xref: /openbmc/qemu/blockdev.c (revision 40daca54)
1 /*
2  * QEMU host block devices
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or
7  * later.  See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
8  *
9  * This file incorporates work covered by the following copyright and
10  * permission notice:
11  *
12  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
13  *
14  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
15  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
16  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
17  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
18  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
19  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
20  *
21  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
22  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
23  *
24  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
25  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
26  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
27  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
28  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
29  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
30  * THE SOFTWARE.
31  */
32 
33 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
34 #include "hw/block/block.h"
35 #include "block/blockjob.h"
36 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
37 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
38 #include "qemu/option.h"
39 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
40 #include "qapi/qmp/types.h"
41 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
42 #include "block/block_int.h"
43 #include "qmp-commands.h"
44 #include "trace.h"
45 #include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
46 
47 static QTAILQ_HEAD(drivelist, DriveInfo) drives = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(drives);
48 extern QemuOptsList qemu_common_drive_opts;
49 extern QemuOptsList qemu_old_drive_opts;
50 
51 static const char *const if_name[IF_COUNT] = {
52     [IF_NONE] = "none",
53     [IF_IDE] = "ide",
54     [IF_SCSI] = "scsi",
55     [IF_FLOPPY] = "floppy",
56     [IF_PFLASH] = "pflash",
57     [IF_MTD] = "mtd",
58     [IF_SD] = "sd",
59     [IF_VIRTIO] = "virtio",
60     [IF_XEN] = "xen",
61 };
62 
63 static const int if_max_devs[IF_COUNT] = {
64     /*
65      * Do not change these numbers!  They govern how drive option
66      * index maps to unit and bus.  That mapping is ABI.
67      *
68      * All controllers used to imlement if=T drives need to support
69      * if_max_devs[T] units, for any T with if_max_devs[T] != 0.
70      * Otherwise, some index values map to "impossible" bus, unit
71      * values.
72      *
73      * For instance, if you change [IF_SCSI] to 255, -drive
74      * if=scsi,index=12 no longer means bus=1,unit=5, but
75      * bus=0,unit=12.  With an lsi53c895a controller (7 units max),
76      * the drive can't be set up.  Regression.
77      */
78     [IF_IDE] = 2,
79     [IF_SCSI] = 7,
80 };
81 
82 /*
83  * We automatically delete the drive when a device using it gets
84  * unplugged.  Questionable feature, but we can't just drop it.
85  * Device models call blockdev_mark_auto_del() to schedule the
86  * automatic deletion, and generic qdev code calls blockdev_auto_del()
87  * when deletion is actually safe.
88  */
89 void blockdev_mark_auto_del(BlockDriverState *bs)
90 {
91     DriveInfo *dinfo = drive_get_by_blockdev(bs);
92 
93     if (bs->job) {
94         block_job_cancel(bs->job);
95     }
96     if (dinfo) {
97         dinfo->auto_del = 1;
98     }
99 }
100 
101 void blockdev_auto_del(BlockDriverState *bs)
102 {
103     DriveInfo *dinfo = drive_get_by_blockdev(bs);
104 
105     if (dinfo && dinfo->auto_del) {
106         drive_put_ref(dinfo);
107     }
108 }
109 
110 static int drive_index_to_bus_id(BlockInterfaceType type, int index)
111 {
112     int max_devs = if_max_devs[type];
113     return max_devs ? index / max_devs : 0;
114 }
115 
116 static int drive_index_to_unit_id(BlockInterfaceType type, int index)
117 {
118     int max_devs = if_max_devs[type];
119     return max_devs ? index % max_devs : index;
120 }
121 
122 QemuOpts *drive_def(const char *optstr)
123 {
124     return qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("drive"), optstr, 0);
125 }
126 
127 QemuOpts *drive_add(BlockInterfaceType type, int index, const char *file,
128                     const char *optstr)
129 {
130     QemuOpts *opts;
131     char buf[32];
132 
133     opts = drive_def(optstr);
134     if (!opts) {
135         return NULL;
136     }
137     if (type != IF_DEFAULT) {
138         qemu_opt_set(opts, "if", if_name[type]);
139     }
140     if (index >= 0) {
141         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", index);
142         qemu_opt_set(opts, "index", buf);
143     }
144     if (file)
145         qemu_opt_set(opts, "file", file);
146     return opts;
147 }
148 
149 DriveInfo *drive_get(BlockInterfaceType type, int bus, int unit)
150 {
151     DriveInfo *dinfo;
152 
153     /* seek interface, bus and unit */
154 
155     QTAILQ_FOREACH(dinfo, &drives, next) {
156         if (dinfo->type == type &&
157 	    dinfo->bus == bus &&
158 	    dinfo->unit == unit)
159             return dinfo;
160     }
161 
162     return NULL;
163 }
164 
165 DriveInfo *drive_get_by_index(BlockInterfaceType type, int index)
166 {
167     return drive_get(type,
168                      drive_index_to_bus_id(type, index),
169                      drive_index_to_unit_id(type, index));
170 }
171 
172 int drive_get_max_bus(BlockInterfaceType type)
173 {
174     int max_bus;
175     DriveInfo *dinfo;
176 
177     max_bus = -1;
178     QTAILQ_FOREACH(dinfo, &drives, next) {
179         if(dinfo->type == type &&
180            dinfo->bus > max_bus)
181             max_bus = dinfo->bus;
182     }
183     return max_bus;
184 }
185 
186 /* Get a block device.  This should only be used for single-drive devices
187    (e.g. SD/Floppy/MTD).  Multi-disk devices (scsi/ide) should use the
188    appropriate bus.  */
189 DriveInfo *drive_get_next(BlockInterfaceType type)
190 {
191     static int next_block_unit[IF_COUNT];
192 
193     return drive_get(type, 0, next_block_unit[type]++);
194 }
195 
196 DriveInfo *drive_get_by_blockdev(BlockDriverState *bs)
197 {
198     DriveInfo *dinfo;
199 
200     QTAILQ_FOREACH(dinfo, &drives, next) {
201         if (dinfo->bdrv == bs) {
202             return dinfo;
203         }
204     }
205     return NULL;
206 }
207 
208 static void bdrv_format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
209 {
210     error_printf(" %s", name);
211 }
212 
213 static void drive_uninit(DriveInfo *dinfo)
214 {
215     qemu_opts_del(dinfo->opts);
216     bdrv_delete(dinfo->bdrv);
217     g_free(dinfo->id);
218     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&drives, dinfo, next);
219     g_free(dinfo->serial);
220     g_free(dinfo);
221 }
222 
223 void drive_put_ref(DriveInfo *dinfo)
224 {
225     assert(dinfo->refcount);
226     if (--dinfo->refcount == 0) {
227         drive_uninit(dinfo);
228     }
229 }
230 
231 void drive_get_ref(DriveInfo *dinfo)
232 {
233     dinfo->refcount++;
234 }
235 
236 typedef struct {
237     QEMUBH *bh;
238     DriveInfo *dinfo;
239 } DrivePutRefBH;
240 
241 static void drive_put_ref_bh(void *opaque)
242 {
243     DrivePutRefBH *s = opaque;
244 
245     drive_put_ref(s->dinfo);
246     qemu_bh_delete(s->bh);
247     g_free(s);
248 }
249 
250 /*
251  * Release a drive reference in a BH
252  *
253  * It is not possible to use drive_put_ref() from a callback function when the
254  * callers still need the drive.  In such cases we schedule a BH to release the
255  * reference.
256  */
257 static void drive_put_ref_bh_schedule(DriveInfo *dinfo)
258 {
259     DrivePutRefBH *s;
260 
261     s = g_new(DrivePutRefBH, 1);
262     s->bh = qemu_bh_new(drive_put_ref_bh, s);
263     s->dinfo = dinfo;
264     qemu_bh_schedule(s->bh);
265 }
266 
267 static int parse_block_error_action(const char *buf, bool is_read)
268 {
269     if (!strcmp(buf, "ignore")) {
270         return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_IGNORE;
271     } else if (!is_read && !strcmp(buf, "enospc")) {
272         return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_ENOSPC;
273     } else if (!strcmp(buf, "stop")) {
274         return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_STOP;
275     } else if (!strcmp(buf, "report")) {
276         return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
277     } else {
278         error_report("'%s' invalid %s error action",
279                      buf, is_read ? "read" : "write");
280         return -1;
281     }
282 }
283 
284 static bool do_check_io_limits(BlockIOLimit *io_limits, Error **errp)
285 {
286     bool bps_flag;
287     bool iops_flag;
288 
289     assert(io_limits);
290 
291     bps_flag  = (io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] != 0)
292                  && ((io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ] != 0)
293                  || (io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] != 0));
294     iops_flag = (io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] != 0)
295                  && ((io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ] != 0)
296                  || (io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] != 0));
297     if (bps_flag || iops_flag) {
298         error_setg(errp, "bps(iops) and bps_rd/bps_wr(iops_rd/iops_wr) "
299                          "cannot be used at the same time");
300         return false;
301     }
302 
303     if (io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] < 0 ||
304         io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] < 0 ||
305         io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ] < 0 ||
306         io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] < 0 ||
307         io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] < 0 ||
308         io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ] < 0) {
309         error_setg(errp, "bps and iops values must be 0 or greater");
310         return false;
311     }
312 
313     return true;
314 }
315 
316 static DriveInfo *blockdev_init(QemuOpts *all_opts,
317                                 BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
318 {
319     const char *buf;
320     const char *file = NULL;
321     const char *serial;
322     const char *mediastr = "";
323     BlockInterfaceType type;
324     enum { MEDIA_DISK, MEDIA_CDROM } media;
325     int bus_id, unit_id;
326     int cyls, heads, secs, translation;
327     int max_devs;
328     int index;
329     int ro = 0;
330     int bdrv_flags = 0;
331     int on_read_error, on_write_error;
332     const char *devaddr;
333     DriveInfo *dinfo;
334     BlockIOLimit io_limits;
335     int snapshot = 0;
336     bool copy_on_read;
337     int ret;
338     Error *error = NULL;
339     QemuOpts *opts;
340     QDict *bs_opts;
341     const char *id;
342     bool has_driver_specific_opts;
343     BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
344 
345     translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO;
346     media = MEDIA_DISK;
347 
348     /* Check common options by copying from all_opts to opts, all other options
349      * are stored in bs_opts. */
350     id = qemu_opts_id(all_opts);
351     opts = qemu_opts_create(&qemu_common_drive_opts, id, 1, &error);
352     if (error_is_set(&error)) {
353         qerror_report_err(error);
354         error_free(error);
355         return NULL;
356     }
357 
358     bs_opts = qdict_new();
359     qemu_opts_to_qdict(all_opts, bs_opts);
360     qemu_opts_absorb_qdict(opts, bs_opts, &error);
361     if (error_is_set(&error)) {
362         qerror_report_err(error);
363         error_free(error);
364         return NULL;
365     }
366 
367     if (id) {
368         qdict_del(bs_opts, "id");
369     }
370 
371     has_driver_specific_opts = !!qdict_size(bs_opts);
372 
373     /* extract parameters */
374     bus_id  = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bus", 0);
375     unit_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "unit", -1);
376     index   = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "index", -1);
377 
378     cyls  = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "cyls", 0);
379     heads = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "heads", 0);
380     secs  = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "secs", 0);
381 
382     snapshot = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "snapshot", 0);
383     ro = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "read-only", 0);
384     copy_on_read = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "copy-on-read", false);
385 
386     file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
387     serial = qemu_opt_get(opts, "serial");
388 
389     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "if")) != NULL) {
390         for (type = 0; type < IF_COUNT && strcmp(buf, if_name[type]); type++)
391             ;
392         if (type == IF_COUNT) {
393             error_report("unsupported bus type '%s'", buf);
394             return NULL;
395 	}
396     } else {
397         type = block_default_type;
398     }
399 
400     max_devs = if_max_devs[type];
401 
402     if (cyls || heads || secs) {
403         if (cyls < 1) {
404             error_report("invalid physical cyls number");
405 	    return NULL;
406 	}
407         if (heads < 1) {
408             error_report("invalid physical heads number");
409 	    return NULL;
410 	}
411         if (secs < 1) {
412             error_report("invalid physical secs number");
413 	    return NULL;
414 	}
415     }
416 
417     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "trans")) != NULL) {
418         if (!cyls) {
419             error_report("'%s' trans must be used with cyls, heads and secs",
420                          buf);
421             return NULL;
422         }
423         if (!strcmp(buf, "none"))
424             translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_NONE;
425         else if (!strcmp(buf, "lba"))
426             translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_LBA;
427         else if (!strcmp(buf, "auto"))
428             translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO;
429 	else {
430             error_report("'%s' invalid translation type", buf);
431 	    return NULL;
432 	}
433     }
434 
435     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "media")) != NULL) {
436         if (!strcmp(buf, "disk")) {
437 	    media = MEDIA_DISK;
438 	} else if (!strcmp(buf, "cdrom")) {
439             if (cyls || secs || heads) {
440                 error_report("CHS can't be set with media=%s", buf);
441 	        return NULL;
442             }
443 	    media = MEDIA_CDROM;
444 	} else {
445 	    error_report("'%s' invalid media", buf);
446 	    return NULL;
447 	}
448     }
449 
450     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "discard")) != NULL) {
451         if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(buf, &bdrv_flags) != 0) {
452             error_report("invalid discard option");
453             return NULL;
454         }
455     }
456 
457     if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cache.writeback", true)) {
458         bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_CACHE_WB;
459     }
460     if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cache.direct", false)) {
461         bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
462     }
463     if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cache.no-flush", true)) {
464         bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH;
465     }
466 
467 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
468     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "aio")) != NULL) {
469         if (!strcmp(buf, "native")) {
470             bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
471         } else if (!strcmp(buf, "threads")) {
472             /* this is the default */
473         } else {
474            error_report("invalid aio option");
475            return NULL;
476         }
477     }
478 #endif
479 
480     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "format")) != NULL) {
481         if (is_help_option(buf)) {
482             error_printf("Supported formats:");
483             bdrv_iterate_format(bdrv_format_print, NULL);
484             error_printf("\n");
485             return NULL;
486         }
487 
488         drv = bdrv_find_whitelisted_format(buf, ro);
489         if (!drv) {
490             if (!ro && bdrv_find_whitelisted_format(buf, !ro)) {
491                 error_report("'%s' can be only used as read-only device.", buf);
492             } else {
493                 error_report("'%s' invalid format", buf);
494             }
495             return NULL;
496         }
497     }
498 
499     /* disk I/O throttling */
500     io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL]  =
501         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-total", 0);
502     io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ]   =
503         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-read", 0);
504     io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE]  =
505         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-write", 0);
506     io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] =
507         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-total", 0);
508     io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ]  =
509         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-read", 0);
510     io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] =
511         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-write", 0);
512 
513     if (!do_check_io_limits(&io_limits, &error)) {
514         error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(error));
515         error_free(error);
516         return NULL;
517     }
518 
519     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "boot") != NULL) {
520         fprintf(stderr, "qemu-kvm: boot=on|off is deprecated and will be "
521                 "ignored. Future versions will reject this parameter. Please "
522                 "update your scripts.\n");
523     }
524 
525     on_write_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_ENOSPC;
526     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "werror")) != NULL) {
527         if (type != IF_IDE && type != IF_SCSI && type != IF_VIRTIO && type != IF_NONE) {
528             error_report("werror is not supported by this bus type");
529             return NULL;
530         }
531 
532         on_write_error = parse_block_error_action(buf, 0);
533         if (on_write_error < 0) {
534             return NULL;
535         }
536     }
537 
538     on_read_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
539     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "rerror")) != NULL) {
540         if (type != IF_IDE && type != IF_VIRTIO && type != IF_SCSI && type != IF_NONE) {
541             error_report("rerror is not supported by this bus type");
542             return NULL;
543         }
544 
545         on_read_error = parse_block_error_action(buf, 1);
546         if (on_read_error < 0) {
547             return NULL;
548         }
549     }
550 
551     if ((devaddr = qemu_opt_get(opts, "addr")) != NULL) {
552         if (type != IF_VIRTIO) {
553             error_report("addr is not supported by this bus type");
554             return NULL;
555         }
556     }
557 
558     /* compute bus and unit according index */
559 
560     if (index != -1) {
561         if (bus_id != 0 || unit_id != -1) {
562             error_report("index cannot be used with bus and unit");
563             return NULL;
564         }
565         bus_id = drive_index_to_bus_id(type, index);
566         unit_id = drive_index_to_unit_id(type, index);
567     }
568 
569     /* if user doesn't specify a unit_id,
570      * try to find the first free
571      */
572 
573     if (unit_id == -1) {
574        unit_id = 0;
575        while (drive_get(type, bus_id, unit_id) != NULL) {
576            unit_id++;
577            if (max_devs && unit_id >= max_devs) {
578                unit_id -= max_devs;
579                bus_id++;
580            }
581        }
582     }
583 
584     /* check unit id */
585 
586     if (max_devs && unit_id >= max_devs) {
587         error_report("unit %d too big (max is %d)",
588                      unit_id, max_devs - 1);
589         return NULL;
590     }
591 
592     /*
593      * catch multiple definitions
594      */
595 
596     if (drive_get(type, bus_id, unit_id) != NULL) {
597         error_report("drive with bus=%d, unit=%d (index=%d) exists",
598                      bus_id, unit_id, index);
599         return NULL;
600     }
601 
602     /* init */
603 
604     dinfo = g_malloc0(sizeof(*dinfo));
605     if ((buf = qemu_opts_id(opts)) != NULL) {
606         dinfo->id = g_strdup(buf);
607     } else {
608         /* no id supplied -> create one */
609         dinfo->id = g_malloc0(32);
610         if (type == IF_IDE || type == IF_SCSI)
611             mediastr = (media == MEDIA_CDROM) ? "-cd" : "-hd";
612         if (max_devs)
613             snprintf(dinfo->id, 32, "%s%i%s%i",
614                      if_name[type], bus_id, mediastr, unit_id);
615         else
616             snprintf(dinfo->id, 32, "%s%s%i",
617                      if_name[type], mediastr, unit_id);
618     }
619     dinfo->bdrv = bdrv_new(dinfo->id);
620     dinfo->bdrv->open_flags = snapshot ? BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT : 0;
621     dinfo->bdrv->read_only = ro;
622     dinfo->devaddr = devaddr;
623     dinfo->type = type;
624     dinfo->bus = bus_id;
625     dinfo->unit = unit_id;
626     dinfo->cyls = cyls;
627     dinfo->heads = heads;
628     dinfo->secs = secs;
629     dinfo->trans = translation;
630     dinfo->opts = all_opts;
631     dinfo->refcount = 1;
632     if (serial != NULL) {
633         dinfo->serial = g_strdup(serial);
634     }
635     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&drives, dinfo, next);
636 
637     bdrv_set_on_error(dinfo->bdrv, on_read_error, on_write_error);
638 
639     /* disk I/O throttling */
640     bdrv_set_io_limits(dinfo->bdrv, &io_limits);
641 
642     switch(type) {
643     case IF_IDE:
644     case IF_SCSI:
645     case IF_XEN:
646     case IF_NONE:
647         dinfo->media_cd = media == MEDIA_CDROM;
648         break;
649     case IF_SD:
650     case IF_FLOPPY:
651     case IF_PFLASH:
652     case IF_MTD:
653         break;
654     case IF_VIRTIO:
655     {
656         /* add virtio block device */
657         QemuOpts *devopts;
658         devopts = qemu_opts_create_nofail(qemu_find_opts("device"));
659         if (arch_type == QEMU_ARCH_S390X) {
660             qemu_opt_set(devopts, "driver", "virtio-blk-s390");
661         } else {
662             qemu_opt_set(devopts, "driver", "virtio-blk-pci");
663         }
664         qemu_opt_set(devopts, "drive", dinfo->id);
665         if (devaddr)
666             qemu_opt_set(devopts, "addr", devaddr);
667         break;
668     }
669     default:
670         abort();
671     }
672     if (!file || !*file) {
673         if (has_driver_specific_opts) {
674             file = NULL;
675         } else {
676             return dinfo;
677         }
678     }
679     if (snapshot) {
680         /* always use cache=unsafe with snapshot */
681         bdrv_flags &= ~BDRV_O_CACHE_MASK;
682         bdrv_flags |= (BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT|BDRV_O_CACHE_WB|BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH);
683     }
684 
685     if (copy_on_read) {
686         bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ;
687     }
688 
689     if (runstate_check(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE)) {
690         bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_INCOMING;
691     }
692 
693     if (media == MEDIA_CDROM) {
694         /* CDROM is fine for any interface, don't check.  */
695         ro = 1;
696     } else if (ro == 1) {
697         if (type != IF_SCSI && type != IF_VIRTIO && type != IF_FLOPPY &&
698             type != IF_NONE && type != IF_PFLASH) {
699             error_report("read-only not supported by this bus type");
700             goto err;
701         }
702     }
703 
704     bdrv_flags |= ro ? 0 : BDRV_O_RDWR;
705 
706     if (ro && copy_on_read) {
707         error_report("warning: disabling copy_on_read on read-only drive");
708     }
709 
710     QINCREF(bs_opts);
711     ret = bdrv_open(dinfo->bdrv, file, bs_opts, bdrv_flags, drv);
712 
713     if (ret < 0) {
714         if (ret == -EMEDIUMTYPE) {
715             error_report("could not open disk image %s: not in %s format",
716                          file ?: dinfo->id, drv ? drv->format_name :
717                          qdict_get_str(bs_opts, "driver"));
718         } else {
719             error_report("could not open disk image %s: %s",
720                          file ?: dinfo->id, strerror(-ret));
721         }
722         goto err;
723     }
724 
725     if (bdrv_key_required(dinfo->bdrv))
726         autostart = 0;
727 
728     QDECREF(bs_opts);
729     qemu_opts_del(opts);
730 
731     return dinfo;
732 
733 err:
734     qemu_opts_del(opts);
735     QDECREF(bs_opts);
736     bdrv_delete(dinfo->bdrv);
737     g_free(dinfo->id);
738     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&drives, dinfo, next);
739     g_free(dinfo);
740     return NULL;
741 }
742 
743 static void qemu_opt_rename(QemuOpts *opts, const char *from, const char *to)
744 {
745     const char *value;
746 
747     value = qemu_opt_get(opts, from);
748     if (value) {
749         qemu_opt_set(opts, to, value);
750         qemu_opt_unset(opts, from);
751     }
752 }
753 
754 DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
755 {
756     const char *value;
757 
758     /*
759      * Check that only old options are used by copying into a QemuOpts with
760      * stricter checks. Going through a QDict seems to be the easiest way to
761      * achieve this...
762      */
763     QemuOpts* check_opts;
764     QDict *qdict;
765     Error *local_err = NULL;
766 
767     qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(all_opts, NULL);
768     check_opts = qemu_opts_from_qdict(&qemu_old_drive_opts, qdict, &local_err);
769     QDECREF(qdict);
770 
771     if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
772         qerror_report_err(local_err);
773         error_free(local_err);
774         return NULL;
775     }
776     qemu_opts_del(check_opts);
777 
778     /* Change legacy command line options into QMP ones */
779     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops", "throttling.iops-total");
780     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops_rd", "throttling.iops-read");
781     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops_wr", "throttling.iops-write");
782 
783     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps", "throttling.bps-total");
784     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps_rd", "throttling.bps-read");
785     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps_wr", "throttling.bps-write");
786 
787     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "readonly", "read-only");
788 
789     value = qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache");
790     if (value) {
791         int flags = 0;
792 
793         if (bdrv_parse_cache_flags(value, &flags) != 0) {
794             error_report("invalid cache option");
795             return NULL;
796         }
797 
798         /* Specific options take precedence */
799         if (!qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache.writeback")) {
800             qemu_opt_set_bool(all_opts, "cache.writeback",
801                               !!(flags & BDRV_O_CACHE_WB));
802         }
803         if (!qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache.direct")) {
804             qemu_opt_set_bool(all_opts, "cache.direct",
805                               !!(flags & BDRV_O_NOCACHE));
806         }
807         if (!qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache.no-flush")) {
808             qemu_opt_set_bool(all_opts, "cache.no-flush",
809                               !!(flags & BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH));
810         }
811         qemu_opt_unset(all_opts, "cache");
812     }
813 
814     return blockdev_init(all_opts, block_default_type);
815 }
816 
817 void do_commit(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
818 {
819     const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
820     BlockDriverState *bs;
821     int ret;
822 
823     if (!strcmp(device, "all")) {
824         ret = bdrv_commit_all();
825     } else {
826         bs = bdrv_find(device);
827         if (!bs) {
828             monitor_printf(mon, "Device '%s' not found\n", device);
829             return;
830         }
831         ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
832     }
833     if (ret < 0) {
834         monitor_printf(mon, "'commit' error for '%s': %s\n", device,
835                        strerror(-ret));
836     }
837 }
838 
839 static void blockdev_do_action(int kind, void *data, Error **errp)
840 {
841     TransactionAction action;
842     TransactionActionList list;
843 
844     action.kind = kind;
845     action.data = data;
846     list.value = &action;
847     list.next = NULL;
848     qmp_transaction(&list, errp);
849 }
850 
851 void qmp_blockdev_snapshot_sync(const char *device, const char *snapshot_file,
852                                 bool has_format, const char *format,
853                                 bool has_mode, enum NewImageMode mode,
854                                 Error **errp)
855 {
856     BlockdevSnapshot snapshot = {
857         .device = (char *) device,
858         .snapshot_file = (char *) snapshot_file,
859         .has_format = has_format,
860         .format = (char *) format,
861         .has_mode = has_mode,
862         .mode = mode,
863     };
864     blockdev_do_action(TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_SYNC,
865                        &snapshot, errp);
866 }
867 
868 
869 /* New and old BlockDriverState structs for group snapshots */
870 
871 typedef struct BlkTransactionState BlkTransactionState;
872 
873 /* Only prepare() may fail. In a single transaction, only one of commit() or
874    abort() will be called, clean() will always be called if it present. */
875 typedef struct BdrvActionOps {
876     /* Size of state struct, in bytes. */
877     size_t instance_size;
878     /* Prepare the work, must NOT be NULL. */
879     void (*prepare)(BlkTransactionState *common, Error **errp);
880     /* Commit the changes, can be NULL. */
881     void (*commit)(BlkTransactionState *common);
882     /* Abort the changes on fail, can be NULL. */
883     void (*abort)(BlkTransactionState *common);
884     /* Clean up resource in the end, can be NULL. */
885     void (*clean)(BlkTransactionState *common);
886 } BdrvActionOps;
887 
888 /*
889  * This structure must be arranged as first member in child type, assuming
890  * that compiler will also arrange it to the same address with parent instance.
891  * Later it will be used in free().
892  */
893 struct BlkTransactionState {
894     TransactionAction *action;
895     const BdrvActionOps *ops;
896     QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlkTransactionState) entry;
897 };
898 
899 /* external snapshot private data */
900 typedef struct ExternalSnapshotState {
901     BlkTransactionState common;
902     BlockDriverState *old_bs;
903     BlockDriverState *new_bs;
904 } ExternalSnapshotState;
905 
906 static void external_snapshot_prepare(BlkTransactionState *common,
907                                       Error **errp)
908 {
909     BlockDriver *drv;
910     int flags, ret;
911     Error *local_err = NULL;
912     const char *device;
913     const char *new_image_file;
914     const char *format = "qcow2";
915     enum NewImageMode mode = NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS;
916     ExternalSnapshotState *state =
917                              DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
918     TransactionAction *action = common->action;
919 
920     /* get parameters */
921     g_assert(action->kind == TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_SYNC);
922 
923     device = action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->device;
924     new_image_file = action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->snapshot_file;
925     if (action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->has_format) {
926         format = action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->format;
927     }
928     if (action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->has_mode) {
929         mode = action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->mode;
930     }
931 
932     /* start processing */
933     drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
934     if (!drv) {
935         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT, format);
936         return;
937     }
938 
939     state->old_bs = bdrv_find(device);
940     if (!state->old_bs) {
941         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
942         return;
943     }
944 
945     if (!bdrv_is_inserted(state->old_bs)) {
946         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
947         return;
948     }
949 
950     if (bdrv_in_use(state->old_bs)) {
951         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
952         return;
953     }
954 
955     if (!bdrv_is_read_only(state->old_bs)) {
956         if (bdrv_flush(state->old_bs)) {
957             error_set(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
958             return;
959         }
960     }
961 
962     flags = state->old_bs->open_flags;
963 
964     /* create new image w/backing file */
965     if (mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING) {
966         bdrv_img_create(new_image_file, format,
967                         state->old_bs->filename,
968                         state->old_bs->drv->format_name,
969                         NULL, -1, flags, &local_err, false);
970         if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
971             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
972             return;
973         }
974     }
975 
976     /* We will manually add the backing_hd field to the bs later */
977     state->new_bs = bdrv_new("");
978     /* TODO Inherit bs->options or only take explicit options with an
979      * extended QMP command? */
980     ret = bdrv_open(state->new_bs, new_image_file, NULL,
981                     flags | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, drv);
982     if (ret != 0) {
983         error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, new_image_file);
984     }
985 }
986 
987 static void external_snapshot_commit(BlkTransactionState *common)
988 {
989     ExternalSnapshotState *state =
990                              DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
991 
992     /* This removes our old bs and adds the new bs */
993     bdrv_append(state->new_bs, state->old_bs);
994     /* We don't need (or want) to use the transactional
995      * bdrv_reopen_multiple() across all the entries at once, because we
996      * don't want to abort all of them if one of them fails the reopen */
997     bdrv_reopen(state->new_bs, state->new_bs->open_flags & ~BDRV_O_RDWR,
998                 NULL);
999 }
1000 
1001 static void external_snapshot_abort(BlkTransactionState *common)
1002 {
1003     ExternalSnapshotState *state =
1004                              DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
1005     if (state->new_bs) {
1006         bdrv_delete(state->new_bs);
1007     }
1008 }
1009 
1010 typedef struct DriveBackupState {
1011     BlkTransactionState common;
1012     BlockDriverState *bs;
1013     BlockJob *job;
1014 } DriveBackupState;
1015 
1016 static void drive_backup_prepare(BlkTransactionState *common, Error **errp)
1017 {
1018     DriveBackupState *state = DO_UPCAST(DriveBackupState, common, common);
1019     DriveBackup *backup;
1020     Error *local_err = NULL;
1021 
1022     assert(common->action->kind == TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_DRIVE_BACKUP);
1023     backup = common->action->drive_backup;
1024 
1025     qmp_drive_backup(backup->device, backup->target,
1026                      backup->has_format, backup->format,
1027                      backup->sync,
1028                      backup->has_mode, backup->mode,
1029                      backup->has_speed, backup->speed,
1030                      backup->has_on_source_error, backup->on_source_error,
1031                      backup->has_on_target_error, backup->on_target_error,
1032                      &local_err);
1033     if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1034         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1035         state->bs = NULL;
1036         state->job = NULL;
1037         return;
1038     }
1039 
1040     state->bs = bdrv_find(backup->device);
1041     state->job = state->bs->job;
1042 }
1043 
1044 static void drive_backup_abort(BlkTransactionState *common)
1045 {
1046     DriveBackupState *state = DO_UPCAST(DriveBackupState, common, common);
1047     BlockDriverState *bs = state->bs;
1048 
1049     /* Only cancel if it's the job we started */
1050     if (bs && bs->job && bs->job == state->job) {
1051         block_job_cancel_sync(bs->job);
1052     }
1053 }
1054 
1055 static void abort_prepare(BlkTransactionState *common, Error **errp)
1056 {
1057     error_setg(errp, "Transaction aborted using Abort action");
1058 }
1059 
1060 static void abort_commit(BlkTransactionState *common)
1061 {
1062     g_assert_not_reached(); /* this action never succeeds */
1063 }
1064 
1065 static const BdrvActionOps actions[] = {
1066     [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_SYNC] = {
1067         .instance_size = sizeof(ExternalSnapshotState),
1068         .prepare  = external_snapshot_prepare,
1069         .commit   = external_snapshot_commit,
1070         .abort = external_snapshot_abort,
1071     },
1072     [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_DRIVE_BACKUP] = {
1073         .instance_size = sizeof(DriveBackupState),
1074         .prepare = drive_backup_prepare,
1075         .abort = drive_backup_abort,
1076     },
1077     [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_ABORT] = {
1078         .instance_size = sizeof(BlkTransactionState),
1079         .prepare = abort_prepare,
1080         .commit = abort_commit,
1081     },
1082 };
1083 
1084 /*
1085  * 'Atomic' group snapshots.  The snapshots are taken as a set, and if any fail
1086  *  then we do not pivot any of the devices in the group, and abandon the
1087  *  snapshots
1088  */
1089 void qmp_transaction(TransactionActionList *dev_list, Error **errp)
1090 {
1091     TransactionActionList *dev_entry = dev_list;
1092     BlkTransactionState *state, *next;
1093     Error *local_err = NULL;
1094 
1095     QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(snap_bdrv_states, BlkTransactionState) snap_bdrv_states;
1096     QSIMPLEQ_INIT(&snap_bdrv_states);
1097 
1098     /* drain all i/o before any snapshots */
1099     bdrv_drain_all();
1100 
1101     /* We don't do anything in this loop that commits us to the snapshot */
1102     while (NULL != dev_entry) {
1103         TransactionAction *dev_info = NULL;
1104         const BdrvActionOps *ops;
1105 
1106         dev_info = dev_entry->value;
1107         dev_entry = dev_entry->next;
1108 
1109         assert(dev_info->kind < ARRAY_SIZE(actions));
1110 
1111         ops = &actions[dev_info->kind];
1112         state = g_malloc0(ops->instance_size);
1113         state->ops = ops;
1114         state->action = dev_info;
1115         QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&snap_bdrv_states, state, entry);
1116 
1117         state->ops->prepare(state, &local_err);
1118         if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1119             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1120             goto delete_and_fail;
1121         }
1122     }
1123 
1124     QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(state, &snap_bdrv_states, entry) {
1125         if (state->ops->commit) {
1126             state->ops->commit(state);
1127         }
1128     }
1129 
1130     /* success */
1131     goto exit;
1132 
1133 delete_and_fail:
1134     /*
1135     * failure, and it is all-or-none; abandon each new bs, and keep using
1136     * the original bs for all images
1137     */
1138     QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(state, &snap_bdrv_states, entry) {
1139         if (state->ops->abort) {
1140             state->ops->abort(state);
1141         }
1142     }
1143 exit:
1144     QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(state, &snap_bdrv_states, entry, next) {
1145         if (state->ops->clean) {
1146             state->ops->clean(state);
1147         }
1148         g_free(state);
1149     }
1150 }
1151 
1152 
1153 static void eject_device(BlockDriverState *bs, int force, Error **errp)
1154 {
1155     if (bdrv_in_use(bs)) {
1156         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
1157         return;
1158     }
1159     if (!bdrv_dev_has_removable_media(bs)) {
1160         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_REMOVABLE, bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
1161         return;
1162     }
1163 
1164     if (bdrv_dev_is_medium_locked(bs) && !bdrv_dev_is_tray_open(bs)) {
1165         bdrv_dev_eject_request(bs, force);
1166         if (!force) {
1167             error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_LOCKED, bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
1168             return;
1169         }
1170     }
1171 
1172     bdrv_close(bs);
1173 }
1174 
1175 void qmp_eject(const char *device, bool has_force, bool force, Error **errp)
1176 {
1177     BlockDriverState *bs;
1178 
1179     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1180     if (!bs) {
1181         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1182         return;
1183     }
1184 
1185     eject_device(bs, force, errp);
1186 }
1187 
1188 void qmp_block_passwd(const char *device, const char *password, Error **errp)
1189 {
1190     BlockDriverState *bs;
1191     int err;
1192 
1193     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1194     if (!bs) {
1195         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1196         return;
1197     }
1198 
1199     err = bdrv_set_key(bs, password);
1200     if (err == -EINVAL) {
1201         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_ENCRYPTED, bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
1202         return;
1203     } else if (err < 0) {
1204         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PASSWORD);
1205         return;
1206     }
1207 }
1208 
1209 static void qmp_bdrv_open_encrypted(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *filename,
1210                                     int bdrv_flags, BlockDriver *drv,
1211                                     const char *password, Error **errp)
1212 {
1213     int ret;
1214 
1215     ret = bdrv_open(bs, filename, NULL, bdrv_flags, drv);
1216     if (ret < 0) {
1217         error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, filename);
1218         return;
1219     }
1220 
1221     if (bdrv_key_required(bs)) {
1222         if (password) {
1223             if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
1224                 error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PASSWORD);
1225             }
1226         } else {
1227             error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_ENCRYPTED, bdrv_get_device_name(bs),
1228                       bdrv_get_encrypted_filename(bs));
1229         }
1230     } else if (password) {
1231         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_ENCRYPTED, bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
1232     }
1233 }
1234 
1235 void qmp_change_blockdev(const char *device, const char *filename,
1236                          bool has_format, const char *format, Error **errp)
1237 {
1238     BlockDriverState *bs;
1239     BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
1240     int bdrv_flags;
1241     Error *err = NULL;
1242 
1243     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1244     if (!bs) {
1245         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1246         return;
1247     }
1248 
1249     if (format) {
1250         drv = bdrv_find_whitelisted_format(format, bs->read_only);
1251         if (!drv) {
1252             error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT, format);
1253             return;
1254         }
1255     }
1256 
1257     eject_device(bs, 0, &err);
1258     if (error_is_set(&err)) {
1259         error_propagate(errp, err);
1260         return;
1261     }
1262 
1263     bdrv_flags = bdrv_is_read_only(bs) ? 0 : BDRV_O_RDWR;
1264     bdrv_flags |= bdrv_is_snapshot(bs) ? BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT : 0;
1265 
1266     qmp_bdrv_open_encrypted(bs, filename, bdrv_flags, drv, NULL, errp);
1267 }
1268 
1269 /* throttling disk I/O limits */
1270 void qmp_block_set_io_throttle(const char *device, int64_t bps, int64_t bps_rd,
1271                                int64_t bps_wr, int64_t iops, int64_t iops_rd,
1272                                int64_t iops_wr, Error **errp)
1273 {
1274     BlockIOLimit io_limits;
1275     BlockDriverState *bs;
1276 
1277     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1278     if (!bs) {
1279         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1280         return;
1281     }
1282 
1283     io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] = bps;
1284     io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ]  = bps_rd;
1285     io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] = bps_wr;
1286     io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL]= iops;
1287     io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ] = iops_rd;
1288     io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE]= iops_wr;
1289 
1290     if (!do_check_io_limits(&io_limits, errp)) {
1291         return;
1292     }
1293 
1294     bs->io_limits = io_limits;
1295 
1296     if (!bs->io_limits_enabled && bdrv_io_limits_enabled(bs)) {
1297         bdrv_io_limits_enable(bs);
1298     } else if (bs->io_limits_enabled && !bdrv_io_limits_enabled(bs)) {
1299         bdrv_io_limits_disable(bs);
1300     } else {
1301         if (bs->block_timer) {
1302             qemu_mod_timer(bs->block_timer, qemu_get_clock_ns(vm_clock));
1303         }
1304     }
1305 }
1306 
1307 int do_drive_del(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict, QObject **ret_data)
1308 {
1309     const char *id = qdict_get_str(qdict, "id");
1310     BlockDriverState *bs;
1311 
1312     bs = bdrv_find(id);
1313     if (!bs) {
1314         qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, id);
1315         return -1;
1316     }
1317     if (bdrv_in_use(bs)) {
1318         qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, id);
1319         return -1;
1320     }
1321 
1322     /* quiesce block driver; prevent further io */
1323     bdrv_drain_all();
1324     bdrv_flush(bs);
1325     bdrv_close(bs);
1326 
1327     /* if we have a device attached to this BlockDriverState
1328      * then we need to make the drive anonymous until the device
1329      * can be removed.  If this is a drive with no device backing
1330      * then we can just get rid of the block driver state right here.
1331      */
1332     if (bdrv_get_attached_dev(bs)) {
1333         bdrv_make_anon(bs);
1334 
1335         /* Further I/O must not pause the guest */
1336         bdrv_set_on_error(bs, BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT,
1337                           BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT);
1338     } else {
1339         drive_uninit(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
1340     }
1341 
1342     return 0;
1343 }
1344 
1345 void qmp_block_resize(const char *device, int64_t size, Error **errp)
1346 {
1347     BlockDriverState *bs;
1348     int ret;
1349 
1350     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1351     if (!bs) {
1352         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1353         return;
1354     }
1355 
1356     if (size < 0) {
1357         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "size", "a >0 size");
1358         return;
1359     }
1360 
1361     /* complete all in-flight operations before resizing the device */
1362     bdrv_drain_all();
1363 
1364     ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, size);
1365     switch (ret) {
1366     case 0:
1367         break;
1368     case -ENOMEDIUM:
1369         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
1370         break;
1371     case -ENOTSUP:
1372         error_set(errp, QERR_UNSUPPORTED);
1373         break;
1374     case -EACCES:
1375         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IS_READ_ONLY, device);
1376         break;
1377     case -EBUSY:
1378         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
1379         break;
1380     default:
1381         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not resize");
1382         break;
1383     }
1384 }
1385 
1386 static void block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
1387 {
1388     BlockDriverState *bs = opaque;
1389     QObject *obj;
1390 
1391     trace_block_job_cb(bs, bs->job, ret);
1392 
1393     assert(bs->job);
1394     obj = qobject_from_block_job(bs->job);
1395     if (ret < 0) {
1396         QDict *dict = qobject_to_qdict(obj);
1397         qdict_put(dict, "error", qstring_from_str(strerror(-ret)));
1398     }
1399 
1400     if (block_job_is_cancelled(bs->job)) {
1401         monitor_protocol_event(QEVENT_BLOCK_JOB_CANCELLED, obj);
1402     } else {
1403         monitor_protocol_event(QEVENT_BLOCK_JOB_COMPLETED, obj);
1404     }
1405     qobject_decref(obj);
1406 
1407     drive_put_ref_bh_schedule(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
1408 }
1409 
1410 void qmp_block_stream(const char *device, bool has_base,
1411                       const char *base, bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
1412                       bool has_on_error, BlockdevOnError on_error,
1413                       Error **errp)
1414 {
1415     BlockDriverState *bs;
1416     BlockDriverState *base_bs = NULL;
1417     Error *local_err = NULL;
1418 
1419     if (!has_on_error) {
1420         on_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1421     }
1422 
1423     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1424     if (!bs) {
1425         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1426         return;
1427     }
1428 
1429     if (base) {
1430         base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
1431         if (base_bs == NULL) {
1432             error_set(errp, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND, base);
1433             return;
1434         }
1435     }
1436 
1437     stream_start(bs, base_bs, base, has_speed ? speed : 0,
1438                  on_error, block_job_cb, bs, &local_err);
1439     if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1440         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1441         return;
1442     }
1443 
1444     /* Grab a reference so hotplug does not delete the BlockDriverState from
1445      * underneath us.
1446      */
1447     drive_get_ref(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
1448 
1449     trace_qmp_block_stream(bs, bs->job);
1450 }
1451 
1452 void qmp_block_commit(const char *device,
1453                       bool has_base, const char *base, const char *top,
1454                       bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
1455                       Error **errp)
1456 {
1457     BlockDriverState *bs;
1458     BlockDriverState *base_bs, *top_bs;
1459     Error *local_err = NULL;
1460     /* This will be part of the QMP command, if/when the
1461      * BlockdevOnError change for blkmirror makes it in
1462      */
1463     BlockdevOnError on_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1464 
1465     /* drain all i/o before commits */
1466     bdrv_drain_all();
1467 
1468     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1469     if (!bs) {
1470         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1471         return;
1472     }
1473 
1474     /* default top_bs is the active layer */
1475     top_bs = bs;
1476 
1477     if (top) {
1478         if (strcmp(bs->filename, top) != 0) {
1479             top_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, top);
1480         }
1481     }
1482 
1483     if (top_bs == NULL) {
1484         error_setg(errp, "Top image file %s not found", top ? top : "NULL");
1485         return;
1486     }
1487 
1488     if (has_base && base) {
1489         base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(top_bs, base);
1490     } else {
1491         base_bs = bdrv_find_base(top_bs);
1492     }
1493 
1494     if (base_bs == NULL) {
1495         error_set(errp, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND, base ? base : "NULL");
1496         return;
1497     }
1498 
1499     commit_start(bs, base_bs, top_bs, speed, on_error, block_job_cb, bs,
1500                 &local_err);
1501     if (local_err != NULL) {
1502         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1503         return;
1504     }
1505     /* Grab a reference so hotplug does not delete the BlockDriverState from
1506      * underneath us.
1507      */
1508     drive_get_ref(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
1509 }
1510 
1511 void qmp_drive_backup(const char *device, const char *target,
1512                       bool has_format, const char *format,
1513                       enum MirrorSyncMode sync,
1514                       bool has_mode, enum NewImageMode mode,
1515                       bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
1516                       bool has_on_source_error, BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
1517                       bool has_on_target_error, BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
1518                       Error **errp)
1519 {
1520     BlockDriverState *bs;
1521     BlockDriverState *target_bs;
1522     BlockDriverState *source = NULL;
1523     BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
1524     Error *local_err = NULL;
1525     int flags;
1526     int64_t size;
1527     int ret;
1528 
1529     if (!has_speed) {
1530         speed = 0;
1531     }
1532     if (!has_on_source_error) {
1533         on_source_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1534     }
1535     if (!has_on_target_error) {
1536         on_target_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1537     }
1538     if (!has_mode) {
1539         mode = NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS;
1540     }
1541 
1542     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1543     if (!bs) {
1544         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1545         return;
1546     }
1547 
1548     if (!bdrv_is_inserted(bs)) {
1549         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
1550         return;
1551     }
1552 
1553     if (!has_format) {
1554         format = mode == NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING ? NULL : bs->drv->format_name;
1555     }
1556     if (format) {
1557         drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
1558         if (!drv) {
1559             error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT, format);
1560             return;
1561         }
1562     }
1563 
1564     if (bdrv_in_use(bs)) {
1565         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
1566         return;
1567     }
1568 
1569     flags = bs->open_flags | BDRV_O_RDWR;
1570 
1571     /* See if we have a backing HD we can use to create our new image
1572      * on top of. */
1573     if (sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_TOP) {
1574         source = bs->backing_hd;
1575         if (!source) {
1576             sync = MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL;
1577         }
1578     }
1579     if (sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_NONE) {
1580         source = bs;
1581     }
1582 
1583     size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
1584     if (size < 0) {
1585         error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "bdrv_getlength failed");
1586         return;
1587     }
1588 
1589     if (mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING) {
1590         assert(format && drv);
1591         if (source) {
1592             bdrv_img_create(target, format, source->filename,
1593                             source->drv->format_name, NULL,
1594                             size, flags, &local_err, false);
1595         } else {
1596             bdrv_img_create(target, format, NULL, NULL, NULL,
1597                             size, flags, &local_err, false);
1598         }
1599     }
1600 
1601     if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1602         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1603         return;
1604     }
1605 
1606     target_bs = bdrv_new("");
1607     ret = bdrv_open(target_bs, target, NULL, flags, drv);
1608     if (ret < 0) {
1609         bdrv_delete(target_bs);
1610         error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, target);
1611         return;
1612     }
1613 
1614     backup_start(bs, target_bs, speed, sync, on_source_error, on_target_error,
1615                  block_job_cb, bs, &local_err);
1616     if (local_err != NULL) {
1617         bdrv_delete(target_bs);
1618         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1619         return;
1620     }
1621 
1622     /* Grab a reference so hotplug does not delete the BlockDriverState from
1623      * underneath us.
1624      */
1625     drive_get_ref(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
1626 }
1627 
1628 #define DEFAULT_MIRROR_BUF_SIZE   (10 << 20)
1629 
1630 void qmp_drive_mirror(const char *device, const char *target,
1631                       bool has_format, const char *format,
1632                       enum MirrorSyncMode sync,
1633                       bool has_mode, enum NewImageMode mode,
1634                       bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
1635                       bool has_granularity, uint32_t granularity,
1636                       bool has_buf_size, int64_t buf_size,
1637                       bool has_on_source_error, BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
1638                       bool has_on_target_error, BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
1639                       Error **errp)
1640 {
1641     BlockDriverState *bs;
1642     BlockDriverState *source, *target_bs;
1643     BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
1644     Error *local_err = NULL;
1645     int flags;
1646     int64_t size;
1647     int ret;
1648 
1649     if (!has_speed) {
1650         speed = 0;
1651     }
1652     if (!has_on_source_error) {
1653         on_source_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1654     }
1655     if (!has_on_target_error) {
1656         on_target_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1657     }
1658     if (!has_mode) {
1659         mode = NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS;
1660     }
1661     if (!has_granularity) {
1662         granularity = 0;
1663     }
1664     if (!has_buf_size) {
1665         buf_size = DEFAULT_MIRROR_BUF_SIZE;
1666     }
1667 
1668     if (granularity != 0 && (granularity < 512 || granularity > 1048576 * 64)) {
1669         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER, device);
1670         return;
1671     }
1672     if (granularity & (granularity - 1)) {
1673         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER, device);
1674         return;
1675     }
1676 
1677     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1678     if (!bs) {
1679         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1680         return;
1681     }
1682 
1683     if (!bdrv_is_inserted(bs)) {
1684         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
1685         return;
1686     }
1687 
1688     if (!has_format) {
1689         format = mode == NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING ? NULL : bs->drv->format_name;
1690     }
1691     if (format) {
1692         drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
1693         if (!drv) {
1694             error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT, format);
1695             return;
1696         }
1697     }
1698 
1699     if (bdrv_in_use(bs)) {
1700         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
1701         return;
1702     }
1703 
1704     flags = bs->open_flags | BDRV_O_RDWR;
1705     source = bs->backing_hd;
1706     if (!source && sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_TOP) {
1707         sync = MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL;
1708     }
1709 
1710     size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
1711     if (size < 0) {
1712         error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "bdrv_getlength failed");
1713         return;
1714     }
1715 
1716     if (sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL && mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING) {
1717         /* create new image w/o backing file */
1718         assert(format && drv);
1719         bdrv_img_create(target, format,
1720                         NULL, NULL, NULL, size, flags, &local_err, false);
1721     } else {
1722         switch (mode) {
1723         case NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING:
1724             ret = 0;
1725             break;
1726         case NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS:
1727             /* create new image with backing file */
1728             bdrv_img_create(target, format,
1729                             source->filename,
1730                             source->drv->format_name,
1731                             NULL, size, flags, &local_err, false);
1732             break;
1733         default:
1734             abort();
1735         }
1736     }
1737 
1738     if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1739         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1740         return;
1741     }
1742 
1743     /* Mirroring takes care of copy-on-write using the source's backing
1744      * file.
1745      */
1746     target_bs = bdrv_new("");
1747     ret = bdrv_open(target_bs, target, NULL, flags | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, drv);
1748     if (ret < 0) {
1749         bdrv_delete(target_bs);
1750         error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, target);
1751         return;
1752     }
1753 
1754     mirror_start(bs, target_bs, speed, granularity, buf_size, sync,
1755                  on_source_error, on_target_error,
1756                  block_job_cb, bs, &local_err);
1757     if (local_err != NULL) {
1758         bdrv_delete(target_bs);
1759         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1760         return;
1761     }
1762 
1763     /* Grab a reference so hotplug does not delete the BlockDriverState from
1764      * underneath us.
1765      */
1766     drive_get_ref(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
1767 }
1768 
1769 static BlockJob *find_block_job(const char *device)
1770 {
1771     BlockDriverState *bs;
1772 
1773     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1774     if (!bs || !bs->job) {
1775         return NULL;
1776     }
1777     return bs->job;
1778 }
1779 
1780 void qmp_block_job_set_speed(const char *device, int64_t speed, Error **errp)
1781 {
1782     BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device);
1783 
1784     if (!job) {
1785         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_NOT_ACTIVE, device);
1786         return;
1787     }
1788 
1789     block_job_set_speed(job, speed, errp);
1790 }
1791 
1792 void qmp_block_job_cancel(const char *device,
1793                           bool has_force, bool force, Error **errp)
1794 {
1795     BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device);
1796 
1797     if (!has_force) {
1798         force = false;
1799     }
1800 
1801     if (!job) {
1802         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_NOT_ACTIVE, device);
1803         return;
1804     }
1805     if (job->paused && !force) {
1806         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_PAUSED, device);
1807         return;
1808     }
1809 
1810     trace_qmp_block_job_cancel(job);
1811     block_job_cancel(job);
1812 }
1813 
1814 void qmp_block_job_pause(const char *device, Error **errp)
1815 {
1816     BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device);
1817 
1818     if (!job) {
1819         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_NOT_ACTIVE, device);
1820         return;
1821     }
1822 
1823     trace_qmp_block_job_pause(job);
1824     block_job_pause(job);
1825 }
1826 
1827 void qmp_block_job_resume(const char *device, Error **errp)
1828 {
1829     BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device);
1830 
1831     if (!job) {
1832         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_NOT_ACTIVE, device);
1833         return;
1834     }
1835 
1836     trace_qmp_block_job_resume(job);
1837     block_job_resume(job);
1838 }
1839 
1840 void qmp_block_job_complete(const char *device, Error **errp)
1841 {
1842     BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device);
1843 
1844     if (!job) {
1845         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_NOT_ACTIVE, device);
1846         return;
1847     }
1848 
1849     trace_qmp_block_job_complete(job);
1850     block_job_complete(job, errp);
1851 }
1852 
1853 static void do_qmp_query_block_jobs_one(void *opaque, BlockDriverState *bs)
1854 {
1855     BlockJobInfoList **prev = opaque;
1856     BlockJob *job = bs->job;
1857 
1858     if (job) {
1859         BlockJobInfoList *elem = g_new0(BlockJobInfoList, 1);
1860         elem->value = block_job_query(bs->job);
1861         (*prev)->next = elem;
1862         *prev = elem;
1863     }
1864 }
1865 
1866 BlockJobInfoList *qmp_query_block_jobs(Error **errp)
1867 {
1868     /* Dummy is a fake list element for holding the head pointer */
1869     BlockJobInfoList dummy = {};
1870     BlockJobInfoList *prev = &dummy;
1871     bdrv_iterate(do_qmp_query_block_jobs_one, &prev);
1872     return dummy.next;
1873 }
1874 
1875 QemuOptsList qemu_common_drive_opts = {
1876     .name = "drive",
1877     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_common_drive_opts.head),
1878     .desc = {
1879         {
1880             .name = "bus",
1881             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1882             .help = "bus number",
1883         },{
1884             .name = "unit",
1885             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1886             .help = "unit number (i.e. lun for scsi)",
1887         },{
1888             .name = "if",
1889             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1890             .help = "interface (ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio)",
1891         },{
1892             .name = "index",
1893             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1894             .help = "index number",
1895         },{
1896             .name = "cyls",
1897             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1898             .help = "number of cylinders (ide disk geometry)",
1899         },{
1900             .name = "heads",
1901             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1902             .help = "number of heads (ide disk geometry)",
1903         },{
1904             .name = "secs",
1905             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1906             .help = "number of sectors (ide disk geometry)",
1907         },{
1908             .name = "trans",
1909             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1910             .help = "chs translation (auto, lba. none)",
1911         },{
1912             .name = "media",
1913             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1914             .help = "media type (disk, cdrom)",
1915         },{
1916             .name = "snapshot",
1917             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1918             .help = "enable/disable snapshot mode",
1919         },{
1920             .name = "file",
1921             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1922             .help = "disk image",
1923         },{
1924             .name = "discard",
1925             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1926             .help = "discard operation (ignore/off, unmap/on)",
1927         },{
1928             .name = "cache.writeback",
1929             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1930             .help = "enables writeback mode for any caches",
1931         },{
1932             .name = "cache.direct",
1933             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1934             .help = "enables use of O_DIRECT (bypass the host page cache)",
1935         },{
1936             .name = "cache.no-flush",
1937             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1938             .help = "ignore any flush requests for the device",
1939         },{
1940             .name = "aio",
1941             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1942             .help = "host AIO implementation (threads, native)",
1943         },{
1944             .name = "format",
1945             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1946             .help = "disk format (raw, qcow2, ...)",
1947         },{
1948             .name = "serial",
1949             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1950             .help = "disk serial number",
1951         },{
1952             .name = "rerror",
1953             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1954             .help = "read error action",
1955         },{
1956             .name = "werror",
1957             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1958             .help = "write error action",
1959         },{
1960             .name = "addr",
1961             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1962             .help = "pci address (virtio only)",
1963         },{
1964             .name = "read-only",
1965             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1966             .help = "open drive file as read-only",
1967         },{
1968             .name = "throttling.iops-total",
1969             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1970             .help = "limit total I/O operations per second",
1971         },{
1972             .name = "throttling.iops-read",
1973             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1974             .help = "limit read operations per second",
1975         },{
1976             .name = "throttling.iops-write",
1977             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1978             .help = "limit write operations per second",
1979         },{
1980             .name = "throttling.bps-total",
1981             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1982             .help = "limit total bytes per second",
1983         },{
1984             .name = "throttling.bps-read",
1985             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1986             .help = "limit read bytes per second",
1987         },{
1988             .name = "throttling.bps-write",
1989             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1990             .help = "limit write bytes per second",
1991         },{
1992             .name = "copy-on-read",
1993             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1994             .help = "copy read data from backing file into image file",
1995         },{
1996             .name = "boot",
1997             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1998             .help = "(deprecated, ignored)",
1999         },
2000         { /* end of list */ }
2001     },
2002 };
2003 
2004 QemuOptsList qemu_old_drive_opts = {
2005     .name = "drive",
2006     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_old_drive_opts.head),
2007     .desc = {
2008         {
2009             .name = "bus",
2010             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2011             .help = "bus number",
2012         },{
2013             .name = "unit",
2014             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2015             .help = "unit number (i.e. lun for scsi)",
2016         },{
2017             .name = "if",
2018             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2019             .help = "interface (ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio)",
2020         },{
2021             .name = "index",
2022             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2023             .help = "index number",
2024         },{
2025             .name = "cyls",
2026             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2027             .help = "number of cylinders (ide disk geometry)",
2028         },{
2029             .name = "heads",
2030             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2031             .help = "number of heads (ide disk geometry)",
2032         },{
2033             .name = "secs",
2034             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2035             .help = "number of sectors (ide disk geometry)",
2036         },{
2037             .name = "trans",
2038             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2039             .help = "chs translation (auto, lba. none)",
2040         },{
2041             .name = "media",
2042             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2043             .help = "media type (disk, cdrom)",
2044         },{
2045             .name = "snapshot",
2046             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2047             .help = "enable/disable snapshot mode",
2048         },{
2049             .name = "file",
2050             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2051             .help = "disk image",
2052         },{
2053             .name = "discard",
2054             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2055             .help = "discard operation (ignore/off, unmap/on)",
2056         },{
2057             .name = "cache",
2058             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2059             .help = "host cache usage (none, writeback, writethrough, "
2060                     "directsync, unsafe)",
2061         },{
2062             .name = "aio",
2063             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2064             .help = "host AIO implementation (threads, native)",
2065         },{
2066             .name = "format",
2067             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2068             .help = "disk format (raw, qcow2, ...)",
2069         },{
2070             .name = "serial",
2071             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2072             .help = "disk serial number",
2073         },{
2074             .name = "rerror",
2075             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2076             .help = "read error action",
2077         },{
2078             .name = "werror",
2079             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2080             .help = "write error action",
2081         },{
2082             .name = "addr",
2083             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2084             .help = "pci address (virtio only)",
2085         },{
2086             .name = "readonly",
2087             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2088             .help = "open drive file as read-only",
2089         },{
2090             .name = "iops",
2091             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2092             .help = "limit total I/O operations per second",
2093         },{
2094             .name = "iops_rd",
2095             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2096             .help = "limit read operations per second",
2097         },{
2098             .name = "iops_wr",
2099             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2100             .help = "limit write operations per second",
2101         },{
2102             .name = "bps",
2103             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2104             .help = "limit total bytes per second",
2105         },{
2106             .name = "bps_rd",
2107             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2108             .help = "limit read bytes per second",
2109         },{
2110             .name = "bps_wr",
2111             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2112             .help = "limit write bytes per second",
2113         },{
2114             .name = "copy-on-read",
2115             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2116             .help = "copy read data from backing file into image file",
2117         },{
2118             .name = "boot",
2119             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2120             .help = "(deprecated, ignored)",
2121         },
2122         { /* end of list */ }
2123     },
2124 };
2125 
2126 QemuOptsList qemu_drive_opts = {
2127     .name = "drive",
2128     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_drive_opts.head),
2129     .desc = {
2130         /*
2131          * no elements => accept any params
2132          * validation will happen later
2133          */
2134         { /* end of list */ }
2135     },
2136 };
2137