xref: /openbmc/qemu/hw/block/pflash_cfi01.c (revision 5cc8767d)
1 /*
2  *  CFI parallel flash with Intel command set emulation
3  *
4  *  Copyright (c) 2006 Thorsten Zitterell
5  *  Copyright (c) 2005 Jocelyn Mayer
6  *
7  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
9  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
10  * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11  *
12  * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
15  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
16  *
17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
18  * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
19  */
20 
21 /*
22  * For now, this code can emulate flashes of 1, 2 or 4 bytes width.
23  * Supported commands/modes are:
24  * - flash read
25  * - flash write
26  * - flash ID read
27  * - sector erase
28  * - CFI queries
29  *
30  * It does not support timings
31  * It does not support flash interleaving
32  * It does not implement software data protection as found in many real chips
33  * It does not implement erase suspend/resume commands
34  * It does not implement multiple sectors erase
35  *
36  * It does not implement much more ...
37  */
38 
39 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
40 #include "hw/hw.h"
41 #include "hw/block/block.h"
42 #include "hw/block/flash.h"
43 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
44 #include "qapi/error.h"
45 #include "qemu/timer.h"
46 #include "qemu/bitops.h"
47 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
48 #include "qemu/host-utils.h"
49 #include "qemu/log.h"
50 #include "qemu/module.h"
51 #include "qemu/option.h"
52 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
53 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
54 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
55 #include "trace.h"
56 
57 /* #define PFLASH_DEBUG */
58 #ifdef PFLASH_DEBUG
59 #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...)                                   \
60 do {                                                        \
61     fprintf(stderr, "PFLASH: " fmt , ## __VA_ARGS__);       \
62 } while (0)
63 #else
64 #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) do { } while (0)
65 #endif
66 
67 #define PFLASH_BE          0
68 #define PFLASH_SECURE      1
69 
70 struct PFlashCFI01 {
71     /*< private >*/
72     SysBusDevice parent_obj;
73     /*< public >*/
74 
75     BlockBackend *blk;
76     uint32_t nb_blocs;
77     uint64_t sector_len;
78     uint8_t bank_width;
79     uint8_t device_width; /* If 0, device width not specified. */
80     uint8_t max_device_width;  /* max device width in bytes */
81     uint32_t features;
82     uint8_t wcycle; /* if 0, the flash is read normally */
83     int ro;
84     uint8_t cmd;
85     uint8_t status;
86     uint16_t ident0;
87     uint16_t ident1;
88     uint16_t ident2;
89     uint16_t ident3;
90     uint8_t cfi_table[0x52];
91     uint64_t counter;
92     unsigned int writeblock_size;
93     QEMUTimer *timer;
94     MemoryRegion mem;
95     char *name;
96     void *storage;
97     VMChangeStateEntry *vmstate;
98     bool old_multiple_chip_handling;
99 };
100 
101 static int pflash_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id);
102 
103 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_pflash = {
104     .name = "pflash_cfi01",
105     .version_id = 1,
106     .minimum_version_id = 1,
107     .post_load = pflash_post_load,
108     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
109         VMSTATE_UINT8(wcycle, PFlashCFI01),
110         VMSTATE_UINT8(cmd, PFlashCFI01),
111         VMSTATE_UINT8(status, PFlashCFI01),
112         VMSTATE_UINT64(counter, PFlashCFI01),
113         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
114     }
115 };
116 
117 static void pflash_timer (void *opaque)
118 {
119     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
120 
121     trace_pflash_timer_expired(pfl->cmd);
122     /* Reset flash */
123     pfl->status ^= 0x80;
124     memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(&pfl->mem, true);
125     pfl->wcycle = 0;
126     pfl->cmd = 0;
127 }
128 
129 /* Perform a CFI query based on the bank width of the flash.
130  * If this code is called we know we have a device_width set for
131  * this flash.
132  */
133 static uint32_t pflash_cfi_query(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset)
134 {
135     int i;
136     uint32_t resp = 0;
137     hwaddr boff;
138 
139     /* Adjust incoming offset to match expected device-width
140      * addressing. CFI query addresses are always specified in terms of
141      * the maximum supported width of the device.  This means that x8
142      * devices and x8/x16 devices in x8 mode behave differently.  For
143      * devices that are not used at their max width, we will be
144      * provided with addresses that use higher address bits than
145      * expected (based on the max width), so we will shift them lower
146      * so that they will match the addresses used when
147      * device_width==max_device_width.
148      */
149     boff = offset >> (ctz32(pfl->bank_width) +
150                       ctz32(pfl->max_device_width) - ctz32(pfl->device_width));
151 
152     if (boff >= sizeof(pfl->cfi_table)) {
153         return 0;
154     }
155     /* Now we will construct the CFI response generated by a single
156      * device, then replicate that for all devices that make up the
157      * bus.  For wide parts used in x8 mode, CFI query responses
158      * are different than native byte-wide parts.
159      */
160     resp = pfl->cfi_table[boff];
161     if (pfl->device_width != pfl->max_device_width) {
162         /* The only case currently supported is x8 mode for a
163          * wider part.
164          */
165         if (pfl->device_width != 1 || pfl->bank_width > 4) {
166             DPRINTF("%s: Unsupported device configuration: "
167                     "device_width=%d, max_device_width=%d\n",
168                     __func__, pfl->device_width,
169                     pfl->max_device_width);
170             return 0;
171         }
172         /* CFI query data is repeated, rather than zero padded for
173          * wide devices used in x8 mode.
174          */
175         for (i = 1; i < pfl->max_device_width; i++) {
176             resp = deposit32(resp, 8 * i, 8, pfl->cfi_table[boff]);
177         }
178     }
179     /* Replicate responses for each device in bank. */
180     if (pfl->device_width < pfl->bank_width) {
181         for (i = pfl->device_width;
182              i < pfl->bank_width; i += pfl->device_width) {
183             resp = deposit32(resp, 8 * i, 8 * pfl->device_width, resp);
184         }
185     }
186 
187     return resp;
188 }
189 
190 
191 
192 /* Perform a device id query based on the bank width of the flash. */
193 static uint32_t pflash_devid_query(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset)
194 {
195     int i;
196     uint32_t resp;
197     hwaddr boff;
198 
199     /* Adjust incoming offset to match expected device-width
200      * addressing. Device ID read addresses are always specified in
201      * terms of the maximum supported width of the device.  This means
202      * that x8 devices and x8/x16 devices in x8 mode behave
203      * differently. For devices that are not used at their max width,
204      * we will be provided with addresses that use higher address bits
205      * than expected (based on the max width), so we will shift them
206      * lower so that they will match the addresses used when
207      * device_width==max_device_width.
208      */
209     boff = offset >> (ctz32(pfl->bank_width) +
210                       ctz32(pfl->max_device_width) - ctz32(pfl->device_width));
211 
212     /* Mask off upper bits which may be used in to query block
213      * or sector lock status at other addresses.
214      * Offsets 2/3 are block lock status, is not emulated.
215      */
216     switch (boff & 0xFF) {
217     case 0:
218         resp = pfl->ident0;
219         trace_pflash_manufacturer_id(resp);
220         break;
221     case 1:
222         resp = pfl->ident1;
223         trace_pflash_device_id(resp);
224         break;
225     default:
226         trace_pflash_device_info(offset);
227         return 0;
228         break;
229     }
230     /* Replicate responses for each device in bank. */
231     if (pfl->device_width < pfl->bank_width) {
232         for (i = pfl->device_width;
233               i < pfl->bank_width; i += pfl->device_width) {
234             resp = deposit32(resp, 8 * i, 8 * pfl->device_width, resp);
235         }
236     }
237 
238     return resp;
239 }
240 
241 static uint32_t pflash_data_read(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
242                                  int width, int be)
243 {
244     uint8_t *p;
245     uint32_t ret;
246 
247     p = pfl->storage;
248     switch (width) {
249     case 1:
250         ret = p[offset];
251         break;
252     case 2:
253         if (be) {
254             ret = p[offset] << 8;
255             ret |= p[offset + 1];
256         } else {
257             ret = p[offset];
258             ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
259         }
260         break;
261     case 4:
262         if (be) {
263             ret = p[offset] << 24;
264             ret |= p[offset + 1] << 16;
265             ret |= p[offset + 2] << 8;
266             ret |= p[offset + 3];
267         } else {
268             ret = p[offset];
269             ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
270             ret |= p[offset + 2] << 16;
271             ret |= p[offset + 3] << 24;
272         }
273         break;
274     default:
275         DPRINTF("BUG in %s\n", __func__);
276         abort();
277     }
278     trace_pflash_data_read(offset, width << 1, ret);
279     return ret;
280 }
281 
282 static uint32_t pflash_read(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
283                             int width, int be)
284 {
285     hwaddr boff;
286     uint32_t ret;
287 
288     ret = -1;
289     switch (pfl->cmd) {
290     default:
291         /* This should never happen : reset state & treat it as a read */
292         DPRINTF("%s: unknown command state: %x\n", __func__, pfl->cmd);
293         pfl->wcycle = 0;
294         pfl->cmd = 0;
295         /* fall through to read code */
296     case 0x00:
297         /* Flash area read */
298         ret = pflash_data_read(pfl, offset, width, be);
299         break;
300     case 0x10: /* Single byte program */
301     case 0x20: /* Block erase */
302     case 0x28: /* Block erase */
303     case 0x40: /* single byte program */
304     case 0x50: /* Clear status register */
305     case 0x60: /* Block /un)lock */
306     case 0x70: /* Status Register */
307     case 0xe8: /* Write block */
308         /* Status register read.  Return status from each device in
309          * bank.
310          */
311         ret = pfl->status;
312         if (pfl->device_width && width > pfl->device_width) {
313             int shift = pfl->device_width * 8;
314             while (shift + pfl->device_width * 8 <= width * 8) {
315                 ret |= pfl->status << shift;
316                 shift += pfl->device_width * 8;
317             }
318         } else if (!pfl->device_width && width > 2) {
319             /* Handle 32 bit flash cases where device width is not
320              * set. (Existing behavior before device width added.)
321              */
322             ret |= pfl->status << 16;
323         }
324         DPRINTF("%s: status %x\n", __func__, ret);
325         break;
326     case 0x90:
327         if (!pfl->device_width) {
328             /* Preserve old behavior if device width not specified */
329             boff = offset & 0xFF;
330             if (pfl->bank_width == 2) {
331                 boff = boff >> 1;
332             } else if (pfl->bank_width == 4) {
333                 boff = boff >> 2;
334             }
335 
336             switch (boff) {
337             case 0:
338                 ret = pfl->ident0 << 8 | pfl->ident1;
339                 trace_pflash_manufacturer_id(ret);
340                 break;
341             case 1:
342                 ret = pfl->ident2 << 8 | pfl->ident3;
343                 trace_pflash_device_id(ret);
344                 break;
345             default:
346                 trace_pflash_device_info(boff);
347                 ret = 0;
348                 break;
349             }
350         } else {
351             /* If we have a read larger than the bank_width, combine multiple
352              * manufacturer/device ID queries into a single response.
353              */
354             int i;
355             for (i = 0; i < width; i += pfl->bank_width) {
356                 ret = deposit32(ret, i * 8, pfl->bank_width * 8,
357                                 pflash_devid_query(pfl,
358                                                  offset + i * pfl->bank_width));
359             }
360         }
361         break;
362     case 0x98: /* Query mode */
363         if (!pfl->device_width) {
364             /* Preserve old behavior if device width not specified */
365             boff = offset & 0xFF;
366             if (pfl->bank_width == 2) {
367                 boff = boff >> 1;
368             } else if (pfl->bank_width == 4) {
369                 boff = boff >> 2;
370             }
371 
372             if (boff < sizeof(pfl->cfi_table)) {
373                 ret = pfl->cfi_table[boff];
374             } else {
375                 ret = 0;
376             }
377         } else {
378             /* If we have a read larger than the bank_width, combine multiple
379              * CFI queries into a single response.
380              */
381             int i;
382             for (i = 0; i < width; i += pfl->bank_width) {
383                 ret = deposit32(ret, i * 8, pfl->bank_width * 8,
384                                 pflash_cfi_query(pfl,
385                                                  offset + i * pfl->bank_width));
386             }
387         }
388 
389         break;
390     }
391     trace_pflash_io_read(offset, width, width << 1, ret, pfl->cmd, pfl->wcycle);
392 
393     return ret;
394 }
395 
396 /* update flash content on disk */
397 static void pflash_update(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, int offset,
398                           int size)
399 {
400     int offset_end;
401     if (pfl->blk) {
402         offset_end = offset + size;
403         /* widen to sector boundaries */
404         offset = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(offset, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
405         offset_end = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(offset_end, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
406         blk_pwrite(pfl->blk, offset, pfl->storage + offset,
407                    offset_end - offset, 0);
408     }
409 }
410 
411 static inline void pflash_data_write(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
412                                      uint32_t value, int width, int be)
413 {
414     uint8_t *p = pfl->storage;
415 
416     trace_pflash_data_write(offset, width << 1, value, pfl->counter);
417     switch (width) {
418     case 1:
419         p[offset] = value;
420         break;
421     case 2:
422         if (be) {
423             p[offset] = value >> 8;
424             p[offset + 1] = value;
425         } else {
426             p[offset] = value;
427             p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
428         }
429         break;
430     case 4:
431         if (be) {
432             p[offset] = value >> 24;
433             p[offset + 1] = value >> 16;
434             p[offset + 2] = value >> 8;
435             p[offset + 3] = value;
436         } else {
437             p[offset] = value;
438             p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
439             p[offset + 2] = value >> 16;
440             p[offset + 3] = value >> 24;
441         }
442         break;
443     }
444 
445 }
446 
447 static void pflash_write(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
448                          uint32_t value, int width, int be)
449 {
450     uint8_t *p;
451     uint8_t cmd;
452 
453     cmd = value;
454 
455     trace_pflash_io_write(offset, width, width << 1, value, pfl->wcycle);
456     if (!pfl->wcycle) {
457         /* Set the device in I/O access mode */
458         memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(&pfl->mem, false);
459     }
460 
461     switch (pfl->wcycle) {
462     case 0:
463         /* read mode */
464         switch (cmd) {
465         case 0x00: /* ??? */
466             goto reset_flash;
467         case 0x10: /* Single Byte Program */
468         case 0x40: /* Single Byte Program */
469             DPRINTF("%s: Single Byte Program\n", __func__);
470             break;
471         case 0x20: /* Block erase */
472             p = pfl->storage;
473             offset &= ~(pfl->sector_len - 1);
474 
475             DPRINTF("%s: block erase at " TARGET_FMT_plx " bytes %x\n",
476                     __func__, offset, (unsigned)pfl->sector_len);
477 
478             if (!pfl->ro) {
479                 memset(p + offset, 0xff, pfl->sector_len);
480                 pflash_update(pfl, offset, pfl->sector_len);
481             } else {
482                 pfl->status |= 0x20; /* Block erase error */
483             }
484             pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
485             break;
486         case 0x50: /* Clear status bits */
487             DPRINTF("%s: Clear status bits\n", __func__);
488             pfl->status = 0x0;
489             goto reset_flash;
490         case 0x60: /* Block (un)lock */
491             DPRINTF("%s: Block unlock\n", __func__);
492             break;
493         case 0x70: /* Status Register */
494             DPRINTF("%s: Read status register\n", __func__);
495             pfl->cmd = cmd;
496             return;
497         case 0x90: /* Read Device ID */
498             DPRINTF("%s: Read Device information\n", __func__);
499             pfl->cmd = cmd;
500             return;
501         case 0x98: /* CFI query */
502             DPRINTF("%s: CFI query\n", __func__);
503             break;
504         case 0xe8: /* Write to buffer */
505             DPRINTF("%s: Write to buffer\n", __func__);
506             /* FIXME should save @offset, @width for case 1+ */
507             qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
508                           "%s: Write to buffer emulation is flawed\n",
509                           __func__);
510             pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
511             break;
512         case 0xf0: /* Probe for AMD flash */
513             DPRINTF("%s: Probe for AMD flash\n", __func__);
514             goto reset_flash;
515         case 0xff: /* Read array mode */
516             DPRINTF("%s: Read array mode\n", __func__);
517             goto reset_flash;
518         default:
519             goto error_flash;
520         }
521         pfl->wcycle++;
522         pfl->cmd = cmd;
523         break;
524     case 1:
525         switch (pfl->cmd) {
526         case 0x10: /* Single Byte Program */
527         case 0x40: /* Single Byte Program */
528             DPRINTF("%s: Single Byte Program\n", __func__);
529             if (!pfl->ro) {
530                 pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
531                 pflash_update(pfl, offset, width);
532             } else {
533                 pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
534             }
535             pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
536             pfl->wcycle = 0;
537         break;
538         case 0x20: /* Block erase */
539         case 0x28:
540             if (cmd == 0xd0) { /* confirm */
541                 pfl->wcycle = 0;
542                 pfl->status |= 0x80;
543             } else if (cmd == 0xff) { /* read array mode */
544                 goto reset_flash;
545             } else
546                 goto error_flash;
547 
548             break;
549         case 0xe8:
550             /* Mask writeblock size based on device width, or bank width if
551              * device width not specified.
552              */
553             /* FIXME check @offset, @width */
554             if (pfl->device_width) {
555                 value = extract32(value, 0, pfl->device_width * 8);
556             } else {
557                 value = extract32(value, 0, pfl->bank_width * 8);
558             }
559             DPRINTF("%s: block write of %x bytes\n", __func__, value);
560             pfl->counter = value;
561             pfl->wcycle++;
562             break;
563         case 0x60:
564             if (cmd == 0xd0) {
565                 pfl->wcycle = 0;
566                 pfl->status |= 0x80;
567             } else if (cmd == 0x01) {
568                 pfl->wcycle = 0;
569                 pfl->status |= 0x80;
570             } else if (cmd == 0xff) {
571                 goto reset_flash;
572             } else {
573                 DPRINTF("%s: Unknown (un)locking command\n", __func__);
574                 goto reset_flash;
575             }
576             break;
577         case 0x98:
578             if (cmd == 0xff) {
579                 goto reset_flash;
580             } else {
581                 DPRINTF("%s: leaving query mode\n", __func__);
582             }
583             break;
584         default:
585             goto error_flash;
586         }
587         break;
588     case 2:
589         switch (pfl->cmd) {
590         case 0xe8: /* Block write */
591             /* FIXME check @offset, @width */
592             if (!pfl->ro) {
593                 /*
594                  * FIXME writing straight to memory is *wrong*.  We
595                  * should write to a buffer, and flush it to memory
596                  * only on confirm command (see below).
597                  */
598                 pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
599             } else {
600                 pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
601             }
602 
603             pfl->status |= 0x80;
604 
605             if (!pfl->counter) {
606                 hwaddr mask = pfl->writeblock_size - 1;
607                 mask = ~mask;
608 
609                 DPRINTF("%s: block write finished\n", __func__);
610                 pfl->wcycle++;
611                 if (!pfl->ro) {
612                     /* Flush the entire write buffer onto backing storage.  */
613                     /* FIXME premature! */
614                     pflash_update(pfl, offset & mask, pfl->writeblock_size);
615                 } else {
616                     pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
617                 }
618             }
619 
620             pfl->counter--;
621             break;
622         default:
623             goto error_flash;
624         }
625         break;
626     case 3: /* Confirm mode */
627         switch (pfl->cmd) {
628         case 0xe8: /* Block write */
629             if (cmd == 0xd0) {
630                 /* FIXME this is where we should write out the buffer */
631                 pfl->wcycle = 0;
632                 pfl->status |= 0x80;
633             } else {
634                 qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
635                     "%s: Aborting write to buffer not implemented,"
636                     " the data is already written to storage!\n"
637                     "Flash device reset into READ mode.\n",
638                     __func__);
639                 goto reset_flash;
640             }
641             break;
642         default:
643             goto error_flash;
644         }
645         break;
646     default:
647         /* Should never happen */
648         DPRINTF("%s: invalid write state\n",  __func__);
649         goto reset_flash;
650     }
651     return;
652 
653  error_flash:
654     qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP, "%s: Unimplemented flash cmd sequence "
655                   "(offset " TARGET_FMT_plx ", wcycle 0x%x cmd 0x%x value 0x%x)"
656                   "\n", __func__, offset, pfl->wcycle, pfl->cmd, value);
657 
658  reset_flash:
659     trace_pflash_reset();
660     memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(&pfl->mem, true);
661     pfl->wcycle = 0;
662     pfl->cmd = 0;
663 }
664 
665 
666 static MemTxResult pflash_mem_read_with_attrs(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t *value,
667                                               unsigned len, MemTxAttrs attrs)
668 {
669     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
670     bool be = !!(pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_BE));
671 
672     if ((pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_SECURE)) && !attrs.secure) {
673         *value = pflash_data_read(opaque, addr, len, be);
674     } else {
675         *value = pflash_read(opaque, addr, len, be);
676     }
677     return MEMTX_OK;
678 }
679 
680 static MemTxResult pflash_mem_write_with_attrs(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t value,
681                                                unsigned len, MemTxAttrs attrs)
682 {
683     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
684     bool be = !!(pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_BE));
685 
686     if ((pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_SECURE)) && !attrs.secure) {
687         return MEMTX_ERROR;
688     } else {
689         pflash_write(opaque, addr, value, len, be);
690         return MEMTX_OK;
691     }
692 }
693 
694 static const MemoryRegionOps pflash_cfi01_ops = {
695     .read_with_attrs = pflash_mem_read_with_attrs,
696     .write_with_attrs = pflash_mem_write_with_attrs,
697     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
698 };
699 
700 static void pflash_cfi01_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
701 {
702     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = PFLASH_CFI01(dev);
703     uint64_t total_len;
704     int ret;
705     uint64_t blocks_per_device, sector_len_per_device, device_len;
706     int num_devices;
707     Error *local_err = NULL;
708 
709     if (pfl->sector_len == 0) {
710         error_setg(errp, "attribute \"sector-length\" not specified or zero.");
711         return;
712     }
713     if (pfl->nb_blocs == 0) {
714         error_setg(errp, "attribute \"num-blocks\" not specified or zero.");
715         return;
716     }
717     if (pfl->name == NULL) {
718         error_setg(errp, "attribute \"name\" not specified.");
719         return;
720     }
721 
722     total_len = pfl->sector_len * pfl->nb_blocs;
723 
724     /* These are only used to expose the parameters of each device
725      * in the cfi_table[].
726      */
727     num_devices = pfl->device_width ? (pfl->bank_width / pfl->device_width) : 1;
728     if (pfl->old_multiple_chip_handling) {
729         blocks_per_device = pfl->nb_blocs / num_devices;
730         sector_len_per_device = pfl->sector_len;
731     } else {
732         blocks_per_device = pfl->nb_blocs;
733         sector_len_per_device = pfl->sector_len / num_devices;
734     }
735     device_len = sector_len_per_device * blocks_per_device;
736 
737     memory_region_init_rom_device(
738         &pfl->mem, OBJECT(dev),
739         &pflash_cfi01_ops,
740         pfl,
741         pfl->name, total_len, &local_err);
742     if (local_err) {
743         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
744         return;
745     }
746 
747     pfl->storage = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&pfl->mem);
748     sysbus_init_mmio(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &pfl->mem);
749 
750     if (pfl->blk) {
751         uint64_t perm;
752         pfl->ro = blk_is_read_only(pfl->blk);
753         perm = BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ | (pfl->ro ? 0 : BLK_PERM_WRITE);
754         ret = blk_set_perm(pfl->blk, perm, BLK_PERM_ALL, errp);
755         if (ret < 0) {
756             return;
757         }
758     } else {
759         pfl->ro = 0;
760     }
761 
762     if (pfl->blk) {
763         if (!blk_check_size_and_read_all(pfl->blk, pfl->storage, total_len,
764                                          errp)) {
765             vmstate_unregister_ram(&pfl->mem, DEVICE(pfl));
766             return;
767         }
768     }
769 
770     /* Default to devices being used at their maximum device width. This was
771      * assumed before the device_width support was added.
772      */
773     if (!pfl->max_device_width) {
774         pfl->max_device_width = pfl->device_width;
775     }
776 
777     pfl->timer = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, pflash_timer, pfl);
778     pfl->wcycle = 0;
779     pfl->cmd = 0;
780     pfl->status = 0;
781     /* Hardcoded CFI table */
782     /* Standard "QRY" string */
783     pfl->cfi_table[0x10] = 'Q';
784     pfl->cfi_table[0x11] = 'R';
785     pfl->cfi_table[0x12] = 'Y';
786     /* Command set (Intel) */
787     pfl->cfi_table[0x13] = 0x01;
788     pfl->cfi_table[0x14] = 0x00;
789     /* Primary extended table address (none) */
790     pfl->cfi_table[0x15] = 0x31;
791     pfl->cfi_table[0x16] = 0x00;
792     /* Alternate command set (none) */
793     pfl->cfi_table[0x17] = 0x00;
794     pfl->cfi_table[0x18] = 0x00;
795     /* Alternate extended table (none) */
796     pfl->cfi_table[0x19] = 0x00;
797     pfl->cfi_table[0x1A] = 0x00;
798     /* Vcc min */
799     pfl->cfi_table[0x1B] = 0x45;
800     /* Vcc max */
801     pfl->cfi_table[0x1C] = 0x55;
802     /* Vpp min (no Vpp pin) */
803     pfl->cfi_table[0x1D] = 0x00;
804     /* Vpp max (no Vpp pin) */
805     pfl->cfi_table[0x1E] = 0x00;
806     /* Reserved */
807     pfl->cfi_table[0x1F] = 0x07;
808     /* Timeout for min size buffer write */
809     pfl->cfi_table[0x20] = 0x07;
810     /* Typical timeout for block erase */
811     pfl->cfi_table[0x21] = 0x0a;
812     /* Typical timeout for full chip erase (4096 ms) */
813     pfl->cfi_table[0x22] = 0x00;
814     /* Reserved */
815     pfl->cfi_table[0x23] = 0x04;
816     /* Max timeout for buffer write */
817     pfl->cfi_table[0x24] = 0x04;
818     /* Max timeout for block erase */
819     pfl->cfi_table[0x25] = 0x04;
820     /* Max timeout for chip erase */
821     pfl->cfi_table[0x26] = 0x00;
822     /* Device size */
823     pfl->cfi_table[0x27] = ctz32(device_len); /* + 1; */
824     /* Flash device interface (8 & 16 bits) */
825     pfl->cfi_table[0x28] = 0x02;
826     pfl->cfi_table[0x29] = 0x00;
827     /* Max number of bytes in multi-bytes write */
828     if (pfl->bank_width == 1) {
829         pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x08;
830     } else {
831         pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x0B;
832     }
833     pfl->writeblock_size = 1 << pfl->cfi_table[0x2A];
834     if (!pfl->old_multiple_chip_handling && num_devices > 1) {
835         pfl->writeblock_size *= num_devices;
836     }
837 
838     pfl->cfi_table[0x2B] = 0x00;
839     /* Number of erase block regions (uniform) */
840     pfl->cfi_table[0x2C] = 0x01;
841     /* Erase block region 1 */
842     pfl->cfi_table[0x2D] = blocks_per_device - 1;
843     pfl->cfi_table[0x2E] = (blocks_per_device - 1) >> 8;
844     pfl->cfi_table[0x2F] = sector_len_per_device >> 8;
845     pfl->cfi_table[0x30] = sector_len_per_device >> 16;
846 
847     /* Extended */
848     pfl->cfi_table[0x31] = 'P';
849     pfl->cfi_table[0x32] = 'R';
850     pfl->cfi_table[0x33] = 'I';
851 
852     pfl->cfi_table[0x34] = '1';
853     pfl->cfi_table[0x35] = '0';
854 
855     pfl->cfi_table[0x36] = 0x00;
856     pfl->cfi_table[0x37] = 0x00;
857     pfl->cfi_table[0x38] = 0x00;
858     pfl->cfi_table[0x39] = 0x00;
859 
860     pfl->cfi_table[0x3a] = 0x00;
861 
862     pfl->cfi_table[0x3b] = 0x00;
863     pfl->cfi_table[0x3c] = 0x00;
864 
865     pfl->cfi_table[0x3f] = 0x01; /* Number of protection fields */
866 }
867 
868 static Property pflash_cfi01_properties[] = {
869     DEFINE_PROP_DRIVE("drive", PFlashCFI01, blk),
870     /* num-blocks is the number of blocks actually visible to the guest,
871      * ie the total size of the device divided by the sector length.
872      * If we're emulating flash devices wired in parallel the actual
873      * number of blocks per indvidual device will differ.
874      */
875     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("num-blocks", PFlashCFI01, nb_blocs, 0),
876     DEFINE_PROP_UINT64("sector-length", PFlashCFI01, sector_len, 0),
877     /* width here is the overall width of this QEMU device in bytes.
878      * The QEMU device may be emulating a number of flash devices
879      * wired up in parallel; the width of each individual flash
880      * device should be specified via device-width. If the individual
881      * devices have a maximum width which is greater than the width
882      * they are being used for, this maximum width should be set via
883      * max-device-width (which otherwise defaults to device-width).
884      * So for instance a 32-bit wide QEMU flash device made from four
885      * 16-bit flash devices used in 8-bit wide mode would be configured
886      * with width = 4, device-width = 1, max-device-width = 2.
887      *
888      * If device-width is not specified we default to backwards
889      * compatible behaviour which is a bad emulation of two
890      * 16 bit devices making up a 32 bit wide QEMU device. This
891      * is deprecated for new uses of this device.
892      */
893     DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("width", PFlashCFI01, bank_width, 0),
894     DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("device-width", PFlashCFI01, device_width, 0),
895     DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("max-device-width", PFlashCFI01, max_device_width, 0),
896     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("big-endian", PFlashCFI01, features, PFLASH_BE, 0),
897     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("secure", PFlashCFI01, features, PFLASH_SECURE, 0),
898     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id0", PFlashCFI01, ident0, 0),
899     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id1", PFlashCFI01, ident1, 0),
900     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id2", PFlashCFI01, ident2, 0),
901     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id3", PFlashCFI01, ident3, 0),
902     DEFINE_PROP_STRING("name", PFlashCFI01, name),
903     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("old-multiple-chip-handling", PFlashCFI01,
904                      old_multiple_chip_handling, false),
905     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
906 };
907 
908 static void pflash_cfi01_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
909 {
910     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
911 
912     dc->realize = pflash_cfi01_realize;
913     dc->props = pflash_cfi01_properties;
914     dc->vmsd = &vmstate_pflash;
915     set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_STORAGE, dc->categories);
916 }
917 
918 
919 static const TypeInfo pflash_cfi01_info = {
920     .name           = TYPE_PFLASH_CFI01,
921     .parent         = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
922     .instance_size  = sizeof(PFlashCFI01),
923     .class_init     = pflash_cfi01_class_init,
924 };
925 
926 static void pflash_cfi01_register_types(void)
927 {
928     type_register_static(&pflash_cfi01_info);
929 }
930 
931 type_init(pflash_cfi01_register_types)
932 
933 PFlashCFI01 *pflash_cfi01_register(hwaddr base,
934                                    const char *name,
935                                    hwaddr size,
936                                    BlockBackend *blk,
937                                    uint32_t sector_len,
938                                    int bank_width,
939                                    uint16_t id0, uint16_t id1,
940                                    uint16_t id2, uint16_t id3,
941                                    int be)
942 {
943     DeviceState *dev = qdev_create(NULL, TYPE_PFLASH_CFI01);
944 
945     if (blk) {
946         qdev_prop_set_drive(dev, "drive", blk, &error_abort);
947     }
948     assert(size % sector_len == 0);
949     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "num-blocks", size / sector_len);
950     qdev_prop_set_uint64(dev, "sector-length", sector_len);
951     qdev_prop_set_uint8(dev, "width", bank_width);
952     qdev_prop_set_bit(dev, "big-endian", !!be);
953     qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id0", id0);
954     qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id1", id1);
955     qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id2", id2);
956     qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id3", id3);
957     qdev_prop_set_string(dev, "name", name);
958     qdev_init_nofail(dev);
959 
960     sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), 0, base);
961     return PFLASH_CFI01(dev);
962 }
963 
964 BlockBackend *pflash_cfi01_get_blk(PFlashCFI01 *fl)
965 {
966     return fl->blk;
967 }
968 
969 MemoryRegion *pflash_cfi01_get_memory(PFlashCFI01 *fl)
970 {
971     return &fl->mem;
972 }
973 
974 /*
975  * Handle -drive if=pflash for machines that use properties.
976  * If @dinfo is null, do nothing.
977  * Else if @fl's property "drive" is already set, fatal error.
978  * Else set it to the BlockBackend with @dinfo.
979  */
980 void pflash_cfi01_legacy_drive(PFlashCFI01 *fl, DriveInfo *dinfo)
981 {
982     Location loc;
983 
984     if (!dinfo) {
985         return;
986     }
987 
988     loc_push_none(&loc);
989     qemu_opts_loc_restore(dinfo->opts);
990     if (fl->blk) {
991         error_report("clashes with -machine");
992         exit(1);
993     }
994     qdev_prop_set_drive(DEVICE(fl), "drive",
995                         blk_by_legacy_dinfo(dinfo), &error_fatal);
996     loc_pop(&loc);
997 }
998 
999 static void postload_update_cb(void *opaque, int running, RunState state)
1000 {
1001     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
1002 
1003     /* This is called after bdrv_invalidate_cache_all.  */
1004     qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(pfl->vmstate);
1005     pfl->vmstate = NULL;
1006 
1007     DPRINTF("%s: updating bdrv for %s\n", __func__, pfl->name);
1008     pflash_update(pfl, 0, pfl->sector_len * pfl->nb_blocs);
1009 }
1010 
1011 static int pflash_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id)
1012 {
1013     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
1014 
1015     if (!pfl->ro) {
1016         pfl->vmstate = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(postload_update_cb,
1017                                                         pfl);
1018     }
1019     return 0;
1020 }
1021