xref: /openbmc/qemu/block/vmdk.c (revision 63785678)
1 /*
2  * Block driver for the VMDK format
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 Fabrice Bellard
5  * Copyright (c) 2005 Filip Navara
6  *
7  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
8  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
9  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
10  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
11  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
12  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13  *
14  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
15  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16  *
17  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
18  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
19  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
20  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
21  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
22  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
23  * THE SOFTWARE.
24  */
25 
26 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
27 #include "qapi/error.h"
28 #include "block/block_int.h"
29 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
30 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
31 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
32 #include "qemu/module.h"
33 #include "migration/migration.h"
34 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
35 #include <zlib.h>
36 #include <glib.h>
37 
38 #define VMDK3_MAGIC (('C' << 24) | ('O' << 16) | ('W' << 8) | 'D')
39 #define VMDK4_MAGIC (('K' << 24) | ('D' << 16) | ('M' << 8) | 'V')
40 #define VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE 1
41 #define VMDK4_FLAG_NL_DETECT (1 << 0)
42 #define VMDK4_FLAG_RGD (1 << 1)
43 /* Zeroed-grain enable bit */
44 #define VMDK4_FLAG_ZERO_GRAIN   (1 << 2)
45 #define VMDK4_FLAG_COMPRESS (1 << 16)
46 #define VMDK4_FLAG_MARKER (1 << 17)
47 #define VMDK4_GD_AT_END 0xffffffffffffffffULL
48 
49 #define VMDK_GTE_ZEROED 0x1
50 
51 /* VMDK internal error codes */
52 #define VMDK_OK      0
53 #define VMDK_ERROR   (-1)
54 /* Cluster not allocated */
55 #define VMDK_UNALLOC (-2)
56 #define VMDK_ZEROED  (-3)
57 
58 #define BLOCK_OPT_ZEROED_GRAIN "zeroed_grain"
59 
60 typedef struct {
61     uint32_t version;
62     uint32_t flags;
63     uint32_t disk_sectors;
64     uint32_t granularity;
65     uint32_t l1dir_offset;
66     uint32_t l1dir_size;
67     uint32_t file_sectors;
68     uint32_t cylinders;
69     uint32_t heads;
70     uint32_t sectors_per_track;
71 } QEMU_PACKED VMDK3Header;
72 
73 typedef struct {
74     uint32_t version;
75     uint32_t flags;
76     uint64_t capacity;
77     uint64_t granularity;
78     uint64_t desc_offset;
79     uint64_t desc_size;
80     /* Number of GrainTableEntries per GrainTable */
81     uint32_t num_gtes_per_gt;
82     uint64_t rgd_offset;
83     uint64_t gd_offset;
84     uint64_t grain_offset;
85     char filler[1];
86     char check_bytes[4];
87     uint16_t compressAlgorithm;
88 } QEMU_PACKED VMDK4Header;
89 
90 #define L2_CACHE_SIZE 16
91 
92 typedef struct VmdkExtent {
93     BdrvChild *file;
94     bool flat;
95     bool compressed;
96     bool has_marker;
97     bool has_zero_grain;
98     int version;
99     int64_t sectors;
100     int64_t end_sector;
101     int64_t flat_start_offset;
102     int64_t l1_table_offset;
103     int64_t l1_backup_table_offset;
104     uint32_t *l1_table;
105     uint32_t *l1_backup_table;
106     unsigned int l1_size;
107     uint32_t l1_entry_sectors;
108 
109     unsigned int l2_size;
110     uint32_t *l2_cache;
111     uint32_t l2_cache_offsets[L2_CACHE_SIZE];
112     uint32_t l2_cache_counts[L2_CACHE_SIZE];
113 
114     int64_t cluster_sectors;
115     int64_t next_cluster_sector;
116     char *type;
117 } VmdkExtent;
118 
119 typedef struct BDRVVmdkState {
120     CoMutex lock;
121     uint64_t desc_offset;
122     bool cid_updated;
123     bool cid_checked;
124     uint32_t cid;
125     uint32_t parent_cid;
126     int num_extents;
127     /* Extent array with num_extents entries, ascend ordered by address */
128     VmdkExtent *extents;
129     Error *migration_blocker;
130     char *create_type;
131 } BDRVVmdkState;
132 
133 typedef struct VmdkMetaData {
134     unsigned int l1_index;
135     unsigned int l2_index;
136     unsigned int l2_offset;
137     int valid;
138     uint32_t *l2_cache_entry;
139 } VmdkMetaData;
140 
141 typedef struct VmdkGrainMarker {
142     uint64_t lba;
143     uint32_t size;
144     uint8_t  data[0];
145 } QEMU_PACKED VmdkGrainMarker;
146 
147 enum {
148     MARKER_END_OF_STREAM    = 0,
149     MARKER_GRAIN_TABLE      = 1,
150     MARKER_GRAIN_DIRECTORY  = 2,
151     MARKER_FOOTER           = 3,
152 };
153 
154 static int vmdk_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
155 {
156     uint32_t magic;
157 
158     if (buf_size < 4) {
159         return 0;
160     }
161     magic = be32_to_cpu(*(uint32_t *)buf);
162     if (magic == VMDK3_MAGIC ||
163         magic == VMDK4_MAGIC) {
164         return 100;
165     } else {
166         const char *p = (const char *)buf;
167         const char *end = p + buf_size;
168         while (p < end) {
169             if (*p == '#') {
170                 /* skip comment line */
171                 while (p < end && *p != '\n') {
172                     p++;
173                 }
174                 p++;
175                 continue;
176             }
177             if (*p == ' ') {
178                 while (p < end && *p == ' ') {
179                     p++;
180                 }
181                 /* skip '\r' if windows line endings used. */
182                 if (p < end && *p == '\r') {
183                     p++;
184                 }
185                 /* only accept blank lines before 'version=' line */
186                 if (p == end || *p != '\n') {
187                     return 0;
188                 }
189                 p++;
190                 continue;
191             }
192             if (end - p >= strlen("version=X\n")) {
193                 if (strncmp("version=1\n", p, strlen("version=1\n")) == 0 ||
194                     strncmp("version=2\n", p, strlen("version=2\n")) == 0) {
195                     return 100;
196                 }
197             }
198             if (end - p >= strlen("version=X\r\n")) {
199                 if (strncmp("version=1\r\n", p, strlen("version=1\r\n")) == 0 ||
200                     strncmp("version=2\r\n", p, strlen("version=2\r\n")) == 0) {
201                     return 100;
202                 }
203             }
204             return 0;
205         }
206         return 0;
207     }
208 }
209 
210 #define SECTOR_SIZE 512
211 #define DESC_SIZE (20 * SECTOR_SIZE)    /* 20 sectors of 512 bytes each */
212 #define BUF_SIZE 4096
213 #define HEADER_SIZE 512                 /* first sector of 512 bytes */
214 
215 static void vmdk_free_extents(BlockDriverState *bs)
216 {
217     int i;
218     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
219     VmdkExtent *e;
220 
221     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
222         e = &s->extents[i];
223         g_free(e->l1_table);
224         g_free(e->l2_cache);
225         g_free(e->l1_backup_table);
226         g_free(e->type);
227         if (e->file != bs->file) {
228             bdrv_unref_child(bs, e->file);
229         }
230     }
231     g_free(s->extents);
232 }
233 
234 static void vmdk_free_last_extent(BlockDriverState *bs)
235 {
236     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
237 
238     if (s->num_extents == 0) {
239         return;
240     }
241     s->num_extents--;
242     s->extents = g_renew(VmdkExtent, s->extents, s->num_extents);
243 }
244 
245 static uint32_t vmdk_read_cid(BlockDriverState *bs, int parent)
246 {
247     char *desc;
248     uint32_t cid = 0xffffffff;
249     const char *p_name, *cid_str;
250     size_t cid_str_size;
251     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
252     int ret;
253 
254     desc = g_malloc0(DESC_SIZE);
255     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file->bs, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE);
256     if (ret < 0) {
257         g_free(desc);
258         return 0;
259     }
260 
261     if (parent) {
262         cid_str = "parentCID";
263         cid_str_size = sizeof("parentCID");
264     } else {
265         cid_str = "CID";
266         cid_str_size = sizeof("CID");
267     }
268 
269     desc[DESC_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
270     p_name = strstr(desc, cid_str);
271     if (p_name != NULL) {
272         p_name += cid_str_size;
273         sscanf(p_name, "%" SCNx32, &cid);
274     }
275 
276     g_free(desc);
277     return cid;
278 }
279 
280 static int vmdk_write_cid(BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t cid)
281 {
282     char *desc, *tmp_desc;
283     char *p_name, *tmp_str;
284     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
285     int ret = 0;
286 
287     desc = g_malloc0(DESC_SIZE);
288     tmp_desc = g_malloc0(DESC_SIZE);
289     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file->bs, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE);
290     if (ret < 0) {
291         goto out;
292     }
293 
294     desc[DESC_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
295     tmp_str = strstr(desc, "parentCID");
296     if (tmp_str == NULL) {
297         ret = -EINVAL;
298         goto out;
299     }
300 
301     pstrcpy(tmp_desc, DESC_SIZE, tmp_str);
302     p_name = strstr(desc, "CID");
303     if (p_name != NULL) {
304         p_name += sizeof("CID");
305         snprintf(p_name, DESC_SIZE - (p_name - desc), "%" PRIx32 "\n", cid);
306         pstrcat(desc, DESC_SIZE, tmp_desc);
307     }
308 
309     ret = bdrv_pwrite_sync(bs->file->bs, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE);
310 
311 out:
312     g_free(desc);
313     g_free(tmp_desc);
314     return ret;
315 }
316 
317 static int vmdk_is_cid_valid(BlockDriverState *bs)
318 {
319     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
320     uint32_t cur_pcid;
321 
322     if (!s->cid_checked && bs->backing) {
323         BlockDriverState *p_bs = bs->backing->bs;
324 
325         cur_pcid = vmdk_read_cid(p_bs, 0);
326         if (s->parent_cid != cur_pcid) {
327             /* CID not valid */
328             return 0;
329         }
330     }
331     s->cid_checked = true;
332     /* CID valid */
333     return 1;
334 }
335 
336 /* We have nothing to do for VMDK reopen, stubs just return success */
337 static int vmdk_reopen_prepare(BDRVReopenState *state,
338                                BlockReopenQueue *queue, Error **errp)
339 {
340     assert(state != NULL);
341     assert(state->bs != NULL);
342     return 0;
343 }
344 
345 static int vmdk_parent_open(BlockDriverState *bs)
346 {
347     char *p_name;
348     char *desc;
349     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
350     int ret;
351 
352     desc = g_malloc0(DESC_SIZE + 1);
353     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file->bs, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE);
354     if (ret < 0) {
355         goto out;
356     }
357     ret = 0;
358 
359     p_name = strstr(desc, "parentFileNameHint");
360     if (p_name != NULL) {
361         char *end_name;
362 
363         p_name += sizeof("parentFileNameHint") + 1;
364         end_name = strchr(p_name, '\"');
365         if (end_name == NULL) {
366             ret = -EINVAL;
367             goto out;
368         }
369         if ((end_name - p_name) > sizeof(bs->backing_file) - 1) {
370             ret = -EINVAL;
371             goto out;
372         }
373 
374         pstrcpy(bs->backing_file, end_name - p_name + 1, p_name);
375     }
376 
377 out:
378     g_free(desc);
379     return ret;
380 }
381 
382 /* Create and append extent to the extent array. Return the added VmdkExtent
383  * address. return NULL if allocation failed. */
384 static int vmdk_add_extent(BlockDriverState *bs,
385                            BdrvChild *file, bool flat, int64_t sectors,
386                            int64_t l1_offset, int64_t l1_backup_offset,
387                            uint32_t l1_size,
388                            int l2_size, uint64_t cluster_sectors,
389                            VmdkExtent **new_extent,
390                            Error **errp)
391 {
392     VmdkExtent *extent;
393     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
394     int64_t nb_sectors;
395 
396     if (cluster_sectors > 0x200000) {
397         /* 0x200000 * 512Bytes = 1GB for one cluster is unrealistic */
398         error_setg(errp, "Invalid granularity, image may be corrupt");
399         return -EFBIG;
400     }
401     if (l1_size > 512 * 1024 * 1024) {
402         /* Although with big capacity and small l1_entry_sectors, we can get a
403          * big l1_size, we don't want unbounded value to allocate the table.
404          * Limit it to 512M, which is 16PB for default cluster and L2 table
405          * size */
406         error_setg(errp, "L1 size too big");
407         return -EFBIG;
408     }
409 
410     nb_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(file->bs);
411     if (nb_sectors < 0) {
412         return nb_sectors;
413     }
414 
415     s->extents = g_renew(VmdkExtent, s->extents, s->num_extents + 1);
416     extent = &s->extents[s->num_extents];
417     s->num_extents++;
418 
419     memset(extent, 0, sizeof(VmdkExtent));
420     extent->file = file;
421     extent->flat = flat;
422     extent->sectors = sectors;
423     extent->l1_table_offset = l1_offset;
424     extent->l1_backup_table_offset = l1_backup_offset;
425     extent->l1_size = l1_size;
426     extent->l1_entry_sectors = l2_size * cluster_sectors;
427     extent->l2_size = l2_size;
428     extent->cluster_sectors = flat ? sectors : cluster_sectors;
429     extent->next_cluster_sector = ROUND_UP(nb_sectors, cluster_sectors);
430 
431     if (s->num_extents > 1) {
432         extent->end_sector = (*(extent - 1)).end_sector + extent->sectors;
433     } else {
434         extent->end_sector = extent->sectors;
435     }
436     bs->total_sectors = extent->end_sector;
437     if (new_extent) {
438         *new_extent = extent;
439     }
440     return 0;
441 }
442 
443 static int vmdk_init_tables(BlockDriverState *bs, VmdkExtent *extent,
444                             Error **errp)
445 {
446     int ret;
447     size_t l1_size;
448     int i;
449 
450     /* read the L1 table */
451     l1_size = extent->l1_size * sizeof(uint32_t);
452     extent->l1_table = g_try_malloc(l1_size);
453     if (l1_size && extent->l1_table == NULL) {
454         return -ENOMEM;
455     }
456 
457     ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file->bs,
458                      extent->l1_table_offset,
459                      extent->l1_table,
460                      l1_size);
461     if (ret < 0) {
462         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
463                          "Could not read l1 table from extent '%s'",
464                          extent->file->bs->filename);
465         goto fail_l1;
466     }
467     for (i = 0; i < extent->l1_size; i++) {
468         le32_to_cpus(&extent->l1_table[i]);
469     }
470 
471     if (extent->l1_backup_table_offset) {
472         extent->l1_backup_table = g_try_malloc(l1_size);
473         if (l1_size && extent->l1_backup_table == NULL) {
474             ret = -ENOMEM;
475             goto fail_l1;
476         }
477         ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file->bs,
478                          extent->l1_backup_table_offset,
479                          extent->l1_backup_table,
480                          l1_size);
481         if (ret < 0) {
482             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
483                              "Could not read l1 backup table from extent '%s'",
484                              extent->file->bs->filename);
485             goto fail_l1b;
486         }
487         for (i = 0; i < extent->l1_size; i++) {
488             le32_to_cpus(&extent->l1_backup_table[i]);
489         }
490     }
491 
492     extent->l2_cache =
493         g_new(uint32_t, extent->l2_size * L2_CACHE_SIZE);
494     return 0;
495  fail_l1b:
496     g_free(extent->l1_backup_table);
497  fail_l1:
498     g_free(extent->l1_table);
499     return ret;
500 }
501 
502 static int vmdk_open_vmfs_sparse(BlockDriverState *bs,
503                                  BdrvChild *file,
504                                  int flags, Error **errp)
505 {
506     int ret;
507     uint32_t magic;
508     VMDK3Header header;
509     VmdkExtent *extent;
510 
511     ret = bdrv_pread(file->bs, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header));
512     if (ret < 0) {
513         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
514                          "Could not read header from file '%s'",
515                          file->bs->filename);
516         return ret;
517     }
518     ret = vmdk_add_extent(bs, file, false,
519                           le32_to_cpu(header.disk_sectors),
520                           (int64_t)le32_to_cpu(header.l1dir_offset) << 9,
521                           0,
522                           le32_to_cpu(header.l1dir_size),
523                           4096,
524                           le32_to_cpu(header.granularity),
525                           &extent,
526                           errp);
527     if (ret < 0) {
528         return ret;
529     }
530     ret = vmdk_init_tables(bs, extent, errp);
531     if (ret) {
532         /* free extent allocated by vmdk_add_extent */
533         vmdk_free_last_extent(bs);
534     }
535     return ret;
536 }
537 
538 static int vmdk_open_desc_file(BlockDriverState *bs, int flags, char *buf,
539                                QDict *options, Error **errp);
540 
541 static char *vmdk_read_desc(BlockDriverState *file, uint64_t desc_offset,
542                             Error **errp)
543 {
544     int64_t size;
545     char *buf;
546     int ret;
547 
548     size = bdrv_getlength(file);
549     if (size < 0) {
550         error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "Could not access file");
551         return NULL;
552     }
553 
554     if (size < 4) {
555         /* Both descriptor file and sparse image must be much larger than 4
556          * bytes, also callers of vmdk_read_desc want to compare the first 4
557          * bytes with VMDK4_MAGIC, let's error out if less is read. */
558         error_setg(errp, "File is too small, not a valid image");
559         return NULL;
560     }
561 
562     size = MIN(size, (1 << 20) - 1);  /* avoid unbounded allocation */
563     buf = g_malloc(size + 1);
564 
565     ret = bdrv_pread(file, desc_offset, buf, size);
566     if (ret < 0) {
567         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not read from file");
568         g_free(buf);
569         return NULL;
570     }
571     buf[ret] = 0;
572 
573     return buf;
574 }
575 
576 static int vmdk_open_vmdk4(BlockDriverState *bs,
577                            BdrvChild *file,
578                            int flags, QDict *options, Error **errp)
579 {
580     int ret;
581     uint32_t magic;
582     uint32_t l1_size, l1_entry_sectors;
583     VMDK4Header header;
584     VmdkExtent *extent;
585     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
586     int64_t l1_backup_offset = 0;
587     bool compressed;
588 
589     ret = bdrv_pread(file->bs, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header));
590     if (ret < 0) {
591         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
592                          "Could not read header from file '%s'",
593                          file->bs->filename);
594         return -EINVAL;
595     }
596     if (header.capacity == 0) {
597         uint64_t desc_offset = le64_to_cpu(header.desc_offset);
598         if (desc_offset) {
599             char *buf = vmdk_read_desc(file->bs, desc_offset << 9, errp);
600             if (!buf) {
601                 return -EINVAL;
602             }
603             ret = vmdk_open_desc_file(bs, flags, buf, options, errp);
604             g_free(buf);
605             return ret;
606         }
607     }
608 
609     if (!s->create_type) {
610         s->create_type = g_strdup("monolithicSparse");
611     }
612 
613     if (le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) == VMDK4_GD_AT_END) {
614         /*
615          * The footer takes precedence over the header, so read it in. The
616          * footer starts at offset -1024 from the end: One sector for the
617          * footer, and another one for the end-of-stream marker.
618          */
619         struct {
620             struct {
621                 uint64_t val;
622                 uint32_t size;
623                 uint32_t type;
624                 uint8_t pad[512 - 16];
625             } QEMU_PACKED footer_marker;
626 
627             uint32_t magic;
628             VMDK4Header header;
629             uint8_t pad[512 - 4 - sizeof(VMDK4Header)];
630 
631             struct {
632                 uint64_t val;
633                 uint32_t size;
634                 uint32_t type;
635                 uint8_t pad[512 - 16];
636             } QEMU_PACKED eos_marker;
637         } QEMU_PACKED footer;
638 
639         ret = bdrv_pread(file->bs,
640             bs->file->bs->total_sectors * 512 - 1536,
641             &footer, sizeof(footer));
642         if (ret < 0) {
643             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to read footer");
644             return ret;
645         }
646 
647         /* Some sanity checks for the footer */
648         if (be32_to_cpu(footer.magic) != VMDK4_MAGIC ||
649             le32_to_cpu(footer.footer_marker.size) != 0  ||
650             le32_to_cpu(footer.footer_marker.type) != MARKER_FOOTER ||
651             le64_to_cpu(footer.eos_marker.val) != 0  ||
652             le32_to_cpu(footer.eos_marker.size) != 0  ||
653             le32_to_cpu(footer.eos_marker.type) != MARKER_END_OF_STREAM)
654         {
655             error_setg(errp, "Invalid footer");
656             return -EINVAL;
657         }
658 
659         header = footer.header;
660     }
661 
662     compressed =
663         le16_to_cpu(header.compressAlgorithm) == VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE;
664     if (le32_to_cpu(header.version) > 3) {
665         error_setg(errp, "Unsupported VMDK version %" PRIu32,
666                    le32_to_cpu(header.version));
667         return -ENOTSUP;
668     } else if (le32_to_cpu(header.version) == 3 && (flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) &&
669                !compressed) {
670         /* VMware KB 2064959 explains that version 3 added support for
671          * persistent changed block tracking (CBT), and backup software can
672          * read it as version=1 if it doesn't care about the changed area
673          * information. So we are safe to enable read only. */
674         error_setg(errp, "VMDK version 3 must be read only");
675         return -EINVAL;
676     }
677 
678     if (le32_to_cpu(header.num_gtes_per_gt) > 512) {
679         error_setg(errp, "L2 table size too big");
680         return -EINVAL;
681     }
682 
683     l1_entry_sectors = le32_to_cpu(header.num_gtes_per_gt)
684                         * le64_to_cpu(header.granularity);
685     if (l1_entry_sectors == 0) {
686         error_setg(errp, "L1 entry size is invalid");
687         return -EINVAL;
688     }
689     l1_size = (le64_to_cpu(header.capacity) + l1_entry_sectors - 1)
690                 / l1_entry_sectors;
691     if (le32_to_cpu(header.flags) & VMDK4_FLAG_RGD) {
692         l1_backup_offset = le64_to_cpu(header.rgd_offset) << 9;
693     }
694     if (bdrv_nb_sectors(file->bs) < le64_to_cpu(header.grain_offset)) {
695         error_setg(errp, "File truncated, expecting at least %" PRId64 " bytes",
696                    (int64_t)(le64_to_cpu(header.grain_offset)
697                              * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE));
698         return -EINVAL;
699     }
700 
701     ret = vmdk_add_extent(bs, file, false,
702                           le64_to_cpu(header.capacity),
703                           le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) << 9,
704                           l1_backup_offset,
705                           l1_size,
706                           le32_to_cpu(header.num_gtes_per_gt),
707                           le64_to_cpu(header.granularity),
708                           &extent,
709                           errp);
710     if (ret < 0) {
711         return ret;
712     }
713     extent->compressed =
714         le16_to_cpu(header.compressAlgorithm) == VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE;
715     if (extent->compressed) {
716         g_free(s->create_type);
717         s->create_type = g_strdup("streamOptimized");
718     }
719     extent->has_marker = le32_to_cpu(header.flags) & VMDK4_FLAG_MARKER;
720     extent->version = le32_to_cpu(header.version);
721     extent->has_zero_grain = le32_to_cpu(header.flags) & VMDK4_FLAG_ZERO_GRAIN;
722     ret = vmdk_init_tables(bs, extent, errp);
723     if (ret) {
724         /* free extent allocated by vmdk_add_extent */
725         vmdk_free_last_extent(bs);
726     }
727     return ret;
728 }
729 
730 /* find an option value out of descriptor file */
731 static int vmdk_parse_description(const char *desc, const char *opt_name,
732         char *buf, int buf_size)
733 {
734     char *opt_pos, *opt_end;
735     const char *end = desc + strlen(desc);
736 
737     opt_pos = strstr(desc, opt_name);
738     if (!opt_pos) {
739         return VMDK_ERROR;
740     }
741     /* Skip "=\"" following opt_name */
742     opt_pos += strlen(opt_name) + 2;
743     if (opt_pos >= end) {
744         return VMDK_ERROR;
745     }
746     opt_end = opt_pos;
747     while (opt_end < end && *opt_end != '"') {
748         opt_end++;
749     }
750     if (opt_end == end || buf_size < opt_end - opt_pos + 1) {
751         return VMDK_ERROR;
752     }
753     pstrcpy(buf, opt_end - opt_pos + 1, opt_pos);
754     return VMDK_OK;
755 }
756 
757 /* Open an extent file and append to bs array */
758 static int vmdk_open_sparse(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *file, int flags,
759                             char *buf, QDict *options, Error **errp)
760 {
761     uint32_t magic;
762 
763     magic = ldl_be_p(buf);
764     switch (magic) {
765         case VMDK3_MAGIC:
766             return vmdk_open_vmfs_sparse(bs, file, flags, errp);
767             break;
768         case VMDK4_MAGIC:
769             return vmdk_open_vmdk4(bs, file, flags, options, errp);
770             break;
771         default:
772             error_setg(errp, "Image not in VMDK format");
773             return -EINVAL;
774             break;
775     }
776 }
777 
778 static const char *next_line(const char *s)
779 {
780     while (*s) {
781         if (*s == '\n') {
782             return s + 1;
783         }
784         s++;
785     }
786     return s;
787 }
788 
789 static int vmdk_parse_extents(const char *desc, BlockDriverState *bs,
790                               const char *desc_file_path, QDict *options,
791                               Error **errp)
792 {
793     int ret;
794     int matches;
795     char access[11];
796     char type[11];
797     char fname[512];
798     const char *p, *np;
799     int64_t sectors = 0;
800     int64_t flat_offset;
801     char *extent_path;
802     BdrvChild *extent_file;
803     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
804     VmdkExtent *extent;
805     char extent_opt_prefix[32];
806     Error *local_err = NULL;
807 
808     for (p = desc; *p; p = next_line(p)) {
809         /* parse extent line in one of below formats:
810          *
811          * RW [size in sectors] FLAT "file-name.vmdk" OFFSET
812          * RW [size in sectors] SPARSE "file-name.vmdk"
813          * RW [size in sectors] VMFS "file-name.vmdk"
814          * RW [size in sectors] VMFSSPARSE "file-name.vmdk"
815          */
816         flat_offset = -1;
817         matches = sscanf(p, "%10s %" SCNd64 " %10s \"%511[^\n\r\"]\" %" SCNd64,
818                          access, &sectors, type, fname, &flat_offset);
819         if (matches < 4 || strcmp(access, "RW")) {
820             continue;
821         } else if (!strcmp(type, "FLAT")) {
822             if (matches != 5 || flat_offset < 0) {
823                 goto invalid;
824             }
825         } else if (!strcmp(type, "VMFS")) {
826             if (matches == 4) {
827                 flat_offset = 0;
828             } else {
829                 goto invalid;
830             }
831         } else if (matches != 4) {
832             goto invalid;
833         }
834 
835         if (sectors <= 0 ||
836             (strcmp(type, "FLAT") && strcmp(type, "SPARSE") &&
837              strcmp(type, "VMFS") && strcmp(type, "VMFSSPARSE")) ||
838             (strcmp(access, "RW"))) {
839             continue;
840         }
841 
842         if (!path_is_absolute(fname) && !path_has_protocol(fname) &&
843             !desc_file_path[0])
844         {
845             error_setg(errp, "Cannot use relative extent paths with VMDK "
846                        "descriptor file '%s'", bs->file->bs->filename);
847             return -EINVAL;
848         }
849 
850         extent_path = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
851         path_combine(extent_path, PATH_MAX, desc_file_path, fname);
852 
853         ret = snprintf(extent_opt_prefix, 32, "extents.%d", s->num_extents);
854         assert(ret < 32);
855 
856         extent_file = bdrv_open_child(extent_path, options, extent_opt_prefix,
857                                       bs, &child_file, false, &local_err);
858         g_free(extent_path);
859         if (local_err) {
860             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
861             return -EINVAL;
862         }
863 
864         /* save to extents array */
865         if (!strcmp(type, "FLAT") || !strcmp(type, "VMFS")) {
866             /* FLAT extent */
867 
868             ret = vmdk_add_extent(bs, extent_file, true, sectors,
869                             0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &extent, errp);
870             if (ret < 0) {
871                 bdrv_unref_child(bs, extent_file);
872                 return ret;
873             }
874             extent->flat_start_offset = flat_offset << 9;
875         } else if (!strcmp(type, "SPARSE") || !strcmp(type, "VMFSSPARSE")) {
876             /* SPARSE extent and VMFSSPARSE extent are both "COWD" sparse file*/
877             char *buf = vmdk_read_desc(extent_file->bs, 0, errp);
878             if (!buf) {
879                 ret = -EINVAL;
880             } else {
881                 ret = vmdk_open_sparse(bs, extent_file, bs->open_flags, buf,
882                                        options, errp);
883             }
884             g_free(buf);
885             if (ret) {
886                 bdrv_unref_child(bs, extent_file);
887                 return ret;
888             }
889             extent = &s->extents[s->num_extents - 1];
890         } else {
891             error_setg(errp, "Unsupported extent type '%s'", type);
892             bdrv_unref_child(bs, extent_file);
893             return -ENOTSUP;
894         }
895         extent->type = g_strdup(type);
896     }
897     return 0;
898 
899 invalid:
900     np = next_line(p);
901     assert(np != p);
902     if (np[-1] == '\n') {
903         np--;
904     }
905     error_setg(errp, "Invalid extent line: %.*s", (int)(np - p), p);
906     return -EINVAL;
907 }
908 
909 static int vmdk_open_desc_file(BlockDriverState *bs, int flags, char *buf,
910                                QDict *options, Error **errp)
911 {
912     int ret;
913     char ct[128];
914     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
915 
916     if (vmdk_parse_description(buf, "createType", ct, sizeof(ct))) {
917         error_setg(errp, "invalid VMDK image descriptor");
918         ret = -EINVAL;
919         goto exit;
920     }
921     if (strcmp(ct, "monolithicFlat") &&
922         strcmp(ct, "vmfs") &&
923         strcmp(ct, "vmfsSparse") &&
924         strcmp(ct, "twoGbMaxExtentSparse") &&
925         strcmp(ct, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat")) {
926         error_setg(errp, "Unsupported image type '%s'", ct);
927         ret = -ENOTSUP;
928         goto exit;
929     }
930     s->create_type = g_strdup(ct);
931     s->desc_offset = 0;
932     ret = vmdk_parse_extents(buf, bs, bs->file->bs->exact_filename, options,
933                              errp);
934 exit:
935     return ret;
936 }
937 
938 static int vmdk_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
939                      Error **errp)
940 {
941     char *buf;
942     int ret;
943     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
944     uint32_t magic;
945 
946     buf = vmdk_read_desc(bs->file->bs, 0, errp);
947     if (!buf) {
948         return -EINVAL;
949     }
950 
951     magic = ldl_be_p(buf);
952     switch (magic) {
953         case VMDK3_MAGIC:
954         case VMDK4_MAGIC:
955             ret = vmdk_open_sparse(bs, bs->file, flags, buf, options,
956                                    errp);
957             s->desc_offset = 0x200;
958             break;
959         default:
960             ret = vmdk_open_desc_file(bs, flags, buf, options, errp);
961             break;
962     }
963     if (ret) {
964         goto fail;
965     }
966 
967     /* try to open parent images, if exist */
968     ret = vmdk_parent_open(bs);
969     if (ret) {
970         goto fail;
971     }
972     s->cid = vmdk_read_cid(bs, 0);
973     s->parent_cid = vmdk_read_cid(bs, 1);
974     qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
975 
976     /* Disable migration when VMDK images are used */
977     error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The vmdk format used by node '%s' "
978                "does not support live migration",
979                bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
980     migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
981     g_free(buf);
982     return 0;
983 
984 fail:
985     g_free(buf);
986     g_free(s->create_type);
987     s->create_type = NULL;
988     vmdk_free_extents(bs);
989     return ret;
990 }
991 
992 
993 static void vmdk_refresh_limits(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
994 {
995     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
996     int i;
997 
998     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
999         if (!s->extents[i].flat) {
1000             bs->bl.write_zeroes_alignment =
1001                 MAX(bs->bl.write_zeroes_alignment,
1002                     s->extents[i].cluster_sectors);
1003         }
1004     }
1005 }
1006 
1007 /**
1008  * get_whole_cluster
1009  *
1010  * Copy backing file's cluster that covers @sector_num, otherwise write zero,
1011  * to the cluster at @cluster_sector_num.
1012  *
1013  * If @skip_start_sector < @skip_end_sector, the relative range
1014  * [@skip_start_sector, @skip_end_sector) is not copied or written, and leave
1015  * it for call to write user data in the request.
1016  */
1017 static int get_whole_cluster(BlockDriverState *bs,
1018                              VmdkExtent *extent,
1019                              uint64_t cluster_sector_num,
1020                              uint64_t sector_num,
1021                              uint64_t skip_start_sector,
1022                              uint64_t skip_end_sector)
1023 {
1024     int ret = VMDK_OK;
1025     int64_t cluster_bytes;
1026     uint8_t *whole_grain;
1027 
1028     /* For COW, align request sector_num to cluster start */
1029     sector_num = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(sector_num, extent->cluster_sectors);
1030     cluster_bytes = extent->cluster_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1031     whole_grain = qemu_blockalign(bs, cluster_bytes);
1032 
1033     if (!bs->backing) {
1034         memset(whole_grain, 0,  skip_start_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1035         memset(whole_grain + (skip_end_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), 0,
1036                cluster_bytes - (skip_end_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS));
1037     }
1038 
1039     assert(skip_end_sector <= extent->cluster_sectors);
1040     /* we will be here if it's first write on non-exist grain(cluster).
1041      * try to read from parent image, if exist */
1042     if (bs->backing && !vmdk_is_cid_valid(bs)) {
1043         ret = VMDK_ERROR;
1044         goto exit;
1045     }
1046 
1047     /* Read backing data before skip range */
1048     if (skip_start_sector > 0) {
1049         if (bs->backing) {
1050             ret = bdrv_read(bs->backing->bs, sector_num,
1051                             whole_grain, skip_start_sector);
1052             if (ret < 0) {
1053                 ret = VMDK_ERROR;
1054                 goto exit;
1055             }
1056         }
1057         ret = bdrv_write(extent->file->bs, cluster_sector_num, whole_grain,
1058                          skip_start_sector);
1059         if (ret < 0) {
1060             ret = VMDK_ERROR;
1061             goto exit;
1062         }
1063     }
1064     /* Read backing data after skip range */
1065     if (skip_end_sector < extent->cluster_sectors) {
1066         if (bs->backing) {
1067             ret = bdrv_read(bs->backing->bs, sector_num + skip_end_sector,
1068                             whole_grain + (skip_end_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS),
1069                             extent->cluster_sectors - skip_end_sector);
1070             if (ret < 0) {
1071                 ret = VMDK_ERROR;
1072                 goto exit;
1073             }
1074         }
1075         ret = bdrv_write(extent->file->bs, cluster_sector_num + skip_end_sector,
1076                          whole_grain + (skip_end_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS),
1077                          extent->cluster_sectors - skip_end_sector);
1078         if (ret < 0) {
1079             ret = VMDK_ERROR;
1080             goto exit;
1081         }
1082     }
1083 
1084 exit:
1085     qemu_vfree(whole_grain);
1086     return ret;
1087 }
1088 
1089 static int vmdk_L2update(VmdkExtent *extent, VmdkMetaData *m_data,
1090                          uint32_t offset)
1091 {
1092     offset = cpu_to_le32(offset);
1093     /* update L2 table */
1094     if (bdrv_pwrite_sync(
1095                 extent->file->bs,
1096                 ((int64_t)m_data->l2_offset * 512)
1097                     + (m_data->l2_index * sizeof(offset)),
1098                 &offset, sizeof(offset)) < 0) {
1099         return VMDK_ERROR;
1100     }
1101     /* update backup L2 table */
1102     if (extent->l1_backup_table_offset != 0) {
1103         m_data->l2_offset = extent->l1_backup_table[m_data->l1_index];
1104         if (bdrv_pwrite_sync(
1105                     extent->file->bs,
1106                     ((int64_t)m_data->l2_offset * 512)
1107                         + (m_data->l2_index * sizeof(offset)),
1108                     &offset, sizeof(offset)) < 0) {
1109             return VMDK_ERROR;
1110         }
1111     }
1112     if (m_data->l2_cache_entry) {
1113         *m_data->l2_cache_entry = offset;
1114     }
1115 
1116     return VMDK_OK;
1117 }
1118 
1119 /**
1120  * get_cluster_offset
1121  *
1122  * Look up cluster offset in extent file by sector number, and store in
1123  * @cluster_offset.
1124  *
1125  * For flat extents, the start offset as parsed from the description file is
1126  * returned.
1127  *
1128  * For sparse extents, look up in L1, L2 table. If allocate is true, return an
1129  * offset for a new cluster and update L2 cache. If there is a backing file,
1130  * COW is done before returning; otherwise, zeroes are written to the allocated
1131  * cluster. Both COW and zero writing skips the sector range
1132  * [@skip_start_sector, @skip_end_sector) passed in by caller, because caller
1133  * has new data to write there.
1134  *
1135  * Returns: VMDK_OK if cluster exists and mapped in the image.
1136  *          VMDK_UNALLOC if cluster is not mapped and @allocate is false.
1137  *          VMDK_ERROR if failed.
1138  */
1139 static int get_cluster_offset(BlockDriverState *bs,
1140                               VmdkExtent *extent,
1141                               VmdkMetaData *m_data,
1142                               uint64_t offset,
1143                               bool allocate,
1144                               uint64_t *cluster_offset,
1145                               uint64_t skip_start_sector,
1146                               uint64_t skip_end_sector)
1147 {
1148     unsigned int l1_index, l2_offset, l2_index;
1149     int min_index, i, j;
1150     uint32_t min_count, *l2_table;
1151     bool zeroed = false;
1152     int64_t ret;
1153     int64_t cluster_sector;
1154 
1155     if (m_data) {
1156         m_data->valid = 0;
1157     }
1158     if (extent->flat) {
1159         *cluster_offset = extent->flat_start_offset;
1160         return VMDK_OK;
1161     }
1162 
1163     offset -= (extent->end_sector - extent->sectors) * SECTOR_SIZE;
1164     l1_index = (offset >> 9) / extent->l1_entry_sectors;
1165     if (l1_index >= extent->l1_size) {
1166         return VMDK_ERROR;
1167     }
1168     l2_offset = extent->l1_table[l1_index];
1169     if (!l2_offset) {
1170         return VMDK_UNALLOC;
1171     }
1172     for (i = 0; i < L2_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
1173         if (l2_offset == extent->l2_cache_offsets[i]) {
1174             /* increment the hit count */
1175             if (++extent->l2_cache_counts[i] == 0xffffffff) {
1176                 for (j = 0; j < L2_CACHE_SIZE; j++) {
1177                     extent->l2_cache_counts[j] >>= 1;
1178                 }
1179             }
1180             l2_table = extent->l2_cache + (i * extent->l2_size);
1181             goto found;
1182         }
1183     }
1184     /* not found: load a new entry in the least used one */
1185     min_index = 0;
1186     min_count = 0xffffffff;
1187     for (i = 0; i < L2_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
1188         if (extent->l2_cache_counts[i] < min_count) {
1189             min_count = extent->l2_cache_counts[i];
1190             min_index = i;
1191         }
1192     }
1193     l2_table = extent->l2_cache + (min_index * extent->l2_size);
1194     if (bdrv_pread(
1195                 extent->file->bs,
1196                 (int64_t)l2_offset * 512,
1197                 l2_table,
1198                 extent->l2_size * sizeof(uint32_t)
1199             ) != extent->l2_size * sizeof(uint32_t)) {
1200         return VMDK_ERROR;
1201     }
1202 
1203     extent->l2_cache_offsets[min_index] = l2_offset;
1204     extent->l2_cache_counts[min_index] = 1;
1205  found:
1206     l2_index = ((offset >> 9) / extent->cluster_sectors) % extent->l2_size;
1207     cluster_sector = le32_to_cpu(l2_table[l2_index]);
1208 
1209     if (m_data) {
1210         m_data->valid = 1;
1211         m_data->l1_index = l1_index;
1212         m_data->l2_index = l2_index;
1213         m_data->l2_offset = l2_offset;
1214         m_data->l2_cache_entry = &l2_table[l2_index];
1215     }
1216     if (extent->has_zero_grain && cluster_sector == VMDK_GTE_ZEROED) {
1217         zeroed = true;
1218     }
1219 
1220     if (!cluster_sector || zeroed) {
1221         if (!allocate) {
1222             return zeroed ? VMDK_ZEROED : VMDK_UNALLOC;
1223         }
1224 
1225         cluster_sector = extent->next_cluster_sector;
1226         extent->next_cluster_sector += extent->cluster_sectors;
1227 
1228         /* First of all we write grain itself, to avoid race condition
1229          * that may to corrupt the image.
1230          * This problem may occur because of insufficient space on host disk
1231          * or inappropriate VM shutdown.
1232          */
1233         ret = get_whole_cluster(bs, extent,
1234                                 cluster_sector,
1235                                 offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1236                                 skip_start_sector, skip_end_sector);
1237         if (ret) {
1238             return ret;
1239         }
1240     }
1241     *cluster_offset = cluster_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1242     return VMDK_OK;
1243 }
1244 
1245 static VmdkExtent *find_extent(BDRVVmdkState *s,
1246                                 int64_t sector_num, VmdkExtent *start_hint)
1247 {
1248     VmdkExtent *extent = start_hint;
1249 
1250     if (!extent) {
1251         extent = &s->extents[0];
1252     }
1253     while (extent < &s->extents[s->num_extents]) {
1254         if (sector_num < extent->end_sector) {
1255             return extent;
1256         }
1257         extent++;
1258     }
1259     return NULL;
1260 }
1261 
1262 static inline uint64_t vmdk_find_index_in_cluster(VmdkExtent *extent,
1263                                                   int64_t sector_num)
1264 {
1265     uint64_t index_in_cluster, extent_begin_sector, extent_relative_sector_num;
1266 
1267     extent_begin_sector = extent->end_sector - extent->sectors;
1268     extent_relative_sector_num = sector_num - extent_begin_sector;
1269     index_in_cluster = extent_relative_sector_num % extent->cluster_sectors;
1270     return index_in_cluster;
1271 }
1272 
1273 static int64_t coroutine_fn vmdk_co_get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs,
1274         int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, int *pnum, BlockDriverState **file)
1275 {
1276     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
1277     int64_t index_in_cluster, n, ret;
1278     uint64_t offset;
1279     VmdkExtent *extent;
1280 
1281     extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, NULL);
1282     if (!extent) {
1283         return 0;
1284     }
1285     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1286     ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, NULL,
1287                              sector_num * 512, false, &offset,
1288                              0, 0);
1289     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1290 
1291     index_in_cluster = vmdk_find_index_in_cluster(extent, sector_num);
1292     switch (ret) {
1293     case VMDK_ERROR:
1294         ret = -EIO;
1295         break;
1296     case VMDK_UNALLOC:
1297         ret = 0;
1298         break;
1299     case VMDK_ZEROED:
1300         ret = BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO;
1301         break;
1302     case VMDK_OK:
1303         ret = BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
1304         if (!extent->compressed) {
1305             ret |= BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID;
1306             ret |= (offset + (index_in_cluster << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS))
1307                     & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
1308         }
1309         *file = extent->file->bs;
1310         break;
1311     }
1312 
1313     n = extent->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster;
1314     if (n > nb_sectors) {
1315         n = nb_sectors;
1316     }
1317     *pnum = n;
1318     return ret;
1319 }
1320 
1321 static int vmdk_write_extent(VmdkExtent *extent, int64_t cluster_offset,
1322                             int64_t offset_in_cluster, const uint8_t *buf,
1323                             int nb_sectors, int64_t sector_num)
1324 {
1325     int ret;
1326     VmdkGrainMarker *data = NULL;
1327     uLongf buf_len;
1328     const uint8_t *write_buf = buf;
1329     int write_len = nb_sectors * 512;
1330     int64_t write_offset;
1331     int64_t write_end_sector;
1332 
1333     if (extent->compressed) {
1334         if (!extent->has_marker) {
1335             ret = -EINVAL;
1336             goto out;
1337         }
1338         buf_len = (extent->cluster_sectors << 9) * 2;
1339         data = g_malloc(buf_len + sizeof(VmdkGrainMarker));
1340         if (compress(data->data, &buf_len, buf, nb_sectors << 9) != Z_OK ||
1341                 buf_len == 0) {
1342             ret = -EINVAL;
1343             goto out;
1344         }
1345         data->lba = sector_num;
1346         data->size = buf_len;
1347         write_buf = (uint8_t *)data;
1348         write_len = buf_len + sizeof(VmdkGrainMarker);
1349     }
1350     write_offset = cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster,
1351     ret = bdrv_pwrite(extent->file->bs, write_offset, write_buf, write_len);
1352 
1353     write_end_sector = DIV_ROUND_UP(write_offset + write_len, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1354 
1355     if (extent->compressed) {
1356         extent->next_cluster_sector = write_end_sector;
1357     } else {
1358         extent->next_cluster_sector = MAX(extent->next_cluster_sector,
1359                                           write_end_sector);
1360     }
1361 
1362     if (ret != write_len) {
1363         ret = ret < 0 ? ret : -EIO;
1364         goto out;
1365     }
1366     ret = 0;
1367  out:
1368     g_free(data);
1369     return ret;
1370 }
1371 
1372 static int vmdk_read_extent(VmdkExtent *extent, int64_t cluster_offset,
1373                             int64_t offset_in_cluster, uint8_t *buf,
1374                             int nb_sectors)
1375 {
1376     int ret;
1377     int cluster_bytes, buf_bytes;
1378     uint8_t *cluster_buf, *compressed_data;
1379     uint8_t *uncomp_buf;
1380     uint32_t data_len;
1381     VmdkGrainMarker *marker;
1382     uLongf buf_len;
1383 
1384 
1385     if (!extent->compressed) {
1386         ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file->bs,
1387                           cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster,
1388                           buf, nb_sectors * 512);
1389         if (ret == nb_sectors * 512) {
1390             return 0;
1391         } else {
1392             return -EIO;
1393         }
1394     }
1395     cluster_bytes = extent->cluster_sectors * 512;
1396     /* Read two clusters in case GrainMarker + compressed data > one cluster */
1397     buf_bytes = cluster_bytes * 2;
1398     cluster_buf = g_malloc(buf_bytes);
1399     uncomp_buf = g_malloc(cluster_bytes);
1400     ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file->bs,
1401                 cluster_offset,
1402                 cluster_buf, buf_bytes);
1403     if (ret < 0) {
1404         goto out;
1405     }
1406     compressed_data = cluster_buf;
1407     buf_len = cluster_bytes;
1408     data_len = cluster_bytes;
1409     if (extent->has_marker) {
1410         marker = (VmdkGrainMarker *)cluster_buf;
1411         compressed_data = marker->data;
1412         data_len = le32_to_cpu(marker->size);
1413     }
1414     if (!data_len || data_len > buf_bytes) {
1415         ret = -EINVAL;
1416         goto out;
1417     }
1418     ret = uncompress(uncomp_buf, &buf_len, compressed_data, data_len);
1419     if (ret != Z_OK) {
1420         ret = -EINVAL;
1421         goto out;
1422 
1423     }
1424     if (offset_in_cluster < 0 ||
1425             offset_in_cluster + nb_sectors * 512 > buf_len) {
1426         ret = -EINVAL;
1427         goto out;
1428     }
1429     memcpy(buf, uncomp_buf + offset_in_cluster, nb_sectors * 512);
1430     ret = 0;
1431 
1432  out:
1433     g_free(uncomp_buf);
1434     g_free(cluster_buf);
1435     return ret;
1436 }
1437 
1438 static int vmdk_read(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
1439                     uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors)
1440 {
1441     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
1442     int ret;
1443     uint64_t n, index_in_cluster;
1444     VmdkExtent *extent = NULL;
1445     uint64_t cluster_offset;
1446 
1447     while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1448         extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, extent);
1449         if (!extent) {
1450             return -EIO;
1451         }
1452         ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, NULL,
1453                                  sector_num << 9, false, &cluster_offset,
1454                                  0, 0);
1455         index_in_cluster = vmdk_find_index_in_cluster(extent, sector_num);
1456         n = extent->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster;
1457         if (n > nb_sectors) {
1458             n = nb_sectors;
1459         }
1460         if (ret != VMDK_OK) {
1461             /* if not allocated, try to read from parent image, if exist */
1462             if (bs->backing && ret != VMDK_ZEROED) {
1463                 if (!vmdk_is_cid_valid(bs)) {
1464                     return -EINVAL;
1465                 }
1466                 ret = bdrv_read(bs->backing->bs, sector_num, buf, n);
1467                 if (ret < 0) {
1468                     return ret;
1469                 }
1470             } else {
1471                 memset(buf, 0, 512 * n);
1472             }
1473         } else {
1474             ret = vmdk_read_extent(extent,
1475                             cluster_offset, index_in_cluster * 512,
1476                             buf, n);
1477             if (ret) {
1478                 return ret;
1479             }
1480         }
1481         nb_sectors -= n;
1482         sector_num += n;
1483         buf += n * 512;
1484     }
1485     return 0;
1486 }
1487 
1488 static coroutine_fn int vmdk_co_read(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
1489                                      uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors)
1490 {
1491     int ret;
1492     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
1493     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1494     ret = vmdk_read(bs, sector_num, buf, nb_sectors);
1495     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1496     return ret;
1497 }
1498 
1499 /**
1500  * vmdk_write:
1501  * @zeroed:       buf is ignored (data is zero), use zeroed_grain GTE feature
1502  *                if possible, otherwise return -ENOTSUP.
1503  * @zero_dry_run: used for zeroed == true only, don't update L2 table, just try
1504  *                with each cluster. By dry run we can find if the zero write
1505  *                is possible without modifying image data.
1506  *
1507  * Returns: error code with 0 for success.
1508  */
1509 static int vmdk_write(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
1510                       const uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors,
1511                       bool zeroed, bool zero_dry_run)
1512 {
1513     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
1514     VmdkExtent *extent = NULL;
1515     int ret;
1516     int64_t index_in_cluster, n;
1517     uint64_t cluster_offset;
1518     VmdkMetaData m_data;
1519 
1520     if (sector_num > bs->total_sectors) {
1521         error_report("Wrong offset: sector_num=0x%" PRIx64
1522                      " total_sectors=0x%" PRIx64,
1523                      sector_num, bs->total_sectors);
1524         return -EIO;
1525     }
1526 
1527     while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1528         extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, extent);
1529         if (!extent) {
1530             return -EIO;
1531         }
1532         index_in_cluster = vmdk_find_index_in_cluster(extent, sector_num);
1533         n = extent->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster;
1534         if (n > nb_sectors) {
1535             n = nb_sectors;
1536         }
1537         ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, &m_data, sector_num << 9,
1538                                  !(extent->compressed || zeroed),
1539                                  &cluster_offset,
1540                                  index_in_cluster, index_in_cluster + n);
1541         if (extent->compressed) {
1542             if (ret == VMDK_OK) {
1543                 /* Refuse write to allocated cluster for streamOptimized */
1544                 error_report("Could not write to allocated cluster"
1545                               " for streamOptimized");
1546                 return -EIO;
1547             } else {
1548                 /* allocate */
1549                 ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, &m_data, sector_num << 9,
1550                                          true, &cluster_offset, 0, 0);
1551             }
1552         }
1553         if (ret == VMDK_ERROR) {
1554             return -EINVAL;
1555         }
1556         if (zeroed) {
1557             /* Do zeroed write, buf is ignored */
1558             if (extent->has_zero_grain &&
1559                     index_in_cluster == 0 &&
1560                     n >= extent->cluster_sectors) {
1561                 n = extent->cluster_sectors;
1562                 if (!zero_dry_run) {
1563                     /* update L2 tables */
1564                     if (vmdk_L2update(extent, &m_data, VMDK_GTE_ZEROED)
1565                             != VMDK_OK) {
1566                         return -EIO;
1567                     }
1568                 }
1569             } else {
1570                 return -ENOTSUP;
1571             }
1572         } else {
1573             ret = vmdk_write_extent(extent,
1574                             cluster_offset, index_in_cluster * 512,
1575                             buf, n, sector_num);
1576             if (ret) {
1577                 return ret;
1578             }
1579             if (m_data.valid) {
1580                 /* update L2 tables */
1581                 if (vmdk_L2update(extent, &m_data,
1582                                   cluster_offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)
1583                         != VMDK_OK) {
1584                     return -EIO;
1585                 }
1586             }
1587         }
1588         nb_sectors -= n;
1589         sector_num += n;
1590         buf += n * 512;
1591 
1592         /* update CID on the first write every time the virtual disk is
1593          * opened */
1594         if (!s->cid_updated) {
1595             ret = vmdk_write_cid(bs, g_random_int());
1596             if (ret < 0) {
1597                 return ret;
1598             }
1599             s->cid_updated = true;
1600         }
1601     }
1602     return 0;
1603 }
1604 
1605 static coroutine_fn int vmdk_co_write(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
1606                                       const uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors)
1607 {
1608     int ret;
1609     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
1610     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1611     ret = vmdk_write(bs, sector_num, buf, nb_sectors, false, false);
1612     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1613     return ret;
1614 }
1615 
1616 static int vmdk_write_compressed(BlockDriverState *bs,
1617                                  int64_t sector_num,
1618                                  const uint8_t *buf,
1619                                  int nb_sectors)
1620 {
1621     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
1622     if (s->num_extents == 1 && s->extents[0].compressed) {
1623         return vmdk_write(bs, sector_num, buf, nb_sectors, false, false);
1624     } else {
1625         return -ENOTSUP;
1626     }
1627 }
1628 
1629 static int coroutine_fn vmdk_co_write_zeroes(BlockDriverState *bs,
1630                                              int64_t sector_num,
1631                                              int nb_sectors,
1632                                              BdrvRequestFlags flags)
1633 {
1634     int ret;
1635     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
1636     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1637     /* write zeroes could fail if sectors not aligned to cluster, test it with
1638      * dry_run == true before really updating image */
1639     ret = vmdk_write(bs, sector_num, NULL, nb_sectors, true, true);
1640     if (!ret) {
1641         ret = vmdk_write(bs, sector_num, NULL, nb_sectors, true, false);
1642     }
1643     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1644     return ret;
1645 }
1646 
1647 static int vmdk_create_extent(const char *filename, int64_t filesize,
1648                               bool flat, bool compress, bool zeroed_grain,
1649                               QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1650 {
1651     int ret, i;
1652     BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
1653     VMDK4Header header;
1654     Error *local_err = NULL;
1655     uint32_t tmp, magic, grains, gd_sectors, gt_size, gt_count;
1656     uint32_t *gd_buf = NULL;
1657     int gd_buf_size;
1658 
1659     ret = bdrv_create_file(filename, opts, &local_err);
1660     if (ret < 0) {
1661         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1662         goto exit;
1663     }
1664 
1665     blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, NULL,
1666                        BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_CACHE_WB | BDRV_O_PROTOCOL,
1667                        &local_err);
1668     if (blk == NULL) {
1669         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1670         ret = -EIO;
1671         goto exit;
1672     }
1673 
1674     blk_set_allow_write_beyond_eof(blk, true);
1675 
1676     if (flat) {
1677         ret = blk_truncate(blk, filesize);
1678         if (ret < 0) {
1679             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not truncate file");
1680         }
1681         goto exit;
1682     }
1683     magic = cpu_to_be32(VMDK4_MAGIC);
1684     memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
1685     if (compress) {
1686         header.version = 3;
1687     } else if (zeroed_grain) {
1688         header.version = 2;
1689     } else {
1690         header.version = 1;
1691     }
1692     header.flags = VMDK4_FLAG_RGD | VMDK4_FLAG_NL_DETECT
1693                    | (compress ? VMDK4_FLAG_COMPRESS | VMDK4_FLAG_MARKER : 0)
1694                    | (zeroed_grain ? VMDK4_FLAG_ZERO_GRAIN : 0);
1695     header.compressAlgorithm = compress ? VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE : 0;
1696     header.capacity = filesize / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1697     header.granularity = 128;
1698     header.num_gtes_per_gt = BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1699 
1700     grains = DIV_ROUND_UP(filesize / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, header.granularity);
1701     gt_size = DIV_ROUND_UP(header.num_gtes_per_gt * sizeof(uint32_t),
1702                            BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1703     gt_count = DIV_ROUND_UP(grains, header.num_gtes_per_gt);
1704     gd_sectors = DIV_ROUND_UP(gt_count * sizeof(uint32_t), BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1705 
1706     header.desc_offset = 1;
1707     header.desc_size = 20;
1708     header.rgd_offset = header.desc_offset + header.desc_size;
1709     header.gd_offset = header.rgd_offset + gd_sectors + (gt_size * gt_count);
1710     header.grain_offset =
1711         ROUND_UP(header.gd_offset + gd_sectors + (gt_size * gt_count),
1712                  header.granularity);
1713     /* swap endianness for all header fields */
1714     header.version = cpu_to_le32(header.version);
1715     header.flags = cpu_to_le32(header.flags);
1716     header.capacity = cpu_to_le64(header.capacity);
1717     header.granularity = cpu_to_le64(header.granularity);
1718     header.num_gtes_per_gt = cpu_to_le32(header.num_gtes_per_gt);
1719     header.desc_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.desc_offset);
1720     header.desc_size = cpu_to_le64(header.desc_size);
1721     header.rgd_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.rgd_offset);
1722     header.gd_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.gd_offset);
1723     header.grain_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.grain_offset);
1724     header.compressAlgorithm = cpu_to_le16(header.compressAlgorithm);
1725 
1726     header.check_bytes[0] = 0xa;
1727     header.check_bytes[1] = 0x20;
1728     header.check_bytes[2] = 0xd;
1729     header.check_bytes[3] = 0xa;
1730 
1731     /* write all the data */
1732     ret = blk_pwrite(blk, 0, &magic, sizeof(magic));
1733     if (ret < 0) {
1734         error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
1735         goto exit;
1736     }
1737     ret = blk_pwrite(blk, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header));
1738     if (ret < 0) {
1739         error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
1740         goto exit;
1741     }
1742 
1743     ret = blk_truncate(blk, le64_to_cpu(header.grain_offset) << 9);
1744     if (ret < 0) {
1745         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not truncate file");
1746         goto exit;
1747     }
1748 
1749     /* write grain directory */
1750     gd_buf_size = gd_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1751     gd_buf = g_malloc0(gd_buf_size);
1752     for (i = 0, tmp = le64_to_cpu(header.rgd_offset) + gd_sectors;
1753          i < gt_count; i++, tmp += gt_size) {
1754         gd_buf[i] = cpu_to_le32(tmp);
1755     }
1756     ret = blk_pwrite(blk, le64_to_cpu(header.rgd_offset) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1757                      gd_buf, gd_buf_size);
1758     if (ret < 0) {
1759         error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
1760         goto exit;
1761     }
1762 
1763     /* write backup grain directory */
1764     for (i = 0, tmp = le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) + gd_sectors;
1765          i < gt_count; i++, tmp += gt_size) {
1766         gd_buf[i] = cpu_to_le32(tmp);
1767     }
1768     ret = blk_pwrite(blk, le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1769                      gd_buf, gd_buf_size);
1770     if (ret < 0) {
1771         error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
1772         goto exit;
1773     }
1774 
1775     ret = 0;
1776 exit:
1777     if (blk) {
1778         blk_unref(blk);
1779     }
1780     g_free(gd_buf);
1781     return ret;
1782 }
1783 
1784 static int filename_decompose(const char *filename, char *path, char *prefix,
1785                               char *postfix, size_t buf_len, Error **errp)
1786 {
1787     const char *p, *q;
1788 
1789     if (filename == NULL || !strlen(filename)) {
1790         error_setg(errp, "No filename provided");
1791         return VMDK_ERROR;
1792     }
1793     p = strrchr(filename, '/');
1794     if (p == NULL) {
1795         p = strrchr(filename, '\\');
1796     }
1797     if (p == NULL) {
1798         p = strrchr(filename, ':');
1799     }
1800     if (p != NULL) {
1801         p++;
1802         if (p - filename >= buf_len) {
1803             return VMDK_ERROR;
1804         }
1805         pstrcpy(path, p - filename + 1, filename);
1806     } else {
1807         p = filename;
1808         path[0] = '\0';
1809     }
1810     q = strrchr(p, '.');
1811     if (q == NULL) {
1812         pstrcpy(prefix, buf_len, p);
1813         postfix[0] = '\0';
1814     } else {
1815         if (q - p >= buf_len) {
1816             return VMDK_ERROR;
1817         }
1818         pstrcpy(prefix, q - p + 1, p);
1819         pstrcpy(postfix, buf_len, q);
1820     }
1821     return VMDK_OK;
1822 }
1823 
1824 static int vmdk_create(const char *filename, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1825 {
1826     int idx = 0;
1827     BlockBackend *new_blk = NULL;
1828     Error *local_err = NULL;
1829     char *desc = NULL;
1830     int64_t total_size = 0, filesize;
1831     char *adapter_type = NULL;
1832     char *backing_file = NULL;
1833     char *fmt = NULL;
1834     int flags = 0;
1835     int ret = 0;
1836     bool flat, split, compress;
1837     GString *ext_desc_lines;
1838     char *path = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
1839     char *prefix = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
1840     char *postfix = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
1841     char *desc_line = g_malloc0(BUF_SIZE);
1842     char *ext_filename = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
1843     char *desc_filename = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
1844     const int64_t split_size = 0x80000000;  /* VMDK has constant split size */
1845     const char *desc_extent_line;
1846     char *parent_desc_line = g_malloc0(BUF_SIZE);
1847     uint32_t parent_cid = 0xffffffff;
1848     uint32_t number_heads = 16;
1849     bool zeroed_grain = false;
1850     uint32_t desc_offset = 0, desc_len;
1851     const char desc_template[] =
1852         "# Disk DescriptorFile\n"
1853         "version=1\n"
1854         "CID=%" PRIx32 "\n"
1855         "parentCID=%" PRIx32 "\n"
1856         "createType=\"%s\"\n"
1857         "%s"
1858         "\n"
1859         "# Extent description\n"
1860         "%s"
1861         "\n"
1862         "# The Disk Data Base\n"
1863         "#DDB\n"
1864         "\n"
1865         "ddb.virtualHWVersion = \"%d\"\n"
1866         "ddb.geometry.cylinders = \"%" PRId64 "\"\n"
1867         "ddb.geometry.heads = \"%" PRIu32 "\"\n"
1868         "ddb.geometry.sectors = \"63\"\n"
1869         "ddb.adapterType = \"%s\"\n";
1870 
1871     ext_desc_lines = g_string_new(NULL);
1872 
1873     if (filename_decompose(filename, path, prefix, postfix, PATH_MAX, errp)) {
1874         ret = -EINVAL;
1875         goto exit;
1876     }
1877     /* Read out options */
1878     total_size = ROUND_UP(qemu_opt_get_size_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0),
1879                           BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1880     adapter_type = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ADAPTER_TYPE);
1881     backing_file = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
1882     if (qemu_opt_get_bool_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6, false)) {
1883         flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6;
1884     }
1885     fmt = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT);
1886     if (qemu_opt_get_bool_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ZEROED_GRAIN, false)) {
1887         zeroed_grain = true;
1888     }
1889 
1890     if (!adapter_type) {
1891         adapter_type = g_strdup("ide");
1892     } else if (strcmp(adapter_type, "ide") &&
1893                strcmp(adapter_type, "buslogic") &&
1894                strcmp(adapter_type, "lsilogic") &&
1895                strcmp(adapter_type, "legacyESX")) {
1896         error_setg(errp, "Unknown adapter type: '%s'", adapter_type);
1897         ret = -EINVAL;
1898         goto exit;
1899     }
1900     if (strcmp(adapter_type, "ide") != 0) {
1901         /* that's the number of heads with which vmware operates when
1902            creating, exporting, etc. vmdk files with a non-ide adapter type */
1903         number_heads = 255;
1904     }
1905     if (!fmt) {
1906         /* Default format to monolithicSparse */
1907         fmt = g_strdup("monolithicSparse");
1908     } else if (strcmp(fmt, "monolithicFlat") &&
1909                strcmp(fmt, "monolithicSparse") &&
1910                strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentSparse") &&
1911                strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat") &&
1912                strcmp(fmt, "streamOptimized")) {
1913         error_setg(errp, "Unknown subformat: '%s'", fmt);
1914         ret = -EINVAL;
1915         goto exit;
1916     }
1917     split = !(strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat") &&
1918               strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentSparse"));
1919     flat = !(strcmp(fmt, "monolithicFlat") &&
1920              strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat"));
1921     compress = !strcmp(fmt, "streamOptimized");
1922     if (flat) {
1923         desc_extent_line = "RW %" PRId64 " FLAT \"%s\" 0\n";
1924     } else {
1925         desc_extent_line = "RW %" PRId64 " SPARSE \"%s\"\n";
1926     }
1927     if (flat && backing_file) {
1928         error_setg(errp, "Flat image can't have backing file");
1929         ret = -ENOTSUP;
1930         goto exit;
1931     }
1932     if (flat && zeroed_grain) {
1933         error_setg(errp, "Flat image can't enable zeroed grain");
1934         ret = -ENOTSUP;
1935         goto exit;
1936     }
1937     if (backing_file) {
1938         BlockBackend *blk;
1939         char *full_backing = g_new0(char, PATH_MAX);
1940         bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(filename, backing_file,
1941                                                      full_backing, PATH_MAX,
1942                                                      &local_err);
1943         if (local_err) {
1944             g_free(full_backing);
1945             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1946             ret = -ENOENT;
1947             goto exit;
1948         }
1949 
1950         blk = blk_new_open(full_backing, NULL, NULL,
1951                            BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_CACHE_WB, errp);
1952         g_free(full_backing);
1953         if (blk == NULL) {
1954             ret = -EIO;
1955             goto exit;
1956         }
1957         if (strcmp(blk_bs(blk)->drv->format_name, "vmdk")) {
1958             blk_unref(blk);
1959             ret = -EINVAL;
1960             goto exit;
1961         }
1962         parent_cid = vmdk_read_cid(blk_bs(blk), 0);
1963         blk_unref(blk);
1964         snprintf(parent_desc_line, BUF_SIZE,
1965                 "parentFileNameHint=\"%s\"", backing_file);
1966     }
1967 
1968     /* Create extents */
1969     filesize = total_size;
1970     while (filesize > 0) {
1971         int64_t size = filesize;
1972 
1973         if (split && size > split_size) {
1974             size = split_size;
1975         }
1976         if (split) {
1977             snprintf(desc_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s-%c%03d%s",
1978                     prefix, flat ? 'f' : 's', ++idx, postfix);
1979         } else if (flat) {
1980             snprintf(desc_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s-flat%s", prefix, postfix);
1981         } else {
1982             snprintf(desc_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s%s", prefix, postfix);
1983         }
1984         snprintf(ext_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s%s", path, desc_filename);
1985 
1986         if (vmdk_create_extent(ext_filename, size,
1987                                flat, compress, zeroed_grain, opts, errp)) {
1988             ret = -EINVAL;
1989             goto exit;
1990         }
1991         filesize -= size;
1992 
1993         /* Format description line */
1994         snprintf(desc_line, BUF_SIZE,
1995                     desc_extent_line, size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, desc_filename);
1996         g_string_append(ext_desc_lines, desc_line);
1997     }
1998     /* generate descriptor file */
1999     desc = g_strdup_printf(desc_template,
2000                            g_random_int(),
2001                            parent_cid,
2002                            fmt,
2003                            parent_desc_line,
2004                            ext_desc_lines->str,
2005                            (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6 ? 6 : 4),
2006                            total_size /
2007                                (int64_t)(63 * number_heads * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE),
2008                            number_heads,
2009                            adapter_type);
2010     desc_len = strlen(desc);
2011     /* the descriptor offset = 0x200 */
2012     if (!split && !flat) {
2013         desc_offset = 0x200;
2014     } else {
2015         ret = bdrv_create_file(filename, opts, &local_err);
2016         if (ret < 0) {
2017             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2018             goto exit;
2019         }
2020     }
2021 
2022     new_blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, NULL,
2023                            BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_CACHE_WB | BDRV_O_PROTOCOL,
2024                            &local_err);
2025     if (new_blk == NULL) {
2026         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2027         ret = -EIO;
2028         goto exit;
2029     }
2030 
2031     blk_set_allow_write_beyond_eof(new_blk, true);
2032 
2033     ret = blk_pwrite(new_blk, desc_offset, desc, desc_len);
2034     if (ret < 0) {
2035         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not write description");
2036         goto exit;
2037     }
2038     /* bdrv_pwrite write padding zeros to align to sector, we don't need that
2039      * for description file */
2040     if (desc_offset == 0) {
2041         ret = blk_truncate(new_blk, desc_len);
2042         if (ret < 0) {
2043             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not truncate file");
2044         }
2045     }
2046 exit:
2047     if (new_blk) {
2048         blk_unref(new_blk);
2049     }
2050     g_free(adapter_type);
2051     g_free(backing_file);
2052     g_free(fmt);
2053     g_free(desc);
2054     g_free(path);
2055     g_free(prefix);
2056     g_free(postfix);
2057     g_free(desc_line);
2058     g_free(ext_filename);
2059     g_free(desc_filename);
2060     g_free(parent_desc_line);
2061     g_string_free(ext_desc_lines, true);
2062     return ret;
2063 }
2064 
2065 static void vmdk_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
2066 {
2067     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2068 
2069     vmdk_free_extents(bs);
2070     g_free(s->create_type);
2071 
2072     migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
2073     error_free(s->migration_blocker);
2074 }
2075 
2076 static coroutine_fn int vmdk_co_flush(BlockDriverState *bs)
2077 {
2078     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2079     int i, err;
2080     int ret = 0;
2081 
2082     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
2083         err = bdrv_co_flush(s->extents[i].file->bs);
2084         if (err < 0) {
2085             ret = err;
2086         }
2087     }
2088     return ret;
2089 }
2090 
2091 static int64_t vmdk_get_allocated_file_size(BlockDriverState *bs)
2092 {
2093     int i;
2094     int64_t ret = 0;
2095     int64_t r;
2096     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2097 
2098     ret = bdrv_get_allocated_file_size(bs->file->bs);
2099     if (ret < 0) {
2100         return ret;
2101     }
2102     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
2103         if (s->extents[i].file == bs->file) {
2104             continue;
2105         }
2106         r = bdrv_get_allocated_file_size(s->extents[i].file->bs);
2107         if (r < 0) {
2108             return r;
2109         }
2110         ret += r;
2111     }
2112     return ret;
2113 }
2114 
2115 static int vmdk_has_zero_init(BlockDriverState *bs)
2116 {
2117     int i;
2118     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2119 
2120     /* If has a flat extent and its underlying storage doesn't have zero init,
2121      * return 0. */
2122     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
2123         if (s->extents[i].flat) {
2124             if (!bdrv_has_zero_init(s->extents[i].file->bs)) {
2125                 return 0;
2126             }
2127         }
2128     }
2129     return 1;
2130 }
2131 
2132 static ImageInfo *vmdk_get_extent_info(VmdkExtent *extent)
2133 {
2134     ImageInfo *info = g_new0(ImageInfo, 1);
2135 
2136     *info = (ImageInfo){
2137         .filename         = g_strdup(extent->file->bs->filename),
2138         .format           = g_strdup(extent->type),
2139         .virtual_size     = extent->sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2140         .compressed       = extent->compressed,
2141         .has_compressed   = extent->compressed,
2142         .cluster_size     = extent->cluster_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2143         .has_cluster_size = !extent->flat,
2144     };
2145 
2146     return info;
2147 }
2148 
2149 static int vmdk_check(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *result,
2150                       BdrvCheckMode fix)
2151 {
2152     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2153     VmdkExtent *extent = NULL;
2154     int64_t sector_num = 0;
2155     int64_t total_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(bs);
2156     int ret;
2157     uint64_t cluster_offset;
2158 
2159     if (fix) {
2160         return -ENOTSUP;
2161     }
2162 
2163     for (;;) {
2164         if (sector_num >= total_sectors) {
2165             return 0;
2166         }
2167         extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, extent);
2168         if (!extent) {
2169             fprintf(stderr,
2170                     "ERROR: could not find extent for sector %" PRId64 "\n",
2171                     sector_num);
2172             break;
2173         }
2174         ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, NULL,
2175                                  sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2176                                  false, &cluster_offset, 0, 0);
2177         if (ret == VMDK_ERROR) {
2178             fprintf(stderr,
2179                     "ERROR: could not get cluster_offset for sector %"
2180                     PRId64 "\n", sector_num);
2181             break;
2182         }
2183         if (ret == VMDK_OK &&
2184             cluster_offset >= bdrv_getlength(extent->file->bs))
2185         {
2186             fprintf(stderr,
2187                     "ERROR: cluster offset for sector %"
2188                     PRId64 " points after EOF\n", sector_num);
2189             break;
2190         }
2191         sector_num += extent->cluster_sectors;
2192     }
2193 
2194     result->corruptions++;
2195     return 0;
2196 }
2197 
2198 static ImageInfoSpecific *vmdk_get_specific_info(BlockDriverState *bs)
2199 {
2200     int i;
2201     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2202     ImageInfoSpecific *spec_info = g_new0(ImageInfoSpecific, 1);
2203     ImageInfoList **next;
2204 
2205     *spec_info = (ImageInfoSpecific){
2206         .type = IMAGE_INFO_SPECIFIC_KIND_VMDK,
2207         .u = {
2208             .vmdk.data = g_new0(ImageInfoSpecificVmdk, 1),
2209         },
2210     };
2211 
2212     *spec_info->u.vmdk.data = (ImageInfoSpecificVmdk) {
2213         .create_type = g_strdup(s->create_type),
2214         .cid = s->cid,
2215         .parent_cid = s->parent_cid,
2216     };
2217 
2218     next = &spec_info->u.vmdk.data->extents;
2219     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
2220         *next = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2221         (*next)->value = vmdk_get_extent_info(&s->extents[i]);
2222         (*next)->next = NULL;
2223         next = &(*next)->next;
2224     }
2225 
2226     return spec_info;
2227 }
2228 
2229 static bool vmdk_extents_type_eq(const VmdkExtent *a, const VmdkExtent *b)
2230 {
2231     return a->flat == b->flat &&
2232            a->compressed == b->compressed &&
2233            (a->flat || a->cluster_sectors == b->cluster_sectors);
2234 }
2235 
2236 static int vmdk_get_info(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverInfo *bdi)
2237 {
2238     int i;
2239     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2240     assert(s->num_extents);
2241 
2242     /* See if we have multiple extents but they have different cases */
2243     for (i = 1; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
2244         if (!vmdk_extents_type_eq(&s->extents[0], &s->extents[i])) {
2245             return -ENOTSUP;
2246         }
2247     }
2248     bdi->needs_compressed_writes = s->extents[0].compressed;
2249     if (!s->extents[0].flat) {
2250         bdi->cluster_size = s->extents[0].cluster_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2251     }
2252     return 0;
2253 }
2254 
2255 static void vmdk_detach_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs)
2256 {
2257     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2258     int i;
2259 
2260     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
2261         bdrv_detach_aio_context(s->extents[i].file->bs);
2262     }
2263 }
2264 
2265 static void vmdk_attach_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs,
2266                                     AioContext *new_context)
2267 {
2268     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2269     int i;
2270 
2271     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
2272         bdrv_attach_aio_context(s->extents[i].file->bs, new_context);
2273     }
2274 }
2275 
2276 static QemuOptsList vmdk_create_opts = {
2277     .name = "vmdk-create-opts",
2278     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(vmdk_create_opts.head),
2279     .desc = {
2280         {
2281             .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
2282             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
2283             .help = "Virtual disk size"
2284         },
2285         {
2286             .name = BLOCK_OPT_ADAPTER_TYPE,
2287             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2288             .help = "Virtual adapter type, can be one of "
2289                     "ide (default), lsilogic, buslogic or legacyESX"
2290         },
2291         {
2292             .name = BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE,
2293             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2294             .help = "File name of a base image"
2295         },
2296         {
2297             .name = BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6,
2298             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2299             .help = "VMDK version 6 image",
2300             .def_value_str = "off"
2301         },
2302         {
2303             .name = BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT,
2304             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2305             .help =
2306                 "VMDK flat extent format, can be one of "
2307                 "{monolithicSparse (default) | monolithicFlat | twoGbMaxExtentSparse | twoGbMaxExtentFlat | streamOptimized} "
2308         },
2309         {
2310             .name = BLOCK_OPT_ZEROED_GRAIN,
2311             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2312             .help = "Enable efficient zero writes "
2313                     "using the zeroed-grain GTE feature"
2314         },
2315         { /* end of list */ }
2316     }
2317 };
2318 
2319 static BlockDriver bdrv_vmdk = {
2320     .format_name                  = "vmdk",
2321     .instance_size                = sizeof(BDRVVmdkState),
2322     .bdrv_probe                   = vmdk_probe,
2323     .bdrv_open                    = vmdk_open,
2324     .bdrv_check                   = vmdk_check,
2325     .bdrv_reopen_prepare          = vmdk_reopen_prepare,
2326     .bdrv_read                    = vmdk_co_read,
2327     .bdrv_write                   = vmdk_co_write,
2328     .bdrv_write_compressed        = vmdk_write_compressed,
2329     .bdrv_co_write_zeroes         = vmdk_co_write_zeroes,
2330     .bdrv_close                   = vmdk_close,
2331     .bdrv_create                  = vmdk_create,
2332     .bdrv_co_flush_to_disk        = vmdk_co_flush,
2333     .bdrv_co_get_block_status     = vmdk_co_get_block_status,
2334     .bdrv_get_allocated_file_size = vmdk_get_allocated_file_size,
2335     .bdrv_has_zero_init           = vmdk_has_zero_init,
2336     .bdrv_get_specific_info       = vmdk_get_specific_info,
2337     .bdrv_refresh_limits          = vmdk_refresh_limits,
2338     .bdrv_get_info                = vmdk_get_info,
2339     .bdrv_detach_aio_context      = vmdk_detach_aio_context,
2340     .bdrv_attach_aio_context      = vmdk_attach_aio_context,
2341 
2342     .supports_backing             = true,
2343     .create_opts                  = &vmdk_create_opts,
2344 };
2345 
2346 static void bdrv_vmdk_init(void)
2347 {
2348     bdrv_register(&bdrv_vmdk);
2349 }
2350 
2351 block_init(bdrv_vmdk_init);
2352