xref: /openbmc/qemu/hw/core/loader.c (revision c8e1158cf611000eca67761eb19847c8e156e180)
1 /*
2  * QEMU Executable loader
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2006 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  *
24  * Gunzip functionality in this file is derived from u-boot:
25  *
26  * (C) Copyright 2008 Semihalf
27  *
28  * (C) Copyright 2000-2005
29  * Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
30  *
31  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
32  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
33  * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
34  * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
35  *
36  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
37  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
38  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the
39  * GNU General Public License for more details.
40  *
41  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
42  * with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
43  */
44 
45 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
46 #include "qapi/error.h"
47 #include "hw/hw.h"
48 #include "disas/disas.h"
49 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
50 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
51 #include "uboot_image.h"
52 #include "hw/loader.h"
53 #include "hw/nvram/fw_cfg.h"
54 #include "exec/memory.h"
55 #include "exec/address-spaces.h"
56 #include "hw/boards.h"
57 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
58 
59 #include <zlib.h>
60 
61 static int roms_loaded;
62 
63 /* return the size or -1 if error */
64 int get_image_size(const char *filename)
65 {
66     int fd, size;
67     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
68     if (fd < 0)
69         return -1;
70     size = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
71     close(fd);
72     return size;
73 }
74 
75 /* return the size or -1 if error */
76 /* deprecated, because caller does not specify buffer size! */
77 int load_image(const char *filename, uint8_t *addr)
78 {
79     int fd, size;
80     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
81     if (fd < 0)
82         return -1;
83     size = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
84     if (size == -1) {
85         fprintf(stderr, "file %-20s: get size error: %s\n",
86                 filename, strerror(errno));
87         close(fd);
88         return -1;
89     }
90 
91     lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
92     if (read(fd, addr, size) != size) {
93         close(fd);
94         return -1;
95     }
96     close(fd);
97     return size;
98 }
99 
100 /* return the size or -1 if error */
101 ssize_t load_image_size(const char *filename, void *addr, size_t size)
102 {
103     int fd;
104     ssize_t actsize;
105 
106     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
107     if (fd < 0) {
108         return -1;
109     }
110 
111     actsize = read(fd, addr, size);
112     if (actsize < 0) {
113         close(fd);
114         return -1;
115     }
116     close(fd);
117 
118     return actsize;
119 }
120 
121 /* read()-like version */
122 ssize_t read_targphys(const char *name,
123                       int fd, hwaddr dst_addr, size_t nbytes)
124 {
125     uint8_t *buf;
126     ssize_t did;
127 
128     buf = g_malloc(nbytes);
129     did = read(fd, buf, nbytes);
130     if (did > 0)
131         rom_add_blob_fixed("read", buf, did, dst_addr);
132     g_free(buf);
133     return did;
134 }
135 
136 int load_image_targphys(const char *filename,
137                         hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz)
138 {
139     return load_image_targphys_as(filename, addr, max_sz, NULL);
140 }
141 
142 /* return the size or -1 if error */
143 int load_image_targphys_as(const char *filename,
144                            hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz, AddressSpace *as)
145 {
146     int size;
147 
148     size = get_image_size(filename);
149     if (size > max_sz) {
150         return -1;
151     }
152     if (size > 0) {
153         rom_add_file_fixed_as(filename, addr, -1, as);
154     }
155     return size;
156 }
157 
158 int load_image_mr(const char *filename, MemoryRegion *mr)
159 {
160     int size;
161 
162     if (!memory_access_is_direct(mr, false)) {
163         /* Can only load an image into RAM or ROM */
164         return -1;
165     }
166 
167     size = get_image_size(filename);
168 
169     if (size > memory_region_size(mr)) {
170         return -1;
171     }
172     if (size > 0) {
173         if (rom_add_file_mr(filename, mr, -1) < 0) {
174             return -1;
175         }
176     }
177     return size;
178 }
179 
180 void pstrcpy_targphys(const char *name, hwaddr dest, int buf_size,
181                       const char *source)
182 {
183     const char *nulp;
184     char *ptr;
185 
186     if (buf_size <= 0) return;
187     nulp = memchr(source, 0, buf_size);
188     if (nulp) {
189         rom_add_blob_fixed(name, source, (nulp - source) + 1, dest);
190     } else {
191         rom_add_blob_fixed(name, source, buf_size, dest);
192         ptr = rom_ptr(dest + buf_size - 1);
193         *ptr = 0;
194     }
195 }
196 
197 /* A.OUT loader */
198 
199 struct exec
200 {
201   uint32_t a_info;   /* Use macros N_MAGIC, etc for access */
202   uint32_t a_text;   /* length of text, in bytes */
203   uint32_t a_data;   /* length of data, in bytes */
204   uint32_t a_bss;    /* length of uninitialized data area, in bytes */
205   uint32_t a_syms;   /* length of symbol table data in file, in bytes */
206   uint32_t a_entry;  /* start address */
207   uint32_t a_trsize; /* length of relocation info for text, in bytes */
208   uint32_t a_drsize; /* length of relocation info for data, in bytes */
209 };
210 
211 static void bswap_ahdr(struct exec *e)
212 {
213     bswap32s(&e->a_info);
214     bswap32s(&e->a_text);
215     bswap32s(&e->a_data);
216     bswap32s(&e->a_bss);
217     bswap32s(&e->a_syms);
218     bswap32s(&e->a_entry);
219     bswap32s(&e->a_trsize);
220     bswap32s(&e->a_drsize);
221 }
222 
223 #define N_MAGIC(exec) ((exec).a_info & 0xffff)
224 #define OMAGIC 0407
225 #define NMAGIC 0410
226 #define ZMAGIC 0413
227 #define QMAGIC 0314
228 #define _N_HDROFF(x) (1024 - sizeof (struct exec))
229 #define N_TXTOFF(x)							\
230     (N_MAGIC(x) == ZMAGIC ? _N_HDROFF((x)) + sizeof (struct exec) :	\
231      (N_MAGIC(x) == QMAGIC ? 0 : sizeof (struct exec)))
232 #define N_TXTADDR(x, target_page_size) (N_MAGIC(x) == QMAGIC ? target_page_size : 0)
233 #define _N_SEGMENT_ROUND(x, target_page_size) (((x) + target_page_size - 1) & ~(target_page_size - 1))
234 
235 #define _N_TXTENDADDR(x, target_page_size) (N_TXTADDR(x, target_page_size)+(x).a_text)
236 
237 #define N_DATADDR(x, target_page_size) \
238     (N_MAGIC(x)==OMAGIC? (_N_TXTENDADDR(x, target_page_size)) \
239      : (_N_SEGMENT_ROUND (_N_TXTENDADDR(x, target_page_size), target_page_size)))
240 
241 
242 int load_aout(const char *filename, hwaddr addr, int max_sz,
243               int bswap_needed, hwaddr target_page_size)
244 {
245     int fd;
246     ssize_t size, ret;
247     struct exec e;
248     uint32_t magic;
249 
250     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
251     if (fd < 0)
252         return -1;
253 
254     size = read(fd, &e, sizeof(e));
255     if (size < 0)
256         goto fail;
257 
258     if (bswap_needed) {
259         bswap_ahdr(&e);
260     }
261 
262     magic = N_MAGIC(e);
263     switch (magic) {
264     case ZMAGIC:
265     case QMAGIC:
266     case OMAGIC:
267         if (e.a_text + e.a_data > max_sz)
268             goto fail;
269 	lseek(fd, N_TXTOFF(e), SEEK_SET);
270 	size = read_targphys(filename, fd, addr, e.a_text + e.a_data);
271 	if (size < 0)
272 	    goto fail;
273 	break;
274     case NMAGIC:
275         if (N_DATADDR(e, target_page_size) + e.a_data > max_sz)
276             goto fail;
277 	lseek(fd, N_TXTOFF(e), SEEK_SET);
278 	size = read_targphys(filename, fd, addr, e.a_text);
279 	if (size < 0)
280 	    goto fail;
281         ret = read_targphys(filename, fd, addr + N_DATADDR(e, target_page_size),
282                             e.a_data);
283 	if (ret < 0)
284 	    goto fail;
285 	size += ret;
286 	break;
287     default:
288 	goto fail;
289     }
290     close(fd);
291     return size;
292  fail:
293     close(fd);
294     return -1;
295 }
296 
297 /* ELF loader */
298 
299 static void *load_at(int fd, off_t offset, size_t size)
300 {
301     void *ptr;
302     if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
303         return NULL;
304     ptr = g_malloc(size);
305     if (read(fd, ptr, size) != size) {
306         g_free(ptr);
307         return NULL;
308     }
309     return ptr;
310 }
311 
312 #ifdef ELF_CLASS
313 #undef ELF_CLASS
314 #endif
315 
316 #define ELF_CLASS   ELFCLASS32
317 #include "elf.h"
318 
319 #define SZ		32
320 #define elf_word        uint32_t
321 #define elf_sword        int32_t
322 #define bswapSZs	bswap32s
323 #include "hw/elf_ops.h"
324 
325 #undef elfhdr
326 #undef elf_phdr
327 #undef elf_shdr
328 #undef elf_sym
329 #undef elf_rela
330 #undef elf_note
331 #undef elf_word
332 #undef elf_sword
333 #undef bswapSZs
334 #undef SZ
335 #define elfhdr		elf64_hdr
336 #define elf_phdr	elf64_phdr
337 #define elf_note	elf64_note
338 #define elf_shdr	elf64_shdr
339 #define elf_sym		elf64_sym
340 #define elf_rela        elf64_rela
341 #define elf_word        uint64_t
342 #define elf_sword        int64_t
343 #define bswapSZs	bswap64s
344 #define SZ		64
345 #include "hw/elf_ops.h"
346 
347 const char *load_elf_strerror(int error)
348 {
349     switch (error) {
350     case 0:
351         return "No error";
352     case ELF_LOAD_FAILED:
353         return "Failed to load ELF";
354     case ELF_LOAD_NOT_ELF:
355         return "The image is not ELF";
356     case ELF_LOAD_WRONG_ARCH:
357         return "The image is from incompatible architecture";
358     case ELF_LOAD_WRONG_ENDIAN:
359         return "The image has incorrect endianness";
360     default:
361         return "Unknown error";
362     }
363 }
364 
365 void load_elf_hdr(const char *filename, void *hdr, bool *is64, Error **errp)
366 {
367     int fd;
368     uint8_t e_ident_local[EI_NIDENT];
369     uint8_t *e_ident;
370     size_t hdr_size, off;
371     bool is64l;
372 
373     if (!hdr) {
374         hdr = e_ident_local;
375     }
376     e_ident = hdr;
377 
378     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
379     if (fd < 0) {
380         error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "Failed to open file: %s", filename);
381         return;
382     }
383     if (read(fd, hdr, EI_NIDENT) != EI_NIDENT) {
384         error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "Failed to read file: %s", filename);
385         goto fail;
386     }
387     if (e_ident[0] != ELFMAG0 ||
388         e_ident[1] != ELFMAG1 ||
389         e_ident[2] != ELFMAG2 ||
390         e_ident[3] != ELFMAG3) {
391         error_setg(errp, "Bad ELF magic");
392         goto fail;
393     }
394 
395     is64l = e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS64;
396     hdr_size = is64l ? sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr) : sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr);
397     if (is64) {
398         *is64 = is64l;
399     }
400 
401     off = EI_NIDENT;
402     while (hdr != e_ident_local && off < hdr_size) {
403         size_t br = read(fd, hdr + off, hdr_size - off);
404         switch (br) {
405         case 0:
406             error_setg(errp, "File too short: %s", filename);
407             goto fail;
408         case -1:
409             error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "Failed to read file: %s",
410                              filename);
411             goto fail;
412         }
413         off += br;
414     }
415 
416 fail:
417     close(fd);
418 }
419 
420 /* return < 0 if error, otherwise the number of bytes loaded in memory */
421 int load_elf(const char *filename, uint64_t (*translate_fn)(void *, uint64_t),
422              void *translate_opaque, uint64_t *pentry, uint64_t *lowaddr,
423              uint64_t *highaddr, int big_endian, int elf_machine,
424              int clear_lsb, int data_swab)
425 {
426     return load_elf_as(filename, translate_fn, translate_opaque, pentry,
427                        lowaddr, highaddr, big_endian, elf_machine, clear_lsb,
428                        data_swab, NULL);
429 }
430 
431 /* return < 0 if error, otherwise the number of bytes loaded in memory */
432 int load_elf_as(const char *filename,
433                 uint64_t (*translate_fn)(void *, uint64_t),
434                 void *translate_opaque, uint64_t *pentry, uint64_t *lowaddr,
435                 uint64_t *highaddr, int big_endian, int elf_machine,
436                 int clear_lsb, int data_swab, AddressSpace *as)
437 {
438     return load_elf_ram(filename, translate_fn, translate_opaque,
439                         pentry, lowaddr, highaddr, big_endian, elf_machine,
440                         clear_lsb, data_swab, as, true);
441 }
442 
443 /* return < 0 if error, otherwise the number of bytes loaded in memory */
444 int load_elf_ram(const char *filename,
445                  uint64_t (*translate_fn)(void *, uint64_t),
446                  void *translate_opaque, uint64_t *pentry, uint64_t *lowaddr,
447                  uint64_t *highaddr, int big_endian, int elf_machine,
448                  int clear_lsb, int data_swab, AddressSpace *as,
449                  bool load_rom)
450 {
451     int fd, data_order, target_data_order, must_swab, ret = ELF_LOAD_FAILED;
452     uint8_t e_ident[EI_NIDENT];
453 
454     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
455     if (fd < 0) {
456         perror(filename);
457         return -1;
458     }
459     if (read(fd, e_ident, sizeof(e_ident)) != sizeof(e_ident))
460         goto fail;
461     if (e_ident[0] != ELFMAG0 ||
462         e_ident[1] != ELFMAG1 ||
463         e_ident[2] != ELFMAG2 ||
464         e_ident[3] != ELFMAG3) {
465         ret = ELF_LOAD_NOT_ELF;
466         goto fail;
467     }
468 #ifdef HOST_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
469     data_order = ELFDATA2MSB;
470 #else
471     data_order = ELFDATA2LSB;
472 #endif
473     must_swab = data_order != e_ident[EI_DATA];
474     if (big_endian) {
475         target_data_order = ELFDATA2MSB;
476     } else {
477         target_data_order = ELFDATA2LSB;
478     }
479 
480     if (target_data_order != e_ident[EI_DATA]) {
481         fprintf(stderr, "%s: wrong endianness\n", filename);
482         ret = ELF_LOAD_WRONG_ENDIAN;
483         goto fail;
484     }
485 
486     lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
487     if (e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS64) {
488         ret = load_elf64(filename, fd, translate_fn, translate_opaque, must_swab,
489                          pentry, lowaddr, highaddr, elf_machine, clear_lsb,
490                          data_swab, as, load_rom);
491     } else {
492         ret = load_elf32(filename, fd, translate_fn, translate_opaque, must_swab,
493                          pentry, lowaddr, highaddr, elf_machine, clear_lsb,
494                          data_swab, as, load_rom);
495     }
496 
497  fail:
498     close(fd);
499     return ret;
500 }
501 
502 static void bswap_uboot_header(uboot_image_header_t *hdr)
503 {
504 #ifndef HOST_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
505     bswap32s(&hdr->ih_magic);
506     bswap32s(&hdr->ih_hcrc);
507     bswap32s(&hdr->ih_time);
508     bswap32s(&hdr->ih_size);
509     bswap32s(&hdr->ih_load);
510     bswap32s(&hdr->ih_ep);
511     bswap32s(&hdr->ih_dcrc);
512 #endif
513 }
514 
515 
516 #define ZALLOC_ALIGNMENT	16
517 
518 static void *zalloc(void *x, unsigned items, unsigned size)
519 {
520     void *p;
521 
522     size *= items;
523     size = (size + ZALLOC_ALIGNMENT - 1) & ~(ZALLOC_ALIGNMENT - 1);
524 
525     p = g_malloc(size);
526 
527     return (p);
528 }
529 
530 static void zfree(void *x, void *addr)
531 {
532     g_free(addr);
533 }
534 
535 
536 #define HEAD_CRC	2
537 #define EXTRA_FIELD	4
538 #define ORIG_NAME	8
539 #define COMMENT		0x10
540 #define RESERVED	0xe0
541 
542 #define DEFLATED	8
543 
544 ssize_t gunzip(void *dst, size_t dstlen, uint8_t *src, size_t srclen)
545 {
546     z_stream s;
547     ssize_t dstbytes;
548     int r, i, flags;
549 
550     /* skip header */
551     i = 10;
552     flags = src[3];
553     if (src[2] != DEFLATED || (flags & RESERVED) != 0) {
554         puts ("Error: Bad gzipped data\n");
555         return -1;
556     }
557     if ((flags & EXTRA_FIELD) != 0)
558         i = 12 + src[10] + (src[11] << 8);
559     if ((flags & ORIG_NAME) != 0)
560         while (src[i++] != 0)
561             ;
562     if ((flags & COMMENT) != 0)
563         while (src[i++] != 0)
564             ;
565     if ((flags & HEAD_CRC) != 0)
566         i += 2;
567     if (i >= srclen) {
568         puts ("Error: gunzip out of data in header\n");
569         return -1;
570     }
571 
572     s.zalloc = zalloc;
573     s.zfree = zfree;
574 
575     r = inflateInit2(&s, -MAX_WBITS);
576     if (r != Z_OK) {
577         printf ("Error: inflateInit2() returned %d\n", r);
578         return (-1);
579     }
580     s.next_in = src + i;
581     s.avail_in = srclen - i;
582     s.next_out = dst;
583     s.avail_out = dstlen;
584     r = inflate(&s, Z_FINISH);
585     if (r != Z_OK && r != Z_STREAM_END) {
586         printf ("Error: inflate() returned %d\n", r);
587         return -1;
588     }
589     dstbytes = s.next_out - (unsigned char *) dst;
590     inflateEnd(&s);
591 
592     return dstbytes;
593 }
594 
595 /* Load a U-Boot image.  */
596 static int load_uboot_image(const char *filename, hwaddr *ep, hwaddr *loadaddr,
597                             int *is_linux, uint8_t image_type,
598                             uint64_t (*translate_fn)(void *, uint64_t),
599                             void *translate_opaque, AddressSpace *as)
600 {
601     int fd;
602     int size;
603     hwaddr address;
604     uboot_image_header_t h;
605     uboot_image_header_t *hdr = &h;
606     uint8_t *data = NULL;
607     int ret = -1;
608     int do_uncompress = 0;
609 
610     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
611     if (fd < 0)
612         return -1;
613 
614     size = read(fd, hdr, sizeof(uboot_image_header_t));
615     if (size < sizeof(uboot_image_header_t)) {
616         goto out;
617     }
618 
619     bswap_uboot_header(hdr);
620 
621     if (hdr->ih_magic != IH_MAGIC)
622         goto out;
623 
624     if (hdr->ih_type != image_type) {
625         fprintf(stderr, "Wrong image type %d, expected %d\n", hdr->ih_type,
626                 image_type);
627         goto out;
628     }
629 
630     /* TODO: Implement other image types.  */
631     switch (hdr->ih_type) {
632     case IH_TYPE_KERNEL:
633         address = hdr->ih_load;
634         if (translate_fn) {
635             address = translate_fn(translate_opaque, address);
636         }
637         if (loadaddr) {
638             *loadaddr = hdr->ih_load;
639         }
640 
641         switch (hdr->ih_comp) {
642         case IH_COMP_NONE:
643             break;
644         case IH_COMP_GZIP:
645             do_uncompress = 1;
646             break;
647         default:
648             fprintf(stderr,
649                     "Unable to load u-boot images with compression type %d\n",
650                     hdr->ih_comp);
651             goto out;
652         }
653 
654         if (ep) {
655             *ep = hdr->ih_ep;
656         }
657 
658         /* TODO: Check CPU type.  */
659         if (is_linux) {
660             if (hdr->ih_os == IH_OS_LINUX) {
661                 *is_linux = 1;
662             } else {
663                 *is_linux = 0;
664             }
665         }
666 
667         break;
668     case IH_TYPE_RAMDISK:
669         address = *loadaddr;
670         break;
671     default:
672         fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported u-boot image type %d\n", hdr->ih_type);
673         goto out;
674     }
675 
676     data = g_malloc(hdr->ih_size);
677 
678     if (read(fd, data, hdr->ih_size) != hdr->ih_size) {
679         fprintf(stderr, "Error reading file\n");
680         goto out;
681     }
682 
683     if (do_uncompress) {
684         uint8_t *compressed_data;
685         size_t max_bytes;
686         ssize_t bytes;
687 
688         compressed_data = data;
689         max_bytes = UBOOT_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES;
690         data = g_malloc(max_bytes);
691 
692         bytes = gunzip(data, max_bytes, compressed_data, hdr->ih_size);
693         g_free(compressed_data);
694         if (bytes < 0) {
695             fprintf(stderr, "Unable to decompress gzipped image!\n");
696             goto out;
697         }
698         hdr->ih_size = bytes;
699     }
700 
701     rom_add_blob_fixed_as(filename, data, hdr->ih_size, address, as);
702 
703     ret = hdr->ih_size;
704 
705 out:
706     g_free(data);
707     close(fd);
708     return ret;
709 }
710 
711 int load_uimage(const char *filename, hwaddr *ep, hwaddr *loadaddr,
712                 int *is_linux,
713                 uint64_t (*translate_fn)(void *, uint64_t),
714                 void *translate_opaque)
715 {
716     return load_uboot_image(filename, ep, loadaddr, is_linux, IH_TYPE_KERNEL,
717                             translate_fn, translate_opaque, NULL);
718 }
719 
720 int load_uimage_as(const char *filename, hwaddr *ep, hwaddr *loadaddr,
721                    int *is_linux,
722                    uint64_t (*translate_fn)(void *, uint64_t),
723                    void *translate_opaque, AddressSpace *as)
724 {
725     return load_uboot_image(filename, ep, loadaddr, is_linux, IH_TYPE_KERNEL,
726                             translate_fn, translate_opaque, as);
727 }
728 
729 /* Load a ramdisk.  */
730 int load_ramdisk(const char *filename, hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz)
731 {
732     return load_uboot_image(filename, NULL, &addr, NULL, IH_TYPE_RAMDISK,
733                             NULL, NULL, NULL);
734 }
735 
736 /* Load a gzip-compressed kernel to a dynamically allocated buffer. */
737 int load_image_gzipped_buffer(const char *filename, uint64_t max_sz,
738                               uint8_t **buffer)
739 {
740     uint8_t *compressed_data = NULL;
741     uint8_t *data = NULL;
742     gsize len;
743     ssize_t bytes;
744     int ret = -1;
745 
746     if (!g_file_get_contents(filename, (char **) &compressed_data, &len,
747                              NULL)) {
748         goto out;
749     }
750 
751     /* Is it a gzip-compressed file? */
752     if (len < 2 ||
753         compressed_data[0] != 0x1f ||
754         compressed_data[1] != 0x8b) {
755         goto out;
756     }
757 
758     if (max_sz > LOAD_IMAGE_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES) {
759         max_sz = LOAD_IMAGE_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES;
760     }
761 
762     data = g_malloc(max_sz);
763     bytes = gunzip(data, max_sz, compressed_data, len);
764     if (bytes < 0) {
765         fprintf(stderr, "%s: unable to decompress gzipped kernel file\n",
766                 filename);
767         goto out;
768     }
769 
770     /* trim to actual size and return to caller */
771     *buffer = g_realloc(data, bytes);
772     ret = bytes;
773     /* ownership has been transferred to caller */
774     data = NULL;
775 
776  out:
777     g_free(compressed_data);
778     g_free(data);
779     return ret;
780 }
781 
782 /* Load a gzip-compressed kernel. */
783 int load_image_gzipped(const char *filename, hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz)
784 {
785     int bytes;
786     uint8_t *data;
787 
788     bytes = load_image_gzipped_buffer(filename, max_sz, &data);
789     if (bytes != -1) {
790         rom_add_blob_fixed(filename, data, bytes, addr);
791         g_free(data);
792     }
793     return bytes;
794 }
795 
796 /*
797  * Functions for reboot-persistent memory regions.
798  *  - used for vga bios and option roms.
799  *  - also linux kernel (-kernel / -initrd).
800  */
801 
802 typedef struct Rom Rom;
803 
804 struct Rom {
805     char *name;
806     char *path;
807 
808     /* datasize is the amount of memory allocated in "data". If datasize is less
809      * than romsize, it means that the area from datasize to romsize is filled
810      * with zeros.
811      */
812     size_t romsize;
813     size_t datasize;
814 
815     uint8_t *data;
816     MemoryRegion *mr;
817     AddressSpace *as;
818     int isrom;
819     char *fw_dir;
820     char *fw_file;
821 
822     hwaddr addr;
823     QTAILQ_ENTRY(Rom) next;
824 };
825 
826 static FWCfgState *fw_cfg;
827 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, Rom) roms = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(roms);
828 
829 static inline bool rom_order_compare(Rom *rom, Rom *item)
830 {
831     return ((uintptr_t)(void *)rom->as > (uintptr_t)(void *)item->as) ||
832            (rom->as == item->as && rom->addr >= item->addr);
833 }
834 
835 static void rom_insert(Rom *rom)
836 {
837     Rom *item;
838 
839     if (roms_loaded) {
840         hw_error ("ROM images must be loaded at startup\n");
841     }
842 
843     /* The user didn't specify an address space, this is the default */
844     if (!rom->as) {
845         rom->as = &address_space_memory;
846     }
847 
848     /* List is ordered by load address in the same address space */
849     QTAILQ_FOREACH(item, &roms, next) {
850         if (rom_order_compare(rom, item)) {
851             continue;
852         }
853         QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(item, rom, next);
854         return;
855     }
856     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&roms, rom, next);
857 }
858 
859 static void fw_cfg_resized(const char *id, uint64_t length, void *host)
860 {
861     if (fw_cfg) {
862         fw_cfg_modify_file(fw_cfg, id + strlen("/rom@"), host, length);
863     }
864 }
865 
866 static void *rom_set_mr(Rom *rom, Object *owner, const char *name, bool ro)
867 {
868     void *data;
869 
870     rom->mr = g_malloc(sizeof(*rom->mr));
871     memory_region_init_resizeable_ram(rom->mr, owner, name,
872                                       rom->datasize, rom->romsize,
873                                       fw_cfg_resized,
874                                       &error_fatal);
875     memory_region_set_readonly(rom->mr, ro);
876     vmstate_register_ram_global(rom->mr);
877 
878     data = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(rom->mr);
879     memcpy(data, rom->data, rom->datasize);
880 
881     return data;
882 }
883 
884 int rom_add_file(const char *file, const char *fw_dir,
885                  hwaddr addr, int32_t bootindex,
886                  bool option_rom, MemoryRegion *mr,
887                  AddressSpace *as)
888 {
889     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(qdev_get_machine());
890     Rom *rom;
891     int rc, fd = -1;
892     char devpath[100];
893 
894     if (as && mr) {
895         fprintf(stderr, "Specifying an Address Space and Memory Region is " \
896                 "not valid when loading a rom\n");
897         /* We haven't allocated anything so we don't need any cleanup */
898         return -1;
899     }
900 
901     rom = g_malloc0(sizeof(*rom));
902     rom->name = g_strdup(file);
903     rom->path = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, rom->name);
904     rom->as = as;
905     if (rom->path == NULL) {
906         rom->path = g_strdup(file);
907     }
908 
909     fd = open(rom->path, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
910     if (fd == -1) {
911         fprintf(stderr, "Could not open option rom '%s': %s\n",
912                 rom->path, strerror(errno));
913         goto err;
914     }
915 
916     if (fw_dir) {
917         rom->fw_dir  = g_strdup(fw_dir);
918         rom->fw_file = g_strdup(file);
919     }
920     rom->addr     = addr;
921     rom->romsize  = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
922     if (rom->romsize == -1) {
923         fprintf(stderr, "rom: file %-20s: get size error: %s\n",
924                 rom->name, strerror(errno));
925         goto err;
926     }
927 
928     rom->datasize = rom->romsize;
929     rom->data     = g_malloc0(rom->datasize);
930     lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
931     rc = read(fd, rom->data, rom->datasize);
932     if (rc != rom->datasize) {
933         fprintf(stderr, "rom: file %-20s: read error: rc=%d (expected %zd)\n",
934                 rom->name, rc, rom->datasize);
935         goto err;
936     }
937     close(fd);
938     rom_insert(rom);
939     if (rom->fw_file && fw_cfg) {
940         const char *basename;
941         char fw_file_name[FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH];
942         void *data;
943 
944         basename = strrchr(rom->fw_file, '/');
945         if (basename) {
946             basename++;
947         } else {
948             basename = rom->fw_file;
949         }
950         snprintf(fw_file_name, sizeof(fw_file_name), "%s/%s", rom->fw_dir,
951                  basename);
952         snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/rom@%s", fw_file_name);
953 
954         if ((!option_rom || mc->option_rom_has_mr) && mc->rom_file_has_mr) {
955             data = rom_set_mr(rom, OBJECT(fw_cfg), devpath, true);
956         } else {
957             data = rom->data;
958         }
959 
960         fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, fw_file_name, data, rom->romsize);
961     } else {
962         if (mr) {
963             rom->mr = mr;
964             snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/rom@%s", file);
965         } else {
966             snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/rom@" TARGET_FMT_plx, addr);
967         }
968     }
969 
970     add_boot_device_path(bootindex, NULL, devpath);
971     return 0;
972 
973 err:
974     if (fd != -1)
975         close(fd);
976 
977     g_free(rom->data);
978     g_free(rom->path);
979     g_free(rom->name);
980     if (fw_dir) {
981         g_free(rom->fw_dir);
982         g_free(rom->fw_file);
983     }
984     g_free(rom);
985 
986     return -1;
987 }
988 
989 MemoryRegion *rom_add_blob(const char *name, const void *blob, size_t len,
990                    size_t max_len, hwaddr addr, const char *fw_file_name,
991                    FWCfgReadCallback fw_callback, void *callback_opaque,
992                    AddressSpace *as, bool read_only)
993 {
994     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(qdev_get_machine());
995     Rom *rom;
996     MemoryRegion *mr = NULL;
997 
998     rom           = g_malloc0(sizeof(*rom));
999     rom->name     = g_strdup(name);
1000     rom->as       = as;
1001     rom->addr     = addr;
1002     rom->romsize  = max_len ? max_len : len;
1003     rom->datasize = len;
1004     rom->data     = g_malloc0(rom->datasize);
1005     memcpy(rom->data, blob, len);
1006     rom_insert(rom);
1007     if (fw_file_name && fw_cfg) {
1008         char devpath[100];
1009         void *data;
1010 
1011         if (read_only) {
1012             snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/rom@%s", fw_file_name);
1013         } else {
1014             snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/ram@%s", fw_file_name);
1015         }
1016 
1017         if (mc->rom_file_has_mr) {
1018             data = rom_set_mr(rom, OBJECT(fw_cfg), devpath, read_only);
1019             mr = rom->mr;
1020         } else {
1021             data = rom->data;
1022         }
1023 
1024         fw_cfg_add_file_callback(fw_cfg, fw_file_name,
1025                                  fw_callback, callback_opaque,
1026                                  data, rom->datasize, read_only);
1027     }
1028     return mr;
1029 }
1030 
1031 /* This function is specific for elf program because we don't need to allocate
1032  * all the rom. We just allocate the first part and the rest is just zeros. This
1033  * is why romsize and datasize are different. Also, this function seize the
1034  * memory ownership of "data", so we don't have to allocate and copy the buffer.
1035  */
1036 int rom_add_elf_program(const char *name, void *data, size_t datasize,
1037                         size_t romsize, hwaddr addr, AddressSpace *as)
1038 {
1039     Rom *rom;
1040 
1041     rom           = g_malloc0(sizeof(*rom));
1042     rom->name     = g_strdup(name);
1043     rom->addr     = addr;
1044     rom->datasize = datasize;
1045     rom->romsize  = romsize;
1046     rom->data     = data;
1047     rom->as       = as;
1048     rom_insert(rom);
1049     return 0;
1050 }
1051 
1052 int rom_add_vga(const char *file)
1053 {
1054     return rom_add_file(file, "vgaroms", 0, -1, true, NULL, NULL);
1055 }
1056 
1057 int rom_add_option(const char *file, int32_t bootindex)
1058 {
1059     return rom_add_file(file, "genroms", 0, bootindex, true, NULL, NULL);
1060 }
1061 
1062 static void rom_reset(void *unused)
1063 {
1064     Rom *rom;
1065 
1066     QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
1067         if (rom->fw_file) {
1068             continue;
1069         }
1070         if (rom->data == NULL) {
1071             continue;
1072         }
1073         if (rom->mr) {
1074             void *host = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(rom->mr);
1075             memcpy(host, rom->data, rom->datasize);
1076         } else {
1077             cpu_physical_memory_write_rom(rom->as, rom->addr, rom->data,
1078                                           rom->datasize);
1079         }
1080         if (rom->isrom) {
1081             /* rom needs to be written only once */
1082             g_free(rom->data);
1083             rom->data = NULL;
1084         }
1085         /*
1086          * The rom loader is really on the same level as firmware in the guest
1087          * shadowing a ROM into RAM. Such a shadowing mechanism needs to ensure
1088          * that the instruction cache for that new region is clear, so that the
1089          * CPU definitely fetches its instructions from the just written data.
1090          */
1091         cpu_flush_icache_range(rom->addr, rom->datasize);
1092     }
1093 }
1094 
1095 int rom_check_and_register_reset(void)
1096 {
1097     hwaddr addr = 0;
1098     MemoryRegionSection section;
1099     Rom *rom;
1100     AddressSpace *as = NULL;
1101 
1102     QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
1103         if (rom->fw_file) {
1104             continue;
1105         }
1106         if ((addr > rom->addr) && (as == rom->as)) {
1107             fprintf(stderr, "rom: requested regions overlap "
1108                     "(rom %s. free=0x" TARGET_FMT_plx
1109                     ", addr=0x" TARGET_FMT_plx ")\n",
1110                     rom->name, addr, rom->addr);
1111             return -1;
1112         }
1113         addr  = rom->addr;
1114         addr += rom->romsize;
1115         section = memory_region_find(rom->mr ? rom->mr : get_system_memory(),
1116                                      rom->addr, 1);
1117         rom->isrom = int128_nz(section.size) && memory_region_is_rom(section.mr);
1118         memory_region_unref(section.mr);
1119         as = rom->as;
1120     }
1121     qemu_register_reset(rom_reset, NULL);
1122     roms_loaded = 1;
1123     return 0;
1124 }
1125 
1126 void rom_set_fw(FWCfgState *f)
1127 {
1128     fw_cfg = f;
1129 }
1130 
1131 void rom_set_order_override(int order)
1132 {
1133     if (!fw_cfg)
1134         return;
1135     fw_cfg_set_order_override(fw_cfg, order);
1136 }
1137 
1138 void rom_reset_order_override(void)
1139 {
1140     if (!fw_cfg)
1141         return;
1142     fw_cfg_reset_order_override(fw_cfg);
1143 }
1144 
1145 static Rom *find_rom(hwaddr addr)
1146 {
1147     Rom *rom;
1148 
1149     QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
1150         if (rom->fw_file) {
1151             continue;
1152         }
1153         if (rom->mr) {
1154             continue;
1155         }
1156         if (rom->addr > addr) {
1157             continue;
1158         }
1159         if (rom->addr + rom->romsize < addr) {
1160             continue;
1161         }
1162         return rom;
1163     }
1164     return NULL;
1165 }
1166 
1167 /*
1168  * Copies memory from registered ROMs to dest. Any memory that is contained in
1169  * a ROM between addr and addr + size is copied. Note that this can involve
1170  * multiple ROMs, which need not start at addr and need not end at addr + size.
1171  */
1172 int rom_copy(uint8_t *dest, hwaddr addr, size_t size)
1173 {
1174     hwaddr end = addr + size;
1175     uint8_t *s, *d = dest;
1176     size_t l = 0;
1177     Rom *rom;
1178 
1179     QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
1180         if (rom->fw_file) {
1181             continue;
1182         }
1183         if (rom->mr) {
1184             continue;
1185         }
1186         if (rom->addr + rom->romsize < addr) {
1187             continue;
1188         }
1189         if (rom->addr > end) {
1190             break;
1191         }
1192 
1193         d = dest + (rom->addr - addr);
1194         s = rom->data;
1195         l = rom->datasize;
1196 
1197         if ((d + l) > (dest + size)) {
1198             l = dest - d;
1199         }
1200 
1201         if (l > 0) {
1202             memcpy(d, s, l);
1203         }
1204 
1205         if (rom->romsize > rom->datasize) {
1206             /* If datasize is less than romsize, it means that we didn't
1207              * allocate all the ROM because the trailing data are only zeros.
1208              */
1209 
1210             d += l;
1211             l = rom->romsize - rom->datasize;
1212 
1213             if ((d + l) > (dest + size)) {
1214                 /* Rom size doesn't fit in the destination area. Adjust to avoid
1215                  * overflow.
1216                  */
1217                 l = dest - d;
1218             }
1219 
1220             if (l > 0) {
1221                 memset(d, 0x0, l);
1222             }
1223         }
1224     }
1225 
1226     return (d + l) - dest;
1227 }
1228 
1229 void *rom_ptr(hwaddr addr)
1230 {
1231     Rom *rom;
1232 
1233     rom = find_rom(addr);
1234     if (!rom || !rom->data)
1235         return NULL;
1236     return rom->data + (addr - rom->addr);
1237 }
1238 
1239 void hmp_info_roms(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
1240 {
1241     Rom *rom;
1242 
1243     QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
1244         if (rom->mr) {
1245             monitor_printf(mon, "%s"
1246                            " size=0x%06zx name=\"%s\"\n",
1247                            memory_region_name(rom->mr),
1248                            rom->romsize,
1249                            rom->name);
1250         } else if (!rom->fw_file) {
1251             monitor_printf(mon, "addr=" TARGET_FMT_plx
1252                            " size=0x%06zx mem=%s name=\"%s\"\n",
1253                            rom->addr, rom->romsize,
1254                            rom->isrom ? "rom" : "ram",
1255                            rom->name);
1256         } else {
1257             monitor_printf(mon, "fw=%s/%s"
1258                            " size=0x%06zx name=\"%s\"\n",
1259                            rom->fw_dir,
1260                            rom->fw_file,
1261                            rom->romsize,
1262                            rom->name);
1263         }
1264     }
1265 }
1266