     { "Conroe" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
305     { "Nehalem" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
306     { "Westmere" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
307     { "SandyBridge" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
308     { "IvyBridge" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
309     { "Haswell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
310     { "Haswell-noTSX" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
311     { "Broadwell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
312     { "Broadwell-noTSX" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
313     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "kvm-no-smi-migration", "on" },
314 };
315 const size_t pc_compat_2_3_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_3);
316 
317 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_2[] = {
318     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.2.0")
319     { "kvm64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
320     { "kvm32" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
321     { "Conroe" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
322     { "Penryn" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
323     { "Nehalem" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
324     { "Westmere" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
325     { "SandyBridge" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
326     { "Haswell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
327     { "Broadwell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
328     { "Opteron_G1" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
329     { "Opteron_G2" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
330     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
331     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
332     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
333     { "Haswell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "f16c", "off" },
334     { "Haswell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdrand", "off" },
335     { "Broadwell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "f16c", "off" },
336     { "Broadwell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdrand", "off" },
337 };
338 const size_t pc_compat_2_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_2);
339 
340 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_1[] = {
341     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.1.0")
342     { "coreduo" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vmx", "on" },
343     { "core2duo" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vmx", "on" },
344 };
345 const size_t pc_compat_2_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_1);
346 
347 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_0[] = {
348     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.0.0")
349     { "virtio-scsi-pci", "any_layout", "off" },
350     { "PIIX4_PM", "memory-hotplug-support", "off" },
351     { "apic", "version", "0x11" },
352     { "nec-usb-xhci", "superspeed-ports-first", "off" },
353     { "nec-usb-xhci", "force-pcie-endcap", "on" },
354     { "pci-serial", "prog_if", "0" },
355     { "pci-serial-2x", "prog_if", "0" },
356     { "pci-serial-4x", "prog_if", "0" },
357     { "virtio-net-pci", "guest_announce", "off" },
358     { "ICH9-LPC", "memory-hotplug-support", "off" },
359 };
360 const size_t pc_compat_2_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_0);
361 
362 GlobalProperty pc_compat_1_7[] = {
363     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("1.7.0")
364     { TYPE_USB_DEVICE, "msos-desc", "no" },
365     { "PIIX4_PM", ACPI_PM_PROP_ACPI_PCIHP_BRIDGE, "off" },
366     { "hpet", HPET_INTCAP, "4" },
367 };
368 const size_t pc_compat_1_7_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_1_7);
369 
370 GlobalProperty pc_compat_1_6[] = {
371     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("1.6.0")
372     { "e1000", "mitigation", "off" },
373     { "qemu64-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model", "2" },
374     { "qemu32-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model", "3" },
375     { "i440FX-pcihost", "short_root_bus", "1" },
376     { "q35-pcihost", "short_root_bus", "1" },
377 };
378 const size_t pc_compat_1_6_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_1_6);
379 
380 GlobalProperty pc_compat_1_5[] = {
381     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("1.5.0")
382     { "Conroe-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model", "2" },
383     { "Conroe-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "2" },
384     { "Penryn-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model", "2" },
385     { "Penryn-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "2" },
386     { "Nehalem-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model", "2" },
387     { "Nehalem-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "2" },
388     { "virtio-net-pci", "any_layout", "off" },
389     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "pmu", "on" },
390     { "i440FX-pcihost", "short_root_bus", "0" },
391     { "q35-pcihost", "short_root_bus", "0" },
392 };
393 const size_t pc_compat_1_5_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_1_5);
394 
395 GlobalProperty pc_compat_1_4[] = {
396     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("1.4.0")
397     { "scsi-hd", "discard_granularity", "0" },
398     { "scsi-cd", "discard_granularity", "0" },
399     { "ide-hd", "discard_granularity", "0" },
400     { "ide-cd", "discard_granularity", "0" },
401     { "virtio-blk-pci", "discard_granularity", "0" },
402     /* DEV_NVECTORS_UNSPECIFIED as a uint32_t string: */
403     { "virtio-serial-pci", "vectors", "0xFFFFFFFF" },
404     { "virtio-net-pci", "ctrl_guest_offloads", "off" },
405     { "e1000", "romfile", "pxe-e1000.rom" },
406     { "ne2k_pci", "romfile", "pxe-ne2k_pci.rom" },
407     { "pcnet", "romfile", "pxe-pcnet.rom" },
408     { "rtl8139", "romfile", "pxe-rtl8139.rom" },
409     { "virtio-net-pci", "romfile", "pxe-virtio.rom" },
410     { "486-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model", "0" },
411     { "n270" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "movbe", "off" },
412     { "Westmere" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "pclmulqdq", "off" },
413 };
414 const size_t pc_compat_1_4_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_1_4);
415 
416 GSIState *pc_gsi_create(qemu_irq **irqs, bool pci_enabled)
417 {
418     GSIState *s;
419 
420     s = g_new0(GSIState, 1);
421     if (kvm_ioapic_in_kernel()) {
422         kvm_pc_setup_irq_routing(pci_enabled);
423     }
424     *irqs = qemu_allocate_irqs(gsi_handler, s, IOAPIC_NUM_PINS);
425 
426     return s;
427 }
428 
429 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t data,
430                            unsigned size)
431 {
432 }
433 
434 static uint64_t ioport80_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
435 {
436     return 0xffffffffffffffffULL;
437 }
438 
439 /* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
440 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t data,
441                            unsigned size)
442 {
443     if (tcg_enabled()) {
444         cpu_set_ignne();
445     }
446 }
447 
448 static uint64_t ioportF0_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
449 {
450     return 0xffffffffffffffffULL;
451 }
452 
453 /* PC cmos mappings */
454 
455 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE          0x14
456 
457 static void cmos_init_hd(MC146818RtcState *s, int type_ofs, int info_ofs,
458                          int16_t cylinders, int8_t heads, int8_t sectors)
459 {
460     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, type_ofs, 47);
461     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs, cylinders);
462     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8);
463     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 2, heads);
464     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff);
465     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff);
466     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3));
467     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders);
468     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8);
469     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors);
470 }
471 
472 /* convert boot_device letter to something recognizable by the bios */
473 static int boot_device2nibble(char boot_device)
474 {
475     switch(boot_device) {
476     case 'a':
477     case 'b':
478         return 0x01; /* floppy boot */
479     case 'c':
480         return 0x02; /* hard drive boot */
481     case 'd':
482         return 0x03; /* CD-ROM boot */
483     case 'n':
484         return 0x04; /* Network boot */
485     }
486     return 0;
487 }
488 
489 static void set_boot_dev(MC146818RtcState *s, const char *boot_device,
490                          Error **errp)
491 {
492 #define PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES 3
493     int nbds, bds[3] = { 0, };
494     int i;
495 
496     nbds = strlen(boot_device);
497     if (nbds > PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES) {
498         error_setg(errp, "Too many boot devices for PC");
499         return;
500     }
501     for (i = 0; i < nbds; i++) {
502         bds[i] = boot_device2nibble(boot_device[i]);
503         if (bds[i] == 0) {
504             error_setg(errp, "Invalid boot device for PC: '%c'",
505                        boot_device[i]);
506             return;
507         }
508     }
509     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x3d, (bds[1] << 4) | bds[0]);
510     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x38, (bds[2] << 4) | (fd_bootchk ? 0x0 : 0x1));
511 }
512 
513 static void pc_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device, Error **errp)
514 {
515     set_boot_dev(opaque, boot_device, errp);
516 }
517 
518 static void pc_cmos_init_floppy(MC146818RtcState *rtc_state, ISADevice *floppy)
519 {
520     int val, nb, i;
521     FloppyDriveType fd_type[2] = { FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE,
522                                    FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE };
523 
524     /* floppy type */
525     if (floppy) {
526         for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
527             fd_type[i] = isa_fdc_get_drive_type(floppy, i);
528         }
529     }
530     val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd_type[0]) << 4) |
531         cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd_type[1]);
532     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(rtc_state, 0x10, val);
533 
534     val = mc146818rtc_get_cmos_data(rtc_state, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE);
535     nb = 0;
536     if (fd_type[0] != FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE) {
537         nb++;
538     }
539     if (fd_type[1] != FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE) {
540         nb++;
541     }
542     switch (nb) {
543     case 0:
544         break;
545     case 1:
546         val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
547         break;
548     case 2:
549         val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
550         break;
551     }
552     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(rtc_state, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
553 }
554 
555 typedef struct pc_cmos_init_late_arg {
556     MC146818RtcState *rtc_state;
557     BusState *idebus[2];
558 } pc_cmos_init_late_arg;
559 
560 typedef struct check_fdc_state {
561     ISADevice *floppy;
562     bool multiple;
563 } CheckFdcState;
564 
565 static int check_fdc(Object *obj, void *opaque)
566 {
567     CheckFdcState *state = opaque;
568     Object *fdc;
569     uint32_t iobase;
570     Error *local_err = NULL;
571 
572     fdc = object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_ISA_FDC);
573     if (!fdc) {
574         return 0;
575     }
576 
577     iobase = object_property_get_uint(obj, "iobase", &local_err);
578     if (local_err || iobase != 0x3f0) {
579         error_free(local_err);
580         return 0;
581     }
582 
583     if (state->floppy) {
584         state->multiple = true;
585     } else {
586         state->floppy = ISA_DEVICE(obj);
587     }
588     return 0;
589 }
590 
591 static const char * const fdc_container_path[] = {
592     "/unattached", "/peripheral", "/peripheral-anon"
593 };
594 
595 /*
596  * Locate the FDC at IO address 0x3f0, in order to configure the CMOS registers
597  * and ACPI objects.
598  */
599 static ISADevice *pc_find_fdc0(void)
600 {
601     int i;
602     Object *container;
603     CheckFdcState state = { 0 };
604 
605     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(fdc_container_path); i++) {
606         container = container_get(qdev_get_machine(), fdc_container_path[i]);
607         object_child_foreach(container, check_fdc, &state);
608     }
609 
610     if (state.multiple) {
611         warn_report("multiple floppy disk controllers with "
612                     "iobase=0x3f0 have been found");
613         error_printf("the one being picked for CMOS setup might not reflect "
614                      "your intent");
615     }
616 
617     return state.floppy;
618 }
619 
620 static void pc_cmos_init_late(void *opaque)
621 {
622     pc_cmos_init_late_arg *arg = opaque;
623     MC146818RtcState *s = arg->rtc_state;
624     int16_t cylinders;
625     int8_t heads, sectors;
626     int val;
627     int i, trans;
628 
629     val = 0;
630     if (arg->idebus[0] && ide_get_geometry(arg->idebus[0], 0,
631                                            &cylinders, &heads, &sectors) >= 0) {
632         cmos_init_hd(s, 0x19, 0x1b, cylinders, heads, sectors);
633         val |= 0xf0;
634     }
635     if (arg->idebus[0] && ide_get_geometry(arg->idebus[0], 1,
636                                            &cylinders, &heads, &sectors) >= 0) {
637         cmos_init_hd(s, 0x1a, 0x24, cylinders, heads, sectors);
638         val |= 0x0f;
639     }
640     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x12, val);
641 
642     val = 0;
643     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
644         /* NOTE: ide_get_geometry() returns the physical
645            geometry.  It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1
646            <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS
647            geometry can be different if a translation is done. */
648         if (arg->idebus[i / 2] &&
649             ide_get_geometry(arg->idebus[i / 2], i % 2,
650                              &cylinders, &heads, &sectors) >= 0) {
651             trans = ide_get_bios_chs_trans(arg->idebus[i / 2], i % 2) - 1;
652             assert((trans & ~3) == 0);
653             val |= trans << (i * 2);
654         }
655     }
656     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x39, val);
657 
658     pc_cmos_init_floppy(s, pc_find_fdc0());
659 
660     qemu_unregister_reset(pc_cmos_init_late, opaque);
661 }
662 
663 void pc_cmos_init(PCMachineState *pcms,
664                   BusState *idebus0, BusState *idebus1,
665                   ISADevice *rtc)
666 {
667     int val;
668     static pc_cmos_init_late_arg arg;
669     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
670     MC146818RtcState *s = MC146818_RTC(rtc);
671 
672     /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
673 
674     /* memory size */
675     /* base memory (first MiB) */
676     val = MIN(x86ms->below_4g_mem_size / KiB, 640);
677     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x15, val);
678     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x16, val >> 8);
679     /* extended memory (next 64MiB) */
680     if (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size > 1 * MiB) {
681         val = (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size - 1 * MiB) / KiB;
682     } else {
683         val = 0;
684     }
685     if (val > 65535)
686         val = 65535;
687     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x17, val);
688     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x18, val >> 8);
689     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x30, val);
690     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x31, val >> 8);
691     /* memory between 16MiB and 4GiB */
692     if (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size > 16 * MiB) {
693         val = (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size - 16 * MiB) / (64 * KiB);
694     } else {
695         val = 0;
696     }
697     if (val > 65535)
698         val = 65535;
699     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x34, val);
700     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x35, val >> 8);
701     /* memory above 4GiB */
702     val = x86ms->above_4g_mem_size / 65536;
703     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x5b, val);
704     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x5c, val >> 8);
705     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x5d, val >> 16);
706 
707     object_property_add_link(OBJECT(pcms), "rtc_state",
708                              TYPE_ISA_DEVICE,
709                              (Object **)&x86ms->rtc,
710                              object_property_allow_set_link,
711                              OBJ_PROP_LINK_STRONG);
712     object_property_set_link(OBJECT(pcms), "rtc_state", OBJECT(s),
713                              &error_abort);
714 
715     set_boot_dev(s, MACHINE(pcms)->boot_config.order, &error_fatal);
716 
717     val = 0;
718     val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
719     val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
720     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
721 
722     /* hard drives and FDC */
723     arg.rtc_state = s;
724     arg.idebus[0] = idebus0;
725     arg.idebus[1] = idebus1;
726     qemu_register_reset(pc_cmos_init_late, &arg);
727 }
728 
729 static void handle_a20_line_change(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
730 {
731     X86CPU *cpu = opaque;
732 
733     /* XXX: send to all CPUs ? */
734     /* XXX: add logic to handle multiple A20 line sources */
735     x86_cpu_set_a20(cpu, level);
736 }
737 
738 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
739 
740 static const int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360,
741                                               0x280, 0x380 };
742 static const int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
743 
744 static void pc_init_ne2k_isa(ISABus *bus, NICInfo *nd)
745 {
746     static int nb_ne2k = 0;
747 
748     if (nb_ne2k == NE2000_NB_MAX)
749         return;
750     isa_ne2000_init(bus, ne2000_io[nb_ne2k],
751                     ne2000_irq[nb_ne2k], nd);
752     nb_ne2k++;
753 }
754 
755 void pc_acpi_smi_interrupt(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
756 {
757     X86CPU *cpu = opaque;
758 
759     if (level) {
760         cpu_interrupt(CPU(cpu), CPU_INTERRUPT_SMI);
761     }
762 }
763 
764 static
765 void pc_machine_done(Notifier *notifier, void *data)
766 {
767     PCMachineState *pcms = container_of(notifier,
768                                         PCMachineState, machine_done);
769     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
770 
771     cxl_hook_up_pxb_registers(pcms->bus, &pcms->cxl_devices_state,
772                               &error_fatal);
773 
774     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
775         cxl_fmws_link_targets(&pcms->cxl_devices_state, &error_fatal);
776     }
777 
778     /* set the number of CPUs */
779     x86_rtc_set_cpus_count(x86ms->rtc, x86ms->boot_cpus);
780 
781     fw_cfg_add_extra_pci_roots(pcms->bus, x86ms->fw_cfg);
782 
783     acpi_setup();
784     if (x86ms->fw_cfg) {
785         fw_cfg_build_smbios(MACHINE(pcms), x86ms->fw_cfg);
786         fw_cfg_build_feature_control(MACHINE(pcms), x86ms->fw_cfg);
787         /* update FW_CFG_NB_CPUS to account for -device added CPUs */
788         fw_cfg_modify_i16(x86ms->fw_cfg, FW_CFG_NB_CPUS, x86ms->boot_cpus);
789     }
790 }
791 
792 void pc_guest_info_init(PCMachineState *pcms)
793 {
794     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
795 
796     x86ms->apic_xrupt_override = true;
797     pcms->machine_done.notify = pc_machine_done;
798     qemu_add_machine_init_done_notifier(&pcms->machine_done);
799 }
800 
801 /* setup pci memory address space mapping into system address space */
802 void pc_pci_as_mapping_init(MemoryRegion *system_memory,
803                             MemoryRegion *pci_address_space)
804 {
805     /* Set to lower priority than RAM */
806     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(system_memory, 0x0,
807                                         pci_address_space, -1);
808 }
809 
810 void xen_load_linux(PCMachineState *pcms)
811 {
812     int i;
813     FWCfgState *fw_cfg;
814     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
815     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
816 
817     assert(MACHINE(pcms)->kernel_filename != NULL);
818 
819     fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init_io(FW_CFG_IO_BASE);
820     fw_cfg_add_i16(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_NB_CPUS, x86ms->boot_cpus);
821     rom_set_fw(fw_cfg);
822 
823     x86_load_linux(x86ms, fw_cfg, pcmc->acpi_data_size,
824                    pcmc->pvh_enabled);
825     for (i = 0; i < nb_option_roms; i++) {
826         assert(!strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "linuxboot.bin") ||
827                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "linuxboot_dma.bin") ||
828                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "pvh.bin") ||
829                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "multiboot.bin") ||
830                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "multiboot_dma.bin"));
831         rom_add_option(option_rom[i].name, option_rom[i].bootindex);
832     }
833     x86ms->fw_cfg = fw_cfg;
834 }
835 
836 #define PC_ROM_MIN_VGA     0xc0000
837 #define PC_ROM_MIN_OPTION  0xc8000
838 #define PC_ROM_MAX         0xe0000
839 #define PC_ROM_ALIGN       0x800
840 #define PC_ROM_SIZE        (PC_ROM_MAX - PC_ROM_MIN_VGA)
841 
842 static hwaddr pc_above_4g_end(PCMachineState *pcms)
843 {
844     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
845 
846     if (pcms->sgx_epc.size != 0) {
847         return sgx_epc_above_4g_end(&pcms->sgx_epc);
848     }
849 
850     return x86ms->above_4g_mem_start + x86ms->above_4g_mem_size;
851 }
852 
853 static void pc_get_device_memory_range(PCMachineState *pcms,
854                                        hwaddr *base,
855                                        ram_addr_t *device_mem_size)
856 {
857     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
858     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(pcms);
859     ram_addr_t size;
860     hwaddr addr;
861 
862     size = machine->maxram_size - machine->ram_size;
863     addr = ROUND_UP(pc_above_4g_end(pcms), 1 * GiB);
864 
865     if (pcmc->enforce_aligned_dimm) {
866         /* size device region assuming 1G page max alignment per slot */
867         size += (1 * GiB) * machine->ram_slots;
868     }
869 
870     *base = addr;
871     *device_mem_size = size;
872 }
873 
874 static uint64_t pc_get_cxl_range_start(PCMachineState *pcms)
875 {
876     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
877     hwaddr cxl_base;
878     ram_addr_t size;
879 
880     if (pcmc->has_reserved_memory) {
881         pc_get_device_memory_range(pcms, &cxl_base, &size);
882         cxl_base += size;
883     } else {
884         cxl_base = pc_above_4g_end(pcms);
885     }
886 
887     return cxl_base;
888 }
889 
890 static uint64_t pc_get_cxl_range_end(PCMachineState *pcms)
891 {
892     uint64_t start = pc_get_cxl_range_start(pcms) + MiB;
893 
894     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows) {
895         GList *it;
896 
897         start = ROUND_UP(start, 256 * MiB);
898         for (it = pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows; it; it = it->next) {
899             CXLFixedWindow *fw = it->data;
900             start += fw->size;
901         }
902     }
903 
904     return start;
905 }
906 
907 static hwaddr pc_max_used_gpa(PCMachineState *pcms, uint64_t pci_hole64_size)
908 {
909     X86CPU *cpu = X86_CPU(first_cpu);
910 
911     /* 32-bit systems don't have hole64 thus return max CPU address */
912     if (cpu->phys_bits <= 32) {
913         return ((hwaddr)1 << cpu->phys_bits) - 1;
914     }
915 
916     return pc_pci_hole64_start() + pci_hole64_size - 1;
917 }
918 
919 /*
920  * AMD systems with an IOMMU have an additional hole close to the
921  * 1Tb, which are special GPAs that cannot be DMA mapped. Depending
922  * on kernel version, VFIO may or may not let you DMA map those ranges.
923  * Starting Linux v5.4 we validate it, and can't create guests on AMD machines
924  * with certain memory sizes. It's also wrong to use those IOVA ranges
925  * in detriment of leading to IOMMU INVALID_DEVICE_REQUEST or worse.
926  * The ranges reserved for Hyper-Transport are:
927  *
928  * FD_0000_0000h - FF_FFFF_FFFFh
929  *
930  * The ranges represent the following:
931  *
932  * Base Address   Top Address  Use
933  *
934  * FD_0000_0000h FD_F7FF_FFFFh Reserved interrupt address space
935  * FD_F800_0000h FD_F8FF_FFFFh Interrupt/EOI IntCtl
936  * FD_F900_0000h FD_F90F_FFFFh Legacy PIC IACK
937  * FD_F910_0000h FD_F91F_FFFFh System Management
938  * FD_F920_0000h FD_FAFF_FFFFh Reserved Page Tables
939  * FD_FB00_0000h FD_FBFF_FFFFh Address Translation
940  * FD_FC00_0000h FD_FDFF_FFFFh I/O Space
941  * FD_FE00_0000h FD_FFFF_FFFFh Configuration
942  * FE_0000_0000h FE_1FFF_FFFFh Extended Configuration/Device Messages
943  * FE_2000_0000h FF_FFFF_FFFFh Reserved
944  *
945  * See AMD IOMMU spec, section 2.1.2 "IOMMU Logical Topology",
946  * Table 3: Special Address Controls (GPA) for more information.
947  */
948 #define AMD_HT_START         0xfd00000000UL
949 #define AMD_HT_END           0xffffffffffUL
950 #define AMD_ABOVE_1TB_START  (AMD_HT_END + 1)
951 #define AMD_HT_SIZE          (AMD_ABOVE_1TB_START - AMD_HT_START)
952 
953 void pc_memory_init(PCMachineState *pcms,
954                     MemoryRegion *system_memory,
955                     MemoryRegion *rom_memory,
956                     uint64_t pci_hole64_size)
957 {
958     int linux_boot, i;
959     MemoryRegion *option_rom_mr;
960     MemoryRegion *ram_below_4g, *ram_above_4g;
961     FWCfgState *fw_cfg;
962     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(pcms);
963     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(machine);
964     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
965     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
966     hwaddr maxphysaddr, maxusedaddr;
967     hwaddr cxl_base, cxl_resv_end = 0;
968     X86CPU *cpu = X86_CPU(first_cpu);
969 
970     assert(machine->ram_size == x86ms->below_4g_mem_size +
971                                 x86ms->above_4g_mem_size);
972 
973     linux_boot = (machine->kernel_filename != NULL);
974 
975     /*
976      * The HyperTransport range close to the 1T boundary is unique to AMD
977      * hosts with IOMMUs enabled. Restrict the ram-above-4g relocation
978      * to above 1T to AMD vCPUs only. @enforce_amd_1tb_hole is only false in
979      * older machine types (<= 7.0) for compatibility purposes.
980      */
981     if (IS_AMD_CPU(&cpu->env) && pcmc->enforce_amd_1tb_hole) {
982         /* Bail out if max possible address does not cross HT range */
983         if (pc_max_used_gpa(pcms, pci_hole64_size) >= AMD_HT_START) {
984             x86ms->above_4g_mem_start = AMD_ABOVE_1TB_START;
985         }
986 
987         /*
988          * Advertise the HT region if address space covers the reserved
989          * region or if we relocate.
990          */
991         if (cpu->phys_bits >= 40) {
992             e820_add_entry(AMD_HT_START, AMD_HT_SIZE, E820_RESERVED);
993         }
994     }
995 
996     /*
997      * phys-bits is required to be appropriately configured
998      * to make sure max used GPA is reachable.
999      */
1000     maxusedaddr = pc_max_used_gpa(pcms, pci_hole64_size);
1001     maxphysaddr = ((hwaddr)1 << cpu->phys_bits) - 1;
1002     if (maxphysaddr < maxusedaddr) {
1003         error_report("Address space limit 0x%"PRIx64" < 0x%"PRIx64
1004                      " phys-bits too low (%u)",
1005                      maxphysaddr, maxusedaddr, cpu->phys_bits);
1006         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1007     }
1008 
1009     /*
1010      * Split single memory region and use aliases to address portions of it,
1011      * done for backwards compatibility with older qemus.
1012      */
1013     ram_below_4g = g_malloc(sizeof(*ram_below_4g));
1014     memory_region_init_alias(ram_below_4g, NULL, "ram-below-4g", machine->ram,
1015                              0, x86ms->below_4g_mem_size);
1016     memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, 0, ram_below_4g);
1017     e820_add_entry(0, x86ms->below_4g_mem_size, E820_RAM);
1018     if (x86ms->above_4g_mem_size > 0) {
1019         ram_above_4g = g_malloc(sizeof(*ram_above_4g));
1020         memory_region_init_alias(ram_above_4g, NULL, "ram-above-4g",
1021                                  machine->ram,
1022                                  x86ms->below_4g_mem_size,
1023                                  x86ms->above_4g_mem_size);
1024         memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, x86ms->above_4g_mem_start,
1025                                     ram_above_4g);
1026         e820_add_entry(x86ms->above_4g_mem_start, x86ms->above_4g_mem_size,
1027                        E820_RAM);
1028     }
1029 
1030     if (pcms->sgx_epc.size != 0) {
1031         e820_add_entry(pcms->sgx_epc.base, pcms->sgx_epc.size, E820_RESERVED);
1032     }
1033 
1034     if (!pcmc->has_reserved_memory &&
1035         (machine->ram_slots ||
1036          (machine->maxram_size > machine->ram_size))) {
1037 
1038         error_report("\"-memory 'slots|maxmem'\" is not supported by: %s",
1039                      mc->name);
1040         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1041     }
1042 
1043     /* initialize device memory address space */
1044     if (pcmc->has_reserved_memory &&
1045         (machine->ram_size < machine->maxram_size)) {
1046         ram_addr_t device_mem_size;
1047         hwaddr device_mem_base;
1048 
1049         if (machine->ram_slots > ACPI_MAX_RAM_SLOTS) {
1050             error_report("unsupported amount of memory slots: %"PRIu64,
1051                          machine->ram_slots);
1052             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1053         }
1054 
1055         if (QEMU_ALIGN_UP(machine->maxram_size,
1056                           TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) != machine->maxram_size) {
1057             error_report("maximum memory size must by aligned to multiple of "
1058                          "%d bytes", TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
1059             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1060         }
1061 
1062         pc_get_device_memory_range(pcms, &device_mem_base, &device_mem_size);
1063 
1064         if (device_mem_base + device_mem_size < device_mem_size) {
1065             error_report("unsupported amount of maximum memory: " RAM_ADDR_FMT,
1066                          machine->maxram_size);
1067             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1068         }
1069         machine_memory_devices_init(machine, device_mem_base, device_mem_size);
1070     }
1071 
1072     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
1073         MemoryRegion *mr = &pcms->cxl_devices_state.host_mr;
1074         hwaddr cxl_size = MiB;
1075 
1076         cxl_base = pc_get_cxl_range_start(pcms);
1077         memory_region_init(mr, OBJECT(machine), "cxl_host_reg", cxl_size);
1078         memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, cxl_base, mr);
1079         cxl_resv_end = cxl_base + cxl_size;
1080         if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows) {
1081             hwaddr cxl_fmw_base;
1082             GList *it;
1083 
1084             cxl_fmw_base = ROUND_UP(cxl_base + cxl_size, 256 * MiB);
1085             for (it = pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows; it; it = it->next) {
1086                 CXLFixedWindow *fw = it->data;
1087 
1088                 fw->base = cxl_fmw_base;
1089                 memory_region_init_io(&fw->mr, OBJECT(machine), &cfmws_ops, fw,
1090                                       "cxl-fixed-memory-region", fw->size);
1091                 memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, fw->base, &fw->mr);
1092                 cxl_fmw_base += fw->size;
1093                 cxl_resv_end = cxl_fmw_base;
1094             }
1095         }
1096     }
1097 
1098     /* Initialize PC system firmware */
1099     pc_system_firmware_init(pcms, rom_memory);
1100 
1101     option_rom_mr = g_malloc(sizeof(*option_rom_mr));
1102     memory_region_init_ram(option_rom_mr, NULL, "pc.rom", PC_ROM_SIZE,
1103                            &error_fatal);
1104     if (pcmc->pci_enabled) {
1105         memory_region_set_readonly(option_rom_mr, true);
1106     }
1107     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(rom_memory,
1108                                         PC_ROM_MIN_VGA,
1109                                         option_rom_mr,
1110                                         1);
1111 
1112     fw_cfg = fw_cfg_arch_create(machine,
1113                                 x86ms->boot_cpus, x86ms->apic_id_limit);
1114 
1115     rom_set_fw(fw_cfg);
1116 
1117     if (machine->device_memory) {
1118         uint64_t *val = g_malloc(sizeof(*val));
1119         PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
1120         uint64_t res_mem_end = machine->device_memory->base;
1121 
1122         if (!pcmc->broken_reserved_end) {
1123             res_mem_end += memory_region_size(&machine->device_memory->mr);
1124         }
1125 
1126         if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
1127             res_mem_end = cxl_resv_end;
1128         }
1129         *val = cpu_to_le64(ROUND_UP(res_mem_end, 1 * GiB));
1130         fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, "etc/reserved-memory-end", val, sizeof(*val));
1131     }
1132 
1133     if (linux_boot) {
1134         x86_load_linux(x86ms, fw_cfg, pcmc->acpi_data_size,
1135                        pcmc->pvh_enabled);
1136     }
1137 
1138     for (i = 0; i < nb_option_roms; i++) {
1139         rom_add_option(option_rom[i].name, option_rom[i].bootindex);
1140     }
1141     x86ms->fw_cfg = fw_cfg;
1142 
1143     /* Init default IOAPIC address space */
1144     x86ms->ioapic_as = &address_space_memory;
1145 
1146     /* Init ACPI memory hotplug IO base address */
1147     pcms->memhp_io_base = ACPI_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_BASE;
1148 }
1149 
1150 /*
1151  * The 64bit pci hole starts after "above 4G RAM" and
1152  * potentially the space reserved for memory hotplug.
1153  */
1154 uint64_t pc_pci_hole64_start(void)
1155 {
1156     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
1157     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
1158     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(pcms);
1159     uint64_t hole64_start = 0;
1160     ram_addr_t size = 0;
1161 
1162     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
1163         hole64_start = pc_get_cxl_range_end(pcms);
1164     } else if (pcmc->has_reserved_memory && (ms->ram_size < ms->maxram_size)) {
1165         pc_get_device_memory_range(pcms, &hole64_start, &size);
1166         if (!pcmc->broken_reserved_end) {
1167             hole64_start += size;
1168         }
1169     } else {
1170         hole64_start = pc_above_4g_end(pcms);
1171     }
1172 
1173     return ROUND_UP(hole64_start, 1 * GiB);
1174 }
1175 
1176 DeviceState *pc_vga_init(ISABus *isa_bus, PCIBus *pci_bus)
1177 {
1178     DeviceState *dev = NULL;
1179 
1180     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_VGA);
1181     if (pci_bus) {
1182         PCIDevice *pcidev = pci_vga_init(pci_bus);
1183         dev = pcidev ? &pcidev->qdev : NULL;
1184     } else if (isa_bus) {
1185         ISADevice *isadev = isa_vga_init(isa_bus);
1186         dev = isadev ? DEVICE(isadev) : NULL;
1187     }
1188     rom_reset_order_override();
1189     return dev;
1190 }
1191 
1192 static const MemoryRegionOps ioport80_io_ops = {
1193     .write = ioport80_write,
1194     .read = ioport80_read,
1195     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
1196     .impl = {
1197         .min_access_size = 1,
1198         .max_access_size = 1,
1199     },
1200 };
1201 
1202 static const MemoryRegionOps ioportF0_io_ops = {
1203     .write = ioportF0_write,
1204     .read = ioportF0_read,
1205     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
1206     .impl = {
1207         .min_access_size = 1,
1208         .max_access_size = 1,
1209     },
1210 };
1211 
1212 static void pc_superio_init(ISABus *isa_bus, bool create_fdctrl,
1213                             bool create_i8042, bool no_vmport)
1214 {
1215     int i;
1216     DriveInfo *fd[MAX_FD];
1217     qemu_irq *a20_line;
1218     ISADevice *fdc, *i8042, *port92, *vmmouse;
1219 
1220     serial_hds_isa_init(isa_bus, 0, MAX_ISA_SERIAL_PORTS);
1221     parallel_hds_isa_init(isa_bus, MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS);
1222 
1223     for (i = 0; i < MAX_FD; i++) {
1224         fd[i] = drive_get(IF_FLOPPY, 0, i);
1225         create_fdctrl |= !!fd[i];
1226     }
1227     if (create_fdctrl) {
1228         fdc = isa_new(TYPE_ISA_FDC);
1229         if (fdc) {
1230             isa_realize_and_unref(fdc, isa_bus, &error_fatal);
1231             isa_fdc_init_drives(fdc, fd);
1232         }
1233     }
1234 
1235     if (!create_i8042) {
1236         return;
1237     }
1238 
1239     i8042 = isa_create_simple(isa_bus, TYPE_I8042);
1240     if (!no_vmport) {
1241         isa_create_simple(isa_bus, TYPE_VMPORT);
1242         vmmouse = isa_try_new("vmmouse");
1243     } else {
1244         vmmouse = NULL;
1245     }
1246     if (vmmouse) {
1247         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(vmmouse), TYPE_I8042, OBJECT(i8042),
1248                                  &error_abort);
1249         isa_realize_and_unref(vmmouse, isa_bus, &error_fatal);
1250     }
1251     port92 = isa_create_simple(isa_bus, TYPE_PORT92);
1252 
1253     a20_line = qemu_allocate_irqs(handle_a20_line_change, first_cpu, 2);
1254     i8042_setup_a20_line(i8042, a20_line[0]);
1255     qdev_connect_gpio_out_named(DEVICE(port92),
1256                                 PORT92_A20_LINE, 0, a20_line[1]);
1257     g_free(a20_line);
1258 }
1259 
1260 void pc_basic_device_init(struct PCMachineState *pcms,
1261                           ISABus *isa_bus, qemu_irq *gsi,
1262                           ISADevice *rtc_state,
1263                           bool create_fdctrl,
1264                           uint32_t hpet_irqs)
1265 {
1266     int i;
1267     DeviceState *hpet = NULL;
1268     int pit_isa_irq = 0;
1269     qemu_irq pit_alt_irq = NULL;
1270     qemu_irq rtc_irq = NULL;
1271     ISADevice *pit = NULL;
1272     MemoryRegion *ioport80_io = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
1273     MemoryRegion *ioportF0_io = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
1274     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
1275 
1276     memory_region_init_io(ioport80_io, NULL, &ioport80_io_ops, NULL, "ioport80", 1);
1277     memory_region_add_subregion(isa_bus->address_space_io, 0x80, ioport80_io);
1278 
1279     memory_region_init_io(ioportF0_io, NULL, &ioportF0_io_ops, NULL, "ioportF0", 1);
1280     memory_region_add_subregion(isa_bus->address_space_io, 0xf0, ioportF0_io);
1281 
1282     /*
1283      * Check if an HPET shall be created.
1284      *
1285      * Without KVM_CAP_PIT_STATE2, we cannot switch off the in-kernel PIT
1286      * when the HPET wants to take over. Thus we have to disable the latter.
1287      */
1288     if (pcms->hpet_enabled && (!kvm_irqchip_in_kernel() ||
1289                                kvm_has_pit_state2())) {
1290         hpet = qdev_try_new(TYPE_HPET);
1291         if (!hpet) {
1292             error_report("couldn't create HPET device");
1293             exit(1);
1294         }
1295         /*
1296          * For pc-piix-*, hpet's intcap is always IRQ2. For pc-q35-1.7 and
1297          * earlier, use IRQ2 for compat. Otherwise, use IRQ16~23, IRQ8 and
1298          * IRQ2.
1299          */
1300         uint8_t compat = object_property_get_uint(OBJECT(hpet),
1301                 HPET_INTCAP, NULL);
1302         if (!compat) {
1303             qdev_prop_set_uint32(hpet, HPET_INTCAP, hpet_irqs);
1304         }
1305         sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(hpet), &error_fatal);
1306         sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(hpet), 0, HPET_BASE);
1307 
1308         for (i = 0; i < IOAPIC_NUM_PINS; i++) {
1309             sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(hpet), i, gsi[i]);
1310         }
1311         pit_isa_irq = -1;
1312         pit_alt_irq = qdev_get_gpio_in(hpet, HPET_LEGACY_PIT_INT);
1313         rtc_irq = qdev_get_gpio_in(hpet, HPET_LEGACY_RTC_INT);
1314     }
1315 
1316     if (rtc_irq) {
1317         qdev_connect_gpio_out(DEVICE(rtc_state), 0, rtc_irq);
1318     } else {
1319         uint32_t irq = object_property_get_uint(OBJECT(rtc_state),
1320                                                 "irq",
1321                                                 &error_fatal);
1322         isa_connect_gpio_out(rtc_state, 0, irq);
1323     }
1324     object_property_add_alias(OBJECT(pcms), "rtc-time", OBJECT(rtc_state),
1325                               "date");
1326 
1327 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_EMU
1328     if (xen_mode == XEN_EMULATE) {
1329         xen_overlay_create();
1330         xen_evtchn_create(IOAPIC_NUM_PINS, gsi);
1331         xen_gnttab_create();
1332         xen_xenstore_create();
1333         if (pcms->bus) {
1334             pci_create_simple(pcms->bus, -1, "xen-platform");
1335         }
1336         xen_bus_init();
1337         xen_be_init();
1338     }
1339 #endif
1340 
1341     qemu_register_boot_set(pc_boot_set, rtc_state);
1342 
1343     if (!xen_enabled() &&
1344         (x86ms->pit == ON_OFF_AUTO_AUTO || x86ms->pit == ON_OFF_AUTO_ON)) {
1345         if (kvm_pit_in_kernel()) {
1346             pit = kvm_pit_init(isa_bus, 0x40);
1347         } else {
1348             pit = i8254_pit_init(isa_bus, 0x40, pit_isa_irq, pit_alt_irq);
1349         }
1350         if (hpet) {
1351             /* connect PIT to output control line of the HPET */
1352             qdev_connect_gpio_out(hpet, 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(pit), 0));
1353         }
1354         pcspk_init(pcms->pcspk, isa_bus, pit);
1355     }
1356 
1357     /* Super I/O */
1358     pc_superio_init(isa_bus, create_fdctrl, pcms->i8042_enabled,
1359                     pcms->vmport != ON_OFF_AUTO_ON);
1360 }
1361 
1362 void pc_nic_init(PCMachineClass *pcmc, ISABus *isa_bus, PCIBus *pci_bus)
1363 {
1364     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(pcmc);
1365     int i;
1366 
1367     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_NIC);
1368     for (i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {
1369         NICInfo *nd = &nd_table[i];
1370         const char *model = nd->model ? nd->model : mc->default_nic;
1371 
1372         if (g_str_equal(model, "ne2k_isa")) {
1373             pc_init_ne2k_isa(isa_bus, nd);
1374         } else {
1375             pci_nic_init_nofail(nd, pci_bus, model, NULL);
1376         }
1377     }
1378     rom_reset_order_override();
1379 }
1380 
1381 void pc_i8259_create(ISABus *isa_bus, qemu_irq *i8259_irqs)
1382 {
1383     qemu_irq *i8259;
1384 
1385     if (kvm_pic_in_kernel()) {
1386         i8259 = kvm_i8259_init(isa_bus);
1387     } else if (xen_enabled()) {
1388         i8259 = xen_interrupt_controller_init();
1389     } else {
1390         i8259 = i8259_init(isa_bus, x86_allocate_cpu_irq());
1391     }
1392 
1393     for (size_t i = 0; i < ISA_NUM_IRQS; i++) {
1394         i8259_irqs[i] = i8259[i];
1395     }
1396 
1397     g_free(i8259);
1398 }
1399 
1400 static void pc_memory_pre_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev, DeviceState *dev,
1401                                Error **errp)
1402 {
1403     const PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1404     const X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1405     const PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
1406     const MachineState *ms = MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1407     const bool is_nvdimm = object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_NVDIMM);
1408     const uint64_t legacy_align = TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
1409     Error *local_err = NULL;
1410 
1411     /*
1412      * When -no-acpi is used with Q35 machine type, no ACPI is built,
1413      * but pcms->acpi_dev is still created. Check !acpi_enabled in
1414      * addition to cover this case.
1415      */
1416     if (!x86ms->acpi_dev || !x86_machine_is_acpi_enabled(x86ms)) {
1417         error_setg(errp,
1418                    "memory hotplug is not enabled: missing acpi device or acpi disabled");
1419         return;
1420     }
1421 
1422     if (is_nvdimm && !ms->nvdimms_state->is_enabled) {
1423         error_setg(errp, "nvdimm is not enabled: missing 'nvdimm' in '-M'");
1424         return;
1425     }
1426 
1427     hotplug_handler_pre_plug(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev, &local_err);
1428     if (local_err) {
1429         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1430         return;
1431     }
1432 
1433     pc_dimm_pre_plug(PC_DIMM(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev),
1434                      pcmc->enforce_aligned_dimm ? NULL : &legacy_align, errp);
1435 }
1436 
1437 static void pc_memory_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1438                            DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1439 {
1440     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1441     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1442     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1443     bool is_nvdimm = object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_NVDIMM);
1444 
1445     pc_dimm_plug(PC_DIMM(dev), MACHINE(pcms));
1446 
1447     if (is_nvdimm) {
1448         nvdimm_plug(ms->nvdimms_state);
1449     }
1450 
1451     hotplug_handler_plug(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev, &error_abort);
1452 }
1453 
1454 static void pc_memory_unplug_request(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1455                                      DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1456 {
1457     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1458 
1459     /*
1460      * When -no-acpi is used with Q35 machine type, no ACPI is built,
1461      * but pcms->acpi_dev is still created. Check !acpi_enabled in
1462      * addition to cover this case.
1463      */
1464     if (!x86ms->acpi_dev || !x86_machine_is_acpi_enabled(x86ms)) {
1465         error_setg(errp,
1466                    "memory hotplug is not enabled: missing acpi device or acpi disabled");
1467         return;
1468     }
1469 
1470     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_NVDIMM)) {
1471         error_setg(errp, "nvdimm device hot unplug is not supported yet.");
1472         return;
1473     }
1474 
1475     hotplug_handler_unplug_request(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev,
1476                                    errp);
1477 }
1478 
1479 static void pc_memory_unplug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1480                              DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1481 {
1482     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1483     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1484     Error *local_err = NULL;
1485 
1486     hotplug_handler_unplug(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev, &local_err);
1487     if (local_err) {
1488         goto out;
1489     }
1490 
1491     pc_dimm_unplug(PC_DIMM(dev), MACHINE(pcms));
1492     qdev_unrealize(dev);
1493  out:
1494     error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1495 }
1496 
1497 static void pc_machine_device_pre_plug_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1498                                           DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1499 {
1500     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1501         pc_memory_pre_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1502     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1503         x86_cpu_pre_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1504     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1505         virtio_md_pci_pre_plug(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), errp);
1506     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_IOMMU_PCI)) {
1507         /* Declare the APIC range as the reserved MSI region */
1508         char *resv_prop_str = g_strdup_printf("0xfee00000:0xfeefffff:%d",
1509                                               VIRTIO_IOMMU_RESV_MEM_T_MSI);
1510 
1511         object_property_set_uint(OBJECT(dev), "len-reserved-regions", 1, errp);
1512         object_property_set_str(OBJECT(dev), "reserved-regions[0]",
1513                                 resv_prop_str, errp);
1514         g_free(resv_prop_str);
1515     }
1516 
1517     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_X86_IOMMU_DEVICE) ||
1518         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_IOMMU_PCI)) {
1519         PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1520 
1521         if (pcms->iommu) {
1522             error_setg(errp, "QEMU does not support multiple vIOMMUs "
1523                        "for x86 yet.");
1524             return;
1525         }
1526         pcms->iommu = dev;
1527     }
1528 }
1529 
1530 static void pc_machine_device_plug_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1531                                       DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1532 {
1533     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1534         pc_memory_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1535     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1536         x86_cpu_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1537     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1538         virtio_md_pci_plug(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), errp);
1539     }
1540 }
1541 
1542 static void pc_machine_device_unplug_request_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1543                                                 DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1544 {
1545     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1546         pc_memory_unplug_request(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1547     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1548         x86_cpu_unplug_request_cb(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1549     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1550         virtio_md_pci_unplug_request(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev),
1551                                      errp);
1552     } else {
1553         error_setg(errp, "acpi: device unplug request for not supported device"
1554                    " type: %s", object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
1555     }
1556 }
1557 
1558 static void pc_machine_device_unplug_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1559                                         DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1560 {
1561     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1562         pc_memory_unplug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1563     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1564         x86_cpu_unplug_cb(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1565     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1566         virtio_md_pci_unplug(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), errp);
1567     } else {
1568         error_setg(errp, "acpi: device unplug for not supported device"
1569                    " type: %s", object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
1570     }
1571 }
1572 
1573 static HotplugHandler *pc_get_hotplug_handler(MachineState *machine,
1574                                              DeviceState *dev)
1575 {
1576     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM) ||
1577         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU) ||
1578         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI) ||
1579         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_IOMMU_PCI) ||
1580         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_X86_IOMMU_DEVICE)) {
1581         return HOTPLUG_HANDLER(machine);
1582     }
1583 
1584     return NULL;
1585 }
1586 
1587 static void pc_machine_get_vmport(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1588                                   void *opaque, Error **errp)
1589 {
1590     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1591     OnOffAuto vmport = pcms->vmport;
1592 
1593     visit_type_OnOffAuto(v, name, &vmport, errp);
1594 }
1595 
1596 static void pc_machine_set_vmport(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1597                                   void *opaque, Error **errp)
1598 {
1599     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1600 
1601     visit_type_OnOffAuto(v, name, &pcms->vmport, errp);
1602 }
1603 
1604 static bool pc_machine_get_smbus(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1605 {
1606     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1607 
1608     return pcms->smbus_enabled;
1609 }
1610 
1611 static void pc_machine_set_smbus(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1612 {
1613     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1614 
1615     pcms->smbus_enabled = value;
1616 }
1617 
1618 static bool pc_machine_get_sata(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1619 {
1620     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1621 
1622     return pcms->sata_enabled;
1623 }
1624 
1625 static void pc_machine_set_sata(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1626 {
1627     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1628 
1629     pcms->sata_enabled = value;
1630 }
1631 
1632 static bool pc_machine_get_hpet(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1633 {
1634     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1635 
1636     return pcms->hpet_enabled;
1637 }
1638 
1639 static void pc_machine_set_hpet(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1640 {
1641     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1642 
1643     pcms->hpet_enabled = value;
1644 }
1645 
1646 static bool pc_machine_get_i8042(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1647 {
1648     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1649 
1650     return pcms->i8042_enabled;
1651 }
1652 
1653 static void pc_machine_set_i8042(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1654 {
1655     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1656 
1657     pcms->i8042_enabled = value;
1658 }
1659 
1660 static bool pc_machine_get_default_bus_bypass_iommu(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1661 {
1662     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1663 
1664     return pcms->default_bus_bypass_iommu;
1665 }
1666 
1667 static void pc_machine_set_default_bus_bypass_iommu(Object *obj, bool value,
1668                                                     Error **errp)
1669 {
1670     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1671 
1672     pcms->default_bus_bypass_iommu = value;
1673 }
1674 
1675 static void pc_machine_get_smbios_ep(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1676                                      void *opaque, Error **errp)
1677 {
1678     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1679     SmbiosEntryPointType smbios_entry_point_type = pcms->smbios_entry_point_type;
1680 
1681     visit_type_SmbiosEntryPointType(v, name, &smbios_entry_point_type, errp);
1682 }
1683 
1684 static void pc_machine_set_smbios_ep(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1685                                      void *opaque, Error **errp)
1686 {
1687     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1688 
1689     visit_type_SmbiosEntryPointType(v, name, &pcms->smbios_entry_point_type, errp);
1690 }
1691 
1692 static void pc_machine_get_max_ram_below_4g(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1693                                             const char *name, void *opaque,
1694                                             Error **errp)
1695 {
1696     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1697     uint64_t value = pcms->max_ram_below_4g;
1698 
1699     visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp);
1700 }
1701 
1702 static void pc_machine_set_max_ram_below_4g(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1703                                             const char *name, void *opaque,
1704                                             Error **errp)
1705 {
1706     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1707     uint64_t value;
1708 
1709     if (!visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp)) {
1710         return;
1711     }
1712     if (value > 4 * GiB) {
1713         error_setg(errp,
1714                    "Machine option 'max-ram-below-4g=%"PRIu64
1715                    "' expects size less than or equal to 4G", value);
1716         return;
1717     }
1718 
1719     if (value < 1 * MiB) {
1720         warn_report("Only %" PRIu64 " bytes of RAM below the 4GiB boundary,"
1721                     "BIOS may not work with less than 1MiB", value);
1722     }
1723 
1724     pcms->max_ram_below_4g = value;
1725 }
1726 
1727 static void pc_machine_get_max_fw_size(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1728                                        const char *name, void *opaque,
1729                                        Error **errp)
1730 {
1731     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1732     uint64_t value = pcms->max_fw_size;
1733 
1734     visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp);
1735 }
1736 
1737 static void pc_machine_set_max_fw_size(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1738                                        const char *name, void *opaque,
1739                                        Error **errp)
1740 {
1741     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1742     uint64_t value;
1743 
1744     if (!visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp)) {
1745         return;
1746     }
1747 
1748     /*
1749     * We don't have a theoretically justifiable exact lower bound on the base
1750     * address of any flash mapping. In practice, the IO-APIC MMIO range is
1751     * [0xFEE00000..0xFEE01000] -- see IO_APIC_DEFAULT_ADDRESS --, leaving free
1752     * only 18MB-4KB below 4G. For now, restrict the cumulative mapping to 8MB in
1753     * size.
1754     */
1755     if (value > 16 * MiB) {
1756         error_setg(errp,
1757                    "User specified max allowed firmware size %" PRIu64 " is "
1758                    "greater than 16MiB. If combined firwmare size exceeds "
1759                    "16MiB the system may not boot, or experience intermittent"
1760                    "stability issues.",
1761                    value);
1762         return;
1763     }
1764 
1765     pcms->max_fw_size = value;
1766 }
1767 
1768 
1769 static void pc_machine_initfn(Object *obj)
1770 {
1771     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1772     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
1773 
1774 #ifdef CONFIG_VMPORT
1775     pcms->vmport = ON_OFF_AUTO_AUTO;
1776 #else
1777     pcms->vmport = ON_OFF_AUTO_OFF;
1778 #endif /* CONFIG_VMPORT */
1779     pcms->max_ram_below_4g = 0; /* use default */
1780     pcms->smbios_entry_point_type = pcmc->default_smbios_ep_type;
1781 
1782     /* acpi build is enabled by default if machine supports it */
1783     pcms->acpi_build_enabled = pcmc->has_acpi_build;
1784     pcms->smbus_enabled = true;
1785     pcms->sata_enabled = true;
1786     pcms->i8042_enabled = true;
1787     pcms->max_fw_size = 8 * MiB;
1788 #ifdef CONFIG_HPET
1789     pcms->hpet_enabled = true;
1790 #endif
1791     pcms->default_bus_bypass_iommu = false;
1792 
1793     pc_system_flash_create(pcms);
1794     pcms->pcspk = isa_new(TYPE_PC_SPEAKER);
1795     object_property_add_alias(OBJECT(pcms), "pcspk-audiodev",
1796                               OBJECT(pcms->pcspk), "audiodev");
1797     cxl_machine_init(obj, &pcms->cxl_devices_state);
1798 }
1799 
1800 int pc_machine_kvm_type(MachineState *machine, const char *kvm_type)
1801 {
1802     return 0;
1803 }
1804 
1805 static void pc_machine_reset(MachineState *machine, ShutdownCause reason)
1806 {
1807     CPUState *cs;
1808     X86CPU *cpu;
1809 
1810     qemu_devices_reset(reason);
1811 
1812     /* Reset APIC after devices have been reset to cancel
1813      * any changes that qemu_devices_reset() might have done.
1814      */
1815     CPU_FOREACH(cs) {
1816         cpu = X86_CPU(cs);
1817 
1818         x86_cpu_after_reset(cpu);
1819     }
1820 }
1821 
1822 static void pc_machine_wakeup(MachineState *machine)
1823 {
1824     cpu_synchronize_all_states();
1825     pc_machine_reset(machine, SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_NONE);
1826     cpu_synchronize_all_post_reset();
1827 }
1828 
1829 static bool pc_hotplug_allowed(MachineState *ms, DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1830 {
1831     X86IOMMUState *iommu = x86_iommu_get_default();
1832     IntelIOMMUState *intel_iommu;
1833 
1834     if (iommu &&
1835         object_dynamic_cast((Object *)iommu, TYPE_INTEL_IOMMU_DEVICE) &&
1836         object_dynamic_cast((Object *)dev, "vfio-pci")) {
1837         intel_iommu = INTEL_IOMMU_DEVICE(iommu);
1838         if (!intel_iommu->caching_mode) {
1839             error_setg(errp, "Device assignment is not allowed without "
1840                        "enabling caching-mode=on for Intel IOMMU.");
1841             return false;
1842         }
1843     }
1844 
1845     return true;
1846 }
1847 
1848 static void pc_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
1849 {
1850     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
1851     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
1852     HotplugHandlerClass *hc = HOTPLUG_HANDLER_CLASS(oc);
1853 
1854     pcmc->pci_enabled = true;
1855     pcmc->has_acpi_build = true;
1856     pcmc->rsdp_in_ram = true;
1857     pcmc->smbios_defaults = true;
1858     pcmc->smbios_uuid_encoded = true;
1859     pcmc->gigabyte_align = true;
1860     pcmc->has_reserved_memory = true;
1861     pcmc->kvmclock_enabled = true;
1862     pcmc->enforce_aligned_dimm = true;
1863     pcmc->enforce_amd_1tb_hole = true;
1864     /* BIOS ACPI tables: 128K. Other BIOS datastructures: less than 4K reported
1865      * to be used at the moment, 32K should be enough for a while.  */
1866     pcmc->acpi_data_size = 0x20000 + 0x8000;
1867     pcmc->pvh_enabled = true;
1868     pcmc->kvmclock_create_always = true;
1869     pcmc->resizable_acpi_blob = true;
1870     assert(!mc->get_hotplug_handler);
1871     mc->get_hotplug_handler = pc_get_hotplug_handler;
1872     mc->hotplug_allowed = pc_hotplug_allowed;
1873     mc->cpu_index_to_instance_props = x86_cpu_index_to_props;
1874     mc->get_default_cpu_node_id = x86_get_default_cpu_node_id;
1875     mc->possible_cpu_arch_ids = x86_possible_cpu_arch_ids;
1876     mc->auto_enable_numa_with_memhp = true;
1877     mc->auto_enable_numa_with_memdev = true;
1878     mc->has_hotpluggable_cpus = true;
1879     mc->default_boot_order = "cad";
1880     mc->block_default_type = IF_IDE;
1881     mc->max_cpus = 255;
1882     mc->reset = pc_machine_reset;
1883     mc->wakeup = pc_machine_wakeup;
1884     hc->pre_plug = pc_machine_device_pre_plug_cb;
1885     hc->plug = pc_machine_device_plug_cb;
1886     hc->unplug_request = pc_machine_device_unplug_request_cb;
1887     hc->unplug = pc_machine_device_unplug_cb;
1888     mc->default_cpu_type = TARGET_DEFAULT_CPU_TYPE;
1889     mc->nvdimm_supported = true;
1890     mc->smp_props.dies_supported = true;
1891     mc->default_ram_id = "pc.ram";
1892     pcmc->default_smbios_ep_type = SMBIOS_ENTRY_POINT_TYPE_64;
1893 
1894     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_RAM_BELOW_4G, "size",
1895         pc_machine_get_max_ram_below_4g, pc_machine_set_max_ram_below_4g,
1896         NULL, NULL);
1897     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_RAM_BELOW_4G,
1898         "Maximum ram below the 4G boundary (32bit boundary)");
1899 
1900     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_VMPORT, "OnOffAuto",
1901         pc_machine_get_vmport, pc_machine_set_vmport,
1902         NULL, NULL);
1903     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_VMPORT,
1904         "Enable vmport (pc & q35)");
1905 
1906     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBUS,
1907         pc_machine_get_smbus, pc_machine_set_smbus);
1908     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBUS,
1909         "Enable/disable system management bus");
1910 
1911     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, PC_MACHINE_SATA,
1912         pc_machine_get_sata, pc_machine_set_sata);
1913     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_SATA,
1914         "Enable/disable Serial ATA bus");
1915 
1916     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "hpet",
1917         pc_machine_get_hpet, pc_machine_set_hpet);
1918     object_class_property_set_description(oc, "hpet",
1919         "Enable/disable high precision event timer emulation");
1920 
1921     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, PC_MACHINE_I8042,
1922         pc_machine_get_i8042, pc_machine_set_i8042);
1923 
1924     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "default-bus-bypass-iommu",
1925         pc_machine_get_default_bus_bypass_iommu,
1926         pc_machine_set_default_bus_bypass_iommu);
1927 
1928     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_FW_SIZE, "size",
1929         pc_machine_get_max_fw_size, pc_machine_set_max_fw_size,
1930         NULL, NULL);
1931     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_FW_SIZE,
1932         "Maximum combined firmware size");
1933 
1934     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBIOS_EP, "str",
1935         pc_machine_get_smbios_ep, pc_machine_set_smbios_ep,
1936         NULL, NULL);
1937     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBIOS_EP,
1938         "SMBIOS Entry Point type [32, 64]");
1939 }
1940 
1941 static const TypeInfo pc_machine_info = {
1942     .name = TYPE_PC_MACHINE,
1943     .parent = TYPE_X86_MACHINE,
1944     .abstract = true,
1945     .instance_size = sizeof(PCMachineState),
1946     .instance_init = pc_machine_initfn,
1947     .class_size = sizeof(PCMachineClass),
1948     .class_init = pc_machine_class_init,
1949     .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
1950          { TYPE_HOTPLUG_HANDLER },
1951          { }
1952     },
1953 };
1954 
1955 static void pc_machine_register_types(void)
1956 {
1957     type_register_static(&pc_machine_info);
1958 }
1959 
1960 type_init(pc_machine_register_types)
1961