1
2Removed features
3================
4
5What follows is a record of recently removed, formerly deprecated
6features that serves as a record for users who have encountered
7trouble after a recent upgrade.
8
9System emulator command line arguments
10--------------------------------------
11
12``-hdachs`` (removed in 2.12)
13'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
14
15The geometry defined by ``-hdachs c,h,s,t`` should now be specified via
16``-device ide-hd,drive=dr,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s,bios-chs-trans=t``
17(together with ``-drive if=none,id=dr,...``).
18
19``-net channel`` (removed in 2.12)
20''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
21
22This option has been replaced by ``-net user,guestfwd=...``.
23
24``-net dump`` (removed in 2.12)
25'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
26
27``-net dump[,vlan=n][,file=filename][,len=maxlen]`` has been replaced by
28``-object filter-dump,id=id,netdev=dev[,file=filename][,maxlen=maxlen]``.
29Note that the new syntax works with netdev IDs instead of the old "vlan" hubs.
30
31``-no-kvm-pit`` (removed in 2.12)
32'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
33
34This was just a dummy option that has been ignored, since the in-kernel PIT
35cannot be disabled separately from the irqchip anymore. A similar effect
36(which also disables the KVM IOAPIC) can be obtained with
37``-M kernel_irqchip=split``.
38
39``-tdf`` (removed in 2.12)
40''''''''''''''''''''''''''
41
42There is no replacement, the ``-tdf`` option has just been ignored since the
43behaviour that could be changed by this option in qemu-kvm is now the default
44when using the KVM PIT. It still can be requested explicitly using
45``-global kvm-pit.lost_tick_policy=delay``.
46
47``-drive secs=s``, ``-drive heads=h`` & ``-drive cyls=c`` (removed in 3.0)
48''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
49
50The drive geometry should now be specified via
51``-device ...,drive=dr,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s`` (together with
52``-drive if=none,id=dr,...``).
53
54``-drive serial=``, ``-drive trans=`` & ``-drive addr=`` (removed in 3.0)
55'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
56
57Use ``-device ...,drive=dr,serial=r,bios-chs-trans=t,addr=a`` instead
58(together with ``-drive if=none,id=dr,...``).
59
60``-net ...,vlan=x`` (removed in 3.0)
61''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
62
63The term "vlan" was very confusing for most users in this context (it's about
64specifying a hub ID, not about IEEE 802.1Q or something similar), so this
65has been removed. To connect one NIC frontend with a network backend, either
66use ``-nic ...`` (e.g. for on-board NICs) or use ``-netdev ...,id=n`` together
67with ``-device ...,netdev=n`` (for full control over pluggable NICs). To
68connect multiple NICs or network backends via a hub device (which is what
69vlan did), use ``-nic hubport,hubid=x,...`` or
70``-netdev hubport,id=n,hubid=x,...`` (with ``-device ...,netdev=n``) instead.
71
72``-no-kvm-irqchip`` (removed in 3.0)
73''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
74
75Use ``-machine kernel_irqchip=off`` instead.
76
77``-no-kvm-pit-reinjection`` (removed in 3.0)
78''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
79
80Use ``-global kvm-pit.lost_tick_policy=discard`` instead.
81
82``-balloon`` (removed in 3.1)
83'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
84
85The ``-balloon virtio`` option has been replaced by ``-device virtio-balloon``.
86The ``-balloon none`` option was a no-op and has no replacement.
87
88``-bootp`` (removed in 3.1)
89'''''''''''''''''''''''''''
90
91The ``-bootp /some/file`` argument is replaced by either
92``-netdev user,id=x,bootp=/some/file`` (for pluggable NICs, accompanied with
93``-device ...,netdev=x``), or ``-nic user,bootp=/some/file`` (for on-board NICs).
94The new syntax allows different settings to be provided per NIC.
95
96``-redir`` (removed in 3.1)
97'''''''''''''''''''''''''''
98
99The ``-redir [tcp|udp]:hostport:[guestaddr]:guestport`` option is replaced
100by either ``-netdev
101user,id=x,hostfwd=[tcp|udp]:[hostaddr]:hostport-[guestaddr]:guestport``
102(for pluggable NICs, accompanied with ``-device ...,netdev=x``) or by the option
103``-nic user,hostfwd=[tcp|udp]:[hostaddr]:hostport-[guestaddr]:guestport``
104(for on-board NICs). The new syntax allows different settings to be provided
105per NIC.
106
107``-smb`` (removed in 3.1)
108'''''''''''''''''''''''''
109
110The ``-smb /some/dir`` argument is replaced by either
111``-netdev user,id=x,smb=/some/dir`` (for pluggable NICs, accompanied with
112``-device ...,netdev=x``), or ``-nic user,smb=/some/dir`` (for on-board NICs).
113The new syntax allows different settings to be provided per NIC.
114
115``-tftp`` (removed in 3.1)
116''''''''''''''''''''''''''
117
118The ``-tftp /some/dir`` argument is replaced by either
119``-netdev user,id=x,tftp=/some/dir`` (for pluggable NICs, accompanied with
120``-device ...,netdev=x``), or ``-nic user,tftp=/some/dir`` (for embedded NICs).
121The new syntax allows different settings to be provided per NIC.
122
123``-localtime`` (removed in 3.1)
124'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
125
126Replaced by ``-rtc base=localtime``.
127
128``-nodefconfig`` (removed in 3.1)
129'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
130
131Use ``-no-user-config`` instead.
132
133``-rtc-td-hack`` (removed in 3.1)
134'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
135
136Use ``-rtc driftfix=slew`` instead.
137
138``-startdate`` (removed in 3.1)
139'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
140
141Replaced by ``-rtc base=date``.
142
143``-vnc ...,tls=...``, ``-vnc ...,x509=...`` & ``-vnc ...,x509verify=...`` (removed in 3.1)
144''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
145
146The "tls-creds" option should be used instead to point to a "tls-creds-x509"
147object created using "-object".
148
149``-mem-path`` fallback to RAM (removed in 5.0)
150''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
151
152If guest RAM allocation from file pointed by ``mem-path`` failed,
153QEMU was falling back to allocating from RAM, which might have resulted
154in unpredictable behavior since the backing file specified by the user
155as ignored. Currently, users are responsible for making sure the backing storage
156specified with ``-mem-path`` can actually provide the guest RAM configured with
157``-m`` and QEMU fails to start up if RAM allocation is unsuccessful.
158
159``-net ...,name=...`` (removed in 5.1)
160''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
161
162The ``name`` parameter of the ``-net`` option was a synonym
163for the ``id`` parameter, which should now be used instead.
164
165``-numa node,mem=...`` (removed in 5.1)
166'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
167
168The parameter ``mem`` of ``-numa node`` was used to assign a part of guest RAM
169to a NUMA node. But when using it, it's impossible to manage a specified RAM
170chunk on the host side (like bind it to a host node, setting bind policy, ...),
171so the guest ends up with the fake NUMA configuration with suboptiomal
172performance.
173However since 2014 there is an alternative way to assign RAM to a NUMA node
174using parameter ``memdev``, which does the same as ``mem`` and adds
175means to actually manage node RAM on the host side. Use parameter ``memdev``
176with *memory-backend-ram* backend as replacement for parameter ``mem``
177to achieve the same fake NUMA effect or a properly configured
178*memory-backend-file* backend to actually benefit from NUMA configuration.
179New machine versions (since 5.1) will not accept the option but it will still
180work with old machine types. User can check the QAPI schema to see if the legacy
181option is supported by looking at MachineInfo::numa-mem-supported property.
182
183``-numa`` node (without memory specified) (removed in 5.2)
184''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
185
186Splitting RAM by default between NUMA nodes had the same issues as ``mem``
187parameter with the difference that the role of the user plays QEMU using
188implicit generic or board specific splitting rule.
189Use ``memdev`` with *memory-backend-ram* backend or ``mem`` (if
190it's supported by used machine type) to define mapping explicitly instead.
191Users of existing VMs, wishing to preserve the same RAM distribution, should
192configure it explicitly using ``-numa node,memdev`` options. Current RAM
193distribution can be retrieved using HMP command ``info numa`` and if separate
194memory devices (pc|nv-dimm) are present use ``info memory-device`` and subtract
195device memory from output of ``info numa``.
196
197``-smp`` (invalid topologies) (removed in 5.2)
198''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
199
200CPU topology properties should describe whole machine topology including
201possible CPUs.
202
203However, historically it was possible to start QEMU with an incorrect topology
204where *n* <= *sockets* * *cores* * *threads* < *maxcpus*,
205which could lead to an incorrect topology enumeration by the guest.
206Support for invalid topologies is removed, the user must ensure
207topologies described with -smp include all possible cpus, i.e.
208*sockets* * *cores* * *threads* = *maxcpus*.
209
210``-machine enforce-config-section=on|off`` (removed in 5.2)
211'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
212
213The ``enforce-config-section`` property was replaced by the
214``-global migration.send-configuration={on|off}`` option.
215
216``-no-kvm`` (removed in 5.2)
217''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
218
219The ``-no-kvm`` argument was a synonym for setting ``-machine accel=tcg``.
220
221``-realtime`` (removed in 6.0)
222''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
223
224The ``-realtime mlock=on|off`` argument has been replaced by the
225``-overcommit mem-lock=on|off`` argument.
226
227``-show-cursor`` option (removed in 6.0)
228''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
229
230Use ``-display sdl,show-cursor=on``, ``-display gtk,show-cursor=on``
231or ``-display default,show-cursor=on`` instead.
232
233``-tb-size`` option (removed in 6.0)
234''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
235
236QEMU 5.0 introduced an alternative syntax to specify the size of the translation
237block cache, ``-accel tcg,tb-size=``.
238
239``-usbdevice audio`` (removed in 6.0)
240'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
241
242This option lacked the possibility to specify an audio backend device.
243Use ``-device usb-audio`` now instead (and specify a corresponding USB
244host controller or ``-usb`` if necessary).
245
246``-vnc acl`` (removed in 6.0)
247'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
248
249The ``acl`` option to the ``-vnc`` argument has been replaced
250by the ``tls-authz`` and ``sasl-authz`` options.
251
252``-mon ...,control=readline,pretty=on|off`` (removed in 6.0)
253''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
254
255The ``pretty=on|off`` switch has no effect for HMP monitors and
256its use is rejected.
257
258``-drive file=json:{...{'driver':'file'}}`` (removed in 6.0)
259''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
260
261The 'file' driver for drives is no longer appropriate for character or host
262devices and will only accept regular files (S_IFREG). The correct driver
263for these file types is 'host_cdrom' or 'host_device' as appropriate.
264
265Floppy controllers' drive properties (removed in 6.0)
266'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
267
268Use ``-device floppy,...`` instead.  When configuring onboard floppy
269controllers
270::
271
272    -global isa-fdc.driveA=...
273    -global sysbus-fdc.driveA=...
274    -global SUNW,fdtwo.drive=...
275
276become
277::
278
279    -device floppy,unit=0,drive=...
280
281and
282::
283
284    -global isa-fdc.driveB=...
285    -global sysbus-fdc.driveB=...
286
287become
288::
289
290    -device floppy,unit=1,drive=...
291
292When plugging in a floppy controller
293::
294
295    -device isa-fdc,...,driveA=...
296
297becomes
298::
299
300    -device isa-fdc,...
301    -device floppy,unit=0,drive=...
302
303and
304::
305
306    -device isa-fdc,...,driveB=...
307
308becomes
309::
310
311    -device isa-fdc,...
312    -device floppy,unit=1,drive=...
313
314``-drive`` with bogus interface type (removed in 6.0)
315'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
316
317Drives with interface types other than ``if=none`` are for onboard
318devices.  Drives the board doesn't pick up can no longer be used with
319-device.  Use ``if=none`` instead.
320
321``-usbdevice ccid`` (removed in 6.0)
322'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
323
324This option was undocumented and not used in the field.
325Use ``-device usb-ccid`` instead.
326
327RISC-V firmware not booted by default (removed in 5.1)
328''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
329
330QEMU 5.1 changes the default behaviour from ``-bios none`` to ``-bios default``
331for the RISC-V ``virt`` machine and ``sifive_u`` machine.
332
333``-no-quit`` (removed in 7.0)
334'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
335
336The ``-no-quit`` was a synonym for ``-display ...,window-close=off`` which
337should be used instead.
338
339``--enable-fips`` (removed in 7.1)
340''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
341
342This option restricted usage of certain cryptographic algorithms when
343the host is operating in FIPS mode.
344
345If FIPS compliance is required, QEMU should be built with the ``libgcrypt``
346or ``gnutls`` library enabled as a cryptography provider.
347
348Neither the ``nettle`` library, or the built-in cryptography provider are
349supported on FIPS enabled hosts.
350
351``-writeconfig`` (removed in 7.1)
352'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
353
354The ``-writeconfig`` option was not able to serialize the entire contents
355of the QEMU command line.  It is thus considered a failed experiment
356and removed without a replacement.
357
358``loaded`` property of ``secret`` and ``secret_keyring`` objects (removed in 7.1)
359'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
360
361The ``loaded=on`` option in the command line or QMP ``object-add`` either had
362no effect (if ``loaded`` was the last option) or caused options to be
363effectively ignored as if they were not given.  The property is therefore
364useless and should simply be removed.
365
366``opened`` property of ``rng-*`` objects (removed in 7.1)
367'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
368
369The ``opened=on`` option in the command line or QMP ``object-add`` either had
370no effect (if ``opened`` was the last option) or caused errors.  The property
371is therefore useless and should simply be removed.
372
373``-display sdl,window_close=...`` (removed in 7.1)
374''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
375
376Use ``-display sdl,window-close=...`` instead (i.e. with a minus instead of
377an underscore between "window" and "close").
378
379``-alt-grab`` and ``-display sdl,alt_grab=on`` (removed in 7.1)
380'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
381
382Use ``-display sdl,grab-mod=lshift-lctrl-lalt`` instead.
383
384``-ctrl-grab`` and ``-display sdl,ctrl_grab=on`` (removed in 7.1)
385'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
386
387Use ``-display sdl,grab-mod=rctrl`` instead.
388
389``-sdl`` (removed in 7.1)
390'''''''''''''''''''''''''
391
392Use ``-display sdl`` instead.
393
394``-curses`` (removed in 7.1)
395''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
396
397Use ``-display curses`` instead.
398
399Creating sound card devices using ``-soundhw`` (removed in 7.1)
400'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
401
402Sound card devices should be created using ``-device`` or ``-audio``.
403The exception is ``pcspk`` which can be activated using ``-machine
404pcspk-audiodev=<name>``.
405
406``-watchdog`` (since 7.2)
407'''''''''''''''''''''''''
408
409Use ``-device`` instead.
410
411Hexadecimal sizes with scaling multipliers (since 8.0)
412''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
413
414Input parameters that take a size value should only use a size suffix
415(such as 'k' or 'M') when the base is written in decimal, and not when
416the value is hexadecimal.  That is, '0x20M' should be written either as
417'32M' or as '0x2000000'.
418
419``-chardev`` backend aliases ``tty`` and ``parport`` (removed in 8.0)
420'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
421
422``tty`` and ``parport`` used to be aliases for ``serial`` and ``parallel``
423respectively. The actual backend names should be used instead.
424
425``-drive if=none`` for the sifive_u OTP device (removed in 8.0)
426'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
427
428Use ``-drive if=pflash`` to configure the OTP device of the sifive_u
429RISC-V machine instead.
430
431``-spice password=string`` (removed in 8.0)
432'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
433
434This option was insecure because the SPICE password remained visible in
435the process listing. This was replaced by the new ``password-secret``
436option which lets the password be securely provided on the command
437line using a ``secret`` object instance.
438
439``QEMU_AUDIO_`` environment variables and ``-audio-help`` (removed in 8.2)
440''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
441
442The ``-audiodev`` and ``-audio`` command line options are now the only
443way to specify audio backend settings.
444
445Using ``-audiodev`` to define the default audio backend (removed in 8.2)
446''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
447
448If no audiodev property is specified, previous versions would use the
449first ``-audiodev`` command line option as a fallback.  Starting with
450version 8.2, audio backends created with ``-audiodev`` will only be
451used by clients (sound cards, machines with embedded sound hardware, VNC)
452that refer to it in an ``audiodev=`` property.
453
454In order to configure a default audio backend, use the ``-audio``
455command line option without specifying a ``model``; while previous
456versions of QEMU required a model, starting with version 8.2
457QEMU does not require a model and will not create any sound card
458in this case.
459
460Note that the default audio backend must be configured on the command
461line if the ``-nodefaults`` options is used.
462
463``-no-hpet`` (removed in 9.0)
464'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
465
466The HPET setting has been turned into a machine property.
467Use ``-machine hpet=off`` instead.
468
469``-no-acpi`` (removed in 9.0)
470'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
471
472The ``-no-acpi`` setting has been turned into a machine property.
473Use ``-machine acpi=off`` instead.
474
475``-async-teardown`` (removed in 9.0)
476''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
477
478Use ``-run-with async-teardown=on`` instead.
479
480``-chroot`` (removed in 9.0)
481''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
482
483Use ``-run-with chroot=dir`` instead.
484
485``-singlestep`` (removed in 9.0)
486''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
487
488The ``-singlestep`` option has been turned into an accelerator property,
489and given a name that better reflects what it actually does.
490Use ``-accel tcg,one-insn-per-tb=on`` instead.
491
492
493User-mode emulator command line arguments
494-----------------------------------------
495
496``-singlestep`` (removed in 9.0)
497''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
498
499The ``-singlestep`` option has been given a name that better reflects
500what it actually does. For both linux-user and bsd-user, use the
501``-one-insn-per-tb`` option instead.
502
503
504QEMU Machine Protocol (QMP) commands
505------------------------------------
506
507``block-dirty-bitmap-add`` "autoload" parameter (removed in 4.2)
508''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
509
510The "autoload" parameter has been ignored since 2.12.0. All bitmaps
511are automatically loaded from qcow2 images.
512
513``cpu-add`` (removed in 5.2)
514''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
515
516Use ``device_add`` for hotplugging vCPUs instead of ``cpu-add``.  See
517documentation of ``query-hotpluggable-cpus`` for additional details.
518
519``change`` (removed in 6.0)
520'''''''''''''''''''''''''''
521
522Use ``blockdev-change-medium`` or ``change-vnc-password`` or
523``display-update`` instead.
524
525``query-events`` (removed in 6.0)
526'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
527
528The ``query-events`` command has been superseded by the more powerful
529and accurate ``query-qmp-schema`` command.
530
531``migrate_set_cache_size`` and ``query-migrate-cache-size`` (removed in 6.0)
532''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
533
534Use ``migrate_set_parameter`` and ``info migrate_parameters`` instead.
535
536``migrate_set_downtime`` and ``migrate_set_speed`` (removed in 6.0)
537'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
538
539Use ``migrate_set_parameter`` instead.
540
541``query-cpus`` (removed in 6.0)
542'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
543
544The ``query-cpus`` command is replaced by the ``query-cpus-fast`` command.
545
546``query-cpus-fast`` ``arch`` output member (removed in 6.0)
547'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
548
549The ``arch`` output member of the ``query-cpus-fast`` command is
550replaced by the ``target`` output member.
551
552chardev client socket with ``wait`` option (removed in 6.0)
553'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
554
555Character devices creating sockets in client mode should not specify
556the 'wait' field, which is only applicable to sockets in server mode
557
558``query-named-block-nodes`` result ``encryption_key_missing`` (removed in 6.0)
559''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
560
561Removed with no replacement.
562
563``query-block`` result ``inserted.encryption_key_missing`` (removed in 6.0)
564'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
565
566Removed with no replacement.
567
568``query-named-block-nodes`` and ``query-block`` result dirty-bitmaps[i].status (removed in 6.0)
569'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
570
571The ``status`` field of the ``BlockDirtyInfo`` structure, returned by
572these commands is removed. Two new boolean fields, ``recording`` and
573``busy`` effectively replace it.
574
575``query-block`` result field ``dirty-bitmaps`` (removed in 6.0)
576'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
577
578The ``dirty-bitmaps`` field of the ``BlockInfo`` structure, returned by
579the query-block command is itself now removed. The ``dirty-bitmaps``
580field of the ``BlockDeviceInfo`` struct should be used instead, which is the
581type of the ``inserted`` field in query-block replies, as well as the
582type of array items in query-named-block-nodes.
583
584``object-add`` option ``props`` (removed in 6.0)
585''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
586
587Specify the properties for the object as top-level arguments instead.
588
589``query-sgx`` return value member ``section-size`` (removed in 8.0)
590'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
591
592Member ``section-size`` in the return value of ``query-sgx``
593was superseded by ``sections``.
594
595
596``query-sgx-capabilities`` return value member ``section-size`` (removed in 8.0)
597''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
598
599Member ``section-size`` in the return value of ``query-sgx-capabilities``
600was superseded by ``sections``.
601
602Human Monitor Protocol (HMP) commands
603-------------------------------------
604
605``usb_add`` and ``usb_remove`` (removed in 2.12)
606''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
607
608Replaced by ``device_add`` and ``device_del`` (use ``device_add help`` for a
609list of available devices).
610
611``host_net_add`` and ``host_net_remove`` (removed in 2.12)
612''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
613
614Replaced by ``netdev_add`` and ``netdev_del``.
615
616The ``hub_id`` parameter of ``hostfwd_add`` / ``hostfwd_remove`` (removed in 5.0)
617'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
618
619The ``[hub_id name]`` parameter tuple of the 'hostfwd_add' and
620'hostfwd_remove' HMP commands has been replaced by ``netdev_id``.
621
622``cpu-add`` (removed in 5.2)
623''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
624
625Use ``device_add`` for hotplugging vCPUs instead of ``cpu-add``.  See
626documentation of ``query-hotpluggable-cpus`` for additional details.
627
628``change vnc TARGET`` (removed in 6.0)
629''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
630
631No replacement.  The ``change vnc password`` and ``change DEVICE MEDIUM``
632commands are not affected.
633
634``acl_show``, ``acl_reset``, ``acl_policy``, ``acl_add``, ``acl_remove`` (removed in 6.0)
635'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
636
637The ``acl_show``, ``acl_reset``, ``acl_policy``, ``acl_add``, and
638``acl_remove`` commands were removed with no replacement. Authorization
639for VNC should be performed using the pluggable QAuthZ objects.
640
641``migrate-set-cache-size`` and ``info migrate-cache-size`` (removed in 6.0)
642'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
643
644Use ``migrate-set-parameters`` and ``info migrate-parameters`` instead.
645
646``migrate_set_downtime`` and ``migrate_set_speed`` (removed in 6.0)
647'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
648
649Use ``migrate-set-parameters`` instead.
650
651``info cpustats`` (removed in 6.1)
652''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
653
654This command didn't produce any output already. Removed with no replacement.
655
656``singlestep`` (removed in 9.0)
657'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
658
659The ``singlestep`` command has been replaced by the ``one-insn-per-tb``
660command, which has the same behaviour but a less misleading name.
661
662Host Architectures
663------------------
664
665System emulation on 32-bit Windows hosts (removed in 9.0)
666'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
667
668Windows 11 has no support for 32-bit host installs, and Windows 10 did
669not support new 32-bit installs, only upgrades. 32-bit Windows support
670has now been dropped by the MSYS2 project. QEMU also is deprecating
671and dropping support for 32-bit x86 host deployments in
672general. 32-bit Windows is therefore no longer a supported host for
673QEMU.  Since all recent x86 hardware from the past >10 years is
674capable of the 64-bit x86 extensions, a corresponding 64-bit OS should
675be used instead.
676
677Guest Emulator ISAs
678-------------------
679
680RISC-V ISA privilege specification version 1.09.1 (removed in 5.1)
681''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
682
683The RISC-V ISA privilege specification version 1.09.1 has been removed.
684QEMU supports both the newer version 1.10.0 and the ratified version 1.11.0, these
685should be used instead of the 1.09.1 version.
686
687System emulator CPUS
688--------------------
689
690KVM guest support on 32-bit Arm hosts (removed in 5.2)
691''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
692
693The Linux kernel has dropped support for allowing 32-bit Arm systems
694to host KVM guests as of the 5.7 kernel, and was thus removed from QEMU
695as well.  Running 32-bit guests on a 64-bit Arm host remains supported.
696
697RISC-V ISA Specific CPUs (removed in 5.1)
698'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
699
700The RISC-V cpus with the ISA version in the CPU name have been removed. The
701four CPUs are: ``rv32gcsu-v1.9.1``, ``rv32gcsu-v1.10.0``, ``rv64gcsu-v1.9.1`` and
702``rv64gcsu-v1.10.0``. Instead the version can be specified via the CPU ``priv_spec``
703option when using the ``rv32`` or ``rv64`` CPUs.
704
705RISC-V no MMU CPUs (removed in 5.1)
706'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
707
708The RISC-V no MMU cpus have been removed. The two CPUs: ``rv32imacu-nommu`` and
709``rv64imacu-nommu`` can no longer be used. Instead the MMU status can be specified
710via the CPU ``mmu`` option when using the ``rv32`` or ``rv64`` CPUs.
711
712``compat`` property of server class POWER CPUs (removed in 6.0)
713'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
714
715The ``max-cpu-compat`` property of the ``pseries`` machine type should be used
716instead.
717
718``moxie`` CPU (removed in 6.1)
719''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
720
721Nobody was using this CPU emulation in QEMU, and there were no test images
722available to make sure that the code is still working, so it has been removed
723without replacement.
724
725``lm32`` CPUs (removed in 6.1)
726''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
727
728The only public user of this architecture was the milkymist project,
729which has been dead for years; there was never an upstream Linux
730port.  Removed without replacement.
731
732``unicore32`` CPUs (removed in 6.1)
733'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
734
735Support for this CPU was removed from the upstream Linux kernel, and
736there is no available upstream toolchain to build binaries for it.
737Removed without replacement.
738
739x86 ``Icelake-Client`` CPU (removed in 7.1)
740'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
741
742There isn't ever Icelake Client CPU, it is some wrong and imaginary one.
743Use ``Icelake-Server`` instead.
744
745System accelerators
746-------------------
747
748Userspace local APIC with KVM (x86, removed in 8.0)
749'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
750
751``-M kernel-irqchip=off`` cannot be used on KVM if the CPU model includes
752a local APIC.  The ``split`` setting is supported, as is using ``-M
753kernel-irqchip=off`` when the CPU does not have a local APIC.
754
755HAXM (``-accel hax``) (removed in 8.2)
756''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
757
758The HAXM project has been retired (see https://github.com/intel/haxm#status).
759Use "whpx" (on Windows) or "hvf" (on macOS) instead.
760
761MIPS "Trap-and-Emulate" KVM support (removed in 8.0)
762''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
763
764The MIPS "Trap-and-Emulate" KVM host and guest support was removed
765from Linux in 2021, and is not supported anymore by QEMU either.
766
767System emulator machines
768------------------------
769
770``s390-virtio`` (removed in 2.6)
771''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
772
773Use the ``s390-ccw-virtio`` machine instead.
774
775The m68k ``dummy`` machine (removed in 2.9)
776'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
777
778Use the ``none`` machine with the ``loader`` device instead.
779
780``xlnx-ep108`` (removed in 3.0)
781'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
782
783The EP108 was an early access development board that is no longer used.
784Use the ``xlnx-zcu102`` machine instead.
785
786``spike_v1.9.1`` and ``spike_v1.10`` (removed in 5.1)
787'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
788
789The version specific Spike machines have been removed in favour of the
790generic ``spike`` machine. If you need to specify an older version of the RISC-V
791spec you can use the ``-cpu rv64gcsu,priv_spec=v1.10.0`` command line argument.
792
793mips ``r4k`` platform (removed in 5.2)
794''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
795
796This machine type was very old and unmaintained. Users should use the ``malta``
797machine type instead.
798
799mips ``fulong2e`` machine alias (removed in 6.0)
800''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
801
802This machine has been renamed ``fuloong2e``.
803
804``pc-0.10`` up to ``pc-i440fx-1.7`` (removed in 4.0 up to 8.2)
805''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
806
807These machine types were very old and likely could not be used for live
808migration from old QEMU versions anymore. Use a newer machine type instead.
809
810Raspberry Pi ``raspi2`` and ``raspi3`` machines (removed in 6.2)
811''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
812
813The Raspberry Pi machines come in various models (A, A+, B, B+). To be able
814to distinguish which model QEMU is implementing, the ``raspi2`` and ``raspi3``
815machines have been renamed ``raspi2b`` and ``raspi3b``.
816
817Aspeed ``swift-bmc`` machine (removed in 7.0)
818'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
819
820This machine was removed because it was unused. Alternative AST2500 based
821OpenPOWER machines are ``witherspoon-bmc`` and ``romulus-bmc``.
822
823ppc ``taihu`` machine (removed in 7.2)
824'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
825
826This machine was removed because it was partially emulated and 405
827machines are very similar. Use the ``ref405ep`` machine instead.
828
829linux-user mode CPUs
830--------------------
831
832``tilegx`` CPUs (removed in 6.0)
833''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
834
835The ``tilegx`` guest CPU support has been removed without replacement. It was
836only implemented in linux-user mode, but support for this CPU was removed from
837the upstream Linux kernel in 2018, and it has also been dropped from glibc, so
838there is no new Linux development taking place with this architecture. For
839running the old binaries, you can use older versions of QEMU.
840
841``ppc64abi32`` CPUs (removed in 7.0)
842''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
843
844The ``ppc64abi32`` architecture has a number of issues which regularly
845tripped up the CI testing and was suspected to be quite broken. For that
846reason the maintainers strongly suspected no one actually used it.
847
848
849TCG introspection features
850--------------------------
851
852TCG trace-events (since 6.2)
853''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
854
855The ability to add new TCG trace points had bit rotted and as the
856feature can be replicated with TCG plugins it was removed. If
857any user is currently using this feature and needs help with
858converting to using TCG plugins they should contact the qemu-devel
859mailing list.
860
861
862System emulator devices
863-----------------------
864
865``spapr-pci-vfio-host-bridge`` (removed in 2.12)
866'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
867
868The ``spapr-pci-vfio-host-bridge`` device type has been replaced by the
869``spapr-pci-host-bridge`` device type.
870
871``ivshmem`` (removed in 4.0)
872''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
873
874Replaced by either the ``ivshmem-plain`` or ``ivshmem-doorbell``.
875
876``ide-drive`` (removed in 6.0)
877''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
878
879The 'ide-drive' device has been removed. Users should use 'ide-hd' or
880'ide-cd' as appropriate to get an IDE hard disk or CD-ROM as needed.
881
882``scsi-disk`` (removed in 6.0)
883''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
884
885The 'scsi-disk' device has been removed. Users should use 'scsi-hd' or
886'scsi-cd' as appropriate to get a SCSI hard disk or CD-ROM as needed.
887
888``sga`` (removed in 8.0)
889''''''''''''''''''''''''
890
891The ``sga`` device loaded an option ROM for x86 targets which enabled
892SeaBIOS to send messages to the serial console. SeaBIOS 1.11.0 onwards
893contains native support for this feature and thus use of the option
894ROM approach was obsolete. The native SeaBIOS support can be activated
895by using ``-machine graphics=off``.
896
897
898Related binaries
899----------------
900
901``qemu-nbd --partition`` (removed in 5.0)
902'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
903
904The ``qemu-nbd --partition $digit`` code (also spelled ``-P``)
905could only handle MBR partitions, and never correctly handled logical
906partitions beyond partition 5.  Exporting a partition can still be
907done by utilizing the ``--image-opts`` option with a raw blockdev
908using the ``offset`` and ``size`` parameters layered on top of
909any other existing blockdev. For example, if partition 1 is 100MiB
910long starting at 1MiB, the old command::
911
912  qemu-nbd -t -P 1 -f qcow2 file.qcow2
913
914can be rewritten as::
915
916  qemu-nbd -t --image-opts driver=raw,offset=1M,size=100M,file.driver=qcow2,file.file.driver=file,file.file.filename=file.qcow2
917
918``qemu-img convert -n -o`` (removed in 5.1)
919'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
920
921All options specified in ``-o`` are image creation options, so
922they are now rejected when used with ``-n`` to skip image creation.
923
924
925``qemu-img create -b bad file $size`` (removed in 5.1)
926''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
927
928When creating an image with a backing file that could not be opened,
929``qemu-img create`` used to issue a warning about the failure but
930proceed with the image creation if an explicit size was provided.
931However, as the ``-u`` option exists for this purpose, it is safer to
932enforce that any failure to open the backing image (including if the
933backing file is missing or an incorrect format was specified) is an
934error when ``-u`` is not used.
935
936``qemu-img amend`` to adjust backing file (removed in 6.1)
937''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
938
939The use of ``qemu-img amend`` to modify the name or format of a qcow2
940backing image was never fully documented or tested, and interferes
941with other amend operations that need access to the original backing
942image (such as deciding whether a v3 zero cluster may be left
943unallocated when converting to a v2 image).  Any changes to the
944backing chain should be performed with ``qemu-img rebase -u`` either
945before or after the remaining changes being performed by amend, as
946appropriate.
947
948``qemu-img`` backing file without format (removed in 6.1)
949'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
950
951The use of ``qemu-img create``, ``qemu-img rebase``, or ``qemu-img
952convert`` to create or modify an image that depends on a backing file
953now requires that an explicit backing format be provided.  This is
954for safety: if QEMU probes a different format than what you thought,
955the data presented to the guest will be corrupt; similarly, presenting
956a raw image to a guest allows a potential security exploit if a future
957probe sees a non-raw image based on guest writes.
958
959To avoid creating unsafe backing chains, you must pass ``-o
960backing_fmt=`` (or the shorthand ``-F`` during create) to specify the
961intended backing format.  You may use ``qemu-img rebase -u`` to
962retroactively add a backing format to an existing image.  However, be
963aware that there are already potential security risks to blindly using
964``qemu-img info`` to probe the format of an untrusted backing image,
965when deciding what format to add into an existing image.
966
967Block devices
968-------------
969
970VXHS backend (removed in 5.1)
971'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
972
973The VXHS code did not compile since v2.12.0. It was removed in 5.1.
974
975``sheepdog`` driver (removed in 6.0)
976''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
977
978The corresponding upstream server project is no longer maintained.
979Users are recommended to switch to an alternative distributed block
980device driver such as RBD.
981
982Tools
983-----
984
985virtiofsd (removed in 8.0)
986''''''''''''''''''''''''''
987
988There is a newer Rust implementation of ``virtiofsd`` at
989``https://gitlab.com/virtio-fs/virtiofsd``; this has been
990stable for some time and is now widely used.
991The command line and feature set is very close to the removed
992C implementation.
993
994