1# q35 - VirtIO guest (graphical console)
2# =========================================================
3#
4# Usage:
5#
6#   $ qemu-system-x86_64 \
7#     -nodefaults \
8#     -readconfig q35-virtio-graphical.cfg
9#
10# You will probably need to tweak the lines marked as
11# CHANGE ME before being able to use this configuration!
12#
13# The guest will have a selection of VirtIO devices
14# tailored towards optimal performance with modern guests,
15# and will be accessed through a graphical console.
16#
17# ---------------------------------------------------------
18#
19# Using -nodefaults is required to have full control over
20# the virtual hardware: when it's specified, QEMU will
21# populate the board with only the builtin peripherals
22# plus a small selection of core PCI devices and
23# controllers; the user will then have to explicitly add
24# further devices.
25#
26# The core PCI devices show up in the guest as:
27#
28#   00:00.0 Host bridge
29#   00:1f.0 ISA bridge / LPC
30#   00:1f.2 SATA (AHCI) controller
31#   00:1f.3 SMBus controller
32#
33# This configuration file adds a number of other useful
34# devices, more specifically:
35#
36#   00:01.0 VGA compatible controller
37#   00:1b.0 Audio device
38#   00.1c.* PCI bridge (PCI Express Root Ports)
39#   01:00.0 SCSI storage controller
40#   02:00.0 Ethernet controller
41#   03:00.0 USB controller
42#
43# More information about these devices is available below.
44
45
46# Machine options
47# =========================================================
48#
49# We use the q35 machine type and enable KVM acceleration
50# for better performance.
51#
52# Using less than 1 GiB of memory is probably not going to
53# yield good performance in the guest, and might even lead
54# to obscure boot issues in some cases.
55
56[machine]
57  type = "q35"
58  accel = "kvm"
59
60[memory]
61  size = "1024"
62
63
64# PCI bridge (PCI Express Root Ports)
65# =========================================================
66#
67# We create eight PCI Express Root Ports, and we plug them
68# all into separate functions of the same slot. Some of
69# them will be used by devices, the rest will remain
70# available for hotplug.
71
72[device "pcie.1"]
73  driver = "pcie-root-port"
74  bus = "pcie.0"
75  addr = "1c.0"
76  port = "1"
77  chassis = "1"
78  multifunction = "on"
79
80[device "pcie.2"]
81  driver = "pcie-root-port"
82  bus = "pcie.0"
83  addr = "1c.1"
84  port = "2"
85  chassis = "2"
86
87[device "pcie.3"]
88  driver = "pcie-root-port"
89  bus = "pcie.0"
90  addr = "1c.2"
91  port = "3"
92  chassis = "3"
93
94[device "pcie.4"]
95  driver = "pcie-root-port"
96  bus = "pcie.0"
97  addr = "1c.3"
98  port = "4"
99  chassis = "4"
100
101[device "pcie.5"]
102  driver = "pcie-root-port"
103  bus = "pcie.0"
104  addr = "1c.4"
105  port = "5"
106  chassis = "5"
107
108[device "pcie.6"]
109  driver = "pcie-root-port"
110  bus = "pcie.0"
111  addr = "1c.5"
112  port = "6"
113  chassis = "6"
114
115[device "pcie.7"]
116  driver = "pcie-root-port"
117  bus = "pcie.0"
118  addr = "1c.6"
119  port = "7"
120  chassis = "7"
121
122[device "pcie.8"]
123  driver = "pcie-root-port"
124  bus = "pcie.0"
125  addr = "1c.7"
126  port = "8"
127  chassis = "8"
128
129
130# SCSI storage controller (and storage)
131# =========================================================
132#
133# We use virtio-scsi here so that we can (hot)plug a large
134# number of disks without running into issues; a SCSI disk,
135# backed by a qcow2 disk image on the host's filesystem, is
136# attached to it.
137#
138# We also create an optical disk, mostly for installation
139# purposes: once the guest OS has been successfully
140# installed, the guest will no longer boot from optical
141# media. If you don't want, or no longer want, to have an
142# optical disk in the guest you can safely comment out
143# all relevant sections below.
144
145[device "scsi"]
146  driver = "virtio-scsi-pci"
147  bus = "pcie.1"
148  addr = "00.0"
149
150[device "scsi-disk"]
151  driver = "scsi-hd"
152  bus = "scsi.0"
153  drive = "disk"
154  bootindex = "1"
155
156[drive "disk"]
157  file = "guest.qcow2"                          # CHANGE ME
158  format = "qcow2"
159  if = "none"
160
161[device "scsi-optical-disk"]
162  driver = "scsi-cd"
163  bus = "scsi.0"
164  drive = "optical-disk"
165  bootindex = "2"
166
167[drive "optical-disk"]
168  file = "install.iso"                          # CHANGE ME
169  format = "raw"
170  if = "none"
171
172
173# Ethernet controller
174# =========================================================
175#
176# We use virtio-net for improved performance over emulated
177# hardware; on the host side, we take advantage of user
178# networking so that the QEMU process doesn't require any
179# additional privileges.
180
181[netdev "hostnet"]
182  type = "user"
183
184[device "net"]
185  driver = "virtio-net-pci"
186  netdev = "hostnet"
187  bus = "pcie.2"
188  addr = "00.0"
189
190
191# USB controller (and input devices)
192# =========================================================
193#
194# We add a virtualization-friendly USB 3.0 controller and
195# a USB tablet so that graphical guests can be controlled
196# appropriately. A USB keyboard is not needed, as q35
197# guests get a PS/2 one added automatically.
198
199[device "usb"]
200  driver = "nec-usb-xhci"
201  bus = "pcie.3"
202  addr = "00.0"
203
204[device "tablet"]
205  driver = "usb-tablet"
206  bus = "usb.0"
207
208
209# VGA compatible controller
210# =========================================================
211#
212# We plug the QXL video card directly into the PCI Express
213# Root Bus as it is a legacy PCI device; this way, we can
214# reduce the number of PCI Express controllers in the
215# guest.
216#
217# If you're running the guest on a remote, potentially
218# headless host, you will probably want to append something
219# like
220#
221#   -display vnc=127.0.0.1:0
222#
223# to the command line in order to prevent QEMU from
224# creating a graphical display window on the host and
225# enable remote access instead.
226
227[device "video"]
228  driver = "qxl-vga"
229  bus = "pcie.0"
230  addr = "01.0"
231
232
233# Audio device
234# =========================================================
235#
236# Like the video card, the sound card is a legacy PCI
237# device and as such can be plugged directly into the PCI
238# Express Root Bus.
239
240[device "sound"]
241  driver = "ich9-intel-hda"
242  bus = "pcie.0"
243  addr = "1b.0"
244
245[device "duplex"]
246  driver = "hda-duplex"
247  bus = "sound.0"
248  cad = "0"
249