xref: /openbmc/qemu/hw/block/pflash_cfi01.c (revision ca693d1c)
1 /*
2  *  CFI parallel flash with Intel command set emulation
3  *
4  *  Copyright (c) 2006 Thorsten Zitterell
5  *  Copyright (c) 2005 Jocelyn Mayer
6  *
7  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
9  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
10  * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11  *
12  * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
15  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
16  *
17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
18  * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
19  */
20 
21 /*
22  * For now, this code can emulate flashes of 1, 2 or 4 bytes width.
23  * Supported commands/modes are:
24  * - flash read
25  * - flash write
26  * - flash ID read
27  * - sector erase
28  * - CFI queries
29  *
30  * It does not support timings
31  * It does not support flash interleaving
32  * It does not implement software data protection as found in many real chips
33  * It does not implement erase suspend/resume commands
34  * It does not implement multiple sectors erase
35  *
36  * It does not implement much more ...
37  */
38 
39 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
40 #include "hw/hw.h"
41 #include "hw/block/block.h"
42 #include "hw/block/flash.h"
43 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
44 #include "qapi/error.h"
45 #include "qemu/timer.h"
46 #include "qemu/bitops.h"
47 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
48 #include "qemu/host-utils.h"
49 #include "qemu/log.h"
50 #include "qemu/option.h"
51 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
52 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
53 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
54 #include "trace.h"
55 
56 /* #define PFLASH_DEBUG */
57 #ifdef PFLASH_DEBUG
58 #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...)                                   \
59 do {                                                        \
60     fprintf(stderr, "PFLASH: " fmt , ## __VA_ARGS__);       \
61 } while (0)
62 #else
63 #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) do { } while (0)
64 #endif
65 
66 #define PFLASH_BE          0
67 #define PFLASH_SECURE      1
68 
69 struct PFlashCFI01 {
70     /*< private >*/
71     SysBusDevice parent_obj;
72     /*< public >*/
73 
74     BlockBackend *blk;
75     uint32_t nb_blocs;
76     uint64_t sector_len;
77     uint8_t bank_width;
78     uint8_t device_width; /* If 0, device width not specified. */
79     uint8_t max_device_width;  /* max device width in bytes */
80     uint32_t features;
81     uint8_t wcycle; /* if 0, the flash is read normally */
82     int ro;
83     uint8_t cmd;
84     uint8_t status;
85     uint16_t ident0;
86     uint16_t ident1;
87     uint16_t ident2;
88     uint16_t ident3;
89     uint8_t cfi_table[0x52];
90     uint64_t counter;
91     unsigned int writeblock_size;
92     QEMUTimer *timer;
93     MemoryRegion mem;
94     char *name;
95     void *storage;
96     VMChangeStateEntry *vmstate;
97     bool old_multiple_chip_handling;
98 };
99 
100 static int pflash_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id);
101 
102 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_pflash = {
103     .name = "pflash_cfi01",
104     .version_id = 1,
105     .minimum_version_id = 1,
106     .post_load = pflash_post_load,
107     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
108         VMSTATE_UINT8(wcycle, PFlashCFI01),
109         VMSTATE_UINT8(cmd, PFlashCFI01),
110         VMSTATE_UINT8(status, PFlashCFI01),
111         VMSTATE_UINT64(counter, PFlashCFI01),
112         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
113     }
114 };
115 
116 static void pflash_timer (void *opaque)
117 {
118     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
119 
120     trace_pflash_timer_expired(pfl->cmd);
121     /* Reset flash */
122     pfl->status ^= 0x80;
123     memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(&pfl->mem, true);
124     pfl->wcycle = 0;
125     pfl->cmd = 0;
126 }
127 
128 /* Perform a CFI query based on the bank width of the flash.
129  * If this code is called we know we have a device_width set for
130  * this flash.
131  */
132 static uint32_t pflash_cfi_query(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset)
133 {
134     int i;
135     uint32_t resp = 0;
136     hwaddr boff;
137 
138     /* Adjust incoming offset to match expected device-width
139      * addressing. CFI query addresses are always specified in terms of
140      * the maximum supported width of the device.  This means that x8
141      * devices and x8/x16 devices in x8 mode behave differently.  For
142      * devices that are not used at their max width, we will be
143      * provided with addresses that use higher address bits than
144      * expected (based on the max width), so we will shift them lower
145      * so that they will match the addresses used when
146      * device_width==max_device_width.
147      */
148     boff = offset >> (ctz32(pfl->bank_width) +
149                       ctz32(pfl->max_device_width) - ctz32(pfl->device_width));
150 
151     if (boff >= sizeof(pfl->cfi_table)) {
152         return 0;
153     }
154     /* Now we will construct the CFI response generated by a single
155      * device, then replicate that for all devices that make up the
156      * bus.  For wide parts used in x8 mode, CFI query responses
157      * are different than native byte-wide parts.
158      */
159     resp = pfl->cfi_table[boff];
160     if (pfl->device_width != pfl->max_device_width) {
161         /* The only case currently supported is x8 mode for a
162          * wider part.
163          */
164         if (pfl->device_width != 1 || pfl->bank_width > 4) {
165             DPRINTF("%s: Unsupported device configuration: "
166                     "device_width=%d, max_device_width=%d\n",
167                     __func__, pfl->device_width,
168                     pfl->max_device_width);
169             return 0;
170         }
171         /* CFI query data is repeated, rather than zero padded for
172          * wide devices used in x8 mode.
173          */
174         for (i = 1; i < pfl->max_device_width; i++) {
175             resp = deposit32(resp, 8 * i, 8, pfl->cfi_table[boff]);
176         }
177     }
178     /* Replicate responses for each device in bank. */
179     if (pfl->device_width < pfl->bank_width) {
180         for (i = pfl->device_width;
181              i < pfl->bank_width; i += pfl->device_width) {
182             resp = deposit32(resp, 8 * i, 8 * pfl->device_width, resp);
183         }
184     }
185 
186     return resp;
187 }
188 
189 
190 
191 /* Perform a device id query based on the bank width of the flash. */
192 static uint32_t pflash_devid_query(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset)
193 {
194     int i;
195     uint32_t resp;
196     hwaddr boff;
197 
198     /* Adjust incoming offset to match expected device-width
199      * addressing. Device ID read addresses are always specified in
200      * terms of the maximum supported width of the device.  This means
201      * that x8 devices and x8/x16 devices in x8 mode behave
202      * differently. For devices that are not used at their max width,
203      * we will be provided with addresses that use higher address bits
204      * than expected (based on the max width), so we will shift them
205      * lower so that they will match the addresses used when
206      * device_width==max_device_width.
207      */
208     boff = offset >> (ctz32(pfl->bank_width) +
209                       ctz32(pfl->max_device_width) - ctz32(pfl->device_width));
210 
211     /* Mask off upper bits which may be used in to query block
212      * or sector lock status at other addresses.
213      * Offsets 2/3 are block lock status, is not emulated.
214      */
215     switch (boff & 0xFF) {
216     case 0:
217         resp = pfl->ident0;
218         trace_pflash_manufacturer_id(resp);
219         break;
220     case 1:
221         resp = pfl->ident1;
222         trace_pflash_device_id(resp);
223         break;
224     default:
225         trace_pflash_device_info(offset);
226         return 0;
227         break;
228     }
229     /* Replicate responses for each device in bank. */
230     if (pfl->device_width < pfl->bank_width) {
231         for (i = pfl->device_width;
232               i < pfl->bank_width; i += pfl->device_width) {
233             resp = deposit32(resp, 8 * i, 8 * pfl->device_width, resp);
234         }
235     }
236 
237     return resp;
238 }
239 
240 static uint32_t pflash_data_read(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
241                                  int width, int be)
242 {
243     uint8_t *p;
244     uint32_t ret;
245 
246     p = pfl->storage;
247     switch (width) {
248     case 1:
249         ret = p[offset];
250         trace_pflash_data_read8(offset, ret);
251         break;
252     case 2:
253         if (be) {
254             ret = p[offset] << 8;
255             ret |= p[offset + 1];
256         } else {
257             ret = p[offset];
258             ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
259         }
260         trace_pflash_data_read16(offset, ret);
261         break;
262     case 4:
263         if (be) {
264             ret = p[offset] << 24;
265             ret |= p[offset + 1] << 16;
266             ret |= p[offset + 2] << 8;
267             ret |= p[offset + 3];
268         } else {
269             ret = p[offset];
270             ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
271             ret |= p[offset + 2] << 16;
272             ret |= p[offset + 3] << 24;
273         }
274         trace_pflash_data_read32(offset, ret);
275         break;
276     default:
277         DPRINTF("BUG in %s\n", __func__);
278         abort();
279     }
280     return ret;
281 }
282 
283 static uint32_t pflash_read(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
284                             int width, int be)
285 {
286     hwaddr boff;
287     uint32_t ret;
288 
289     ret = -1;
290     trace_pflash_read(offset, pfl->cmd, width, pfl->wcycle);
291     switch (pfl->cmd) {
292     default:
293         /* This should never happen : reset state & treat it as a read */
294         DPRINTF("%s: unknown command state: %x\n", __func__, pfl->cmd);
295         pfl->wcycle = 0;
296         pfl->cmd = 0;
297         /* fall through to read code */
298     case 0x00:
299         /* Flash area read */
300         ret = pflash_data_read(pfl, offset, width, be);
301         break;
302     case 0x10: /* Single byte program */
303     case 0x20: /* Block erase */
304     case 0x28: /* Block erase */
305     case 0x40: /* single byte program */
306     case 0x50: /* Clear status register */
307     case 0x60: /* Block /un)lock */
308     case 0x70: /* Status Register */
309     case 0xe8: /* Write block */
310         /* Status register read.  Return status from each device in
311          * bank.
312          */
313         ret = pfl->status;
314         if (pfl->device_width && width > pfl->device_width) {
315             int shift = pfl->device_width * 8;
316             while (shift + pfl->device_width * 8 <= width * 8) {
317                 ret |= pfl->status << shift;
318                 shift += pfl->device_width * 8;
319             }
320         } else if (!pfl->device_width && width > 2) {
321             /* Handle 32 bit flash cases where device width is not
322              * set. (Existing behavior before device width added.)
323              */
324             ret |= pfl->status << 16;
325         }
326         DPRINTF("%s: status %x\n", __func__, ret);
327         break;
328     case 0x90:
329         if (!pfl->device_width) {
330             /* Preserve old behavior if device width not specified */
331             boff = offset & 0xFF;
332             if (pfl->bank_width == 2) {
333                 boff = boff >> 1;
334             } else if (pfl->bank_width == 4) {
335                 boff = boff >> 2;
336             }
337 
338             switch (boff) {
339             case 0:
340                 ret = pfl->ident0 << 8 | pfl->ident1;
341                 trace_pflash_manufacturer_id(ret);
342                 break;
343             case 1:
344                 ret = pfl->ident2 << 8 | pfl->ident3;
345                 trace_pflash_device_id(ret);
346                 break;
347             default:
348                 trace_pflash_device_info(boff);
349                 ret = 0;
350                 break;
351             }
352         } else {
353             /* If we have a read larger than the bank_width, combine multiple
354              * manufacturer/device ID queries into a single response.
355              */
356             int i;
357             for (i = 0; i < width; i += pfl->bank_width) {
358                 ret = deposit32(ret, i * 8, pfl->bank_width * 8,
359                                 pflash_devid_query(pfl,
360                                                  offset + i * pfl->bank_width));
361             }
362         }
363         break;
364     case 0x98: /* Query mode */
365         if (!pfl->device_width) {
366             /* Preserve old behavior if device width not specified */
367             boff = offset & 0xFF;
368             if (pfl->bank_width == 2) {
369                 boff = boff >> 1;
370             } else if (pfl->bank_width == 4) {
371                 boff = boff >> 2;
372             }
373 
374             if (boff < sizeof(pfl->cfi_table)) {
375                 ret = pfl->cfi_table[boff];
376             } else {
377                 ret = 0;
378             }
379         } else {
380             /* If we have a read larger than the bank_width, combine multiple
381              * CFI queries into a single response.
382              */
383             int i;
384             for (i = 0; i < width; i += pfl->bank_width) {
385                 ret = deposit32(ret, i * 8, pfl->bank_width * 8,
386                                 pflash_cfi_query(pfl,
387                                                  offset + i * pfl->bank_width));
388             }
389         }
390 
391         break;
392     }
393     return ret;
394 }
395 
396 /* update flash content on disk */
397 static void pflash_update(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, int offset,
398                           int size)
399 {
400     int offset_end;
401     if (pfl->blk) {
402         offset_end = offset + size;
403         /* widen to sector boundaries */
404         offset = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(offset, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
405         offset_end = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(offset_end, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
406         blk_pwrite(pfl->blk, offset, pfl->storage + offset,
407                    offset_end - offset, 0);
408     }
409 }
410 
411 static inline void pflash_data_write(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
412                                      uint32_t value, int width, int be)
413 {
414     uint8_t *p = pfl->storage;
415 
416     trace_pflash_data_write(offset, value, width, pfl->counter);
417     switch (width) {
418     case 1:
419         p[offset] = value;
420         break;
421     case 2:
422         if (be) {
423             p[offset] = value >> 8;
424             p[offset + 1] = value;
425         } else {
426             p[offset] = value;
427             p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
428         }
429         break;
430     case 4:
431         if (be) {
432             p[offset] = value >> 24;
433             p[offset + 1] = value >> 16;
434             p[offset + 2] = value >> 8;
435             p[offset + 3] = value;
436         } else {
437             p[offset] = value;
438             p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
439             p[offset + 2] = value >> 16;
440             p[offset + 3] = value >> 24;
441         }
442         break;
443     }
444 
445 }
446 
447 static void pflash_write(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
448                          uint32_t value, int width, int be)
449 {
450     uint8_t *p;
451     uint8_t cmd;
452 
453     cmd = value;
454 
455     trace_pflash_write(offset, value, width, pfl->wcycle);
456     if (!pfl->wcycle) {
457         /* Set the device in I/O access mode */
458         memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(&pfl->mem, false);
459     }
460 
461     switch (pfl->wcycle) {
462     case 0:
463         /* read mode */
464         switch (cmd) {
465         case 0x00: /* ??? */
466             goto reset_flash;
467         case 0x10: /* Single Byte Program */
468         case 0x40: /* Single Byte Program */
469             DPRINTF("%s: Single Byte Program\n", __func__);
470             break;
471         case 0x20: /* Block erase */
472             p = pfl->storage;
473             offset &= ~(pfl->sector_len - 1);
474 
475             DPRINTF("%s: block erase at " TARGET_FMT_plx " bytes %x\n",
476                     __func__, offset, (unsigned)pfl->sector_len);
477 
478             if (!pfl->ro) {
479                 memset(p + offset, 0xff, pfl->sector_len);
480                 pflash_update(pfl, offset, pfl->sector_len);
481             } else {
482                 pfl->status |= 0x20; /* Block erase error */
483             }
484             pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
485             break;
486         case 0x50: /* Clear status bits */
487             DPRINTF("%s: Clear status bits\n", __func__);
488             pfl->status = 0x0;
489             goto reset_flash;
490         case 0x60: /* Block (un)lock */
491             DPRINTF("%s: Block unlock\n", __func__);
492             break;
493         case 0x70: /* Status Register */
494             DPRINTF("%s: Read status register\n", __func__);
495             pfl->cmd = cmd;
496             return;
497         case 0x90: /* Read Device ID */
498             DPRINTF("%s: Read Device information\n", __func__);
499             pfl->cmd = cmd;
500             return;
501         case 0x98: /* CFI query */
502             DPRINTF("%s: CFI query\n", __func__);
503             break;
504         case 0xe8: /* Write to buffer */
505             DPRINTF("%s: Write to buffer\n", __func__);
506             /* FIXME should save @offset, @width for case 1+ */
507             qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
508                           "%s: Write to buffer emulation is flawed\n",
509                           __func__);
510             pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
511             break;
512         case 0xf0: /* Probe for AMD flash */
513             DPRINTF("%s: Probe for AMD flash\n", __func__);
514             goto reset_flash;
515         case 0xff: /* Read array mode */
516             DPRINTF("%s: Read array mode\n", __func__);
517             goto reset_flash;
518         default:
519             goto error_flash;
520         }
521         pfl->wcycle++;
522         pfl->cmd = cmd;
523         break;
524     case 1:
525         switch (pfl->cmd) {
526         case 0x10: /* Single Byte Program */
527         case 0x40: /* Single Byte Program */
528             DPRINTF("%s: Single Byte Program\n", __func__);
529             if (!pfl->ro) {
530                 pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
531                 pflash_update(pfl, offset, width);
532             } else {
533                 pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
534             }
535             pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
536             pfl->wcycle = 0;
537         break;
538         case 0x20: /* Block erase */
539         case 0x28:
540             if (cmd == 0xd0) { /* confirm */
541                 pfl->wcycle = 0;
542                 pfl->status |= 0x80;
543             } else if (cmd == 0xff) { /* read array mode */
544                 goto reset_flash;
545             } else
546                 goto error_flash;
547 
548             break;
549         case 0xe8:
550             /* Mask writeblock size based on device width, or bank width if
551              * device width not specified.
552              */
553             /* FIXME check @offset, @width */
554             if (pfl->device_width) {
555                 value = extract32(value, 0, pfl->device_width * 8);
556             } else {
557                 value = extract32(value, 0, pfl->bank_width * 8);
558             }
559             DPRINTF("%s: block write of %x bytes\n", __func__, value);
560             pfl->counter = value;
561             pfl->wcycle++;
562             break;
563         case 0x60:
564             if (cmd == 0xd0) {
565                 pfl->wcycle = 0;
566                 pfl->status |= 0x80;
567             } else if (cmd == 0x01) {
568                 pfl->wcycle = 0;
569                 pfl->status |= 0x80;
570             } else if (cmd == 0xff) {
571                 goto reset_flash;
572             } else {
573                 DPRINTF("%s: Unknown (un)locking command\n", __func__);
574                 goto reset_flash;
575             }
576             break;
577         case 0x98:
578             if (cmd == 0xff) {
579                 goto reset_flash;
580             } else {
581                 DPRINTF("%s: leaving query mode\n", __func__);
582             }
583             break;
584         default:
585             goto error_flash;
586         }
587         break;
588     case 2:
589         switch (pfl->cmd) {
590         case 0xe8: /* Block write */
591             /* FIXME check @offset, @width */
592             if (!pfl->ro) {
593                 /*
594                  * FIXME writing straight to memory is *wrong*.  We
595                  * should write to a buffer, and flush it to memory
596                  * only on confirm command (see below).
597                  */
598                 pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
599             } else {
600                 pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
601             }
602 
603             pfl->status |= 0x80;
604 
605             if (!pfl->counter) {
606                 hwaddr mask = pfl->writeblock_size - 1;
607                 mask = ~mask;
608 
609                 DPRINTF("%s: block write finished\n", __func__);
610                 pfl->wcycle++;
611                 if (!pfl->ro) {
612                     /* Flush the entire write buffer onto backing storage.  */
613                     /* FIXME premature! */
614                     pflash_update(pfl, offset & mask, pfl->writeblock_size);
615                 } else {
616                     pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
617                 }
618             }
619 
620             pfl->counter--;
621             break;
622         default:
623             goto error_flash;
624         }
625         break;
626     case 3: /* Confirm mode */
627         switch (pfl->cmd) {
628         case 0xe8: /* Block write */
629             if (cmd == 0xd0) {
630                 /* FIXME this is where we should write out the buffer */
631                 pfl->wcycle = 0;
632                 pfl->status |= 0x80;
633             } else {
634                 qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
635                     "%s: Aborting write to buffer not implemented,"
636                     " the data is already written to storage!\n"
637                     "Flash device reset into READ mode.\n",
638                     __func__);
639                 goto reset_flash;
640             }
641             break;
642         default:
643             goto error_flash;
644         }
645         break;
646     default:
647         /* Should never happen */
648         DPRINTF("%s: invalid write state\n",  __func__);
649         goto reset_flash;
650     }
651     return;
652 
653  error_flash:
654     qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP, "%s: Unimplemented flash cmd sequence "
655                   "(offset " TARGET_FMT_plx ", wcycle 0x%x cmd 0x%x value 0x%x)"
656                   "\n", __func__, offset, pfl->wcycle, pfl->cmd, value);
657 
658  reset_flash:
659     trace_pflash_reset();
660     memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(&pfl->mem, true);
661     pfl->wcycle = 0;
662     pfl->cmd = 0;
663 }
664 
665 
666 static MemTxResult pflash_mem_read_with_attrs(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t *value,
667                                               unsigned len, MemTxAttrs attrs)
668 {
669     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
670     bool be = !!(pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_BE));
671 
672     if ((pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_SECURE)) && !attrs.secure) {
673         *value = pflash_data_read(opaque, addr, len, be);
674     } else {
675         *value = pflash_read(opaque, addr, len, be);
676     }
677     return MEMTX_OK;
678 }
679 
680 static MemTxResult pflash_mem_write_with_attrs(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t value,
681                                                unsigned len, MemTxAttrs attrs)
682 {
683     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
684     bool be = !!(pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_BE));
685 
686     if ((pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_SECURE)) && !attrs.secure) {
687         return MEMTX_ERROR;
688     } else {
689         pflash_write(opaque, addr, value, len, be);
690         return MEMTX_OK;
691     }
692 }
693 
694 static const MemoryRegionOps pflash_cfi01_ops = {
695     .read_with_attrs = pflash_mem_read_with_attrs,
696     .write_with_attrs = pflash_mem_write_with_attrs,
697     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
698 };
699 
700 static void pflash_cfi01_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
701 {
702     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = PFLASH_CFI01(dev);
703     uint64_t total_len;
704     int ret;
705     uint64_t blocks_per_device, sector_len_per_device, device_len;
706     int num_devices;
707     Error *local_err = NULL;
708 
709     if (pfl->sector_len == 0) {
710         error_setg(errp, "attribute \"sector-length\" not specified or zero.");
711         return;
712     }
713     if (pfl->nb_blocs == 0) {
714         error_setg(errp, "attribute \"num-blocks\" not specified or zero.");
715         return;
716     }
717     if (pfl->name == NULL) {
718         error_setg(errp, "attribute \"name\" not specified.");
719         return;
720     }
721 
722     total_len = pfl->sector_len * pfl->nb_blocs;
723 
724     /* These are only used to expose the parameters of each device
725      * in the cfi_table[].
726      */
727     num_devices = pfl->device_width ? (pfl->bank_width / pfl->device_width) : 1;
728     if (pfl->old_multiple_chip_handling) {
729         blocks_per_device = pfl->nb_blocs / num_devices;
730         sector_len_per_device = pfl->sector_len;
731     } else {
732         blocks_per_device = pfl->nb_blocs;
733         sector_len_per_device = pfl->sector_len / num_devices;
734     }
735     device_len = sector_len_per_device * blocks_per_device;
736 
737     memory_region_init_rom_device(
738         &pfl->mem, OBJECT(dev),
739         &pflash_cfi01_ops,
740         pfl,
741         pfl->name, total_len, &local_err);
742     if (local_err) {
743         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
744         return;
745     }
746 
747     pfl->storage = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&pfl->mem);
748     sysbus_init_mmio(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &pfl->mem);
749 
750     if (pfl->blk) {
751         uint64_t perm;
752         pfl->ro = blk_is_read_only(pfl->blk);
753         perm = BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ | (pfl->ro ? 0 : BLK_PERM_WRITE);
754         ret = blk_set_perm(pfl->blk, perm, BLK_PERM_ALL, errp);
755         if (ret < 0) {
756             return;
757         }
758     } else {
759         pfl->ro = 0;
760     }
761 
762     if (pfl->blk) {
763         if (!blk_check_size_and_read_all(pfl->blk, pfl->storage, total_len,
764                                          errp)) {
765             vmstate_unregister_ram(&pfl->mem, DEVICE(pfl));
766             return;
767         }
768     }
769 
770     /* Default to devices being used at their maximum device width. This was
771      * assumed before the device_width support was added.
772      */
773     if (!pfl->max_device_width) {
774         pfl->max_device_width = pfl->device_width;
775     }
776 
777     pfl->timer = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, pflash_timer, pfl);
778     pfl->wcycle = 0;
779     pfl->cmd = 0;
780     pfl->status = 0;
781     /* Hardcoded CFI table */
782     /* Standard "QRY" string */
783     pfl->cfi_table[0x10] = 'Q';
784     pfl->cfi_table[0x11] = 'R';
785     pfl->cfi_table[0x12] = 'Y';
786     /* Command set (Intel) */
787     pfl->cfi_table[0x13] = 0x01;
788     pfl->cfi_table[0x14] = 0x00;
789     /* Primary extended table address (none) */
790     pfl->cfi_table[0x15] = 0x31;
791     pfl->cfi_table[0x16] = 0x00;
792     /* Alternate command set (none) */
793     pfl->cfi_table[0x17] = 0x00;
794     pfl->cfi_table[0x18] = 0x00;
795     /* Alternate extended table (none) */
796     pfl->cfi_table[0x19] = 0x00;
797     pfl->cfi_table[0x1A] = 0x00;
798     /* Vcc min */
799     pfl->cfi_table[0x1B] = 0x45;
800     /* Vcc max */
801     pfl->cfi_table[0x1C] = 0x55;
802     /* Vpp min (no Vpp pin) */
803     pfl->cfi_table[0x1D] = 0x00;
804     /* Vpp max (no Vpp pin) */
805     pfl->cfi_table[0x1E] = 0x00;
806     /* Reserved */
807     pfl->cfi_table[0x1F] = 0x07;
808     /* Timeout for min size buffer write */
809     pfl->cfi_table[0x20] = 0x07;
810     /* Typical timeout for block erase */
811     pfl->cfi_table[0x21] = 0x0a;
812     /* Typical timeout for full chip erase (4096 ms) */
813     pfl->cfi_table[0x22] = 0x00;
814     /* Reserved */
815     pfl->cfi_table[0x23] = 0x04;
816     /* Max timeout for buffer write */
817     pfl->cfi_table[0x24] = 0x04;
818     /* Max timeout for block erase */
819     pfl->cfi_table[0x25] = 0x04;
820     /* Max timeout for chip erase */
821     pfl->cfi_table[0x26] = 0x00;
822     /* Device size */
823     pfl->cfi_table[0x27] = ctz32(device_len); /* + 1; */
824     /* Flash device interface (8 & 16 bits) */
825     pfl->cfi_table[0x28] = 0x02;
826     pfl->cfi_table[0x29] = 0x00;
827     /* Max number of bytes in multi-bytes write */
828     if (pfl->bank_width == 1) {
829         pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x08;
830     } else {
831         pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x0B;
832     }
833     pfl->writeblock_size = 1 << pfl->cfi_table[0x2A];
834     if (!pfl->old_multiple_chip_handling && num_devices > 1) {
835         pfl->writeblock_size *= num_devices;
836     }
837 
838     pfl->cfi_table[0x2B] = 0x00;
839     /* Number of erase block regions (uniform) */
840     pfl->cfi_table[0x2C] = 0x01;
841     /* Erase block region 1 */
842     pfl->cfi_table[0x2D] = blocks_per_device - 1;
843     pfl->cfi_table[0x2E] = (blocks_per_device - 1) >> 8;
844     pfl->cfi_table[0x2F] = sector_len_per_device >> 8;
845     pfl->cfi_table[0x30] = sector_len_per_device >> 16;
846 
847     /* Extended */
848     pfl->cfi_table[0x31] = 'P';
849     pfl->cfi_table[0x32] = 'R';
850     pfl->cfi_table[0x33] = 'I';
851 
852     pfl->cfi_table[0x34] = '1';
853     pfl->cfi_table[0x35] = '0';
854 
855     pfl->cfi_table[0x36] = 0x00;
856     pfl->cfi_table[0x37] = 0x00;
857     pfl->cfi_table[0x38] = 0x00;
858     pfl->cfi_table[0x39] = 0x00;
859 
860     pfl->cfi_table[0x3a] = 0x00;
861 
862     pfl->cfi_table[0x3b] = 0x00;
863     pfl->cfi_table[0x3c] = 0x00;
864 
865     pfl->cfi_table[0x3f] = 0x01; /* Number of protection fields */
866 }
867 
868 static Property pflash_cfi01_properties[] = {
869     DEFINE_PROP_DRIVE("drive", PFlashCFI01, blk),
870     /* num-blocks is the number of blocks actually visible to the guest,
871      * ie the total size of the device divided by the sector length.
872      * If we're emulating flash devices wired in parallel the actual
873      * number of blocks per indvidual device will differ.
874      */
875     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("num-blocks", PFlashCFI01, nb_blocs, 0),
876     DEFINE_PROP_UINT64("sector-length", PFlashCFI01, sector_len, 0),
877     /* width here is the overall width of this QEMU device in bytes.
878      * The QEMU device may be emulating a number of flash devices
879      * wired up in parallel; the width of each individual flash
880      * device should be specified via device-width. If the individual
881      * devices have a maximum width which is greater than the width
882      * they are being used for, this maximum width should be set via
883      * max-device-width (which otherwise defaults to device-width).
884      * So for instance a 32-bit wide QEMU flash device made from four
885      * 16-bit flash devices used in 8-bit wide mode would be configured
886      * with width = 4, device-width = 1, max-device-width = 2.
887      *
888      * If device-width is not specified we default to backwards
889      * compatible behaviour which is a bad emulation of two
890      * 16 bit devices making up a 32 bit wide QEMU device. This
891      * is deprecated for new uses of this device.
892      */
893     DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("width", PFlashCFI01, bank_width, 0),
894     DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("device-width", PFlashCFI01, device_width, 0),
895     DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("max-device-width", PFlashCFI01, max_device_width, 0),
896     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("big-endian", PFlashCFI01, features, PFLASH_BE, 0),
897     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("secure", PFlashCFI01, features, PFLASH_SECURE, 0),
898     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id0", PFlashCFI01, ident0, 0),
899     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id1", PFlashCFI01, ident1, 0),
900     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id2", PFlashCFI01, ident2, 0),
901     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id3", PFlashCFI01, ident3, 0),
902     DEFINE_PROP_STRING("name", PFlashCFI01, name),
903     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("old-multiple-chip-handling", PFlashCFI01,
904                      old_multiple_chip_handling, false),
905     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
906 };
907 
908 static void pflash_cfi01_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
909 {
910     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
911 
912     dc->realize = pflash_cfi01_realize;
913     dc->props = pflash_cfi01_properties;
914     dc->vmsd = &vmstate_pflash;
915     set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_STORAGE, dc->categories);
916 }
917 
918 
919 static const TypeInfo pflash_cfi01_info = {
920     .name           = TYPE_PFLASH_CFI01,
921     .parent         = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
922     .instance_size  = sizeof(PFlashCFI01),
923     .class_init     = pflash_cfi01_class_init,
924 };
925 
926 static void pflash_cfi01_register_types(void)
927 {
928     type_register_static(&pflash_cfi01_info);
929 }
930 
931 type_init(pflash_cfi01_register_types)
932 
933 PFlashCFI01 *pflash_cfi01_register(hwaddr base,
934                                    const char *name,
935                                    hwaddr size,
936                                    BlockBackend *blk,
937                                    uint32_t sector_len,
938                                    int bank_width,
939                                    uint16_t id0, uint16_t id1,
940                                    uint16_t id2, uint16_t id3,
941                                    int be)
942 {
943     DeviceState *dev = qdev_create(NULL, TYPE_PFLASH_CFI01);
944 
945     if (blk) {
946         qdev_prop_set_drive(dev, "drive", blk, &error_abort);
947     }
948     assert(size % sector_len == 0);
949     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "num-blocks", size / sector_len);
950     qdev_prop_set_uint64(dev, "sector-length", sector_len);
951     qdev_prop_set_uint8(dev, "width", bank_width);
952     qdev_prop_set_bit(dev, "big-endian", !!be);
953     qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id0", id0);
954     qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id1", id1);
955     qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id2", id2);
956     qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id3", id3);
957     qdev_prop_set_string(dev, "name", name);
958     qdev_init_nofail(dev);
959 
960     sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), 0, base);
961     return PFLASH_CFI01(dev);
962 }
963 
964 BlockBackend *pflash_cfi01_get_blk(PFlashCFI01 *fl)
965 {
966     return fl->blk;
967 }
968 
969 MemoryRegion *pflash_cfi01_get_memory(PFlashCFI01 *fl)
970 {
971     return &fl->mem;
972 }
973 
974 /*
975  * Handle -drive if=pflash for machines that use properties.
976  * If @dinfo is null, do nothing.
977  * Else if @fl's property "drive" is already set, fatal error.
978  * Else set it to the BlockBackend with @dinfo.
979  */
980 void pflash_cfi01_legacy_drive(PFlashCFI01 *fl, DriveInfo *dinfo)
981 {
982     Location loc;
983 
984     if (!dinfo) {
985         return;
986     }
987 
988     loc_push_none(&loc);
989     qemu_opts_loc_restore(dinfo->opts);
990     if (fl->blk) {
991         error_report("clashes with -machine");
992         exit(1);
993     }
994     qdev_prop_set_drive(DEVICE(fl), "drive",
995                         blk_by_legacy_dinfo(dinfo), &error_fatal);
996     loc_pop(&loc);
997 }
998 
999 static void postload_update_cb(void *opaque, int running, RunState state)
1000 {
1001     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
1002 
1003     /* This is called after bdrv_invalidate_cache_all.  */
1004     qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(pfl->vmstate);
1005     pfl->vmstate = NULL;
1006 
1007     DPRINTF("%s: updating bdrv for %s\n", __func__, pfl->name);
1008     pflash_update(pfl, 0, pfl->sector_len * pfl->nb_blocs);
1009 }
1010 
1011 static int pflash_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id)
1012 {
1013     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
1014 
1015     if (!pfl->ro) {
1016         pfl->vmstate = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(postload_update_cb,
1017                                                         pfl);
1018     }
1019     return 0;
1020 }
1021