contrib/plugins/lockstep.c

/*
 * Lockstep Execution Plugin
 *
 * Allows you to execute two QEMU instances in lockstep and report
 * when their execution diverges. This is mainly useful for developers
 * who want to see where a change to TCG code generation has
 * introduced a subtle and hard to find bug.
 *
 * Caveats:
 *   - single-threaded linux-user apps only with non-deterministic syscalls
 *   - no MTTCG enabled system emulation (icount may help)
 *
 * While icount makes things more deterministic it doesn't mean a
 * particular run may execute the exact same sequence of blocks. An
 * asynchronous event (for example X11 graphics update) may cause a
 * block to end early and a new partial block to start. This means
 * serial only test cases are a better bet. -d nochain may also help
 * as well as -accel tcg,one-insn-per-tb=on
 *
 * This code is not thread safe!
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2020 Linaro Ltd
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 */

#include <glib.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include <qemu-plugin.h>

QEMU_PLUGIN_EXPORT int qemu_plugin_version = QEMU_PLUGIN_VERSION;

/* saved so we can uninstall later */
static qemu_plugin_id_t our_id;

static unsigned long bb_count;
static unsigned long insn_count;

/* Information about a translated block */
typedef struct {
    uint64_t pc;
    uint64_t insns;
} BlockInfo;

/* Information about an execution state in the log */
typedef struct {
    BlockInfo *block;
    unsigned long insn_count;
    unsigned long block_count;
} ExecInfo;

/* The execution state we compare */
typedef struct {
    uint64_t pc;
    uint64_t insn_count;
} ExecState;

typedef struct {
    GSList *log_pos;
    int distance;
} DivergeState;

/* list of translated block info */
static GSList *blocks;

/* execution log and points of divergence */
static GSList *log, *divergence_log;

static int socket_fd;
static char *path_to_unlink;

static bool verbose;

static void plugin_cleanup(qemu_plugin_id_t id)
{
    /* Free our block data */
    g_slist_free_full(blocks, &g_free);
    g_slist_free_full(log, &g_free);
    g_slist_free(divergence_log);

    close(socket_fd);
    if (path_to_unlink) {
        unlink(path_to_unlink);
    }
}

static void plugin_exit(qemu_plugin_id_t id, void *p)
{
    g_autoptr(GString) out = g_string_new("No divergence :-)\n");
    g_string_append_printf(out, "Executed %ld/%d blocks\n",
                           bb_count, g_slist_length(log));
    g_string_append_printf(out, "Executed ~%ld instructions\n", insn_count);
    qemu_plugin_outs(out->str);

    plugin_cleanup(id);
}

/*
 * g_memdup has been deprecated in Glib since 2.68 and
 * will complain about it if you try to use it. However until
 * glib_req_ver for QEMU is bumped we make a copy of the glib-compat
 * handler.
 */
static inline gpointer g_memdup2_qemu(gconstpointer mem, gsize byte_size)
{
#if GLIB_CHECK_VERSION(2, 68, 0)
    return g_memdup2(mem, byte_size);
#else
    gpointer new_mem;

    if (mem && byte_size != 0) {
        new_mem = g_malloc(byte_size);
        memcpy(new_mem, mem, byte_size);
    } else {
        new_mem = NULL;
    }

    return new_mem;
#endif
}
#define g_memdup2(m, s) g_memdup2_qemu(m, s)

static void report_divergance(ExecState *us, ExecState *them)
{
    DivergeState divrec = { log, 0 };
    g_autoptr(GString) out = g_string_new("");
    bool diverged = false;

    /*
     * If we have diverged before did we get back on track or are we
     * totally losing it?
     */
    if (divergence_log) {
        DivergeState *last = (DivergeState *) divergence_log->data;
        GSList *entry;

        for (entry = log; g_slist_next(entry); entry = g_slist_next(entry)) {
            if (entry == last->log_pos) {
                break;
            }
            divrec.distance++;
        }

        /*
         * If the last two records are so close it is likely we will
         * not recover synchronisation with the other end.
         */
        if (divrec.distance == 1 && last->distance == 1) {
            diverged = true;
        }
    }
    divergence_log = g_slist_prepend(divergence_log,
                                     g_memdup2(&divrec, sizeof(divrec)));

    /* Output short log entry of going out of sync... */
    if (verbose || divrec.distance == 1 || diverged) {
        g_string_printf(out, "@ "
                        "0x%016" PRIx64 " (%" PRId64 ") vs "
                        "0x%016" PRIx64 " (%" PRId64 ")"
                        " (%d/%d since last)\n",
                        us->pc, us->insn_count,
                        them->pc, them->insn_count,
                        g_slist_length(divergence_log),
                        divrec.distance);
        qemu_plugin_outs(out->str);
    }

    if (diverged) {
        int i;
        GSList *entry;

        g_string_printf(out, "Δ too high, we have diverged, previous insns\n");

        for (entry = log, i = 0;
             g_slist_next(entry) && i < 5;
             entry = g_slist_next(entry), i++) {
            ExecInfo *prev = (ExecInfo *) entry->data;
            g_string_append_printf(out,
                                   "  previously @ 0x%016" PRIx64 "/%" PRId64
                                   " (%ld insns)\n",
                                   prev->block->pc, prev->block->insns,
                                   prev->insn_count);
        }
        qemu_plugin_outs(out->str);
        qemu_plugin_outs("giving up\n");
        qemu_plugin_uninstall(our_id, plugin_cleanup);
    }
}

static void vcpu_tb_exec(unsigned int cpu_index, void *udata)
{
    BlockInfo *bi = (BlockInfo *) udata;
    ExecState us, them;
    ssize_t bytes;
    ExecInfo *exec;

    us.pc = bi->pc;
    us.insn_count = insn_count;

    /*
     * Write our current position to the other end. If we fail the
     * other end has probably died and we should shut down gracefully.
     */
    bytes = write(socket_fd, &us, sizeof(ExecState));
    if (bytes < sizeof(ExecState)) {
        qemu_plugin_outs(bytes < 0 ?
                         "problem writing to socket" :
                         "wrote less than expected to socket");
        qemu_plugin_uninstall(our_id, plugin_cleanup);
        return;
    }

    /*
     * Now read where our peer has reached. Again a failure probably
     * indicates the other end died and we should close down cleanly.
     */
    bytes = read(socket_fd, &them, sizeof(ExecState));
    if (bytes < sizeof(ExecState)) {
        qemu_plugin_outs(bytes < 0 ?
                         "problem reading from socket" :
                         "read less than expected");
        qemu_plugin_uninstall(our_id, plugin_cleanup);
        return;
    }

    /*
     * Compare and report if we have diverged.
     */
    if (us.pc != them.pc) {
        report_divergance(&us, &them);
    }

    /*
     * Assume this block will execute fully and record it
     * in the execution log.
     */
    insn_count += bi->insns;
    bb_count++;
    exec = g_new0(ExecInfo, 1);
    exec->block = bi;
    exec->insn_count = insn_count;
    exec->block_count = bb_count;
    log = g_slist_prepend(log, exec);
}

static void vcpu_tb_trans(qemu_plugin_id_t id, struct qemu_plugin_tb *tb)
{
    BlockInfo *bi = g_new0(BlockInfo, 1);
    bi->pc = qemu_plugin_tb_vaddr(tb);
    bi->insns = qemu_plugin_tb_n_insns(tb);

    /* save a reference so we can free later */
    blocks = g_slist_prepend(blocks, bi);
    qemu_plugin_register_vcpu_tb_exec_cb(tb, vcpu_tb_exec,
                                         QEMU_PLUGIN_CB_NO_REGS, (void *)bi);
}


/*
 * Instead of encoding master/slave status into what is essentially
 * two peers we shall just take the simple approach of checking for
 * the existence of the pipe and assuming if it's not there we are the
 * first process.
 */
static bool setup_socket(const char *path)
{
    struct sockaddr_un sockaddr;
    const gsize pathlen = sizeof(sockaddr.sun_path) - 1;
    int fd;

    fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (fd < 0) {
        perror("create socket");
        return false;
    }

    sockaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    if (g_strlcpy(sockaddr.sun_path, path, pathlen) >= pathlen) {
        perror("bad path");
        close(fd);
        return false;
    }

    if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sockaddr, sizeof(sockaddr)) < 0) {
        perror("bind socket");
        close(fd);
        return false;
    }

    /* remember to clean-up */
    path_to_unlink = g_strdup(path);

    if (listen(fd, 1) < 0) {
        perror("listen socket");
        close(fd);
        return false;
    }

    socket_fd = accept(fd, NULL, NULL);
    if (socket_fd < 0 && errno != EINTR) {
        perror("accept socket");
        close(fd);
        return false;
    }

    qemu_plugin_outs("setup_socket::ready\n");

    close(fd);
    return true;
}

static bool connect_socket(const char *path)
{
    int fd;
    struct sockaddr_un sockaddr;
    const gsize pathlen = sizeof(sockaddr.sun_path) - 1;

    fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (fd < 0) {
        perror("create socket");
        return false;
    }

    sockaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    if (g_strlcpy(sockaddr.sun_path, path, pathlen) >= pathlen) {
        perror("bad path");
        close(fd);
        return false;
    }

    if (connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sockaddr, sizeof(sockaddr)) < 0) {
        perror("failed to connect");
        close(fd);
        return false;
    }

    qemu_plugin_outs("connect_socket::ready\n");

    socket_fd = fd;
    return true;
}

static bool setup_unix_socket(const char *path)
{
    if (g_file_test(path, G_FILE_TEST_EXISTS)) {
        return connect_socket(path);
    } else {
        return setup_socket(path);
    }
}


QEMU_PLUGIN_EXPORT int qemu_plugin_install(qemu_plugin_id_t id,
                                           const qemu_info_t *info,
                                           int argc, char **argv)
{
    int i;
    g_autofree char *sock_path = NULL;

    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        char *p = argv[i];
        g_auto(GStrv) tokens = g_strsplit(p, "=", 2);

        if (g_strcmp0(tokens[0], "verbose") == 0) {
            if (!qemu_plugin_bool_parse(tokens[0], tokens[1], &verbose)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "boolean argument parsing failed: %s\n", p);
                return -1;
            }
        } else if (g_strcmp0(tokens[0], "sockpath") == 0) {
            sock_path = g_strdup(tokens[1]);
        } else {
            fprintf(stderr, "option parsing failed: %s\n", p);
            return -1;
        }
    }

    if (sock_path == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Need a socket path to talk to other instance.\n");
        return -1;
    }

    if (!setup_unix_socket(sock_path)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to setup socket for communications.\n");
        return -1;
    }

    our_id = id;

    qemu_plugin_register_vcpu_tb_trans_cb(id, vcpu_tb_trans);
    qemu_plugin_register_atexit_cb(id, plugin_exit, NULL);
    return 0;
}