xref: /openbmc/qemu/docs/sphinx/qapidoc.py (revision b6235a75)
1# coding=utf-8
2#
3# QEMU qapidoc QAPI file parsing extension
4#
5# Copyright (c) 2020 Linaro
6#
7# This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPLv2 or later.
8# See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
9
10"""
11qapidoc is a Sphinx extension that implements the qapi-doc directive
12
13The purpose of this extension is to read the documentation comments
14in QAPI schema files, and insert them all into the current document.
15
16It implements one new rST directive, "qapi-doc::".
17Each qapi-doc:: directive takes one argument, which is the
18pathname of the schema file to process, relative to the source tree.
19
20The docs/conf.py file must set the qapidoc_srctree config value to
21the root of the QEMU source tree.
22
23The Sphinx documentation on writing extensions is at:
24https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/development/index.html
25"""
26
27import os
28import re
29
30from docutils import nodes
31from docutils.statemachine import ViewList
32from docutils.parsers.rst import directives, Directive
33from sphinx.errors import ExtensionError
34from sphinx.util.nodes import nested_parse_with_titles
35import sphinx
36from qapi.gen import QAPISchemaVisitor
37from qapi.error import QAPIError, QAPISemError
38from qapi.schema import QAPISchema
39
40
41# Sphinx up to 1.6 uses AutodocReporter; 1.7 and later
42# use switch_source_input. Check borrowed from kerneldoc.py.
43Use_SSI = sphinx.__version__[:3] >= '1.7'
44if Use_SSI:
45    from sphinx.util.docutils import switch_source_input
46else:
47    from sphinx.ext.autodoc import AutodocReporter
48
49
50__version__ = '1.0'
51
52
53# Function borrowed from pydash, which is under the MIT license
54def intersperse(iterable, separator):
55    """Yield the members of *iterable* interspersed with *separator*."""
56    iterable = iter(iterable)
57    yield next(iterable)
58    for item in iterable:
59        yield separator
60        yield item
61
62
63class QAPISchemaGenRSTVisitor(QAPISchemaVisitor):
64    """A QAPI schema visitor which generates docutils/Sphinx nodes
65
66    This class builds up a tree of docutils/Sphinx nodes corresponding
67    to documentation for the various QAPI objects. To use it, first
68    create a QAPISchemaGenRSTVisitor object, and call its
69    visit_begin() method.  Then you can call one of the two methods
70    'freeform' (to add documentation for a freeform documentation
71    chunk) or 'symbol' (to add documentation for a QAPI symbol). These
72    will cause the visitor to build up the tree of document
73    nodes. Once you've added all the documentation via 'freeform' and
74    'symbol' method calls, you can call 'get_document_nodes' to get
75    the final list of document nodes (in a form suitable for returning
76    from a Sphinx directive's 'run' method).
77    """
78    def __init__(self, sphinx_directive):
79        self._cur_doc = None
80        self._sphinx_directive = sphinx_directive
81        self._top_node = nodes.section()
82        self._active_headings = [self._top_node]
83
84    def _make_dlitem(self, term, defn):
85        """Return a dlitem node with the specified term and definition.
86
87        term should be a list of Text and literal nodes.
88        defn should be one of:
89        - a string, which will be handed to _parse_text_into_node
90        - a list of Text and literal nodes, which will be put into
91          a paragraph node
92        """
93        dlitem = nodes.definition_list_item()
94        dlterm = nodes.term('', '', *term)
95        dlitem += dlterm
96        if defn:
97            dldef = nodes.definition()
98            if isinstance(defn, list):
99                dldef += nodes.paragraph('', '', *defn)
100            else:
101                self._parse_text_into_node(defn, dldef)
102            dlitem += dldef
103        return dlitem
104
105    def _make_section(self, title):
106        """Return a section node with optional title"""
107        section = nodes.section(ids=[self._sphinx_directive.new_serialno()])
108        if title:
109            section += nodes.title(title, title)
110        return section
111
112    def _nodes_for_ifcond(self, ifcond, with_if=True):
113        """Return list of Text, literal nodes for the ifcond
114
115        Return a list which gives text like ' (If: condition)'.
116        If with_if is False, we don't return the "(If: " and ")".
117        """
118
119        doc = ifcond.docgen()
120        if not doc:
121            return []
122        doc = nodes.literal('', doc)
123        if not with_if:
124            return [doc]
125
126        nodelist = [nodes.Text(' ('), nodes.strong('', 'If: ')]
127        nodelist.append(doc)
128        nodelist.append(nodes.Text(')'))
129        return nodelist
130
131    def _nodes_for_one_member(self, member):
132        """Return list of Text, literal nodes for this member
133
134        Return a list of doctree nodes which give text like
135        'name: type (optional) (If: ...)' suitable for use as the
136        'term' part of a definition list item.
137        """
138        term = [nodes.literal('', member.name)]
139        if member.type.doc_type():
140            term.append(nodes.Text(': '))
141            term.append(nodes.literal('', member.type.doc_type()))
142        if member.optional:
143            term.append(nodes.Text(' (optional)'))
144        if member.ifcond.is_present():
145            term.extend(self._nodes_for_ifcond(member.ifcond))
146        return term
147
148    def _nodes_for_variant_when(self, variants, variant):
149        """Return list of Text, literal nodes for variant 'when' clause
150
151        Return a list of doctree nodes which give text like
152        'when tagname is variant (If: ...)' suitable for use in
153        the 'variants' part of a definition list.
154        """
155        term = [nodes.Text(' when '),
156                nodes.literal('', variants.tag_member.name),
157                nodes.Text(' is '),
158                nodes.literal('', '"%s"' % variant.name)]
159        if variant.ifcond.is_present():
160            term.extend(self._nodes_for_ifcond(variant.ifcond))
161        return term
162
163    def _nodes_for_members(self, doc, what, base=None, variants=None):
164        """Return list of doctree nodes for the table of members"""
165        dlnode = nodes.definition_list()
166        for section in doc.args.values():
167            term = self._nodes_for_one_member(section.member)
168            # TODO drop fallbacks when undocumented members are outlawed
169            if section.text:
170                defn = section.text
171            elif (variants and variants.tag_member == section.member
172                  and not section.member.type.doc_type()):
173                values = section.member.type.member_names()
174                defn = [nodes.Text('One of ')]
175                defn.extend(intersperse([nodes.literal('', v) for v in values],
176                                        nodes.Text(', ')))
177            else:
178                defn = [nodes.Text('Not documented')]
179
180            dlnode += self._make_dlitem(term, defn)
181
182        if base:
183            dlnode += self._make_dlitem([nodes.Text('The members of '),
184                                         nodes.literal('', base.doc_type())],
185                                        None)
186
187        if variants:
188            for v in variants.variants:
189                if v.type.is_implicit():
190                    assert not v.type.base and not v.type.variants
191                    for m in v.type.local_members:
192                        term = self._nodes_for_one_member(m)
193                        term.extend(self._nodes_for_variant_when(variants, v))
194                        dlnode += self._make_dlitem(term, None)
195                else:
196                    term = [nodes.Text('The members of '),
197                            nodes.literal('', v.type.doc_type())]
198                    term.extend(self._nodes_for_variant_when(variants, v))
199                    dlnode += self._make_dlitem(term, None)
200
201        if not dlnode.children:
202            return []
203
204        section = self._make_section(what)
205        section += dlnode
206        return [section]
207
208    def _nodes_for_enum_values(self, doc):
209        """Return list of doctree nodes for the table of enum values"""
210        seen_item = False
211        dlnode = nodes.definition_list()
212        for section in doc.args.values():
213            termtext = [nodes.literal('', section.member.name)]
214            if section.member.ifcond.is_present():
215                termtext.extend(self._nodes_for_ifcond(section.member.ifcond))
216            # TODO drop fallbacks when undocumented members are outlawed
217            if section.text:
218                defn = section.text
219            else:
220                defn = [nodes.Text('Not documented')]
221
222            dlnode += self._make_dlitem(termtext, defn)
223            seen_item = True
224
225        if not seen_item:
226            return []
227
228        section = self._make_section('Values')
229        section += dlnode
230        return [section]
231
232    def _nodes_for_arguments(self, doc, boxed_arg_type):
233        """Return list of doctree nodes for the arguments section"""
234        if boxed_arg_type:
235            assert not doc.args
236            section = self._make_section('Arguments')
237            dlnode = nodes.definition_list()
238            dlnode += self._make_dlitem(
239                [nodes.Text('The members of '),
240                 nodes.literal('', boxed_arg_type.name)],
241                None)
242            section += dlnode
243            return [section]
244
245        return self._nodes_for_members(doc, 'Arguments')
246
247    def _nodes_for_features(self, doc):
248        """Return list of doctree nodes for the table of features"""
249        seen_item = False
250        dlnode = nodes.definition_list()
251        for section in doc.features.values():
252            dlnode += self._make_dlitem([nodes.literal('', section.name)],
253                                        section.text)
254            seen_item = True
255
256        if not seen_item:
257            return []
258
259        section = self._make_section('Features')
260        section += dlnode
261        return [section]
262
263    def _nodes_for_example(self, exampletext):
264        """Return list of doctree nodes for a code example snippet"""
265        return [nodes.literal_block(exampletext, exampletext)]
266
267    def _nodes_for_sections(self, doc):
268        """Return list of doctree nodes for additional sections"""
269        nodelist = []
270        for section in doc.sections:
271            if section.name and section.name == 'TODO':
272                # Hide TODO: sections
273                continue
274            snode = self._make_section(section.name)
275            if section.name and section.name.startswith('Example'):
276                snode += self._nodes_for_example(section.text)
277            else:
278                self._parse_text_into_node(section.text, snode)
279            nodelist.append(snode)
280        return nodelist
281
282    def _nodes_for_if_section(self, ifcond):
283        """Return list of doctree nodes for the "If" section"""
284        nodelist = []
285        if ifcond.is_present():
286            snode = self._make_section('If')
287            snode += nodes.paragraph(
288                '', '', *self._nodes_for_ifcond(ifcond, with_if=False)
289            )
290            nodelist.append(snode)
291        return nodelist
292
293    def _add_doc(self, typ, sections):
294        """Add documentation for a command/object/enum...
295
296        We assume we're documenting the thing defined in self._cur_doc.
297        typ is the type of thing being added ("Command", "Object", etc)
298
299        sections is a list of nodes for sections to add to the definition.
300        """
301
302        doc = self._cur_doc
303        snode = nodes.section(ids=[self._sphinx_directive.new_serialno()])
304        snode += nodes.title('', '', *[nodes.literal(doc.symbol, doc.symbol),
305                                       nodes.Text(' (' + typ + ')')])
306        self._parse_text_into_node(doc.body.text, snode)
307        for s in sections:
308            if s is not None:
309                snode += s
310        self._add_node_to_current_heading(snode)
311
312    def visit_enum_type(self, name, info, ifcond, features, members, prefix):
313        doc = self._cur_doc
314        self._add_doc('Enum',
315                      self._nodes_for_enum_values(doc)
316                      + self._nodes_for_features(doc)
317                      + self._nodes_for_sections(doc)
318                      + self._nodes_for_if_section(ifcond))
319
320    def visit_object_type(self, name, info, ifcond, features,
321                          base, members, variants):
322        doc = self._cur_doc
323        if base and base.is_implicit():
324            base = None
325        self._add_doc('Object',
326                      self._nodes_for_members(doc, 'Members', base, variants)
327                      + self._nodes_for_features(doc)
328                      + self._nodes_for_sections(doc)
329                      + self._nodes_for_if_section(ifcond))
330
331    def visit_alternate_type(self, name, info, ifcond, features, variants):
332        doc = self._cur_doc
333        self._add_doc('Alternate',
334                      self._nodes_for_members(doc, 'Members')
335                      + self._nodes_for_features(doc)
336                      + self._nodes_for_sections(doc)
337                      + self._nodes_for_if_section(ifcond))
338
339    def visit_command(self, name, info, ifcond, features, arg_type,
340                      ret_type, gen, success_response, boxed, allow_oob,
341                      allow_preconfig, coroutine):
342        doc = self._cur_doc
343        self._add_doc('Command',
344                      self._nodes_for_arguments(doc,
345                                                arg_type if boxed else None)
346                      + self._nodes_for_features(doc)
347                      + self._nodes_for_sections(doc)
348                      + self._nodes_for_if_section(ifcond))
349
350    def visit_event(self, name, info, ifcond, features, arg_type, boxed):
351        doc = self._cur_doc
352        self._add_doc('Event',
353                      self._nodes_for_arguments(doc,
354                                                arg_type if boxed else None)
355                      + self._nodes_for_features(doc)
356                      + self._nodes_for_sections(doc)
357                      + self._nodes_for_if_section(ifcond))
358
359    def symbol(self, doc, entity):
360        """Add documentation for one symbol to the document tree
361
362        This is the main entry point which causes us to add documentation
363        nodes for a symbol (which could be a 'command', 'object', 'event',
364        etc). We do this by calling 'visit' on the schema entity, which
365        will then call back into one of our visit_* methods, depending
366        on what kind of thing this symbol is.
367        """
368        self._cur_doc = doc
369        entity.visit(self)
370        self._cur_doc = None
371
372    def _start_new_heading(self, heading, level):
373        """Start a new heading at the specified heading level
374
375        Create a new section whose title is 'heading' and which is placed
376        in the docutils node tree as a child of the most recent level-1
377        heading. Subsequent document sections (commands, freeform doc chunks,
378        etc) will be placed as children of this new heading section.
379        """
380        if len(self._active_headings) < level:
381            raise QAPISemError(self._cur_doc.info,
382                               'Level %d subheading found outside a '
383                               'level %d heading'
384                               % (level, level - 1))
385        snode = self._make_section(heading)
386        self._active_headings[level - 1] += snode
387        self._active_headings = self._active_headings[:level]
388        self._active_headings.append(snode)
389
390    def _add_node_to_current_heading(self, node):
391        """Add the node to whatever the current active heading is"""
392        self._active_headings[-1] += node
393
394    def freeform(self, doc):
395        """Add a piece of 'freeform' documentation to the document tree
396
397        A 'freeform' document chunk doesn't relate to any particular
398        symbol (for instance, it could be an introduction).
399
400        If the freeform document starts with a line of the form
401        '= Heading text', this is a section or subsection heading, with
402        the heading level indicated by the number of '=' signs.
403        """
404
405        # QAPIDoc documentation says free-form documentation blocks
406        # must have only a body section, nothing else.
407        assert not doc.sections
408        assert not doc.args
409        assert not doc.features
410        self._cur_doc = doc
411
412        text = doc.body.text
413        if re.match(r'=+ ', text):
414            # Section/subsection heading (if present, will always be
415            # the first line of the block)
416            (heading, _, text) = text.partition('\n')
417            (leader, _, heading) = heading.partition(' ')
418            self._start_new_heading(heading, len(leader))
419            if text == '':
420                return
421
422        node = self._make_section(None)
423        self._parse_text_into_node(text, node)
424        self._add_node_to_current_heading(node)
425        self._cur_doc = None
426
427    def _parse_text_into_node(self, doctext, node):
428        """Parse a chunk of QAPI-doc-format text into the node
429
430        The doc comment can contain most inline rST markup, including
431        bulleted and enumerated lists.
432        As an extra permitted piece of markup, @var will be turned
433        into ``var``.
434        """
435
436        # Handle the "@var means ``var`` case
437        doctext = re.sub(r'@([\w-]+)', r'``\1``', doctext)
438
439        rstlist = ViewList()
440        for line in doctext.splitlines():
441            # The reported line number will always be that of the start line
442            # of the doc comment, rather than the actual location of the error.
443            # Being more precise would require overhaul of the QAPIDoc class
444            # to track lines more exactly within all the sub-parts of the doc
445            # comment, as well as counting lines here.
446            rstlist.append(line, self._cur_doc.info.fname,
447                           self._cur_doc.info.line)
448        # Append a blank line -- in some cases rST syntax errors get
449        # attributed to the line after one with actual text, and if there
450        # isn't anything in the ViewList corresponding to that then Sphinx
451        # 1.6's AutodocReporter will then misidentify the source/line location
452        # in the error message (usually attributing it to the top-level
453        # .rst file rather than the offending .json file). The extra blank
454        # line won't affect the rendered output.
455        rstlist.append("", self._cur_doc.info.fname, self._cur_doc.info.line)
456        self._sphinx_directive.do_parse(rstlist, node)
457
458    def get_document_nodes(self):
459        """Return the list of docutils nodes which make up the document"""
460        return self._top_node.children
461
462
463class QAPISchemaGenDepVisitor(QAPISchemaVisitor):
464    """A QAPI schema visitor which adds Sphinx dependencies each module
465
466    This class calls the Sphinx note_dependency() function to tell Sphinx
467    that the generated documentation output depends on the input
468    schema file associated with each module in the QAPI input.
469    """
470    def __init__(self, env, qapidir):
471        self._env = env
472        self._qapidir = qapidir
473
474    def visit_module(self, name):
475        if name != "./builtin":
476            qapifile = self._qapidir + '/' + name
477            self._env.note_dependency(os.path.abspath(qapifile))
478        super().visit_module(name)
479
480
481class QAPIDocDirective(Directive):
482    """Extract documentation from the specified QAPI .json file"""
483    required_argument = 1
484    optional_arguments = 1
485    option_spec = {
486        'qapifile': directives.unchanged_required
487    }
488    has_content = False
489
490    def new_serialno(self):
491        """Return a unique new ID string suitable for use as a node's ID"""
492        env = self.state.document.settings.env
493        return 'qapidoc-%d' % env.new_serialno('qapidoc')
494
495    def run(self):
496        env = self.state.document.settings.env
497        qapifile = env.config.qapidoc_srctree + '/' + self.arguments[0]
498        qapidir = os.path.dirname(qapifile)
499
500        try:
501            schema = QAPISchema(qapifile)
502
503            # First tell Sphinx about all the schema files that the
504            # output documentation depends on (including 'qapifile' itself)
505            schema.visit(QAPISchemaGenDepVisitor(env, qapidir))
506
507            vis = QAPISchemaGenRSTVisitor(self)
508            vis.visit_begin(schema)
509            for doc in schema.docs:
510                if doc.symbol:
511                    vis.symbol(doc, schema.lookup_entity(doc.symbol))
512                else:
513                    vis.freeform(doc)
514            return vis.get_document_nodes()
515        except QAPIError as err:
516            # Launder QAPI parse errors into Sphinx extension errors
517            # so they are displayed nicely to the user
518            raise ExtensionError(str(err))
519
520    def do_parse(self, rstlist, node):
521        """Parse rST source lines and add them to the specified node
522
523        Take the list of rST source lines rstlist, parse them as
524        rST, and add the resulting docutils nodes as children of node.
525        The nodes are parsed in a way that allows them to include
526        subheadings (titles) without confusing the rendering of
527        anything else.
528        """
529        # This is from kerneldoc.py -- it works around an API change in
530        # Sphinx between 1.6 and 1.7. Unlike kerneldoc.py, we use
531        # sphinx.util.nodes.nested_parse_with_titles() rather than the
532        # plain self.state.nested_parse(), and so we can drop the saving
533        # of title_styles and section_level that kerneldoc.py does,
534        # because nested_parse_with_titles() does that for us.
535        if Use_SSI:
536            with switch_source_input(self.state, rstlist):
537                nested_parse_with_titles(self.state, rstlist, node)
538        else:
539            save = self.state.memo.reporter
540            self.state.memo.reporter = AutodocReporter(
541                rstlist, self.state.memo.reporter)
542            try:
543                nested_parse_with_titles(self.state, rstlist, node)
544            finally:
545                self.state.memo.reporter = save
546
547
548def setup(app):
549    """ Register qapi-doc directive with Sphinx"""
550    app.add_config_value('qapidoc_srctree', None, 'env')
551    app.add_directive('qapi-doc', QAPIDocDirective)
552
553    return dict(
554        version=__version__,
555        parallel_read_safe=True,
556        parallel_write_safe=True
557    )
558