xref: /openbmc/qemu/docs/specs/spdm.rst (revision b9c0a2e0)
1======================================================
2QEMU Security Protocols and Data Models (SPDM) Support
3======================================================
4
5SPDM enables authentication, attestation and key exchange to assist in
6providing infrastructure security enablement. It's a standard published
7by the `DMTF`_.
8
9QEMU supports connecting to a SPDM responder implementation. This allows an
10external application to emulate the SPDM responder logic for an SPDM device.
11
12Setting up a SPDM server
13========================
14
15When using QEMU with SPDM devices QEMU will connect to a server which
16implements the SPDM functionality.
17
18SPDM-Utils
19----------
20
21You can use `SPDM Utils`_ to emulate a responder. This is the simplest method.
22
23SPDM-Utils is a Linux applications to manage, test and develop devices
24supporting DMTF Security Protocol and Data Model (SPDM). It is written in Rust
25and utilises libspdm.
26
27To use SPDM-Utils you will need to do the following steps. Details are included
28in the SPDM-Utils README.
29
30 1. `Build libspdm`_
31 2. `Build SPDM Utils`_
32 3. `Run it as a server`_
33
34spdm-emu
35--------
36
37You can use `spdm emu`_ to model the
38SPDM responder.
39
40.. code-block:: shell
41
42    $ cd spdm-emu
43    $ git submodule init; git submodule update --recursive
44    $ mkdir build; cd build
45    $ cmake -DARCH=x64 -DTOOLCHAIN=GCC -DTARGET=Debug -DCRYPTO=openssl ..
46    $ make -j32
47    $ make copy_sample_key # Build certificates, required for SPDM authentication.
48
49It is worth noting that the certificates should be in compliance with
50PCIe r6.1 sec 6.31.3. This means you will need to add the following to
51openssl.cnf
52
53.. code-block::
54
55    subjectAltName = otherName:2.23.147;UTF8:Vendor=1b36:Device=0010:CC=010802:REV=02:SSVID=1af4:SSID=1100
56    2.23.147 = ASN1:OID:2.23.147
57
58and then manually regenerate some certificates with:
59
60.. code-block:: shell
61
62    $ openssl req -nodes -newkey ec:param.pem -keyout end_responder.key \
63        -out end_responder.req -sha384 -batch \
64        -subj "/CN=DMTF libspdm ECP384 responder cert"
65
66    $ openssl x509 -req -in end_responder.req -out end_responder.cert \
67        -CA inter.cert -CAkey inter.key -sha384 -days 3650 -set_serial 3 \
68        -extensions v3_end -extfile ../openssl.cnf
69
70    $ openssl asn1parse -in end_responder.cert -out end_responder.cert.der
71
72    $ cat ca.cert.der inter.cert.der end_responder.cert.der > bundle_responder.certchain.der
73
74You can use SPDM-Utils instead as it will generate the correct certificates
75automatically.
76
77The responder can then be launched with
78
79.. code-block:: shell
80
81    $ cd bin
82    $ ./spdm_responder_emu --trans PCI_DOE
83
84Connecting an SPDM NVMe device
85==============================
86
87Once a SPDM server is running we can start QEMU and connect to the server.
88
89For an NVMe device first let's setup a block we can use
90
91.. code-block:: shell
92
93    $ cd qemu-spdm/linux/image
94    $ dd if=/dev/zero of=blknvme bs=1M count=2096 # 2GB NNMe Drive
95
96Then you can add this to your QEMU command line:
97
98.. code-block:: shell
99
100    -drive file=blknvme,if=none,id=mynvme,format=raw \
101        -device nvme,drive=mynvme,serial=deadbeef,spdm_port=2323
102
103At which point QEMU will try to connect to the SPDM server.
104
105Note that if using x64-64 you will want to use the q35 machine instead
106of the default. So the entire QEMU command might look like this
107
108.. code-block:: shell
109
110    qemu-system-x86_64 -M q35 \
111        --kernel bzImage \
112        -drive file=rootfs.ext2,if=virtio,format=raw \
113        -append "root=/dev/vda console=ttyS0" \
114        -net none -nographic \
115        -drive file=blknvme,if=none,id=mynvme,format=raw \
116        -device nvme,drive=mynvme,serial=deadbeef,spdm_port=2323
117
118.. _DMTF:
119   https://www.dmtf.org/standards/SPDM
120
121.. _SPDM Utils:
122   https://github.com/westerndigitalcorporation/spdm-utils
123
124.. _spdm emu:
125   https://github.com/dmtf/spdm-emu
126
127.. _Build libspdm:
128   https://github.com/westerndigitalcorporation/spdm-utils?tab=readme-ov-file#build-libspdm
129
130.. _Build SPDM Utils:
131   https://github.com/westerndigitalcorporation/spdm-utils?tab=readme-ov-file#build-the-binary
132
133.. _Run it as a server:
134   https://github.com/westerndigitalcorporation/spdm-utils#qemu-spdm-device-emulation
135