1 /* 2 * ARM kernel loader. 3 * 4 * Copyright (c) 2006-2007 CodeSourcery. 5 * Written by Paul Brook 6 * 7 * This code is licensed under the GPL. 8 */ 9 10 #include "qemu/osdep.h" 11 #include "qemu/error-report.h" 12 #include "qapi/error.h" 13 #include <libfdt.h> 14 #include "hw/hw.h" 15 #include "hw/arm/arm.h" 16 #include "hw/arm/linux-boot-if.h" 17 #include "sysemu/kvm.h" 18 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h" 19 #include "sysemu/numa.h" 20 #include "hw/boards.h" 21 #include "hw/loader.h" 22 #include "elf.h" 23 #include "sysemu/device_tree.h" 24 #include "qemu/config-file.h" 25 #include "qemu/option.h" 26 #include "exec/address-spaces.h" 27 28 /* Kernel boot protocol is specified in the kernel docs 29 * Documentation/arm/Booting and Documentation/arm64/booting.txt 30 * They have different preferred image load offsets from system RAM base. 31 */ 32 #define KERNEL_ARGS_ADDR 0x100 33 #define KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR 0x00010000 34 #define KERNEL64_LOAD_ADDR 0x00080000 35 36 #define ARM64_TEXT_OFFSET_OFFSET 8 37 #define ARM64_MAGIC_OFFSET 56 38 39 static AddressSpace *arm_boot_address_space(ARMCPU *cpu, 40 const struct arm_boot_info *info) 41 { 42 /* Return the address space to use for bootloader reads and writes. 43 * We prefer the secure address space if the CPU has it and we're 44 * going to boot the guest into it. 45 */ 46 int asidx; 47 CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu); 48 49 if (arm_feature(&cpu->env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3) && info->secure_boot) { 50 asidx = ARMASIdx_S; 51 } else { 52 asidx = ARMASIdx_NS; 53 } 54 55 return cpu_get_address_space(cs, asidx); 56 } 57 58 typedef enum { 59 FIXUP_NONE = 0, /* do nothing */ 60 FIXUP_TERMINATOR, /* end of insns */ 61 FIXUP_BOARDID, /* overwrite with board ID number */ 62 FIXUP_BOARD_SETUP, /* overwrite with board specific setup code address */ 63 FIXUP_ARGPTR, /* overwrite with pointer to kernel args */ 64 FIXUP_ENTRYPOINT, /* overwrite with kernel entry point */ 65 FIXUP_GIC_CPU_IF, /* overwrite with GIC CPU interface address */ 66 FIXUP_BOOTREG, /* overwrite with boot register address */ 67 FIXUP_DSB, /* overwrite with correct DSB insn for cpu */ 68 FIXUP_MAX, 69 } FixupType; 70 71 typedef struct ARMInsnFixup { 72 uint32_t insn; 73 FixupType fixup; 74 } ARMInsnFixup; 75 76 static const ARMInsnFixup bootloader_aarch64[] = { 77 { 0x580000c0 }, /* ldr x0, arg ; Load the lower 32-bits of DTB */ 78 { 0xaa1f03e1 }, /* mov x1, xzr */ 79 { 0xaa1f03e2 }, /* mov x2, xzr */ 80 { 0xaa1f03e3 }, /* mov x3, xzr */ 81 { 0x58000084 }, /* ldr x4, entry ; Load the lower 32-bits of kernel entry */ 82 { 0xd61f0080 }, /* br x4 ; Jump to the kernel entry point */ 83 { 0, FIXUP_ARGPTR }, /* arg: .word @DTB Lower 32-bits */ 84 { 0 }, /* .word @DTB Higher 32-bits */ 85 { 0, FIXUP_ENTRYPOINT }, /* entry: .word @Kernel Entry Lower 32-bits */ 86 { 0 }, /* .word @Kernel Entry Higher 32-bits */ 87 { 0, FIXUP_TERMINATOR } 88 }; 89 90 /* A very small bootloader: call the board-setup code (if needed), 91 * set r0-r2, then jump to the kernel. 92 * If we're not calling boot setup code then we don't copy across 93 * the first BOOTLOADER_NO_BOARD_SETUP_OFFSET insns in this array. 94 */ 95 96 static const ARMInsnFixup bootloader[] = { 97 { 0xe28fe004 }, /* add lr, pc, #4 */ 98 { 0xe51ff004 }, /* ldr pc, [pc, #-4] */ 99 { 0, FIXUP_BOARD_SETUP }, 100 #define BOOTLOADER_NO_BOARD_SETUP_OFFSET 3 101 { 0xe3a00000 }, /* mov r0, #0 */ 102 { 0xe59f1004 }, /* ldr r1, [pc, #4] */ 103 { 0xe59f2004 }, /* ldr r2, [pc, #4] */ 104 { 0xe59ff004 }, /* ldr pc, [pc, #4] */ 105 { 0, FIXUP_BOARDID }, 106 { 0, FIXUP_ARGPTR }, 107 { 0, FIXUP_ENTRYPOINT }, 108 { 0, FIXUP_TERMINATOR } 109 }; 110 111 /* Handling for secondary CPU boot in a multicore system. 112 * Unlike the uniprocessor/primary CPU boot, this is platform 113 * dependent. The default code here is based on the secondary 114 * CPU boot protocol used on realview/vexpress boards, with 115 * some parameterisation to increase its flexibility. 116 * QEMU platform models for which this code is not appropriate 117 * should override write_secondary_boot and secondary_cpu_reset_hook 118 * instead. 119 * 120 * This code enables the interrupt controllers for the secondary 121 * CPUs and then puts all the secondary CPUs into a loop waiting 122 * for an interprocessor interrupt and polling a configurable 123 * location for the kernel secondary CPU entry point. 124 */ 125 #define DSB_INSN 0xf57ff04f 126 #define CP15_DSB_INSN 0xee070f9a /* mcr cp15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 4 */ 127 128 static const ARMInsnFixup smpboot[] = { 129 { 0xe59f2028 }, /* ldr r2, gic_cpu_if */ 130 { 0xe59f0028 }, /* ldr r0, bootreg_addr */ 131 { 0xe3a01001 }, /* mov r1, #1 */ 132 { 0xe5821000 }, /* str r1, [r2] - set GICC_CTLR.Enable */ 133 { 0xe3a010ff }, /* mov r1, #0xff */ 134 { 0xe5821004 }, /* str r1, [r2, 4] - set GIC_PMR.Priority to 0xff */ 135 { 0, FIXUP_DSB }, /* dsb */ 136 { 0xe320f003 }, /* wfi */ 137 { 0xe5901000 }, /* ldr r1, [r0] */ 138 { 0xe1110001 }, /* tst r1, r1 */ 139 { 0x0afffffb }, /* beq <wfi> */ 140 { 0xe12fff11 }, /* bx r1 */ 141 { 0, FIXUP_GIC_CPU_IF }, /* gic_cpu_if: .word 0x.... */ 142 { 0, FIXUP_BOOTREG }, /* bootreg_addr: .word 0x.... */ 143 { 0, FIXUP_TERMINATOR } 144 }; 145 146 static void write_bootloader(const char *name, hwaddr addr, 147 const ARMInsnFixup *insns, uint32_t *fixupcontext, 148 AddressSpace *as) 149 { 150 /* Fix up the specified bootloader fragment and write it into 151 * guest memory using rom_add_blob_fixed(). fixupcontext is 152 * an array giving the values to write in for the fixup types 153 * which write a value into the code array. 154 */ 155 int i, len; 156 uint32_t *code; 157 158 len = 0; 159 while (insns[len].fixup != FIXUP_TERMINATOR) { 160 len++; 161 } 162 163 code = g_new0(uint32_t, len); 164 165 for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { 166 uint32_t insn = insns[i].insn; 167 FixupType fixup = insns[i].fixup; 168 169 switch (fixup) { 170 case FIXUP_NONE: 171 break; 172 case FIXUP_BOARDID: 173 case FIXUP_BOARD_SETUP: 174 case FIXUP_ARGPTR: 175 case FIXUP_ENTRYPOINT: 176 case FIXUP_GIC_CPU_IF: 177 case FIXUP_BOOTREG: 178 case FIXUP_DSB: 179 insn = fixupcontext[fixup]; 180 break; 181 default: 182 abort(); 183 } 184 code[i] = tswap32(insn); 185 } 186 187 rom_add_blob_fixed_as(name, code, len * sizeof(uint32_t), addr, as); 188 189 g_free(code); 190 } 191 192 static void default_write_secondary(ARMCPU *cpu, 193 const struct arm_boot_info *info) 194 { 195 uint32_t fixupcontext[FIXUP_MAX]; 196 AddressSpace *as = arm_boot_address_space(cpu, info); 197 198 fixupcontext[FIXUP_GIC_CPU_IF] = info->gic_cpu_if_addr; 199 fixupcontext[FIXUP_BOOTREG] = info->smp_bootreg_addr; 200 if (arm_feature(&cpu->env, ARM_FEATURE_V7)) { 201 fixupcontext[FIXUP_DSB] = DSB_INSN; 202 } else { 203 fixupcontext[FIXUP_DSB] = CP15_DSB_INSN; 204 } 205 206 write_bootloader("smpboot", info->smp_loader_start, 207 smpboot, fixupcontext, as); 208 } 209 210 void arm_write_secure_board_setup_dummy_smc(ARMCPU *cpu, 211 const struct arm_boot_info *info, 212 hwaddr mvbar_addr) 213 { 214 AddressSpace *as = arm_boot_address_space(cpu, info); 215 int n; 216 uint32_t mvbar_blob[] = { 217 /* mvbar_addr: secure monitor vectors 218 * Default unimplemented and unused vectors to spin. Makes it 219 * easier to debug (as opposed to the CPU running away). 220 */ 221 0xeafffffe, /* (spin) */ 222 0xeafffffe, /* (spin) */ 223 0xe1b0f00e, /* movs pc, lr ;SMC exception return */ 224 0xeafffffe, /* (spin) */ 225 0xeafffffe, /* (spin) */ 226 0xeafffffe, /* (spin) */ 227 0xeafffffe, /* (spin) */ 228 0xeafffffe, /* (spin) */ 229 }; 230 uint32_t board_setup_blob[] = { 231 /* board setup addr */ 232 0xe3a00e00 + (mvbar_addr >> 4), /* mov r0, #mvbar_addr */ 233 0xee0c0f30, /* mcr p15, 0, r0, c12, c0, 1 ;set MVBAR */ 234 0xee110f11, /* mrc p15, 0, r0, c1 , c1, 0 ;read SCR */ 235 0xe3800031, /* orr r0, #0x31 ;enable AW, FW, NS */ 236 0xee010f11, /* mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c1, 0 ;write SCR */ 237 0xe1a0100e, /* mov r1, lr ;save LR across SMC */ 238 0xe1600070, /* smc #0 ;call monitor to flush SCR */ 239 0xe1a0f001, /* mov pc, r1 ;return */ 240 }; 241 242 /* check that mvbar_addr is correctly aligned and relocatable (using MOV) */ 243 assert((mvbar_addr & 0x1f) == 0 && (mvbar_addr >> 4) < 0x100); 244 245 /* check that these blobs don't overlap */ 246 assert((mvbar_addr + sizeof(mvbar_blob) <= info->board_setup_addr) 247 || (info->board_setup_addr + sizeof(board_setup_blob) <= mvbar_addr)); 248 249 for (n = 0; n < ARRAY_SIZE(mvbar_blob); n++) { 250 mvbar_blob[n] = tswap32(mvbar_blob[n]); 251 } 252 rom_add_blob_fixed_as("board-setup-mvbar", mvbar_blob, sizeof(mvbar_blob), 253 mvbar_addr, as); 254 255 for (n = 0; n < ARRAY_SIZE(board_setup_blob); n++) { 256 board_setup_blob[n] = tswap32(board_setup_blob[n]); 257 } 258 rom_add_blob_fixed_as("board-setup", board_setup_blob, 259 sizeof(board_setup_blob), info->board_setup_addr, as); 260 } 261 262 static void default_reset_secondary(ARMCPU *cpu, 263 const struct arm_boot_info *info) 264 { 265 AddressSpace *as = arm_boot_address_space(cpu, info); 266 CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu); 267 268 address_space_stl_notdirty(as, info->smp_bootreg_addr, 269 0, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, NULL); 270 cpu_set_pc(cs, info->smp_loader_start); 271 } 272 273 static inline bool have_dtb(const struct arm_boot_info *info) 274 { 275 return info->dtb_filename || info->get_dtb; 276 } 277 278 #define WRITE_WORD(p, value) do { \ 279 address_space_stl_notdirty(as, p, value, \ 280 MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, NULL); \ 281 p += 4; \ 282 } while (0) 283 284 static void set_kernel_args(const struct arm_boot_info *info, AddressSpace *as) 285 { 286 int initrd_size = info->initrd_size; 287 hwaddr base = info->loader_start; 288 hwaddr p; 289 290 p = base + KERNEL_ARGS_ADDR; 291 /* ATAG_CORE */ 292 WRITE_WORD(p, 5); 293 WRITE_WORD(p, 0x54410001); 294 WRITE_WORD(p, 1); 295 WRITE_WORD(p, 0x1000); 296 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 297 /* ATAG_MEM */ 298 /* TODO: handle multiple chips on one ATAG list */ 299 WRITE_WORD(p, 4); 300 WRITE_WORD(p, 0x54410002); 301 WRITE_WORD(p, info->ram_size); 302 WRITE_WORD(p, info->loader_start); 303 if (initrd_size) { 304 /* ATAG_INITRD2 */ 305 WRITE_WORD(p, 4); 306 WRITE_WORD(p, 0x54420005); 307 WRITE_WORD(p, info->initrd_start); 308 WRITE_WORD(p, initrd_size); 309 } 310 if (info->kernel_cmdline && *info->kernel_cmdline) { 311 /* ATAG_CMDLINE */ 312 int cmdline_size; 313 314 cmdline_size = strlen(info->kernel_cmdline); 315 address_space_write(as, p + 8, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, 316 (const uint8_t *)info->kernel_cmdline, 317 cmdline_size + 1); 318 cmdline_size = (cmdline_size >> 2) + 1; 319 WRITE_WORD(p, cmdline_size + 2); 320 WRITE_WORD(p, 0x54410009); 321 p += cmdline_size * 4; 322 } 323 if (info->atag_board) { 324 /* ATAG_BOARD */ 325 int atag_board_len; 326 uint8_t atag_board_buf[0x1000]; 327 328 atag_board_len = (info->atag_board(info, atag_board_buf) + 3) & ~3; 329 WRITE_WORD(p, (atag_board_len + 8) >> 2); 330 WRITE_WORD(p, 0x414f4d50); 331 address_space_write(as, p, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, 332 atag_board_buf, atag_board_len); 333 p += atag_board_len; 334 } 335 /* ATAG_END */ 336 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 337 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 338 } 339 340 static void set_kernel_args_old(const struct arm_boot_info *info, 341 AddressSpace *as) 342 { 343 hwaddr p; 344 const char *s; 345 int initrd_size = info->initrd_size; 346 hwaddr base = info->loader_start; 347 348 /* see linux/include/asm-arm/setup.h */ 349 p = base + KERNEL_ARGS_ADDR; 350 /* page_size */ 351 WRITE_WORD(p, 4096); 352 /* nr_pages */ 353 WRITE_WORD(p, info->ram_size / 4096); 354 /* ramdisk_size */ 355 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 356 #define FLAG_READONLY 1 357 #define FLAG_RDLOAD 4 358 #define FLAG_RDPROMPT 8 359 /* flags */ 360 WRITE_WORD(p, FLAG_READONLY | FLAG_RDLOAD | FLAG_RDPROMPT); 361 /* rootdev */ 362 WRITE_WORD(p, (31 << 8) | 0); /* /dev/mtdblock0 */ 363 /* video_num_cols */ 364 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 365 /* video_num_rows */ 366 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 367 /* video_x */ 368 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 369 /* video_y */ 370 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 371 /* memc_control_reg */ 372 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 373 /* unsigned char sounddefault */ 374 /* unsigned char adfsdrives */ 375 /* unsigned char bytes_per_char_h */ 376 /* unsigned char bytes_per_char_v */ 377 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 378 /* pages_in_bank[4] */ 379 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 380 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 381 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 382 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 383 /* pages_in_vram */ 384 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 385 /* initrd_start */ 386 if (initrd_size) { 387 WRITE_WORD(p, info->initrd_start); 388 } else { 389 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 390 } 391 /* initrd_size */ 392 WRITE_WORD(p, initrd_size); 393 /* rd_start */ 394 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 395 /* system_rev */ 396 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 397 /* system_serial_low */ 398 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 399 /* system_serial_high */ 400 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 401 /* mem_fclk_21285 */ 402 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 403 /* zero unused fields */ 404 while (p < base + KERNEL_ARGS_ADDR + 256 + 1024) { 405 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 406 } 407 s = info->kernel_cmdline; 408 if (s) { 409 address_space_write(as, p, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, 410 (const uint8_t *)s, strlen(s) + 1); 411 } else { 412 WRITE_WORD(p, 0); 413 } 414 } 415 416 static void fdt_add_psci_node(void *fdt) 417 { 418 uint32_t cpu_suspend_fn; 419 uint32_t cpu_off_fn; 420 uint32_t cpu_on_fn; 421 uint32_t migrate_fn; 422 ARMCPU *armcpu = ARM_CPU(qemu_get_cpu(0)); 423 const char *psci_method; 424 int64_t psci_conduit; 425 int rc; 426 427 psci_conduit = object_property_get_int(OBJECT(armcpu), 428 "psci-conduit", 429 &error_abort); 430 switch (psci_conduit) { 431 case QEMU_PSCI_CONDUIT_DISABLED: 432 return; 433 case QEMU_PSCI_CONDUIT_HVC: 434 psci_method = "hvc"; 435 break; 436 case QEMU_PSCI_CONDUIT_SMC: 437 psci_method = "smc"; 438 break; 439 default: 440 g_assert_not_reached(); 441 } 442 443 /* 444 * If /psci node is present in provided DTB, assume that no fixup 445 * is necessary and all PSCI configuration should be taken as-is 446 */ 447 rc = fdt_path_offset(fdt, "/psci"); 448 if (rc >= 0) { 449 return; 450 } 451 452 qemu_fdt_add_subnode(fdt, "/psci"); 453 if (armcpu->psci_version == 2) { 454 const char comp[] = "arm,psci-0.2\0arm,psci"; 455 qemu_fdt_setprop(fdt, "/psci", "compatible", comp, sizeof(comp)); 456 457 cpu_off_fn = QEMU_PSCI_0_2_FN_CPU_OFF; 458 if (arm_feature(&armcpu->env, ARM_FEATURE_AARCH64)) { 459 cpu_suspend_fn = QEMU_PSCI_0_2_FN64_CPU_SUSPEND; 460 cpu_on_fn = QEMU_PSCI_0_2_FN64_CPU_ON; 461 migrate_fn = QEMU_PSCI_0_2_FN64_MIGRATE; 462 } else { 463 cpu_suspend_fn = QEMU_PSCI_0_2_FN_CPU_SUSPEND; 464 cpu_on_fn = QEMU_PSCI_0_2_FN_CPU_ON; 465 migrate_fn = QEMU_PSCI_0_2_FN_MIGRATE; 466 } 467 } else { 468 qemu_fdt_setprop_string(fdt, "/psci", "compatible", "arm,psci"); 469 470 cpu_suspend_fn = QEMU_PSCI_0_1_FN_CPU_SUSPEND; 471 cpu_off_fn = QEMU_PSCI_0_1_FN_CPU_OFF; 472 cpu_on_fn = QEMU_PSCI_0_1_FN_CPU_ON; 473 migrate_fn = QEMU_PSCI_0_1_FN_MIGRATE; 474 } 475 476 /* We adopt the PSCI spec's nomenclature, and use 'conduit' to refer 477 * to the instruction that should be used to invoke PSCI functions. 478 * However, the device tree binding uses 'method' instead, so that is 479 * what we should use here. 480 */ 481 qemu_fdt_setprop_string(fdt, "/psci", "method", psci_method); 482 483 qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/psci", "cpu_suspend", cpu_suspend_fn); 484 qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/psci", "cpu_off", cpu_off_fn); 485 qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/psci", "cpu_on", cpu_on_fn); 486 qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/psci", "migrate", migrate_fn); 487 } 488 489 /** 490 * load_dtb() - load a device tree binary image into memory 491 * @addr: the address to load the image at 492 * @binfo: struct describing the boot environment 493 * @addr_limit: upper limit of the available memory area at @addr 494 * @as: address space to load image to 495 * 496 * Load a device tree supplied by the machine or by the user with the 497 * '-dtb' command line option, and put it at offset @addr in target 498 * memory. 499 * 500 * If @addr_limit contains a meaningful value (i.e., it is strictly greater 501 * than @addr), the device tree is only loaded if its size does not exceed 502 * the limit. 503 * 504 * Returns: the size of the device tree image on success, 505 * 0 if the image size exceeds the limit, 506 * -1 on errors. 507 * 508 * Note: Must not be called unless have_dtb(binfo) is true. 509 */ 510 static int load_dtb(hwaddr addr, const struct arm_boot_info *binfo, 511 hwaddr addr_limit, AddressSpace *as) 512 { 513 void *fdt = NULL; 514 int size, rc; 515 uint32_t acells, scells; 516 char *nodename; 517 unsigned int i; 518 hwaddr mem_base, mem_len; 519 520 if (binfo->dtb_filename) { 521 char *filename; 522 filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, binfo->dtb_filename); 523 if (!filename) { 524 fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open dtb file %s\n", binfo->dtb_filename); 525 goto fail; 526 } 527 528 fdt = load_device_tree(filename, &size); 529 if (!fdt) { 530 fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open dtb file %s\n", filename); 531 g_free(filename); 532 goto fail; 533 } 534 g_free(filename); 535 } else { 536 fdt = binfo->get_dtb(binfo, &size); 537 if (!fdt) { 538 fprintf(stderr, "Board was unable to create a dtb blob\n"); 539 goto fail; 540 } 541 } 542 543 if (addr_limit > addr && size > (addr_limit - addr)) { 544 /* Installing the device tree blob at addr would exceed addr_limit. 545 * Whether this constitutes failure is up to the caller to decide, 546 * so just return 0 as size, i.e., no error. 547 */ 548 g_free(fdt); 549 return 0; 550 } 551 552 acells = qemu_fdt_getprop_cell(fdt, "/", "#address-cells", 553 NULL, &error_fatal); 554 scells = qemu_fdt_getprop_cell(fdt, "/", "#size-cells", 555 NULL, &error_fatal); 556 if (acells == 0 || scells == 0) { 557 fprintf(stderr, "dtb file invalid (#address-cells or #size-cells 0)\n"); 558 goto fail; 559 } 560 561 if (scells < 2 && binfo->ram_size >= (1ULL << 32)) { 562 /* This is user error so deserves a friendlier error message 563 * than the failure of setprop_sized_cells would provide 564 */ 565 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: dtb file not compatible with " 566 "RAM size > 4GB\n"); 567 goto fail; 568 } 569 570 if (nb_numa_nodes > 0) { 571 /* 572 * Turn the /memory node created before into a NOP node, then create 573 * /memory@addr nodes for all numa nodes respectively. 574 */ 575 qemu_fdt_nop_node(fdt, "/memory"); 576 mem_base = binfo->loader_start; 577 for (i = 0; i < nb_numa_nodes; i++) { 578 mem_len = numa_info[i].node_mem; 579 nodename = g_strdup_printf("/memory@%" PRIx64, mem_base); 580 qemu_fdt_add_subnode(fdt, nodename); 581 qemu_fdt_setprop_string(fdt, nodename, "device_type", "memory"); 582 rc = qemu_fdt_setprop_sized_cells(fdt, nodename, "reg", 583 acells, mem_base, 584 scells, mem_len); 585 if (rc < 0) { 586 fprintf(stderr, "couldn't set %s/reg for node %d\n", nodename, 587 i); 588 goto fail; 589 } 590 591 qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, nodename, "numa-node-id", i); 592 mem_base += mem_len; 593 g_free(nodename); 594 } 595 } else { 596 Error *err = NULL; 597 598 rc = fdt_path_offset(fdt, "/memory"); 599 if (rc < 0) { 600 qemu_fdt_add_subnode(fdt, "/memory"); 601 } 602 603 if (!qemu_fdt_getprop(fdt, "/memory", "device_type", NULL, &err)) { 604 qemu_fdt_setprop_string(fdt, "/memory", "device_type", "memory"); 605 } 606 607 rc = qemu_fdt_setprop_sized_cells(fdt, "/memory", "reg", 608 acells, binfo->loader_start, 609 scells, binfo->ram_size); 610 if (rc < 0) { 611 fprintf(stderr, "couldn't set /memory/reg\n"); 612 goto fail; 613 } 614 } 615 616 rc = fdt_path_offset(fdt, "/chosen"); 617 if (rc < 0) { 618 qemu_fdt_add_subnode(fdt, "/chosen"); 619 } 620 621 if (binfo->kernel_cmdline && *binfo->kernel_cmdline) { 622 rc = qemu_fdt_setprop_string(fdt, "/chosen", "bootargs", 623 binfo->kernel_cmdline); 624 if (rc < 0) { 625 fprintf(stderr, "couldn't set /chosen/bootargs\n"); 626 goto fail; 627 } 628 } 629 630 if (binfo->initrd_size) { 631 rc = qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/chosen", "linux,initrd-start", 632 binfo->initrd_start); 633 if (rc < 0) { 634 fprintf(stderr, "couldn't set /chosen/linux,initrd-start\n"); 635 goto fail; 636 } 637 638 rc = qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/chosen", "linux,initrd-end", 639 binfo->initrd_start + binfo->initrd_size); 640 if (rc < 0) { 641 fprintf(stderr, "couldn't set /chosen/linux,initrd-end\n"); 642 goto fail; 643 } 644 } 645 646 fdt_add_psci_node(fdt); 647 648 if (binfo->modify_dtb) { 649 binfo->modify_dtb(binfo, fdt); 650 } 651 652 qemu_fdt_dumpdtb(fdt, size); 653 654 /* Put the DTB into the memory map as a ROM image: this will ensure 655 * the DTB is copied again upon reset, even if addr points into RAM. 656 */ 657 rom_add_blob_fixed_as("dtb", fdt, size, addr, as); 658 659 g_free(fdt); 660 661 return size; 662 663 fail: 664 g_free(fdt); 665 return -1; 666 } 667 668 static void do_cpu_reset(void *opaque) 669 { 670 ARMCPU *cpu = opaque; 671 CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu); 672 CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env; 673 const struct arm_boot_info *info = env->boot_info; 674 675 cpu_reset(cs); 676 if (info) { 677 if (!info->is_linux) { 678 int i; 679 /* Jump to the entry point. */ 680 uint64_t entry = info->entry; 681 682 switch (info->endianness) { 683 case ARM_ENDIANNESS_LE: 684 env->cp15.sctlr_el[1] &= ~SCTLR_E0E; 685 for (i = 1; i < 4; ++i) { 686 env->cp15.sctlr_el[i] &= ~SCTLR_EE; 687 } 688 env->uncached_cpsr &= ~CPSR_E; 689 break; 690 case ARM_ENDIANNESS_BE8: 691 env->cp15.sctlr_el[1] |= SCTLR_E0E; 692 for (i = 1; i < 4; ++i) { 693 env->cp15.sctlr_el[i] |= SCTLR_EE; 694 } 695 env->uncached_cpsr |= CPSR_E; 696 break; 697 case ARM_ENDIANNESS_BE32: 698 env->cp15.sctlr_el[1] |= SCTLR_B; 699 break; 700 case ARM_ENDIANNESS_UNKNOWN: 701 break; /* Board's decision */ 702 default: 703 g_assert_not_reached(); 704 } 705 706 if (!env->aarch64) { 707 env->thumb = info->entry & 1; 708 entry &= 0xfffffffe; 709 } 710 cpu_set_pc(cs, entry); 711 } else { 712 /* If we are booting Linux then we need to check whether we are 713 * booting into secure or non-secure state and adjust the state 714 * accordingly. Out of reset, ARM is defined to be in secure state 715 * (SCR.NS = 0), we change that here if non-secure boot has been 716 * requested. 717 */ 718 if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3)) { 719 /* AArch64 is defined to come out of reset into EL3 if enabled. 720 * If we are booting Linux then we need to adjust our EL as 721 * Linux expects us to be in EL2 or EL1. AArch32 resets into 722 * SVC, which Linux expects, so no privilege/exception level to 723 * adjust. 724 */ 725 if (env->aarch64) { 726 env->cp15.scr_el3 |= SCR_RW; 727 if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2)) { 728 env->cp15.hcr_el2 |= HCR_RW; 729 env->pstate = PSTATE_MODE_EL2h; 730 } else { 731 env->pstate = PSTATE_MODE_EL1h; 732 } 733 /* AArch64 kernels never boot in secure mode */ 734 assert(!info->secure_boot); 735 /* This hook is only supported for AArch32 currently: 736 * bootloader_aarch64[] will not call the hook, and 737 * the code above has already dropped us into EL2 or EL1. 738 */ 739 assert(!info->secure_board_setup); 740 } 741 742 if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2)) { 743 /* If we have EL2 then Linux expects the HVC insn to work */ 744 env->cp15.scr_el3 |= SCR_HCE; 745 } 746 747 /* Set to non-secure if not a secure boot */ 748 if (!info->secure_boot && 749 (cs != first_cpu || !info->secure_board_setup)) { 750 /* Linux expects non-secure state */ 751 env->cp15.scr_el3 |= SCR_NS; 752 } 753 } 754 755 if (cs == first_cpu) { 756 AddressSpace *as = arm_boot_address_space(cpu, info); 757 758 cpu_set_pc(cs, info->loader_start); 759 760 if (!have_dtb(info)) { 761 if (old_param) { 762 set_kernel_args_old(info, as); 763 } else { 764 set_kernel_args(info, as); 765 } 766 } 767 } else { 768 info->secondary_cpu_reset_hook(cpu, info); 769 } 770 } 771 } 772 } 773 774 /** 775 * load_image_to_fw_cfg() - Load an image file into an fw_cfg entry identified 776 * by key. 777 * @fw_cfg: The firmware config instance to store the data in. 778 * @size_key: The firmware config key to store the size of the loaded 779 * data under, with fw_cfg_add_i32(). 780 * @data_key: The firmware config key to store the loaded data under, 781 * with fw_cfg_add_bytes(). 782 * @image_name: The name of the image file to load. If it is NULL, the 783 * function returns without doing anything. 784 * @try_decompress: Whether the image should be decompressed (gunzipped) before 785 * adding it to fw_cfg. If decompression fails, the image is 786 * loaded as-is. 787 * 788 * In case of failure, the function prints an error message to stderr and the 789 * process exits with status 1. 790 */ 791 static void load_image_to_fw_cfg(FWCfgState *fw_cfg, uint16_t size_key, 792 uint16_t data_key, const char *image_name, 793 bool try_decompress) 794 { 795 size_t size = -1; 796 uint8_t *data; 797 798 if (image_name == NULL) { 799 return; 800 } 801 802 if (try_decompress) { 803 size = load_image_gzipped_buffer(image_name, 804 LOAD_IMAGE_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES, &data); 805 } 806 807 if (size == (size_t)-1) { 808 gchar *contents; 809 gsize length; 810 811 if (!g_file_get_contents(image_name, &contents, &length, NULL)) { 812 error_report("failed to load \"%s\"", image_name); 813 exit(1); 814 } 815 size = length; 816 data = (uint8_t *)contents; 817 } 818 819 fw_cfg_add_i32(fw_cfg, size_key, size); 820 fw_cfg_add_bytes(fw_cfg, data_key, data, size); 821 } 822 823 static int do_arm_linux_init(Object *obj, void *opaque) 824 { 825 if (object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_ARM_LINUX_BOOT_IF)) { 826 ARMLinuxBootIf *albif = ARM_LINUX_BOOT_IF(obj); 827 ARMLinuxBootIfClass *albifc = ARM_LINUX_BOOT_IF_GET_CLASS(obj); 828 struct arm_boot_info *info = opaque; 829 830 if (albifc->arm_linux_init) { 831 albifc->arm_linux_init(albif, info->secure_boot); 832 } 833 } 834 return 0; 835 } 836 837 static uint64_t arm_load_elf(struct arm_boot_info *info, uint64_t *pentry, 838 uint64_t *lowaddr, uint64_t *highaddr, 839 int elf_machine, AddressSpace *as) 840 { 841 bool elf_is64; 842 union { 843 Elf32_Ehdr h32; 844 Elf64_Ehdr h64; 845 } elf_header; 846 int data_swab = 0; 847 bool big_endian; 848 uint64_t ret = -1; 849 Error *err = NULL; 850 851 852 load_elf_hdr(info->kernel_filename, &elf_header, &elf_is64, &err); 853 if (err) { 854 error_free(err); 855 return ret; 856 } 857 858 if (elf_is64) { 859 big_endian = elf_header.h64.e_ident[EI_DATA] == ELFDATA2MSB; 860 info->endianness = big_endian ? ARM_ENDIANNESS_BE8 861 : ARM_ENDIANNESS_LE; 862 } else { 863 big_endian = elf_header.h32.e_ident[EI_DATA] == ELFDATA2MSB; 864 if (big_endian) { 865 if (bswap32(elf_header.h32.e_flags) & EF_ARM_BE8) { 866 info->endianness = ARM_ENDIANNESS_BE8; 867 } else { 868 info->endianness = ARM_ENDIANNESS_BE32; 869 /* In BE32, the CPU has a different view of the per-byte 870 * address map than the rest of the system. BE32 ELF files 871 * are organised such that they can be programmed through 872 * the CPU's per-word byte-reversed view of the world. QEMU 873 * however loads ELF files independently of the CPU. So 874 * tell the ELF loader to byte reverse the data for us. 875 */ 876 data_swab = 2; 877 } 878 } else { 879 info->endianness = ARM_ENDIANNESS_LE; 880 } 881 } 882 883 ret = load_elf_as(info->kernel_filename, NULL, NULL, 884 pentry, lowaddr, highaddr, big_endian, elf_machine, 885 1, data_swab, as); 886 if (ret <= 0) { 887 /* The header loaded but the image didn't */ 888 exit(1); 889 } 890 891 return ret; 892 } 893 894 static uint64_t load_aarch64_image(const char *filename, hwaddr mem_base, 895 hwaddr *entry, AddressSpace *as) 896 { 897 hwaddr kernel_load_offset = KERNEL64_LOAD_ADDR; 898 uint8_t *buffer; 899 int size; 900 901 /* On aarch64, it's the bootloader's job to uncompress the kernel. */ 902 size = load_image_gzipped_buffer(filename, LOAD_IMAGE_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES, 903 &buffer); 904 905 if (size < 0) { 906 gsize len; 907 908 /* Load as raw file otherwise */ 909 if (!g_file_get_contents(filename, (char **)&buffer, &len, NULL)) { 910 return -1; 911 } 912 size = len; 913 } 914 915 /* check the arm64 magic header value -- very old kernels may not have it */ 916 if (size > ARM64_MAGIC_OFFSET + 4 && 917 memcmp(buffer + ARM64_MAGIC_OFFSET, "ARM\x64", 4) == 0) { 918 uint64_t hdrvals[2]; 919 920 /* The arm64 Image header has text_offset and image_size fields at 8 and 921 * 16 bytes into the Image header, respectively. The text_offset field 922 * is only valid if the image_size is non-zero. 923 */ 924 memcpy(&hdrvals, buffer + ARM64_TEXT_OFFSET_OFFSET, sizeof(hdrvals)); 925 if (hdrvals[1] != 0) { 926 kernel_load_offset = le64_to_cpu(hdrvals[0]); 927 } 928 } 929 930 *entry = mem_base + kernel_load_offset; 931 rom_add_blob_fixed_as(filename, buffer, size, *entry, as); 932 933 g_free(buffer); 934 935 return size; 936 } 937 938 static void arm_load_kernel_notify(Notifier *notifier, void *data) 939 { 940 CPUState *cs; 941 int kernel_size; 942 int initrd_size; 943 int is_linux = 0; 944 uint64_t elf_entry, elf_low_addr, elf_high_addr; 945 int elf_machine; 946 hwaddr entry; 947 static const ARMInsnFixup *primary_loader; 948 ArmLoadKernelNotifier *n = DO_UPCAST(ArmLoadKernelNotifier, 949 notifier, notifier); 950 ARMCPU *cpu = n->cpu; 951 struct arm_boot_info *info = 952 container_of(n, struct arm_boot_info, load_kernel_notifier); 953 AddressSpace *as = arm_boot_address_space(cpu, info); 954 955 /* The board code is not supposed to set secure_board_setup unless 956 * running its code in secure mode is actually possible, and KVM 957 * doesn't support secure. 958 */ 959 assert(!(info->secure_board_setup && kvm_enabled())); 960 961 info->dtb_filename = qemu_opt_get(qemu_get_machine_opts(), "dtb"); 962 963 /* Load the kernel. */ 964 if (!info->kernel_filename || info->firmware_loaded) { 965 966 if (have_dtb(info)) { 967 /* If we have a device tree blob, but no kernel to supply it to (or 968 * the kernel is supposed to be loaded by the bootloader), copy the 969 * DTB to the base of RAM for the bootloader to pick up. 970 */ 971 if (load_dtb(info->loader_start, info, 0, as) < 0) { 972 exit(1); 973 } 974 } 975 976 if (info->kernel_filename) { 977 FWCfgState *fw_cfg; 978 bool try_decompressing_kernel; 979 980 fw_cfg = fw_cfg_find(); 981 try_decompressing_kernel = arm_feature(&cpu->env, 982 ARM_FEATURE_AARCH64); 983 984 /* Expose the kernel, the command line, and the initrd in fw_cfg. 985 * We don't process them here at all, it's all left to the 986 * firmware. 987 */ 988 load_image_to_fw_cfg(fw_cfg, 989 FW_CFG_KERNEL_SIZE, FW_CFG_KERNEL_DATA, 990 info->kernel_filename, 991 try_decompressing_kernel); 992 load_image_to_fw_cfg(fw_cfg, 993 FW_CFG_INITRD_SIZE, FW_CFG_INITRD_DATA, 994 info->initrd_filename, false); 995 996 if (info->kernel_cmdline) { 997 fw_cfg_add_i32(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_CMDLINE_SIZE, 998 strlen(info->kernel_cmdline) + 1); 999 fw_cfg_add_string(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_CMDLINE_DATA, 1000 info->kernel_cmdline); 1001 } 1002 } 1003 1004 /* We will start from address 0 (typically a boot ROM image) in the 1005 * same way as hardware. 1006 */ 1007 return; 1008 } 1009 1010 if (arm_feature(&cpu->env, ARM_FEATURE_AARCH64)) { 1011 primary_loader = bootloader_aarch64; 1012 elf_machine = EM_AARCH64; 1013 } else { 1014 primary_loader = bootloader; 1015 if (!info->write_board_setup) { 1016 primary_loader += BOOTLOADER_NO_BOARD_SETUP_OFFSET; 1017 } 1018 elf_machine = EM_ARM; 1019 } 1020 1021 if (!info->secondary_cpu_reset_hook) { 1022 info->secondary_cpu_reset_hook = default_reset_secondary; 1023 } 1024 if (!info->write_secondary_boot) { 1025 info->write_secondary_boot = default_write_secondary; 1026 } 1027 1028 if (info->nb_cpus == 0) 1029 info->nb_cpus = 1; 1030 1031 /* We want to put the initrd far enough into RAM that when the 1032 * kernel is uncompressed it will not clobber the initrd. However 1033 * on boards without much RAM we must ensure that we still leave 1034 * enough room for a decent sized initrd, and on boards with large 1035 * amounts of RAM we must avoid the initrd being so far up in RAM 1036 * that it is outside lowmem and inaccessible to the kernel. 1037 * So for boards with less than 256MB of RAM we put the initrd 1038 * halfway into RAM, and for boards with 256MB of RAM or more we put 1039 * the initrd at 128MB. 1040 */ 1041 info->initrd_start = info->loader_start + 1042 MIN(info->ram_size / 2, 128 * 1024 * 1024); 1043 1044 /* Assume that raw images are linux kernels, and ELF images are not. */ 1045 kernel_size = arm_load_elf(info, &elf_entry, &elf_low_addr, 1046 &elf_high_addr, elf_machine, as); 1047 if (kernel_size > 0 && have_dtb(info)) { 1048 /* If there is still some room left at the base of RAM, try and put 1049 * the DTB there like we do for images loaded with -bios or -pflash. 1050 */ 1051 if (elf_low_addr > info->loader_start 1052 || elf_high_addr < info->loader_start) { 1053 /* Pass elf_low_addr as address limit to load_dtb if it may be 1054 * pointing into RAM, otherwise pass '0' (no limit) 1055 */ 1056 if (elf_low_addr < info->loader_start) { 1057 elf_low_addr = 0; 1058 } 1059 if (load_dtb(info->loader_start, info, elf_low_addr, as) < 0) { 1060 exit(1); 1061 } 1062 } 1063 } 1064 entry = elf_entry; 1065 if (kernel_size < 0) { 1066 kernel_size = load_uimage_as(info->kernel_filename, &entry, NULL, 1067 &is_linux, NULL, NULL, as); 1068 } 1069 if (arm_feature(&cpu->env, ARM_FEATURE_AARCH64) && kernel_size < 0) { 1070 kernel_size = load_aarch64_image(info->kernel_filename, 1071 info->loader_start, &entry, as); 1072 is_linux = 1; 1073 } else if (kernel_size < 0) { 1074 /* 32-bit ARM */ 1075 entry = info->loader_start + KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR; 1076 kernel_size = load_image_targphys_as(info->kernel_filename, entry, 1077 info->ram_size - KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR, 1078 as); 1079 is_linux = 1; 1080 } 1081 if (kernel_size < 0) { 1082 error_report("could not load kernel '%s'", info->kernel_filename); 1083 exit(1); 1084 } 1085 info->entry = entry; 1086 if (is_linux) { 1087 uint32_t fixupcontext[FIXUP_MAX]; 1088 1089 if (info->initrd_filename) { 1090 initrd_size = load_ramdisk_as(info->initrd_filename, 1091 info->initrd_start, 1092 info->ram_size - info->initrd_start, 1093 as); 1094 if (initrd_size < 0) { 1095 initrd_size = load_image_targphys_as(info->initrd_filename, 1096 info->initrd_start, 1097 info->ram_size - 1098 info->initrd_start, 1099 as); 1100 } 1101 if (initrd_size < 0) { 1102 error_report("could not load initrd '%s'", 1103 info->initrd_filename); 1104 exit(1); 1105 } 1106 } else { 1107 initrd_size = 0; 1108 } 1109 info->initrd_size = initrd_size; 1110 1111 fixupcontext[FIXUP_BOARDID] = info->board_id; 1112 fixupcontext[FIXUP_BOARD_SETUP] = info->board_setup_addr; 1113 1114 /* for device tree boot, we pass the DTB directly in r2. Otherwise 1115 * we point to the kernel args. 1116 */ 1117 if (have_dtb(info)) { 1118 hwaddr align; 1119 hwaddr dtb_start; 1120 1121 if (elf_machine == EM_AARCH64) { 1122 /* 1123 * Some AArch64 kernels on early bootup map the fdt region as 1124 * 1125 * [ ALIGN_DOWN(fdt, 2MB) ... ALIGN_DOWN(fdt, 2MB) + 2MB ] 1126 * 1127 * Let's play safe and prealign it to 2MB to give us some space. 1128 */ 1129 align = 2 * 1024 * 1024; 1130 } else { 1131 /* 1132 * Some 32bit kernels will trash anything in the 4K page the 1133 * initrd ends in, so make sure the DTB isn't caught up in that. 1134 */ 1135 align = 4096; 1136 } 1137 1138 /* Place the DTB after the initrd in memory with alignment. */ 1139 dtb_start = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(info->initrd_start + initrd_size, align); 1140 if (load_dtb(dtb_start, info, 0, as) < 0) { 1141 exit(1); 1142 } 1143 fixupcontext[FIXUP_ARGPTR] = dtb_start; 1144 } else { 1145 fixupcontext[FIXUP_ARGPTR] = info->loader_start + KERNEL_ARGS_ADDR; 1146 if (info->ram_size >= (1ULL << 32)) { 1147 error_report("RAM size must be less than 4GB to boot" 1148 " Linux kernel using ATAGS (try passing a device tree" 1149 " using -dtb)"); 1150 exit(1); 1151 } 1152 } 1153 fixupcontext[FIXUP_ENTRYPOINT] = entry; 1154 1155 write_bootloader("bootloader", info->loader_start, 1156 primary_loader, fixupcontext, as); 1157 1158 if (info->nb_cpus > 1) { 1159 info->write_secondary_boot(cpu, info); 1160 } 1161 if (info->write_board_setup) { 1162 info->write_board_setup(cpu, info); 1163 } 1164 1165 /* Notify devices which need to fake up firmware initialization 1166 * that we're doing a direct kernel boot. 1167 */ 1168 object_child_foreach_recursive(object_get_root(), 1169 do_arm_linux_init, info); 1170 } 1171 info->is_linux = is_linux; 1172 1173 for (cs = CPU(cpu); cs; cs = CPU_NEXT(cs)) { 1174 ARM_CPU(cs)->env.boot_info = info; 1175 } 1176 } 1177 1178 void arm_load_kernel(ARMCPU *cpu, struct arm_boot_info *info) 1179 { 1180 CPUState *cs; 1181 1182 info->load_kernel_notifier.cpu = cpu; 1183 info->load_kernel_notifier.notifier.notify = arm_load_kernel_notify; 1184 qemu_add_machine_init_done_notifier(&info->load_kernel_notifier.notifier); 1185 1186 /* CPU objects (unlike devices) are not automatically reset on system 1187 * reset, so we must always register a handler to do so. If we're 1188 * actually loading a kernel, the handler is also responsible for 1189 * arranging that we start it correctly. 1190 */ 1191 for (cs = first_cpu; cs; cs = CPU_NEXT(cs)) { 1192 qemu_register_reset(do_cpu_reset, ARM_CPU(cs)); 1193 } 1194 } 1195 1196 static const TypeInfo arm_linux_boot_if_info = { 1197 .name = TYPE_ARM_LINUX_BOOT_IF, 1198 .parent = TYPE_INTERFACE, 1199 .class_size = sizeof(ARMLinuxBootIfClass), 1200 }; 1201 1202 static void arm_linux_boot_register_types(void) 1203 { 1204 type_register_static(&arm_linux_boot_if_info); 1205 } 1206 1207 type_init(arm_linux_boot_register_types) 1208