xref: /openbmc/qemu/hw/block/pflash_cfi01.c (revision 135b03cb)
1 /*
2  *  CFI parallel flash with Intel command set emulation
3  *
4  *  Copyright (c) 2006 Thorsten Zitterell
5  *  Copyright (c) 2005 Jocelyn Mayer
6  *
7  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
9  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
10  * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11  *
12  * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
15  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
16  *
17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
18  * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
19  */
20 
21 /*
22  * For now, this code can emulate flashes of 1, 2 or 4 bytes width.
23  * Supported commands/modes are:
24  * - flash read
25  * - flash write
26  * - flash ID read
27  * - sector erase
28  * - CFI queries
29  *
30  * It does not support timings
31  * It does not support flash interleaving
32  * It does not implement software data protection as found in many real chips
33  * It does not implement erase suspend/resume commands
34  * It does not implement multiple sectors erase
35  *
36  * It does not implement much more ...
37  */
38 
39 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
40 #include "hw/block/block.h"
41 #include "hw/block/flash.h"
42 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
43 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
44 #include "qapi/error.h"
45 #include "qemu/timer.h"
46 #include "qemu/bitops.h"
47 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
48 #include "qemu/host-utils.h"
49 #include "qemu/log.h"
50 #include "qemu/module.h"
51 #include "qemu/option.h"
52 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
53 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
54 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
55 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
56 #include "trace.h"
57 
58 /* #define PFLASH_DEBUG */
59 #ifdef PFLASH_DEBUG
60 #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...)                                   \
61 do {                                                        \
62     fprintf(stderr, "PFLASH: " fmt , ## __VA_ARGS__);       \
63 } while (0)
64 #else
65 #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) do { } while (0)
66 #endif
67 
68 #define PFLASH_BE          0
69 #define PFLASH_SECURE      1
70 
71 struct PFlashCFI01 {
72     /*< private >*/
73     SysBusDevice parent_obj;
74     /*< public >*/
75 
76     BlockBackend *blk;
77     uint32_t nb_blocs;
78     uint64_t sector_len;
79     uint8_t bank_width;
80     uint8_t device_width; /* If 0, device width not specified. */
81     uint8_t max_device_width;  /* max device width in bytes */
82     uint32_t features;
83     uint8_t wcycle; /* if 0, the flash is read normally */
84     int ro;
85     uint8_t cmd;
86     uint8_t status;
87     uint16_t ident0;
88     uint16_t ident1;
89     uint16_t ident2;
90     uint16_t ident3;
91     uint8_t cfi_table[0x52];
92     uint64_t counter;
93     unsigned int writeblock_size;
94     QEMUTimer *timer;
95     MemoryRegion mem;
96     char *name;
97     void *storage;
98     VMChangeStateEntry *vmstate;
99     bool old_multiple_chip_handling;
100 };
101 
102 static int pflash_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id);
103 
104 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_pflash = {
105     .name = "pflash_cfi01",
106     .version_id = 1,
107     .minimum_version_id = 1,
108     .post_load = pflash_post_load,
109     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
110         VMSTATE_UINT8(wcycle, PFlashCFI01),
111         VMSTATE_UINT8(cmd, PFlashCFI01),
112         VMSTATE_UINT8(status, PFlashCFI01),
113         VMSTATE_UINT64(counter, PFlashCFI01),
114         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
115     }
116 };
117 
118 static void pflash_timer (void *opaque)
119 {
120     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
121 
122     trace_pflash_timer_expired(pfl->cmd);
123     /* Reset flash */
124     pfl->status ^= 0x80;
125     memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(&pfl->mem, true);
126     pfl->wcycle = 0;
127     pfl->cmd = 0;
128 }
129 
130 /* Perform a CFI query based on the bank width of the flash.
131  * If this code is called we know we have a device_width set for
132  * this flash.
133  */
134 static uint32_t pflash_cfi_query(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset)
135 {
136     int i;
137     uint32_t resp = 0;
138     hwaddr boff;
139 
140     /* Adjust incoming offset to match expected device-width
141      * addressing. CFI query addresses are always specified in terms of
142      * the maximum supported width of the device.  This means that x8
143      * devices and x8/x16 devices in x8 mode behave differently.  For
144      * devices that are not used at their max width, we will be
145      * provided with addresses that use higher address bits than
146      * expected (based on the max width), so we will shift them lower
147      * so that they will match the addresses used when
148      * device_width==max_device_width.
149      */
150     boff = offset >> (ctz32(pfl->bank_width) +
151                       ctz32(pfl->max_device_width) - ctz32(pfl->device_width));
152 
153     if (boff >= sizeof(pfl->cfi_table)) {
154         return 0;
155     }
156     /* Now we will construct the CFI response generated by a single
157      * device, then replicate that for all devices that make up the
158      * bus.  For wide parts used in x8 mode, CFI query responses
159      * are different than native byte-wide parts.
160      */
161     resp = pfl->cfi_table[boff];
162     if (pfl->device_width != pfl->max_device_width) {
163         /* The only case currently supported is x8 mode for a
164          * wider part.
165          */
166         if (pfl->device_width != 1 || pfl->bank_width > 4) {
167             DPRINTF("%s: Unsupported device configuration: "
168                     "device_width=%d, max_device_width=%d\n",
169                     __func__, pfl->device_width,
170                     pfl->max_device_width);
171             return 0;
172         }
173         /* CFI query data is repeated, rather than zero padded for
174          * wide devices used in x8 mode.
175          */
176         for (i = 1; i < pfl->max_device_width; i++) {
177             resp = deposit32(resp, 8 * i, 8, pfl->cfi_table[boff]);
178         }
179     }
180     /* Replicate responses for each device in bank. */
181     if (pfl->device_width < pfl->bank_width) {
182         for (i = pfl->device_width;
183              i < pfl->bank_width; i += pfl->device_width) {
184             resp = deposit32(resp, 8 * i, 8 * pfl->device_width, resp);
185         }
186     }
187 
188     return resp;
189 }
190 
191 
192 
193 /* Perform a device id query based on the bank width of the flash. */
194 static uint32_t pflash_devid_query(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset)
195 {
196     int i;
197     uint32_t resp;
198     hwaddr boff;
199 
200     /* Adjust incoming offset to match expected device-width
201      * addressing. Device ID read addresses are always specified in
202      * terms of the maximum supported width of the device.  This means
203      * that x8 devices and x8/x16 devices in x8 mode behave
204      * differently. For devices that are not used at their max width,
205      * we will be provided with addresses that use higher address bits
206      * than expected (based on the max width), so we will shift them
207      * lower so that they will match the addresses used when
208      * device_width==max_device_width.
209      */
210     boff = offset >> (ctz32(pfl->bank_width) +
211                       ctz32(pfl->max_device_width) - ctz32(pfl->device_width));
212 
213     /* Mask off upper bits which may be used in to query block
214      * or sector lock status at other addresses.
215      * Offsets 2/3 are block lock status, is not emulated.
216      */
217     switch (boff & 0xFF) {
218     case 0:
219         resp = pfl->ident0;
220         trace_pflash_manufacturer_id(resp);
221         break;
222     case 1:
223         resp = pfl->ident1;
224         trace_pflash_device_id(resp);
225         break;
226     default:
227         trace_pflash_device_info(offset);
228         return 0;
229         break;
230     }
231     /* Replicate responses for each device in bank. */
232     if (pfl->device_width < pfl->bank_width) {
233         for (i = pfl->device_width;
234               i < pfl->bank_width; i += pfl->device_width) {
235             resp = deposit32(resp, 8 * i, 8 * pfl->device_width, resp);
236         }
237     }
238 
239     return resp;
240 }
241 
242 static uint32_t pflash_data_read(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
243                                  int width, int be)
244 {
245     uint8_t *p;
246     uint32_t ret;
247 
248     p = pfl->storage;
249     switch (width) {
250     case 1:
251         ret = p[offset];
252         break;
253     case 2:
254         if (be) {
255             ret = p[offset] << 8;
256             ret |= p[offset + 1];
257         } else {
258             ret = p[offset];
259             ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
260         }
261         break;
262     case 4:
263         if (be) {
264             ret = p[offset] << 24;
265             ret |= p[offset + 1] << 16;
266             ret |= p[offset + 2] << 8;
267             ret |= p[offset + 3];
268         } else {
269             ret = p[offset];
270             ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
271             ret |= p[offset + 2] << 16;
272             ret |= p[offset + 3] << 24;
273         }
274         break;
275     default:
276         DPRINTF("BUG in %s\n", __func__);
277         abort();
278     }
279     trace_pflash_data_read(offset, width << 1, ret);
280     return ret;
281 }
282 
283 static uint32_t pflash_read(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
284                             int width, int be)
285 {
286     hwaddr boff;
287     uint32_t ret;
288 
289     ret = -1;
290     switch (pfl->cmd) {
291     default:
292         /* This should never happen : reset state & treat it as a read */
293         DPRINTF("%s: unknown command state: %x\n", __func__, pfl->cmd);
294         pfl->wcycle = 0;
295         pfl->cmd = 0;
296         /* fall through to read code */
297     case 0x00:
298         /* Flash area read */
299         ret = pflash_data_read(pfl, offset, width, be);
300         break;
301     case 0x10: /* Single byte program */
302     case 0x20: /* Block erase */
303     case 0x28: /* Block erase */
304     case 0x40: /* single byte program */
305     case 0x50: /* Clear status register */
306     case 0x60: /* Block /un)lock */
307     case 0x70: /* Status Register */
308     case 0xe8: /* Write block */
309         /* Status register read.  Return status from each device in
310          * bank.
311          */
312         ret = pfl->status;
313         if (pfl->device_width && width > pfl->device_width) {
314             int shift = pfl->device_width * 8;
315             while (shift + pfl->device_width * 8 <= width * 8) {
316                 ret |= pfl->status << shift;
317                 shift += pfl->device_width * 8;
318             }
319         } else if (!pfl->device_width && width > 2) {
320             /* Handle 32 bit flash cases where device width is not
321              * set. (Existing behavior before device width added.)
322              */
323             ret |= pfl->status << 16;
324         }
325         DPRINTF("%s: status %x\n", __func__, ret);
326         break;
327     case 0x90:
328         if (!pfl->device_width) {
329             /* Preserve old behavior if device width not specified */
330             boff = offset & 0xFF;
331             if (pfl->bank_width == 2) {
332                 boff = boff >> 1;
333             } else if (pfl->bank_width == 4) {
334                 boff = boff >> 2;
335             }
336 
337             switch (boff) {
338             case 0:
339                 ret = pfl->ident0 << 8 | pfl->ident1;
340                 trace_pflash_manufacturer_id(ret);
341                 break;
342             case 1:
343                 ret = pfl->ident2 << 8 | pfl->ident3;
344                 trace_pflash_device_id(ret);
345                 break;
346             default:
347                 trace_pflash_device_info(boff);
348                 ret = 0;
349                 break;
350             }
351         } else {
352             /* If we have a read larger than the bank_width, combine multiple
353              * manufacturer/device ID queries into a single response.
354              */
355             int i;
356             for (i = 0; i < width; i += pfl->bank_width) {
357                 ret = deposit32(ret, i * 8, pfl->bank_width * 8,
358                                 pflash_devid_query(pfl,
359                                                  offset + i * pfl->bank_width));
360             }
361         }
362         break;
363     case 0x98: /* Query mode */
364         if (!pfl->device_width) {
365             /* Preserve old behavior if device width not specified */
366             boff = offset & 0xFF;
367             if (pfl->bank_width == 2) {
368                 boff = boff >> 1;
369             } else if (pfl->bank_width == 4) {
370                 boff = boff >> 2;
371             }
372 
373             if (boff < sizeof(pfl->cfi_table)) {
374                 ret = pfl->cfi_table[boff];
375             } else {
376                 ret = 0;
377             }
378         } else {
379             /* If we have a read larger than the bank_width, combine multiple
380              * CFI queries into a single response.
381              */
382             int i;
383             for (i = 0; i < width; i += pfl->bank_width) {
384                 ret = deposit32(ret, i * 8, pfl->bank_width * 8,
385                                 pflash_cfi_query(pfl,
386                                                  offset + i * pfl->bank_width));
387             }
388         }
389 
390         break;
391     }
392     trace_pflash_io_read(offset, width, width << 1, ret, pfl->cmd, pfl->wcycle);
393 
394     return ret;
395 }
396 
397 /* update flash content on disk */
398 static void pflash_update(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, int offset,
399                           int size)
400 {
401     int offset_end;
402     if (pfl->blk) {
403         offset_end = offset + size;
404         /* widen to sector boundaries */
405         offset = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(offset, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
406         offset_end = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(offset_end, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
407         blk_pwrite(pfl->blk, offset, pfl->storage + offset,
408                    offset_end - offset, 0);
409     }
410 }
411 
412 static inline void pflash_data_write(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
413                                      uint32_t value, int width, int be)
414 {
415     uint8_t *p = pfl->storage;
416 
417     trace_pflash_data_write(offset, width << 1, value, pfl->counter);
418     switch (width) {
419     case 1:
420         p[offset] = value;
421         break;
422     case 2:
423         if (be) {
424             p[offset] = value >> 8;
425             p[offset + 1] = value;
426         } else {
427             p[offset] = value;
428             p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
429         }
430         break;
431     case 4:
432         if (be) {
433             p[offset] = value >> 24;
434             p[offset + 1] = value >> 16;
435             p[offset + 2] = value >> 8;
436             p[offset + 3] = value;
437         } else {
438             p[offset] = value;
439             p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
440             p[offset + 2] = value >> 16;
441             p[offset + 3] = value >> 24;
442         }
443         break;
444     }
445 
446 }
447 
448 static void pflash_write(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
449                          uint32_t value, int width, int be)
450 {
451     uint8_t *p;
452     uint8_t cmd;
453 
454     cmd = value;
455 
456     trace_pflash_io_write(offset, width, width << 1, value, pfl->wcycle);
457     if (!pfl->wcycle) {
458         /* Set the device in I/O access mode */
459         memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(&pfl->mem, false);
460     }
461 
462     switch (pfl->wcycle) {
463     case 0:
464         /* read mode */
465         switch (cmd) {
466         case 0x00: /* ??? */
467             goto reset_flash;
468         case 0x10: /* Single Byte Program */
469         case 0x40: /* Single Byte Program */
470             DPRINTF("%s: Single Byte Program\n", __func__);
471             break;
472         case 0x20: /* Block erase */
473             p = pfl->storage;
474             offset &= ~(pfl->sector_len - 1);
475 
476             DPRINTF("%s: block erase at " TARGET_FMT_plx " bytes %x\n",
477                     __func__, offset, (unsigned)pfl->sector_len);
478 
479             if (!pfl->ro) {
480                 memset(p + offset, 0xff, pfl->sector_len);
481                 pflash_update(pfl, offset, pfl->sector_len);
482             } else {
483                 pfl->status |= 0x20; /* Block erase error */
484             }
485             pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
486             break;
487         case 0x50: /* Clear status bits */
488             DPRINTF("%s: Clear status bits\n", __func__);
489             pfl->status = 0x0;
490             goto reset_flash;
491         case 0x60: /* Block (un)lock */
492             DPRINTF("%s: Block unlock\n", __func__);
493             break;
494         case 0x70: /* Status Register */
495             DPRINTF("%s: Read status register\n", __func__);
496             pfl->cmd = cmd;
497             return;
498         case 0x90: /* Read Device ID */
499             DPRINTF("%s: Read Device information\n", __func__);
500             pfl->cmd = cmd;
501             return;
502         case 0x98: /* CFI query */
503             DPRINTF("%s: CFI query\n", __func__);
504             break;
505         case 0xe8: /* Write to buffer */
506             DPRINTF("%s: Write to buffer\n", __func__);
507             /* FIXME should save @offset, @width for case 1+ */
508             qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
509                           "%s: Write to buffer emulation is flawed\n",
510                           __func__);
511             pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
512             break;
513         case 0xf0: /* Probe for AMD flash */
514             DPRINTF("%s: Probe for AMD flash\n", __func__);
515             goto reset_flash;
516         case 0xff: /* Read array mode */
517             DPRINTF("%s: Read array mode\n", __func__);
518             goto reset_flash;
519         default:
520             goto error_flash;
521         }
522         pfl->wcycle++;
523         pfl->cmd = cmd;
524         break;
525     case 1:
526         switch (pfl->cmd) {
527         case 0x10: /* Single Byte Program */
528         case 0x40: /* Single Byte Program */
529             DPRINTF("%s: Single Byte Program\n", __func__);
530             if (!pfl->ro) {
531                 pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
532                 pflash_update(pfl, offset, width);
533             } else {
534                 pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
535             }
536             pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
537             pfl->wcycle = 0;
538         break;
539         case 0x20: /* Block erase */
540         case 0x28:
541             if (cmd == 0xd0) { /* confirm */
542                 pfl->wcycle = 0;
543                 pfl->status |= 0x80;
544             } else if (cmd == 0xff) { /* read array mode */
545                 goto reset_flash;
546             } else
547                 goto error_flash;
548 
549             break;
550         case 0xe8:
551             /* Mask writeblock size based on device width, or bank width if
552              * device width not specified.
553              */
554             /* FIXME check @offset, @width */
555             if (pfl->device_width) {
556                 value = extract32(value, 0, pfl->device_width * 8);
557             } else {
558                 value = extract32(value, 0, pfl->bank_width * 8);
559             }
560             DPRINTF("%s: block write of %x bytes\n", __func__, value);
561             pfl->counter = value;
562             pfl->wcycle++;
563             break;
564         case 0x60:
565             if (cmd == 0xd0) {
566                 pfl->wcycle = 0;
567                 pfl->status |= 0x80;
568             } else if (cmd == 0x01) {
569                 pfl->wcycle = 0;
570                 pfl->status |= 0x80;
571             } else if (cmd == 0xff) {
572                 goto reset_flash;
573             } else {
574                 DPRINTF("%s: Unknown (un)locking command\n", __func__);
575                 goto reset_flash;
576             }
577             break;
578         case 0x98:
579             if (cmd == 0xff) {
580                 goto reset_flash;
581             } else {
582                 DPRINTF("%s: leaving query mode\n", __func__);
583             }
584             break;
585         default:
586             goto error_flash;
587         }
588         break;
589     case 2:
590         switch (pfl->cmd) {
591         case 0xe8: /* Block write */
592             /* FIXME check @offset, @width */
593             if (!pfl->ro) {
594                 /*
595                  * FIXME writing straight to memory is *wrong*.  We
596                  * should write to a buffer, and flush it to memory
597                  * only on confirm command (see below).
598                  */
599                 pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
600             } else {
601                 pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
602             }
603 
604             pfl->status |= 0x80;
605 
606             if (!pfl->counter) {
607                 hwaddr mask = pfl->writeblock_size - 1;
608                 mask = ~mask;
609 
610                 DPRINTF("%s: block write finished\n", __func__);
611                 pfl->wcycle++;
612                 if (!pfl->ro) {
613                     /* Flush the entire write buffer onto backing storage.  */
614                     /* FIXME premature! */
615                     pflash_update(pfl, offset & mask, pfl->writeblock_size);
616                 } else {
617                     pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
618                 }
619             }
620 
621             pfl->counter--;
622             break;
623         default:
624             goto error_flash;
625         }
626         break;
627     case 3: /* Confirm mode */
628         switch (pfl->cmd) {
629         case 0xe8: /* Block write */
630             if (cmd == 0xd0) {
631                 /* FIXME this is where we should write out the buffer */
632                 pfl->wcycle = 0;
633                 pfl->status |= 0x80;
634             } else {
635                 qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
636                     "%s: Aborting write to buffer not implemented,"
637                     " the data is already written to storage!\n"
638                     "Flash device reset into READ mode.\n",
639                     __func__);
640                 goto reset_flash;
641             }
642             break;
643         default:
644             goto error_flash;
645         }
646         break;
647     default:
648         /* Should never happen */
649         DPRINTF("%s: invalid write state\n",  __func__);
650         goto reset_flash;
651     }
652     return;
653 
654  error_flash:
655     qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP, "%s: Unimplemented flash cmd sequence "
656                   "(offset " TARGET_FMT_plx ", wcycle 0x%x cmd 0x%x value 0x%x)"
657                   "\n", __func__, offset, pfl->wcycle, pfl->cmd, value);
658 
659  reset_flash:
660     trace_pflash_reset();
661     memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(&pfl->mem, true);
662     pfl->wcycle = 0;
663     pfl->cmd = 0;
664 }
665 
666 
667 static MemTxResult pflash_mem_read_with_attrs(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t *value,
668                                               unsigned len, MemTxAttrs attrs)
669 {
670     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
671     bool be = !!(pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_BE));
672 
673     if ((pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_SECURE)) && !attrs.secure) {
674         *value = pflash_data_read(opaque, addr, len, be);
675     } else {
676         *value = pflash_read(opaque, addr, len, be);
677     }
678     return MEMTX_OK;
679 }
680 
681 static MemTxResult pflash_mem_write_with_attrs(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t value,
682                                                unsigned len, MemTxAttrs attrs)
683 {
684     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
685     bool be = !!(pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_BE));
686 
687     if ((pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_SECURE)) && !attrs.secure) {
688         return MEMTX_ERROR;
689     } else {
690         pflash_write(opaque, addr, value, len, be);
691         return MEMTX_OK;
692     }
693 }
694 
695 static const MemoryRegionOps pflash_cfi01_ops = {
696     .read_with_attrs = pflash_mem_read_with_attrs,
697     .write_with_attrs = pflash_mem_write_with_attrs,
698     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
699 };
700 
701 static void pflash_cfi01_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
702 {
703     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = PFLASH_CFI01(dev);
704     uint64_t total_len;
705     int ret;
706     uint64_t blocks_per_device, sector_len_per_device, device_len;
707     int num_devices;
708     Error *local_err = NULL;
709 
710     if (pfl->sector_len == 0) {
711         error_setg(errp, "attribute \"sector-length\" not specified or zero.");
712         return;
713     }
714     if (pfl->nb_blocs == 0) {
715         error_setg(errp, "attribute \"num-blocks\" not specified or zero.");
716         return;
717     }
718     if (pfl->name == NULL) {
719         error_setg(errp, "attribute \"name\" not specified.");
720         return;
721     }
722 
723     total_len = pfl->sector_len * pfl->nb_blocs;
724 
725     /* These are only used to expose the parameters of each device
726      * in the cfi_table[].
727      */
728     num_devices = pfl->device_width ? (pfl->bank_width / pfl->device_width) : 1;
729     if (pfl->old_multiple_chip_handling) {
730         blocks_per_device = pfl->nb_blocs / num_devices;
731         sector_len_per_device = pfl->sector_len;
732     } else {
733         blocks_per_device = pfl->nb_blocs;
734         sector_len_per_device = pfl->sector_len / num_devices;
735     }
736     device_len = sector_len_per_device * blocks_per_device;
737 
738     memory_region_init_rom_device(
739         &pfl->mem, OBJECT(dev),
740         &pflash_cfi01_ops,
741         pfl,
742         pfl->name, total_len, &local_err);
743     if (local_err) {
744         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
745         return;
746     }
747 
748     pfl->storage = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&pfl->mem);
749     sysbus_init_mmio(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &pfl->mem);
750 
751     if (pfl->blk) {
752         uint64_t perm;
753         pfl->ro = blk_is_read_only(pfl->blk);
754         perm = BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ | (pfl->ro ? 0 : BLK_PERM_WRITE);
755         ret = blk_set_perm(pfl->blk, perm, BLK_PERM_ALL, errp);
756         if (ret < 0) {
757             return;
758         }
759     } else {
760         pfl->ro = 0;
761     }
762 
763     if (pfl->blk) {
764         if (!blk_check_size_and_read_all(pfl->blk, pfl->storage, total_len,
765                                          errp)) {
766             vmstate_unregister_ram(&pfl->mem, DEVICE(pfl));
767             return;
768         }
769     }
770 
771     /* Default to devices being used at their maximum device width. This was
772      * assumed before the device_width support was added.
773      */
774     if (!pfl->max_device_width) {
775         pfl->max_device_width = pfl->device_width;
776     }
777 
778     pfl->timer = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, pflash_timer, pfl);
779     pfl->wcycle = 0;
780     pfl->cmd = 0;
781     pfl->status = 0x80; /* WSM ready */
782     /* Hardcoded CFI table */
783     /* Standard "QRY" string */
784     pfl->cfi_table[0x10] = 'Q';
785     pfl->cfi_table[0x11] = 'R';
786     pfl->cfi_table[0x12] = 'Y';
787     /* Command set (Intel) */
788     pfl->cfi_table[0x13] = 0x01;
789     pfl->cfi_table[0x14] = 0x00;
790     /* Primary extended table address (none) */
791     pfl->cfi_table[0x15] = 0x31;
792     pfl->cfi_table[0x16] = 0x00;
793     /* Alternate command set (none) */
794     pfl->cfi_table[0x17] = 0x00;
795     pfl->cfi_table[0x18] = 0x00;
796     /* Alternate extended table (none) */
797     pfl->cfi_table[0x19] = 0x00;
798     pfl->cfi_table[0x1A] = 0x00;
799     /* Vcc min */
800     pfl->cfi_table[0x1B] = 0x45;
801     /* Vcc max */
802     pfl->cfi_table[0x1C] = 0x55;
803     /* Vpp min (no Vpp pin) */
804     pfl->cfi_table[0x1D] = 0x00;
805     /* Vpp max (no Vpp pin) */
806     pfl->cfi_table[0x1E] = 0x00;
807     /* Reserved */
808     pfl->cfi_table[0x1F] = 0x07;
809     /* Timeout for min size buffer write */
810     pfl->cfi_table[0x20] = 0x07;
811     /* Typical timeout for block erase */
812     pfl->cfi_table[0x21] = 0x0a;
813     /* Typical timeout for full chip erase (4096 ms) */
814     pfl->cfi_table[0x22] = 0x00;
815     /* Reserved */
816     pfl->cfi_table[0x23] = 0x04;
817     /* Max timeout for buffer write */
818     pfl->cfi_table[0x24] = 0x04;
819     /* Max timeout for block erase */
820     pfl->cfi_table[0x25] = 0x04;
821     /* Max timeout for chip erase */
822     pfl->cfi_table[0x26] = 0x00;
823     /* Device size */
824     pfl->cfi_table[0x27] = ctz32(device_len); /* + 1; */
825     /* Flash device interface (8 & 16 bits) */
826     pfl->cfi_table[0x28] = 0x02;
827     pfl->cfi_table[0x29] = 0x00;
828     /* Max number of bytes in multi-bytes write */
829     if (pfl->bank_width == 1) {
830         pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x08;
831     } else {
832         pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x0B;
833     }
834     pfl->writeblock_size = 1 << pfl->cfi_table[0x2A];
835     if (!pfl->old_multiple_chip_handling && num_devices > 1) {
836         pfl->writeblock_size *= num_devices;
837     }
838 
839     pfl->cfi_table[0x2B] = 0x00;
840     /* Number of erase block regions (uniform) */
841     pfl->cfi_table[0x2C] = 0x01;
842     /* Erase block region 1 */
843     pfl->cfi_table[0x2D] = blocks_per_device - 1;
844     pfl->cfi_table[0x2E] = (blocks_per_device - 1) >> 8;
845     pfl->cfi_table[0x2F] = sector_len_per_device >> 8;
846     pfl->cfi_table[0x30] = sector_len_per_device >> 16;
847 
848     /* Extended */
849     pfl->cfi_table[0x31] = 'P';
850     pfl->cfi_table[0x32] = 'R';
851     pfl->cfi_table[0x33] = 'I';
852 
853     pfl->cfi_table[0x34] = '1';
854     pfl->cfi_table[0x35] = '0';
855 
856     pfl->cfi_table[0x36] = 0x00;
857     pfl->cfi_table[0x37] = 0x00;
858     pfl->cfi_table[0x38] = 0x00;
859     pfl->cfi_table[0x39] = 0x00;
860 
861     pfl->cfi_table[0x3a] = 0x00;
862 
863     pfl->cfi_table[0x3b] = 0x00;
864     pfl->cfi_table[0x3c] = 0x00;
865 
866     pfl->cfi_table[0x3f] = 0x01; /* Number of protection fields */
867 }
868 
869 static void pflash_cfi01_system_reset(DeviceState *dev)
870 {
871     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = PFLASH_CFI01(dev);
872 
873     /*
874      * The command 0x00 is not assigned by the CFI open standard,
875      * but QEMU historically uses it for the READ_ARRAY command (0xff).
876      */
877     pfl->cmd = 0x00;
878     pfl->wcycle = 0;
879     memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(&pfl->mem, true);
880     /*
881      * The WSM ready timer occurs at most 150ns after system reset.
882      * This model deliberately ignores this delay.
883      */
884     pfl->status = 0x80;
885 }
886 
887 static Property pflash_cfi01_properties[] = {
888     DEFINE_PROP_DRIVE("drive", PFlashCFI01, blk),
889     /* num-blocks is the number of blocks actually visible to the guest,
890      * ie the total size of the device divided by the sector length.
891      * If we're emulating flash devices wired in parallel the actual
892      * number of blocks per indvidual device will differ.
893      */
894     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("num-blocks", PFlashCFI01, nb_blocs, 0),
895     DEFINE_PROP_UINT64("sector-length", PFlashCFI01, sector_len, 0),
896     /* width here is the overall width of this QEMU device in bytes.
897      * The QEMU device may be emulating a number of flash devices
898      * wired up in parallel; the width of each individual flash
899      * device should be specified via device-width. If the individual
900      * devices have a maximum width which is greater than the width
901      * they are being used for, this maximum width should be set via
902      * max-device-width (which otherwise defaults to device-width).
903      * So for instance a 32-bit wide QEMU flash device made from four
904      * 16-bit flash devices used in 8-bit wide mode would be configured
905      * with width = 4, device-width = 1, max-device-width = 2.
906      *
907      * If device-width is not specified we default to backwards
908      * compatible behaviour which is a bad emulation of two
909      * 16 bit devices making up a 32 bit wide QEMU device. This
910      * is deprecated for new uses of this device.
911      */
912     DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("width", PFlashCFI01, bank_width, 0),
913     DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("device-width", PFlashCFI01, device_width, 0),
914     DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("max-device-width", PFlashCFI01, max_device_width, 0),
915     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("big-endian", PFlashCFI01, features, PFLASH_BE, 0),
916     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("secure", PFlashCFI01, features, PFLASH_SECURE, 0),
917     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id0", PFlashCFI01, ident0, 0),
918     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id1", PFlashCFI01, ident1, 0),
919     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id2", PFlashCFI01, ident2, 0),
920     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id3", PFlashCFI01, ident3, 0),
921     DEFINE_PROP_STRING("name", PFlashCFI01, name),
922     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("old-multiple-chip-handling", PFlashCFI01,
923                      old_multiple_chip_handling, false),
924     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
925 };
926 
927 static void pflash_cfi01_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
928 {
929     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
930 
931     dc->reset = pflash_cfi01_system_reset;
932     dc->realize = pflash_cfi01_realize;
933     dc->props = pflash_cfi01_properties;
934     dc->vmsd = &vmstate_pflash;
935     set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_STORAGE, dc->categories);
936 }
937 
938 
939 static const TypeInfo pflash_cfi01_info = {
940     .name           = TYPE_PFLASH_CFI01,
941     .parent         = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
942     .instance_size  = sizeof(PFlashCFI01),
943     .class_init     = pflash_cfi01_class_init,
944 };
945 
946 static void pflash_cfi01_register_types(void)
947 {
948     type_register_static(&pflash_cfi01_info);
949 }
950 
951 type_init(pflash_cfi01_register_types)
952 
953 PFlashCFI01 *pflash_cfi01_register(hwaddr base,
954                                    const char *name,
955                                    hwaddr size,
956                                    BlockBackend *blk,
957                                    uint32_t sector_len,
958                                    int bank_width,
959                                    uint16_t id0, uint16_t id1,
960                                    uint16_t id2, uint16_t id3,
961                                    int be)
962 {
963     DeviceState *dev = qdev_create(NULL, TYPE_PFLASH_CFI01);
964 
965     if (blk) {
966         qdev_prop_set_drive(dev, "drive", blk, &error_abort);
967     }
968     assert(size % sector_len == 0);
969     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "num-blocks", size / sector_len);
970     qdev_prop_set_uint64(dev, "sector-length", sector_len);
971     qdev_prop_set_uint8(dev, "width", bank_width);
972     qdev_prop_set_bit(dev, "big-endian", !!be);
973     qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id0", id0);
974     qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id1", id1);
975     qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id2", id2);
976     qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id3", id3);
977     qdev_prop_set_string(dev, "name", name);
978     qdev_init_nofail(dev);
979 
980     sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), 0, base);
981     return PFLASH_CFI01(dev);
982 }
983 
984 BlockBackend *pflash_cfi01_get_blk(PFlashCFI01 *fl)
985 {
986     return fl->blk;
987 }
988 
989 MemoryRegion *pflash_cfi01_get_memory(PFlashCFI01 *fl)
990 {
991     return &fl->mem;
992 }
993 
994 /*
995  * Handle -drive if=pflash for machines that use properties.
996  * If @dinfo is null, do nothing.
997  * Else if @fl's property "drive" is already set, fatal error.
998  * Else set it to the BlockBackend with @dinfo.
999  */
1000 void pflash_cfi01_legacy_drive(PFlashCFI01 *fl, DriveInfo *dinfo)
1001 {
1002     Location loc;
1003 
1004     if (!dinfo) {
1005         return;
1006     }
1007 
1008     loc_push_none(&loc);
1009     qemu_opts_loc_restore(dinfo->opts);
1010     if (fl->blk) {
1011         error_report("clashes with -machine");
1012         exit(1);
1013     }
1014     qdev_prop_set_drive(DEVICE(fl), "drive",
1015                         blk_by_legacy_dinfo(dinfo), &error_fatal);
1016     loc_pop(&loc);
1017 }
1018 
1019 static void postload_update_cb(void *opaque, int running, RunState state)
1020 {
1021     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
1022 
1023     /* This is called after bdrv_invalidate_cache_all.  */
1024     qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(pfl->vmstate);
1025     pfl->vmstate = NULL;
1026 
1027     DPRINTF("%s: updating bdrv for %s\n", __func__, pfl->name);
1028     pflash_update(pfl, 0, pfl->sector_len * pfl->nb_blocs);
1029 }
1030 
1031 static int pflash_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id)
1032 {
1033     PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
1034 
1035     if (!pfl->ro) {
1036         pfl->vmstate = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(postload_update_cb,
1037                                                         pfl);
1038     }
1039     return 0;
1040 }
1041