xref: /openbmc/qemu/block/vmdk.c (revision 3979fca4)
1 /*
2  * Block driver for the VMDK format
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 Fabrice Bellard
5  * Copyright (c) 2005 Filip Navara
6  *
7  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
8  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
9  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
10  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
11  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
12  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13  *
14  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
15  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16  *
17  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
18  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
19  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
20  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
21  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
22  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
23  * THE SOFTWARE.
24  */
25 
26 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
27 #include "qapi/error.h"
28 #include "block/block_int.h"
29 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
30 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
31 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
32 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
33 #include "qemu/module.h"
34 #include "qemu/option.h"
35 #include "qemu/bswap.h"
36 #include "migration/blocker.h"
37 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
38 #include <zlib.h>
39 
40 #define VMDK3_MAGIC (('C' << 24) | ('O' << 16) | ('W' << 8) | 'D')
41 #define VMDK4_MAGIC (('K' << 24) | ('D' << 16) | ('M' << 8) | 'V')
42 #define VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE 1
43 #define VMDK4_FLAG_NL_DETECT (1 << 0)
44 #define VMDK4_FLAG_RGD (1 << 1)
45 /* Zeroed-grain enable bit */
46 #define VMDK4_FLAG_ZERO_GRAIN   (1 << 2)
47 #define VMDK4_FLAG_COMPRESS (1 << 16)
48 #define VMDK4_FLAG_MARKER (1 << 17)
49 #define VMDK4_GD_AT_END 0xffffffffffffffffULL
50 
51 #define VMDK_EXTENT_MAX_SECTORS (1ULL << 32)
52 
53 #define VMDK_GTE_ZEROED 0x1
54 
55 /* VMDK internal error codes */
56 #define VMDK_OK      0
57 #define VMDK_ERROR   (-1)
58 /* Cluster not allocated */
59 #define VMDK_UNALLOC (-2)
60 #define VMDK_ZEROED  (-3)
61 
62 #define BLOCK_OPT_ZEROED_GRAIN "zeroed_grain"
63 
64 typedef struct {
65     uint32_t version;
66     uint32_t flags;
67     uint32_t disk_sectors;
68     uint32_t granularity;
69     uint32_t l1dir_offset;
70     uint32_t l1dir_size;
71     uint32_t file_sectors;
72     uint32_t cylinders;
73     uint32_t heads;
74     uint32_t sectors_per_track;
75 } QEMU_PACKED VMDK3Header;
76 
77 typedef struct {
78     uint32_t version;
79     uint32_t flags;
80     uint64_t capacity;
81     uint64_t granularity;
82     uint64_t desc_offset;
83     uint64_t desc_size;
84     /* Number of GrainTableEntries per GrainTable */
85     uint32_t num_gtes_per_gt;
86     uint64_t rgd_offset;
87     uint64_t gd_offset;
88     uint64_t grain_offset;
89     char filler[1];
90     char check_bytes[4];
91     uint16_t compressAlgorithm;
92 } QEMU_PACKED VMDK4Header;
93 
94 #define L2_CACHE_SIZE 16
95 
96 typedef struct VmdkExtent {
97     BdrvChild *file;
98     bool flat;
99     bool compressed;
100     bool has_marker;
101     bool has_zero_grain;
102     int version;
103     int64_t sectors;
104     int64_t end_sector;
105     int64_t flat_start_offset;
106     int64_t l1_table_offset;
107     int64_t l1_backup_table_offset;
108     uint32_t *l1_table;
109     uint32_t *l1_backup_table;
110     unsigned int l1_size;
111     uint32_t l1_entry_sectors;
112 
113     unsigned int l2_size;
114     uint32_t *l2_cache;
115     uint32_t l2_cache_offsets[L2_CACHE_SIZE];
116     uint32_t l2_cache_counts[L2_CACHE_SIZE];
117 
118     int64_t cluster_sectors;
119     int64_t next_cluster_sector;
120     char *type;
121 } VmdkExtent;
122 
123 typedef struct BDRVVmdkState {
124     CoMutex lock;
125     uint64_t desc_offset;
126     bool cid_updated;
127     bool cid_checked;
128     uint32_t cid;
129     uint32_t parent_cid;
130     int num_extents;
131     /* Extent array with num_extents entries, ascend ordered by address */
132     VmdkExtent *extents;
133     Error *migration_blocker;
134     char *create_type;
135 } BDRVVmdkState;
136 
137 typedef struct VmdkMetaData {
138     unsigned int l1_index;
139     unsigned int l2_index;
140     unsigned int l2_offset;
141     int valid;
142     uint32_t *l2_cache_entry;
143 } VmdkMetaData;
144 
145 typedef struct VmdkGrainMarker {
146     uint64_t lba;
147     uint32_t size;
148     uint8_t  data[0];
149 } QEMU_PACKED VmdkGrainMarker;
150 
151 enum {
152     MARKER_END_OF_STREAM    = 0,
153     MARKER_GRAIN_TABLE      = 1,
154     MARKER_GRAIN_DIRECTORY  = 2,
155     MARKER_FOOTER           = 3,
156 };
157 
158 static int vmdk_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
159 {
160     uint32_t magic;
161 
162     if (buf_size < 4) {
163         return 0;
164     }
165     magic = be32_to_cpu(*(uint32_t *)buf);
166     if (magic == VMDK3_MAGIC ||
167         magic == VMDK4_MAGIC) {
168         return 100;
169     } else {
170         const char *p = (const char *)buf;
171         const char *end = p + buf_size;
172         while (p < end) {
173             if (*p == '#') {
174                 /* skip comment line */
175                 while (p < end && *p != '\n') {
176                     p++;
177                 }
178                 p++;
179                 continue;
180             }
181             if (*p == ' ') {
182                 while (p < end && *p == ' ') {
183                     p++;
184                 }
185                 /* skip '\r' if windows line endings used. */
186                 if (p < end && *p == '\r') {
187                     p++;
188                 }
189                 /* only accept blank lines before 'version=' line */
190                 if (p == end || *p != '\n') {
191                     return 0;
192                 }
193                 p++;
194                 continue;
195             }
196             if (end - p >= strlen("version=X\n")) {
197                 if (strncmp("version=1\n", p, strlen("version=1\n")) == 0 ||
198                     strncmp("version=2\n", p, strlen("version=2\n")) == 0 ||
199                     strncmp("version=3\n", p, strlen("version=3\n")) == 0) {
200                     return 100;
201                 }
202             }
203             if (end - p >= strlen("version=X\r\n")) {
204                 if (strncmp("version=1\r\n", p, strlen("version=1\r\n")) == 0 ||
205                     strncmp("version=2\r\n", p, strlen("version=2\r\n")) == 0 ||
206                     strncmp("version=3\r\n", p, strlen("version=3\r\n")) == 0) {
207                     return 100;
208                 }
209             }
210             return 0;
211         }
212         return 0;
213     }
214 }
215 
216 #define SECTOR_SIZE 512
217 #define DESC_SIZE (20 * SECTOR_SIZE)    /* 20 sectors of 512 bytes each */
218 #define BUF_SIZE 4096
219 #define HEADER_SIZE 512                 /* first sector of 512 bytes */
220 
221 static void vmdk_free_extents(BlockDriverState *bs)
222 {
223     int i;
224     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
225     VmdkExtent *e;
226 
227     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
228         e = &s->extents[i];
229         g_free(e->l1_table);
230         g_free(e->l2_cache);
231         g_free(e->l1_backup_table);
232         g_free(e->type);
233         if (e->file != bs->file) {
234             bdrv_unref_child(bs, e->file);
235         }
236     }
237     g_free(s->extents);
238 }
239 
240 static void vmdk_free_last_extent(BlockDriverState *bs)
241 {
242     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
243 
244     if (s->num_extents == 0) {
245         return;
246     }
247     s->num_extents--;
248     s->extents = g_renew(VmdkExtent, s->extents, s->num_extents);
249 }
250 
251 /* Return -ve errno, or 0 on success and write CID into *pcid. */
252 static int vmdk_read_cid(BlockDriverState *bs, int parent, uint32_t *pcid)
253 {
254     char *desc;
255     uint32_t cid;
256     const char *p_name, *cid_str;
257     size_t cid_str_size;
258     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
259     int ret;
260 
261     desc = g_malloc0(DESC_SIZE);
262     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE);
263     if (ret < 0) {
264         goto out;
265     }
266 
267     if (parent) {
268         cid_str = "parentCID";
269         cid_str_size = sizeof("parentCID");
270     } else {
271         cid_str = "CID";
272         cid_str_size = sizeof("CID");
273     }
274 
275     desc[DESC_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
276     p_name = strstr(desc, cid_str);
277     if (p_name == NULL) {
278         ret = -EINVAL;
279         goto out;
280     }
281     p_name += cid_str_size;
282     if (sscanf(p_name, "%" SCNx32, &cid) != 1) {
283         ret = -EINVAL;
284         goto out;
285     }
286     *pcid = cid;
287     ret = 0;
288 
289 out:
290     g_free(desc);
291     return ret;
292 }
293 
294 static int vmdk_write_cid(BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t cid)
295 {
296     char *desc, *tmp_desc;
297     char *p_name, *tmp_str;
298     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
299     int ret = 0;
300 
301     desc = g_malloc0(DESC_SIZE);
302     tmp_desc = g_malloc0(DESC_SIZE);
303     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE);
304     if (ret < 0) {
305         goto out;
306     }
307 
308     desc[DESC_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
309     tmp_str = strstr(desc, "parentCID");
310     if (tmp_str == NULL) {
311         ret = -EINVAL;
312         goto out;
313     }
314 
315     pstrcpy(tmp_desc, DESC_SIZE, tmp_str);
316     p_name = strstr(desc, "CID");
317     if (p_name != NULL) {
318         p_name += sizeof("CID");
319         snprintf(p_name, DESC_SIZE - (p_name - desc), "%" PRIx32 "\n", cid);
320         pstrcat(desc, DESC_SIZE, tmp_desc);
321     }
322 
323     ret = bdrv_pwrite_sync(bs->file, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE);
324 
325 out:
326     g_free(desc);
327     g_free(tmp_desc);
328     return ret;
329 }
330 
331 static int vmdk_is_cid_valid(BlockDriverState *bs)
332 {
333     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
334     uint32_t cur_pcid;
335 
336     if (!s->cid_checked && bs->backing) {
337         BlockDriverState *p_bs = bs->backing->bs;
338 
339         if (strcmp(p_bs->drv->format_name, "vmdk")) {
340             /* Backing file is not in vmdk format, so it does not have
341              * a CID, which makes the overlay's parent CID invalid */
342             return 0;
343         }
344 
345         if (vmdk_read_cid(p_bs, 0, &cur_pcid) != 0) {
346             /* read failure: report as not valid */
347             return 0;
348         }
349         if (s->parent_cid != cur_pcid) {
350             /* CID not valid */
351             return 0;
352         }
353     }
354     s->cid_checked = true;
355     /* CID valid */
356     return 1;
357 }
358 
359 /* We have nothing to do for VMDK reopen, stubs just return success */
360 static int vmdk_reopen_prepare(BDRVReopenState *state,
361                                BlockReopenQueue *queue, Error **errp)
362 {
363     assert(state != NULL);
364     assert(state->bs != NULL);
365     return 0;
366 }
367 
368 static int vmdk_parent_open(BlockDriverState *bs)
369 {
370     char *p_name;
371     char *desc;
372     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
373     int ret;
374 
375     desc = g_malloc0(DESC_SIZE + 1);
376     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE);
377     if (ret < 0) {
378         goto out;
379     }
380     ret = 0;
381 
382     p_name = strstr(desc, "parentFileNameHint");
383     if (p_name != NULL) {
384         char *end_name;
385 
386         p_name += sizeof("parentFileNameHint") + 1;
387         end_name = strchr(p_name, '\"');
388         if (end_name == NULL) {
389             ret = -EINVAL;
390             goto out;
391         }
392         if ((end_name - p_name) > sizeof(bs->auto_backing_file) - 1) {
393             ret = -EINVAL;
394             goto out;
395         }
396 
397         pstrcpy(bs->auto_backing_file, end_name - p_name + 1, p_name);
398         pstrcpy(bs->backing_file, sizeof(bs->backing_file),
399                 bs->auto_backing_file);
400     }
401 
402 out:
403     g_free(desc);
404     return ret;
405 }
406 
407 /* Create and append extent to the extent array. Return the added VmdkExtent
408  * address. return NULL if allocation failed. */
409 static int vmdk_add_extent(BlockDriverState *bs,
410                            BdrvChild *file, bool flat, int64_t sectors,
411                            int64_t l1_offset, int64_t l1_backup_offset,
412                            uint32_t l1_size,
413                            int l2_size, uint64_t cluster_sectors,
414                            VmdkExtent **new_extent,
415                            Error **errp)
416 {
417     VmdkExtent *extent;
418     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
419     int64_t nb_sectors;
420 
421     if (cluster_sectors > 0x200000) {
422         /* 0x200000 * 512Bytes = 1GB for one cluster is unrealistic */
423         error_setg(errp, "Invalid granularity, image may be corrupt");
424         return -EFBIG;
425     }
426     if (l1_size > 512 * 1024 * 1024) {
427         /* Although with big capacity and small l1_entry_sectors, we can get a
428          * big l1_size, we don't want unbounded value to allocate the table.
429          * Limit it to 512M, which is 16PB for default cluster and L2 table
430          * size */
431         error_setg(errp, "L1 size too big");
432         return -EFBIG;
433     }
434 
435     nb_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(file->bs);
436     if (nb_sectors < 0) {
437         return nb_sectors;
438     }
439 
440     s->extents = g_renew(VmdkExtent, s->extents, s->num_extents + 1);
441     extent = &s->extents[s->num_extents];
442     s->num_extents++;
443 
444     memset(extent, 0, sizeof(VmdkExtent));
445     extent->file = file;
446     extent->flat = flat;
447     extent->sectors = sectors;
448     extent->l1_table_offset = l1_offset;
449     extent->l1_backup_table_offset = l1_backup_offset;
450     extent->l1_size = l1_size;
451     extent->l1_entry_sectors = l2_size * cluster_sectors;
452     extent->l2_size = l2_size;
453     extent->cluster_sectors = flat ? sectors : cluster_sectors;
454     extent->next_cluster_sector = ROUND_UP(nb_sectors, cluster_sectors);
455 
456     if (s->num_extents > 1) {
457         extent->end_sector = (*(extent - 1)).end_sector + extent->sectors;
458     } else {
459         extent->end_sector = extent->sectors;
460     }
461     bs->total_sectors = extent->end_sector;
462     if (new_extent) {
463         *new_extent = extent;
464     }
465     return 0;
466 }
467 
468 static int vmdk_init_tables(BlockDriverState *bs, VmdkExtent *extent,
469                             Error **errp)
470 {
471     int ret;
472     size_t l1_size;
473     int i;
474 
475     /* read the L1 table */
476     l1_size = extent->l1_size * sizeof(uint32_t);
477     extent->l1_table = g_try_malloc(l1_size);
478     if (l1_size && extent->l1_table == NULL) {
479         return -ENOMEM;
480     }
481 
482     ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file,
483                      extent->l1_table_offset,
484                      extent->l1_table,
485                      l1_size);
486     if (ret < 0) {
487         bdrv_refresh_filename(extent->file->bs);
488         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
489                          "Could not read l1 table from extent '%s'",
490                          extent->file->bs->filename);
491         goto fail_l1;
492     }
493     for (i = 0; i < extent->l1_size; i++) {
494         le32_to_cpus(&extent->l1_table[i]);
495     }
496 
497     if (extent->l1_backup_table_offset) {
498         extent->l1_backup_table = g_try_malloc(l1_size);
499         if (l1_size && extent->l1_backup_table == NULL) {
500             ret = -ENOMEM;
501             goto fail_l1;
502         }
503         ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file,
504                          extent->l1_backup_table_offset,
505                          extent->l1_backup_table,
506                          l1_size);
507         if (ret < 0) {
508             bdrv_refresh_filename(extent->file->bs);
509             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
510                              "Could not read l1 backup table from extent '%s'",
511                              extent->file->bs->filename);
512             goto fail_l1b;
513         }
514         for (i = 0; i < extent->l1_size; i++) {
515             le32_to_cpus(&extent->l1_backup_table[i]);
516         }
517     }
518 
519     extent->l2_cache =
520         g_new(uint32_t, extent->l2_size * L2_CACHE_SIZE);
521     return 0;
522  fail_l1b:
523     g_free(extent->l1_backup_table);
524  fail_l1:
525     g_free(extent->l1_table);
526     return ret;
527 }
528 
529 static int vmdk_open_vmfs_sparse(BlockDriverState *bs,
530                                  BdrvChild *file,
531                                  int flags, Error **errp)
532 {
533     int ret;
534     uint32_t magic;
535     VMDK3Header header;
536     VmdkExtent *extent;
537 
538     ret = bdrv_pread(file, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header));
539     if (ret < 0) {
540         bdrv_refresh_filename(file->bs);
541         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
542                          "Could not read header from file '%s'",
543                          file->bs->filename);
544         return ret;
545     }
546     ret = vmdk_add_extent(bs, file, false,
547                           le32_to_cpu(header.disk_sectors),
548                           (int64_t)le32_to_cpu(header.l1dir_offset) << 9,
549                           0,
550                           le32_to_cpu(header.l1dir_size),
551                           4096,
552                           le32_to_cpu(header.granularity),
553                           &extent,
554                           errp);
555     if (ret < 0) {
556         return ret;
557     }
558     ret = vmdk_init_tables(bs, extent, errp);
559     if (ret) {
560         /* free extent allocated by vmdk_add_extent */
561         vmdk_free_last_extent(bs);
562     }
563     return ret;
564 }
565 
566 static int vmdk_open_desc_file(BlockDriverState *bs, int flags, char *buf,
567                                QDict *options, Error **errp);
568 
569 static char *vmdk_read_desc(BdrvChild *file, uint64_t desc_offset, Error **errp)
570 {
571     int64_t size;
572     char *buf;
573     int ret;
574 
575     size = bdrv_getlength(file->bs);
576     if (size < 0) {
577         error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "Could not access file");
578         return NULL;
579     }
580 
581     if (size < 4) {
582         /* Both descriptor file and sparse image must be much larger than 4
583          * bytes, also callers of vmdk_read_desc want to compare the first 4
584          * bytes with VMDK4_MAGIC, let's error out if less is read. */
585         error_setg(errp, "File is too small, not a valid image");
586         return NULL;
587     }
588 
589     size = MIN(size, (1 << 20) - 1);  /* avoid unbounded allocation */
590     buf = g_malloc(size + 1);
591 
592     ret = bdrv_pread(file, desc_offset, buf, size);
593     if (ret < 0) {
594         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not read from file");
595         g_free(buf);
596         return NULL;
597     }
598     buf[ret] = 0;
599 
600     return buf;
601 }
602 
603 static int vmdk_open_vmdk4(BlockDriverState *bs,
604                            BdrvChild *file,
605                            int flags, QDict *options, Error **errp)
606 {
607     int ret;
608     uint32_t magic;
609     uint32_t l1_size, l1_entry_sectors;
610     VMDK4Header header;
611     VmdkExtent *extent;
612     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
613     int64_t l1_backup_offset = 0;
614     bool compressed;
615 
616     ret = bdrv_pread(file, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header));
617     if (ret < 0) {
618         bdrv_refresh_filename(file->bs);
619         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
620                          "Could not read header from file '%s'",
621                          file->bs->filename);
622         return -EINVAL;
623     }
624     if (header.capacity == 0) {
625         uint64_t desc_offset = le64_to_cpu(header.desc_offset);
626         if (desc_offset) {
627             char *buf = vmdk_read_desc(file, desc_offset << 9, errp);
628             if (!buf) {
629                 return -EINVAL;
630             }
631             ret = vmdk_open_desc_file(bs, flags, buf, options, errp);
632             g_free(buf);
633             return ret;
634         }
635     }
636 
637     if (!s->create_type) {
638         s->create_type = g_strdup("monolithicSparse");
639     }
640 
641     if (le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) == VMDK4_GD_AT_END) {
642         /*
643          * The footer takes precedence over the header, so read it in. The
644          * footer starts at offset -1024 from the end: One sector for the
645          * footer, and another one for the end-of-stream marker.
646          */
647         struct {
648             struct {
649                 uint64_t val;
650                 uint32_t size;
651                 uint32_t type;
652                 uint8_t pad[512 - 16];
653             } QEMU_PACKED footer_marker;
654 
655             uint32_t magic;
656             VMDK4Header header;
657             uint8_t pad[512 - 4 - sizeof(VMDK4Header)];
658 
659             struct {
660                 uint64_t val;
661                 uint32_t size;
662                 uint32_t type;
663                 uint8_t pad[512 - 16];
664             } QEMU_PACKED eos_marker;
665         } QEMU_PACKED footer;
666 
667         ret = bdrv_pread(file,
668             bs->file->bs->total_sectors * 512 - 1536,
669             &footer, sizeof(footer));
670         if (ret < 0) {
671             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to read footer");
672             return ret;
673         }
674 
675         /* Some sanity checks for the footer */
676         if (be32_to_cpu(footer.magic) != VMDK4_MAGIC ||
677             le32_to_cpu(footer.footer_marker.size) != 0  ||
678             le32_to_cpu(footer.footer_marker.type) != MARKER_FOOTER ||
679             le64_to_cpu(footer.eos_marker.val) != 0  ||
680             le32_to_cpu(footer.eos_marker.size) != 0  ||
681             le32_to_cpu(footer.eos_marker.type) != MARKER_END_OF_STREAM)
682         {
683             error_setg(errp, "Invalid footer");
684             return -EINVAL;
685         }
686 
687         header = footer.header;
688     }
689 
690     compressed =
691         le16_to_cpu(header.compressAlgorithm) == VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE;
692     if (le32_to_cpu(header.version) > 3) {
693         error_setg(errp, "Unsupported VMDK version %" PRIu32,
694                    le32_to_cpu(header.version));
695         return -ENOTSUP;
696     } else if (le32_to_cpu(header.version) == 3 && (flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) &&
697                !compressed) {
698         /* VMware KB 2064959 explains that version 3 added support for
699          * persistent changed block tracking (CBT), and backup software can
700          * read it as version=1 if it doesn't care about the changed area
701          * information. So we are safe to enable read only. */
702         error_setg(errp, "VMDK version 3 must be read only");
703         return -EINVAL;
704     }
705 
706     if (le32_to_cpu(header.num_gtes_per_gt) > 512) {
707         error_setg(errp, "L2 table size too big");
708         return -EINVAL;
709     }
710 
711     l1_entry_sectors = le32_to_cpu(header.num_gtes_per_gt)
712                         * le64_to_cpu(header.granularity);
713     if (l1_entry_sectors == 0) {
714         error_setg(errp, "L1 entry size is invalid");
715         return -EINVAL;
716     }
717     l1_size = (le64_to_cpu(header.capacity) + l1_entry_sectors - 1)
718                 / l1_entry_sectors;
719     if (le32_to_cpu(header.flags) & VMDK4_FLAG_RGD) {
720         l1_backup_offset = le64_to_cpu(header.rgd_offset) << 9;
721     }
722     if (bdrv_nb_sectors(file->bs) < le64_to_cpu(header.grain_offset)) {
723         error_setg(errp, "File truncated, expecting at least %" PRId64 " bytes",
724                    (int64_t)(le64_to_cpu(header.grain_offset)
725                              * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE));
726         return -EINVAL;
727     }
728 
729     ret = vmdk_add_extent(bs, file, false,
730                           le64_to_cpu(header.capacity),
731                           le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) << 9,
732                           l1_backup_offset,
733                           l1_size,
734                           le32_to_cpu(header.num_gtes_per_gt),
735                           le64_to_cpu(header.granularity),
736                           &extent,
737                           errp);
738     if (ret < 0) {
739         return ret;
740     }
741     extent->compressed =
742         le16_to_cpu(header.compressAlgorithm) == VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE;
743     if (extent->compressed) {
744         g_free(s->create_type);
745         s->create_type = g_strdup("streamOptimized");
746     }
747     extent->has_marker = le32_to_cpu(header.flags) & VMDK4_FLAG_MARKER;
748     extent->version = le32_to_cpu(header.version);
749     extent->has_zero_grain = le32_to_cpu(header.flags) & VMDK4_FLAG_ZERO_GRAIN;
750     ret = vmdk_init_tables(bs, extent, errp);
751     if (ret) {
752         /* free extent allocated by vmdk_add_extent */
753         vmdk_free_last_extent(bs);
754     }
755     return ret;
756 }
757 
758 /* find an option value out of descriptor file */
759 static int vmdk_parse_description(const char *desc, const char *opt_name,
760         char *buf, int buf_size)
761 {
762     char *opt_pos, *opt_end;
763     const char *end = desc + strlen(desc);
764 
765     opt_pos = strstr(desc, opt_name);
766     if (!opt_pos) {
767         return VMDK_ERROR;
768     }
769     /* Skip "=\"" following opt_name */
770     opt_pos += strlen(opt_name) + 2;
771     if (opt_pos >= end) {
772         return VMDK_ERROR;
773     }
774     opt_end = opt_pos;
775     while (opt_end < end && *opt_end != '"') {
776         opt_end++;
777     }
778     if (opt_end == end || buf_size < opt_end - opt_pos + 1) {
779         return VMDK_ERROR;
780     }
781     pstrcpy(buf, opt_end - opt_pos + 1, opt_pos);
782     return VMDK_OK;
783 }
784 
785 /* Open an extent file and append to bs array */
786 static int vmdk_open_sparse(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *file, int flags,
787                             char *buf, QDict *options, Error **errp)
788 {
789     uint32_t magic;
790 
791     magic = ldl_be_p(buf);
792     switch (magic) {
793         case VMDK3_MAGIC:
794             return vmdk_open_vmfs_sparse(bs, file, flags, errp);
795             break;
796         case VMDK4_MAGIC:
797             return vmdk_open_vmdk4(bs, file, flags, options, errp);
798             break;
799         default:
800             error_setg(errp, "Image not in VMDK format");
801             return -EINVAL;
802             break;
803     }
804 }
805 
806 static const char *next_line(const char *s)
807 {
808     while (*s) {
809         if (*s == '\n') {
810             return s + 1;
811         }
812         s++;
813     }
814     return s;
815 }
816 
817 static int vmdk_parse_extents(const char *desc, BlockDriverState *bs,
818                               const char *desc_file_path, QDict *options,
819                               Error **errp)
820 {
821     int ret;
822     int matches;
823     char access[11];
824     char type[11];
825     char fname[512];
826     const char *p, *np;
827     int64_t sectors = 0;
828     int64_t flat_offset;
829     char *extent_path;
830     BdrvChild *extent_file;
831     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
832     VmdkExtent *extent;
833     char extent_opt_prefix[32];
834     Error *local_err = NULL;
835 
836     for (p = desc; *p; p = next_line(p)) {
837         /* parse extent line in one of below formats:
838          *
839          * RW [size in sectors] FLAT "file-name.vmdk" OFFSET
840          * RW [size in sectors] SPARSE "file-name.vmdk"
841          * RW [size in sectors] VMFS "file-name.vmdk"
842          * RW [size in sectors] VMFSSPARSE "file-name.vmdk"
843          */
844         flat_offset = -1;
845         matches = sscanf(p, "%10s %" SCNd64 " %10s \"%511[^\n\r\"]\" %" SCNd64,
846                          access, &sectors, type, fname, &flat_offset);
847         if (matches < 4 || strcmp(access, "RW")) {
848             continue;
849         } else if (!strcmp(type, "FLAT")) {
850             if (matches != 5 || flat_offset < 0) {
851                 goto invalid;
852             }
853         } else if (!strcmp(type, "VMFS")) {
854             if (matches == 4) {
855                 flat_offset = 0;
856             } else {
857                 goto invalid;
858             }
859         } else if (matches != 4) {
860             goto invalid;
861         }
862 
863         if (sectors <= 0 ||
864             (strcmp(type, "FLAT") && strcmp(type, "SPARSE") &&
865              strcmp(type, "VMFS") && strcmp(type, "VMFSSPARSE")) ||
866             (strcmp(access, "RW"))) {
867             continue;
868         }
869 
870         if (!path_is_absolute(fname) && !path_has_protocol(fname) &&
871             !desc_file_path[0])
872         {
873             bdrv_refresh_filename(bs->file->bs);
874             error_setg(errp, "Cannot use relative extent paths with VMDK "
875                        "descriptor file '%s'", bs->file->bs->filename);
876             return -EINVAL;
877         }
878 
879         extent_path = path_combine(desc_file_path, fname);
880 
881         ret = snprintf(extent_opt_prefix, 32, "extents.%d", s->num_extents);
882         assert(ret < 32);
883 
884         extent_file = bdrv_open_child(extent_path, options, extent_opt_prefix,
885                                       bs, &child_file, false, &local_err);
886         g_free(extent_path);
887         if (local_err) {
888             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
889             return -EINVAL;
890         }
891 
892         /* save to extents array */
893         if (!strcmp(type, "FLAT") || !strcmp(type, "VMFS")) {
894             /* FLAT extent */
895 
896             ret = vmdk_add_extent(bs, extent_file, true, sectors,
897                             0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &extent, errp);
898             if (ret < 0) {
899                 bdrv_unref_child(bs, extent_file);
900                 return ret;
901             }
902             extent->flat_start_offset = flat_offset << 9;
903         } else if (!strcmp(type, "SPARSE") || !strcmp(type, "VMFSSPARSE")) {
904             /* SPARSE extent and VMFSSPARSE extent are both "COWD" sparse file*/
905             char *buf = vmdk_read_desc(extent_file, 0, errp);
906             if (!buf) {
907                 ret = -EINVAL;
908             } else {
909                 ret = vmdk_open_sparse(bs, extent_file, bs->open_flags, buf,
910                                        options, errp);
911             }
912             g_free(buf);
913             if (ret) {
914                 bdrv_unref_child(bs, extent_file);
915                 return ret;
916             }
917             extent = &s->extents[s->num_extents - 1];
918         } else {
919             error_setg(errp, "Unsupported extent type '%s'", type);
920             bdrv_unref_child(bs, extent_file);
921             return -ENOTSUP;
922         }
923         extent->type = g_strdup(type);
924     }
925     return 0;
926 
927 invalid:
928     np = next_line(p);
929     assert(np != p);
930     if (np[-1] == '\n') {
931         np--;
932     }
933     error_setg(errp, "Invalid extent line: %.*s", (int)(np - p), p);
934     return -EINVAL;
935 }
936 
937 static int vmdk_open_desc_file(BlockDriverState *bs, int flags, char *buf,
938                                QDict *options, Error **errp)
939 {
940     int ret;
941     char ct[128];
942     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
943 
944     if (vmdk_parse_description(buf, "createType", ct, sizeof(ct))) {
945         error_setg(errp, "invalid VMDK image descriptor");
946         ret = -EINVAL;
947         goto exit;
948     }
949     if (strcmp(ct, "monolithicFlat") &&
950         strcmp(ct, "vmfs") &&
951         strcmp(ct, "vmfsSparse") &&
952         strcmp(ct, "twoGbMaxExtentSparse") &&
953         strcmp(ct, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat")) {
954         error_setg(errp, "Unsupported image type '%s'", ct);
955         ret = -ENOTSUP;
956         goto exit;
957     }
958     s->create_type = g_strdup(ct);
959     s->desc_offset = 0;
960     ret = vmdk_parse_extents(buf, bs, bs->file->bs->exact_filename, options,
961                              errp);
962 exit:
963     return ret;
964 }
965 
966 static int vmdk_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
967                      Error **errp)
968 {
969     char *buf;
970     int ret;
971     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
972     uint32_t magic;
973     Error *local_err = NULL;
974 
975     bs->file = bdrv_open_child(NULL, options, "file", bs, &child_file,
976                                false, errp);
977     if (!bs->file) {
978         return -EINVAL;
979     }
980 
981     buf = vmdk_read_desc(bs->file, 0, errp);
982     if (!buf) {
983         return -EINVAL;
984     }
985 
986     magic = ldl_be_p(buf);
987     switch (magic) {
988         case VMDK3_MAGIC:
989         case VMDK4_MAGIC:
990             ret = vmdk_open_sparse(bs, bs->file, flags, buf, options,
991                                    errp);
992             s->desc_offset = 0x200;
993             break;
994         default:
995             ret = vmdk_open_desc_file(bs, flags, buf, options, errp);
996             break;
997     }
998     if (ret) {
999         goto fail;
1000     }
1001 
1002     /* try to open parent images, if exist */
1003     ret = vmdk_parent_open(bs);
1004     if (ret) {
1005         goto fail;
1006     }
1007     ret = vmdk_read_cid(bs, 0, &s->cid);
1008     if (ret) {
1009         goto fail;
1010     }
1011     ret = vmdk_read_cid(bs, 1, &s->parent_cid);
1012     if (ret) {
1013         goto fail;
1014     }
1015     qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
1016 
1017     /* Disable migration when VMDK images are used */
1018     error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The vmdk format used by node '%s' "
1019                "does not support live migration",
1020                bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
1021     ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, &local_err);
1022     if (local_err) {
1023         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1024         error_free(s->migration_blocker);
1025         goto fail;
1026     }
1027 
1028     g_free(buf);
1029     return 0;
1030 
1031 fail:
1032     g_free(buf);
1033     g_free(s->create_type);
1034     s->create_type = NULL;
1035     vmdk_free_extents(bs);
1036     return ret;
1037 }
1038 
1039 
1040 static void vmdk_refresh_limits(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
1041 {
1042     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
1043     int i;
1044 
1045     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
1046         if (!s->extents[i].flat) {
1047             bs->bl.pwrite_zeroes_alignment =
1048                 MAX(bs->bl.pwrite_zeroes_alignment,
1049                     s->extents[i].cluster_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1050         }
1051     }
1052 }
1053 
1054 /**
1055  * get_whole_cluster
1056  *
1057  * Copy backing file's cluster that covers @sector_num, otherwise write zero,
1058  * to the cluster at @cluster_sector_num.
1059  *
1060  * If @skip_start_sector < @skip_end_sector, the relative range
1061  * [@skip_start_sector, @skip_end_sector) is not copied or written, and leave
1062  * it for call to write user data in the request.
1063  */
1064 static int get_whole_cluster(BlockDriverState *bs,
1065                              VmdkExtent *extent,
1066                              uint64_t cluster_offset,
1067                              uint64_t offset,
1068                              uint64_t skip_start_bytes,
1069                              uint64_t skip_end_bytes)
1070 {
1071     int ret = VMDK_OK;
1072     int64_t cluster_bytes;
1073     uint8_t *whole_grain;
1074 
1075     /* For COW, align request sector_num to cluster start */
1076     cluster_bytes = extent->cluster_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1077     offset = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(offset, cluster_bytes);
1078     whole_grain = qemu_blockalign(bs, cluster_bytes);
1079 
1080     if (!bs->backing) {
1081         memset(whole_grain, 0, skip_start_bytes);
1082         memset(whole_grain + skip_end_bytes, 0, cluster_bytes - skip_end_bytes);
1083     }
1084 
1085     assert(skip_end_bytes <= cluster_bytes);
1086     /* we will be here if it's first write on non-exist grain(cluster).
1087      * try to read from parent image, if exist */
1088     if (bs->backing && !vmdk_is_cid_valid(bs)) {
1089         ret = VMDK_ERROR;
1090         goto exit;
1091     }
1092 
1093     /* Read backing data before skip range */
1094     if (skip_start_bytes > 0) {
1095         if (bs->backing) {
1096             /* qcow2 emits this on bs->file instead of bs->backing */
1097             BLKDBG_EVENT(extent->file, BLKDBG_COW_READ);
1098             ret = bdrv_pread(bs->backing, offset, whole_grain,
1099                              skip_start_bytes);
1100             if (ret < 0) {
1101                 ret = VMDK_ERROR;
1102                 goto exit;
1103             }
1104         }
1105         BLKDBG_EVENT(extent->file, BLKDBG_COW_WRITE);
1106         ret = bdrv_pwrite(extent->file, cluster_offset, whole_grain,
1107                           skip_start_bytes);
1108         if (ret < 0) {
1109             ret = VMDK_ERROR;
1110             goto exit;
1111         }
1112     }
1113     /* Read backing data after skip range */
1114     if (skip_end_bytes < cluster_bytes) {
1115         if (bs->backing) {
1116             /* qcow2 emits this on bs->file instead of bs->backing */
1117             BLKDBG_EVENT(extent->file, BLKDBG_COW_READ);
1118             ret = bdrv_pread(bs->backing, offset + skip_end_bytes,
1119                              whole_grain + skip_end_bytes,
1120                              cluster_bytes - skip_end_bytes);
1121             if (ret < 0) {
1122                 ret = VMDK_ERROR;
1123                 goto exit;
1124             }
1125         }
1126         BLKDBG_EVENT(extent->file, BLKDBG_COW_WRITE);
1127         ret = bdrv_pwrite(extent->file, cluster_offset + skip_end_bytes,
1128                           whole_grain + skip_end_bytes,
1129                           cluster_bytes - skip_end_bytes);
1130         if (ret < 0) {
1131             ret = VMDK_ERROR;
1132             goto exit;
1133         }
1134     }
1135 
1136     ret = VMDK_OK;
1137 exit:
1138     qemu_vfree(whole_grain);
1139     return ret;
1140 }
1141 
1142 static int vmdk_L2update(VmdkExtent *extent, VmdkMetaData *m_data,
1143                          uint32_t offset)
1144 {
1145     offset = cpu_to_le32(offset);
1146     /* update L2 table */
1147     BLKDBG_EVENT(extent->file, BLKDBG_L2_UPDATE);
1148     if (bdrv_pwrite_sync(extent->file,
1149                 ((int64_t)m_data->l2_offset * 512)
1150                     + (m_data->l2_index * sizeof(offset)),
1151                 &offset, sizeof(offset)) < 0) {
1152         return VMDK_ERROR;
1153     }
1154     /* update backup L2 table */
1155     if (extent->l1_backup_table_offset != 0) {
1156         m_data->l2_offset = extent->l1_backup_table[m_data->l1_index];
1157         if (bdrv_pwrite_sync(extent->file,
1158                     ((int64_t)m_data->l2_offset * 512)
1159                         + (m_data->l2_index * sizeof(offset)),
1160                     &offset, sizeof(offset)) < 0) {
1161             return VMDK_ERROR;
1162         }
1163     }
1164     if (m_data->l2_cache_entry) {
1165         *m_data->l2_cache_entry = offset;
1166     }
1167 
1168     return VMDK_OK;
1169 }
1170 
1171 /**
1172  * get_cluster_offset
1173  *
1174  * Look up cluster offset in extent file by sector number, and store in
1175  * @cluster_offset.
1176  *
1177  * For flat extents, the start offset as parsed from the description file is
1178  * returned.
1179  *
1180  * For sparse extents, look up in L1, L2 table. If allocate is true, return an
1181  * offset for a new cluster and update L2 cache. If there is a backing file,
1182  * COW is done before returning; otherwise, zeroes are written to the allocated
1183  * cluster. Both COW and zero writing skips the sector range
1184  * [@skip_start_sector, @skip_end_sector) passed in by caller, because caller
1185  * has new data to write there.
1186  *
1187  * Returns: VMDK_OK if cluster exists and mapped in the image.
1188  *          VMDK_UNALLOC if cluster is not mapped and @allocate is false.
1189  *          VMDK_ERROR if failed.
1190  */
1191 static int get_cluster_offset(BlockDriverState *bs,
1192                               VmdkExtent *extent,
1193                               VmdkMetaData *m_data,
1194                               uint64_t offset,
1195                               bool allocate,
1196                               uint64_t *cluster_offset,
1197                               uint64_t skip_start_bytes,
1198                               uint64_t skip_end_bytes)
1199 {
1200     unsigned int l1_index, l2_offset, l2_index;
1201     int min_index, i, j;
1202     uint32_t min_count, *l2_table;
1203     bool zeroed = false;
1204     int64_t ret;
1205     int64_t cluster_sector;
1206 
1207     if (m_data) {
1208         m_data->valid = 0;
1209     }
1210     if (extent->flat) {
1211         *cluster_offset = extent->flat_start_offset;
1212         return VMDK_OK;
1213     }
1214 
1215     offset -= (extent->end_sector - extent->sectors) * SECTOR_SIZE;
1216     l1_index = (offset >> 9) / extent->l1_entry_sectors;
1217     if (l1_index >= extent->l1_size) {
1218         return VMDK_ERROR;
1219     }
1220     l2_offset = extent->l1_table[l1_index];
1221     if (!l2_offset) {
1222         return VMDK_UNALLOC;
1223     }
1224     for (i = 0; i < L2_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
1225         if (l2_offset == extent->l2_cache_offsets[i]) {
1226             /* increment the hit count */
1227             if (++extent->l2_cache_counts[i] == 0xffffffff) {
1228                 for (j = 0; j < L2_CACHE_SIZE; j++) {
1229                     extent->l2_cache_counts[j] >>= 1;
1230                 }
1231             }
1232             l2_table = extent->l2_cache + (i * extent->l2_size);
1233             goto found;
1234         }
1235     }
1236     /* not found: load a new entry in the least used one */
1237     min_index = 0;
1238     min_count = 0xffffffff;
1239     for (i = 0; i < L2_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
1240         if (extent->l2_cache_counts[i] < min_count) {
1241             min_count = extent->l2_cache_counts[i];
1242             min_index = i;
1243         }
1244     }
1245     l2_table = extent->l2_cache + (min_index * extent->l2_size);
1246     BLKDBG_EVENT(extent->file, BLKDBG_L2_LOAD);
1247     if (bdrv_pread(extent->file,
1248                 (int64_t)l2_offset * 512,
1249                 l2_table,
1250                 extent->l2_size * sizeof(uint32_t)
1251             ) != extent->l2_size * sizeof(uint32_t)) {
1252         return VMDK_ERROR;
1253     }
1254 
1255     extent->l2_cache_offsets[min_index] = l2_offset;
1256     extent->l2_cache_counts[min_index] = 1;
1257  found:
1258     l2_index = ((offset >> 9) / extent->cluster_sectors) % extent->l2_size;
1259     cluster_sector = le32_to_cpu(l2_table[l2_index]);
1260 
1261     if (extent->has_zero_grain && cluster_sector == VMDK_GTE_ZEROED) {
1262         zeroed = true;
1263     }
1264 
1265     if (!cluster_sector || zeroed) {
1266         if (!allocate) {
1267             return zeroed ? VMDK_ZEROED : VMDK_UNALLOC;
1268         }
1269 
1270         if (extent->next_cluster_sector >= VMDK_EXTENT_MAX_SECTORS) {
1271             return VMDK_ERROR;
1272         }
1273 
1274         cluster_sector = extent->next_cluster_sector;
1275         extent->next_cluster_sector += extent->cluster_sectors;
1276 
1277         /* First of all we write grain itself, to avoid race condition
1278          * that may to corrupt the image.
1279          * This problem may occur because of insufficient space on host disk
1280          * or inappropriate VM shutdown.
1281          */
1282         ret = get_whole_cluster(bs, extent, cluster_sector * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1283                                 offset, skip_start_bytes, skip_end_bytes);
1284         if (ret) {
1285             return ret;
1286         }
1287         if (m_data) {
1288             m_data->valid = 1;
1289             m_data->l1_index = l1_index;
1290             m_data->l2_index = l2_index;
1291             m_data->l2_offset = l2_offset;
1292             m_data->l2_cache_entry = &l2_table[l2_index];
1293         }
1294     }
1295     *cluster_offset = cluster_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1296     return VMDK_OK;
1297 }
1298 
1299 static VmdkExtent *find_extent(BDRVVmdkState *s,
1300                                 int64_t sector_num, VmdkExtent *start_hint)
1301 {
1302     VmdkExtent *extent = start_hint;
1303 
1304     if (!extent) {
1305         extent = &s->extents[0];
1306     }
1307     while (extent < &s->extents[s->num_extents]) {
1308         if (sector_num < extent->end_sector) {
1309             return extent;
1310         }
1311         extent++;
1312     }
1313     return NULL;
1314 }
1315 
1316 static inline uint64_t vmdk_find_offset_in_cluster(VmdkExtent *extent,
1317                                                    int64_t offset)
1318 {
1319     uint64_t extent_begin_offset, extent_relative_offset;
1320     uint64_t cluster_size = extent->cluster_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1321 
1322     extent_begin_offset =
1323         (extent->end_sector - extent->sectors) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1324     extent_relative_offset = offset - extent_begin_offset;
1325     return extent_relative_offset % cluster_size;
1326 }
1327 
1328 static int coroutine_fn vmdk_co_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs,
1329                                              bool want_zero,
1330                                              int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
1331                                              int64_t *pnum, int64_t *map,
1332                                              BlockDriverState **file)
1333 {
1334     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
1335     int64_t index_in_cluster, n, ret;
1336     uint64_t cluster_offset;
1337     VmdkExtent *extent;
1338 
1339     extent = find_extent(s, offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, NULL);
1340     if (!extent) {
1341         return -EIO;
1342     }
1343     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1344     ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, NULL, offset, false, &cluster_offset,
1345                              0, 0);
1346     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1347 
1348     index_in_cluster = vmdk_find_offset_in_cluster(extent, offset);
1349     switch (ret) {
1350     case VMDK_ERROR:
1351         ret = -EIO;
1352         break;
1353     case VMDK_UNALLOC:
1354         ret = 0;
1355         break;
1356     case VMDK_ZEROED:
1357         ret = BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO;
1358         break;
1359     case VMDK_OK:
1360         ret = BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
1361         if (!extent->compressed) {
1362             ret |= BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID;
1363             *map = cluster_offset + index_in_cluster;
1364         }
1365         *file = extent->file->bs;
1366         break;
1367     }
1368 
1369     n = extent->cluster_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE - index_in_cluster;
1370     *pnum = MIN(n, bytes);
1371     return ret;
1372 }
1373 
1374 static int vmdk_write_extent(VmdkExtent *extent, int64_t cluster_offset,
1375                             int64_t offset_in_cluster, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
1376                             uint64_t qiov_offset, uint64_t n_bytes,
1377                             uint64_t offset)
1378 {
1379     int ret;
1380     VmdkGrainMarker *data = NULL;
1381     uLongf buf_len;
1382     QEMUIOVector local_qiov;
1383     int64_t write_offset;
1384     int64_t write_end_sector;
1385 
1386     if (extent->compressed) {
1387         void *compressed_data;
1388 
1389         if (!extent->has_marker) {
1390             ret = -EINVAL;
1391             goto out;
1392         }
1393         buf_len = (extent->cluster_sectors << 9) * 2;
1394         data = g_malloc(buf_len + sizeof(VmdkGrainMarker));
1395 
1396         compressed_data = g_malloc(n_bytes);
1397         qemu_iovec_to_buf(qiov, qiov_offset, compressed_data, n_bytes);
1398         ret = compress(data->data, &buf_len, compressed_data, n_bytes);
1399         g_free(compressed_data);
1400 
1401         if (ret != Z_OK || buf_len == 0) {
1402             ret = -EINVAL;
1403             goto out;
1404         }
1405 
1406         data->lba = cpu_to_le64(offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1407         data->size = cpu_to_le32(buf_len);
1408 
1409         n_bytes = buf_len + sizeof(VmdkGrainMarker);
1410         qemu_iovec_init_buf(&local_qiov, data, n_bytes);
1411 
1412         BLKDBG_EVENT(extent->file, BLKDBG_WRITE_COMPRESSED);
1413     } else {
1414         qemu_iovec_init(&local_qiov, qiov->niov);
1415         qemu_iovec_concat(&local_qiov, qiov, qiov_offset, n_bytes);
1416 
1417         BLKDBG_EVENT(extent->file, BLKDBG_WRITE_AIO);
1418     }
1419 
1420     write_offset = cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster;
1421     ret = bdrv_co_pwritev(extent->file, write_offset, n_bytes,
1422                           &local_qiov, 0);
1423 
1424     write_end_sector = DIV_ROUND_UP(write_offset + n_bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1425 
1426     if (extent->compressed) {
1427         extent->next_cluster_sector = write_end_sector;
1428     } else {
1429         extent->next_cluster_sector = MAX(extent->next_cluster_sector,
1430                                           write_end_sector);
1431     }
1432 
1433     if (ret < 0) {
1434         goto out;
1435     }
1436     ret = 0;
1437  out:
1438     g_free(data);
1439     if (!extent->compressed) {
1440         qemu_iovec_destroy(&local_qiov);
1441     }
1442     return ret;
1443 }
1444 
1445 static int vmdk_read_extent(VmdkExtent *extent, int64_t cluster_offset,
1446                             int64_t offset_in_cluster, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
1447                             int bytes)
1448 {
1449     int ret;
1450     int cluster_bytes, buf_bytes;
1451     uint8_t *cluster_buf, *compressed_data;
1452     uint8_t *uncomp_buf;
1453     uint32_t data_len;
1454     VmdkGrainMarker *marker;
1455     uLongf buf_len;
1456 
1457 
1458     if (!extent->compressed) {
1459         BLKDBG_EVENT(extent->file, BLKDBG_READ_AIO);
1460         ret = bdrv_co_preadv(extent->file,
1461                              cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster, bytes,
1462                              qiov, 0);
1463         if (ret < 0) {
1464             return ret;
1465         }
1466         return 0;
1467     }
1468     cluster_bytes = extent->cluster_sectors * 512;
1469     /* Read two clusters in case GrainMarker + compressed data > one cluster */
1470     buf_bytes = cluster_bytes * 2;
1471     cluster_buf = g_malloc(buf_bytes);
1472     uncomp_buf = g_malloc(cluster_bytes);
1473     BLKDBG_EVENT(extent->file, BLKDBG_READ_COMPRESSED);
1474     ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file,
1475                 cluster_offset,
1476                 cluster_buf, buf_bytes);
1477     if (ret < 0) {
1478         goto out;
1479     }
1480     compressed_data = cluster_buf;
1481     buf_len = cluster_bytes;
1482     data_len = cluster_bytes;
1483     if (extent->has_marker) {
1484         marker = (VmdkGrainMarker *)cluster_buf;
1485         compressed_data = marker->data;
1486         data_len = le32_to_cpu(marker->size);
1487     }
1488     if (!data_len || data_len > buf_bytes) {
1489         ret = -EINVAL;
1490         goto out;
1491     }
1492     ret = uncompress(uncomp_buf, &buf_len, compressed_data, data_len);
1493     if (ret != Z_OK) {
1494         ret = -EINVAL;
1495         goto out;
1496 
1497     }
1498     if (offset_in_cluster < 0 ||
1499             offset_in_cluster + bytes > buf_len) {
1500         ret = -EINVAL;
1501         goto out;
1502     }
1503     qemu_iovec_from_buf(qiov, 0, uncomp_buf + offset_in_cluster, bytes);
1504     ret = 0;
1505 
1506  out:
1507     g_free(uncomp_buf);
1508     g_free(cluster_buf);
1509     return ret;
1510 }
1511 
1512 static int coroutine_fn
1513 vmdk_co_preadv(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset, uint64_t bytes,
1514                QEMUIOVector *qiov, int flags)
1515 {
1516     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
1517     int ret;
1518     uint64_t n_bytes, offset_in_cluster;
1519     VmdkExtent *extent = NULL;
1520     QEMUIOVector local_qiov;
1521     uint64_t cluster_offset;
1522     uint64_t bytes_done = 0;
1523 
1524     qemu_iovec_init(&local_qiov, qiov->niov);
1525     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1526 
1527     while (bytes > 0) {
1528         extent = find_extent(s, offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, extent);
1529         if (!extent) {
1530             ret = -EIO;
1531             goto fail;
1532         }
1533         ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, NULL,
1534                                  offset, false, &cluster_offset, 0, 0);
1535         offset_in_cluster = vmdk_find_offset_in_cluster(extent, offset);
1536 
1537         n_bytes = MIN(bytes, extent->cluster_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
1538                              - offset_in_cluster);
1539 
1540         if (ret != VMDK_OK) {
1541             /* if not allocated, try to read from parent image, if exist */
1542             if (bs->backing && ret != VMDK_ZEROED) {
1543                 if (!vmdk_is_cid_valid(bs)) {
1544                     ret = -EINVAL;
1545                     goto fail;
1546                 }
1547 
1548                 qemu_iovec_reset(&local_qiov);
1549                 qemu_iovec_concat(&local_qiov, qiov, bytes_done, n_bytes);
1550 
1551                 /* qcow2 emits this on bs->file instead of bs->backing */
1552                 BLKDBG_EVENT(bs->file, BLKDBG_READ_BACKING_AIO);
1553                 ret = bdrv_co_preadv(bs->backing, offset, n_bytes,
1554                                      &local_qiov, 0);
1555                 if (ret < 0) {
1556                     goto fail;
1557                 }
1558             } else {
1559                 qemu_iovec_memset(qiov, bytes_done, 0, n_bytes);
1560             }
1561         } else {
1562             qemu_iovec_reset(&local_qiov);
1563             qemu_iovec_concat(&local_qiov, qiov, bytes_done, n_bytes);
1564 
1565             ret = vmdk_read_extent(extent, cluster_offset, offset_in_cluster,
1566                                    &local_qiov, n_bytes);
1567             if (ret) {
1568                 goto fail;
1569             }
1570         }
1571         bytes -= n_bytes;
1572         offset += n_bytes;
1573         bytes_done += n_bytes;
1574     }
1575 
1576     ret = 0;
1577 fail:
1578     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1579     qemu_iovec_destroy(&local_qiov);
1580 
1581     return ret;
1582 }
1583 
1584 /**
1585  * vmdk_write:
1586  * @zeroed:       buf is ignored (data is zero), use zeroed_grain GTE feature
1587  *                if possible, otherwise return -ENOTSUP.
1588  * @zero_dry_run: used for zeroed == true only, don't update L2 table, just try
1589  *                with each cluster. By dry run we can find if the zero write
1590  *                is possible without modifying image data.
1591  *
1592  * Returns: error code with 0 for success.
1593  */
1594 static int vmdk_pwritev(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
1595                        uint64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
1596                        bool zeroed, bool zero_dry_run)
1597 {
1598     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
1599     VmdkExtent *extent = NULL;
1600     int ret;
1601     int64_t offset_in_cluster, n_bytes;
1602     uint64_t cluster_offset;
1603     uint64_t bytes_done = 0;
1604     VmdkMetaData m_data;
1605 
1606     if (DIV_ROUND_UP(offset, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) > bs->total_sectors) {
1607         error_report("Wrong offset: offset=0x%" PRIx64
1608                      " total_sectors=0x%" PRIx64,
1609                      offset, bs->total_sectors);
1610         return -EIO;
1611     }
1612 
1613     while (bytes > 0) {
1614         extent = find_extent(s, offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, extent);
1615         if (!extent) {
1616             return -EIO;
1617         }
1618         offset_in_cluster = vmdk_find_offset_in_cluster(extent, offset);
1619         n_bytes = MIN(bytes, extent->cluster_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
1620                              - offset_in_cluster);
1621 
1622         ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, &m_data, offset,
1623                                  !(extent->compressed || zeroed),
1624                                  &cluster_offset, offset_in_cluster,
1625                                  offset_in_cluster + n_bytes);
1626         if (extent->compressed) {
1627             if (ret == VMDK_OK) {
1628                 /* Refuse write to allocated cluster for streamOptimized */
1629                 error_report("Could not write to allocated cluster"
1630                               " for streamOptimized");
1631                 return -EIO;
1632             } else {
1633                 /* allocate */
1634                 ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, &m_data, offset,
1635                                          true, &cluster_offset, 0, 0);
1636             }
1637         }
1638         if (ret == VMDK_ERROR) {
1639             return -EINVAL;
1640         }
1641         if (zeroed) {
1642             /* Do zeroed write, buf is ignored */
1643             if (extent->has_zero_grain &&
1644                     offset_in_cluster == 0 &&
1645                     n_bytes >= extent->cluster_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
1646                 n_bytes = extent->cluster_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1647                 if (!zero_dry_run) {
1648                     /* update L2 tables */
1649                     if (vmdk_L2update(extent, &m_data, VMDK_GTE_ZEROED)
1650                             != VMDK_OK) {
1651                         return -EIO;
1652                     }
1653                 }
1654             } else {
1655                 return -ENOTSUP;
1656             }
1657         } else {
1658             ret = vmdk_write_extent(extent, cluster_offset, offset_in_cluster,
1659                                     qiov, bytes_done, n_bytes, offset);
1660             if (ret) {
1661                 return ret;
1662             }
1663             if (m_data.valid) {
1664                 /* update L2 tables */
1665                 if (vmdk_L2update(extent, &m_data,
1666                                   cluster_offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)
1667                         != VMDK_OK) {
1668                     return -EIO;
1669                 }
1670             }
1671         }
1672         bytes -= n_bytes;
1673         offset += n_bytes;
1674         bytes_done += n_bytes;
1675 
1676         /* update CID on the first write every time the virtual disk is
1677          * opened */
1678         if (!s->cid_updated) {
1679             ret = vmdk_write_cid(bs, g_random_int());
1680             if (ret < 0) {
1681                 return ret;
1682             }
1683             s->cid_updated = true;
1684         }
1685     }
1686     return 0;
1687 }
1688 
1689 static int coroutine_fn
1690 vmdk_co_pwritev(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset, uint64_t bytes,
1691                 QEMUIOVector *qiov, int flags)
1692 {
1693     int ret;
1694     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
1695     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1696     ret = vmdk_pwritev(bs, offset, bytes, qiov, false, false);
1697     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1698     return ret;
1699 }
1700 
1701 static int coroutine_fn
1702 vmdk_co_pwritev_compressed(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
1703                            uint64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov)
1704 {
1705     if (bytes == 0) {
1706         /* The caller will write bytes 0 to signal EOF.
1707          * When receive it, we align EOF to a sector boundary. */
1708         BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
1709         int i, ret;
1710         int64_t length;
1711 
1712         for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
1713             length = bdrv_getlength(s->extents[i].file->bs);
1714             if (length < 0) {
1715                 return length;
1716             }
1717             length = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1718             ret = bdrv_truncate(s->extents[i].file, length,
1719                                 PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, NULL);
1720             if (ret < 0) {
1721                 return ret;
1722             }
1723         }
1724         return 0;
1725     }
1726     return vmdk_co_pwritev(bs, offset, bytes, qiov, 0);
1727 }
1728 
1729 static int coroutine_fn vmdk_co_pwrite_zeroes(BlockDriverState *bs,
1730                                               int64_t offset,
1731                                               int bytes,
1732                                               BdrvRequestFlags flags)
1733 {
1734     int ret;
1735     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
1736 
1737     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1738     /* write zeroes could fail if sectors not aligned to cluster, test it with
1739      * dry_run == true before really updating image */
1740     ret = vmdk_pwritev(bs, offset, bytes, NULL, true, true);
1741     if (!ret) {
1742         ret = vmdk_pwritev(bs, offset, bytes, NULL, true, false);
1743     }
1744     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1745     return ret;
1746 }
1747 
1748 static int vmdk_init_extent(BlockBackend *blk,
1749                             int64_t filesize, bool flat,
1750                             bool compress, bool zeroed_grain,
1751                             Error **errp)
1752 {
1753     int ret, i;
1754     VMDK4Header header;
1755     uint32_t tmp, magic, grains, gd_sectors, gt_size, gt_count;
1756     uint32_t *gd_buf = NULL;
1757     int gd_buf_size;
1758 
1759     if (flat) {
1760         ret = blk_truncate(blk, filesize, PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, errp);
1761         goto exit;
1762     }
1763     magic = cpu_to_be32(VMDK4_MAGIC);
1764     memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
1765     if (compress) {
1766         header.version = 3;
1767     } else if (zeroed_grain) {
1768         header.version = 2;
1769     } else {
1770         header.version = 1;
1771     }
1772     header.flags = VMDK4_FLAG_RGD | VMDK4_FLAG_NL_DETECT
1773                    | (compress ? VMDK4_FLAG_COMPRESS | VMDK4_FLAG_MARKER : 0)
1774                    | (zeroed_grain ? VMDK4_FLAG_ZERO_GRAIN : 0);
1775     header.compressAlgorithm = compress ? VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE : 0;
1776     header.capacity = filesize / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1777     header.granularity = 128;
1778     header.num_gtes_per_gt = BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1779 
1780     grains = DIV_ROUND_UP(filesize / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, header.granularity);
1781     gt_size = DIV_ROUND_UP(header.num_gtes_per_gt * sizeof(uint32_t),
1782                            BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1783     gt_count = DIV_ROUND_UP(grains, header.num_gtes_per_gt);
1784     gd_sectors = DIV_ROUND_UP(gt_count * sizeof(uint32_t), BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1785 
1786     header.desc_offset = 1;
1787     header.desc_size = 20;
1788     header.rgd_offset = header.desc_offset + header.desc_size;
1789     header.gd_offset = header.rgd_offset + gd_sectors + (gt_size * gt_count);
1790     header.grain_offset =
1791         ROUND_UP(header.gd_offset + gd_sectors + (gt_size * gt_count),
1792                  header.granularity);
1793     /* swap endianness for all header fields */
1794     header.version = cpu_to_le32(header.version);
1795     header.flags = cpu_to_le32(header.flags);
1796     header.capacity = cpu_to_le64(header.capacity);
1797     header.granularity = cpu_to_le64(header.granularity);
1798     header.num_gtes_per_gt = cpu_to_le32(header.num_gtes_per_gt);
1799     header.desc_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.desc_offset);
1800     header.desc_size = cpu_to_le64(header.desc_size);
1801     header.rgd_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.rgd_offset);
1802     header.gd_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.gd_offset);
1803     header.grain_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.grain_offset);
1804     header.compressAlgorithm = cpu_to_le16(header.compressAlgorithm);
1805 
1806     header.check_bytes[0] = 0xa;
1807     header.check_bytes[1] = 0x20;
1808     header.check_bytes[2] = 0xd;
1809     header.check_bytes[3] = 0xa;
1810 
1811     /* write all the data */
1812     ret = blk_pwrite(blk, 0, &magic, sizeof(magic), 0);
1813     if (ret < 0) {
1814         error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
1815         goto exit;
1816     }
1817     ret = blk_pwrite(blk, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header), 0);
1818     if (ret < 0) {
1819         error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
1820         goto exit;
1821     }
1822 
1823     ret = blk_truncate(blk, le64_to_cpu(header.grain_offset) << 9,
1824                        PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, errp);
1825     if (ret < 0) {
1826         goto exit;
1827     }
1828 
1829     /* write grain directory */
1830     gd_buf_size = gd_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1831     gd_buf = g_malloc0(gd_buf_size);
1832     for (i = 0, tmp = le64_to_cpu(header.rgd_offset) + gd_sectors;
1833          i < gt_count; i++, tmp += gt_size) {
1834         gd_buf[i] = cpu_to_le32(tmp);
1835     }
1836     ret = blk_pwrite(blk, le64_to_cpu(header.rgd_offset) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1837                      gd_buf, gd_buf_size, 0);
1838     if (ret < 0) {
1839         error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
1840         goto exit;
1841     }
1842 
1843     /* write backup grain directory */
1844     for (i = 0, tmp = le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) + gd_sectors;
1845          i < gt_count; i++, tmp += gt_size) {
1846         gd_buf[i] = cpu_to_le32(tmp);
1847     }
1848     ret = blk_pwrite(blk, le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1849                      gd_buf, gd_buf_size, 0);
1850     if (ret < 0) {
1851         error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
1852     }
1853 
1854     ret = 0;
1855 exit:
1856     g_free(gd_buf);
1857     return ret;
1858 }
1859 
1860 static int vmdk_create_extent(const char *filename, int64_t filesize,
1861                               bool flat, bool compress, bool zeroed_grain,
1862                               BlockBackend **pbb,
1863                               QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1864 {
1865     int ret;
1866     BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
1867     Error *local_err = NULL;
1868 
1869     ret = bdrv_create_file(filename, opts, &local_err);
1870     if (ret < 0) {
1871         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1872         goto exit;
1873     }
1874 
1875     blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, NULL,
1876                        BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE | BDRV_O_PROTOCOL,
1877                        &local_err);
1878     if (blk == NULL) {
1879         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1880         ret = -EIO;
1881         goto exit;
1882     }
1883 
1884     blk_set_allow_write_beyond_eof(blk, true);
1885 
1886     ret = vmdk_init_extent(blk, filesize, flat, compress, zeroed_grain, errp);
1887 exit:
1888     if (blk) {
1889         if (pbb) {
1890             *pbb = blk;
1891         } else {
1892             blk_unref(blk);
1893             blk = NULL;
1894         }
1895     }
1896     return ret;
1897 }
1898 
1899 static int filename_decompose(const char *filename, char *path, char *prefix,
1900                               char *postfix, size_t buf_len, Error **errp)
1901 {
1902     const char *p, *q;
1903 
1904     if (filename == NULL || !strlen(filename)) {
1905         error_setg(errp, "No filename provided");
1906         return VMDK_ERROR;
1907     }
1908     p = strrchr(filename, '/');
1909     if (p == NULL) {
1910         p = strrchr(filename, '\\');
1911     }
1912     if (p == NULL) {
1913         p = strrchr(filename, ':');
1914     }
1915     if (p != NULL) {
1916         p++;
1917         if (p - filename >= buf_len) {
1918             return VMDK_ERROR;
1919         }
1920         pstrcpy(path, p - filename + 1, filename);
1921     } else {
1922         p = filename;
1923         path[0] = '\0';
1924     }
1925     q = strrchr(p, '.');
1926     if (q == NULL) {
1927         pstrcpy(prefix, buf_len, p);
1928         postfix[0] = '\0';
1929     } else {
1930         if (q - p >= buf_len) {
1931             return VMDK_ERROR;
1932         }
1933         pstrcpy(prefix, q - p + 1, p);
1934         pstrcpy(postfix, buf_len, q);
1935     }
1936     return VMDK_OK;
1937 }
1938 
1939 /*
1940  * idx == 0: get or create the descriptor file (also the image file if in a
1941  *           non-split format.
1942  * idx >= 1: get the n-th extent if in a split subformat
1943  */
1944 typedef BlockBackend *(*vmdk_create_extent_fn)(int64_t size,
1945                                                int idx,
1946                                                bool flat,
1947                                                bool split,
1948                                                bool compress,
1949                                                bool zeroed_grain,
1950                                                void *opaque,
1951                                                Error **errp);
1952 
1953 static void vmdk_desc_add_extent(GString *desc,
1954                                  const char *extent_line_fmt,
1955                                  int64_t size, const char *filename)
1956 {
1957     char *basename = g_path_get_basename(filename);
1958 
1959     g_string_append_printf(desc, extent_line_fmt,
1960                            DIV_ROUND_UP(size, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE), basename);
1961     g_free(basename);
1962 }
1963 
1964 static int coroutine_fn vmdk_co_do_create(int64_t size,
1965                                           BlockdevVmdkSubformat subformat,
1966                                           BlockdevVmdkAdapterType adapter_type,
1967                                           const char *backing_file,
1968                                           const char *hw_version,
1969                                           bool compat6,
1970                                           bool zeroed_grain,
1971                                           vmdk_create_extent_fn extent_fn,
1972                                           void *opaque,
1973                                           Error **errp)
1974 {
1975     int extent_idx;
1976     BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
1977     BlockBackend *extent_blk;
1978     Error *local_err = NULL;
1979     char *desc = NULL;
1980     int ret = 0;
1981     bool flat, split, compress;
1982     GString *ext_desc_lines;
1983     const int64_t split_size = 0x80000000;  /* VMDK has constant split size */
1984     int64_t extent_size;
1985     int64_t created_size = 0;
1986     const char *extent_line_fmt;
1987     char *parent_desc_line = g_malloc0(BUF_SIZE);
1988     uint32_t parent_cid = 0xffffffff;
1989     uint32_t number_heads = 16;
1990     uint32_t desc_offset = 0, desc_len;
1991     const char desc_template[] =
1992         "# Disk DescriptorFile\n"
1993         "version=1\n"
1994         "CID=%" PRIx32 "\n"
1995         "parentCID=%" PRIx32 "\n"
1996         "createType=\"%s\"\n"
1997         "%s"
1998         "\n"
1999         "# Extent description\n"
2000         "%s"
2001         "\n"
2002         "# The Disk Data Base\n"
2003         "#DDB\n"
2004         "\n"
2005         "ddb.virtualHWVersion = \"%s\"\n"
2006         "ddb.geometry.cylinders = \"%" PRId64 "\"\n"
2007         "ddb.geometry.heads = \"%" PRIu32 "\"\n"
2008         "ddb.geometry.sectors = \"63\"\n"
2009         "ddb.adapterType = \"%s\"\n";
2010 
2011     ext_desc_lines = g_string_new(NULL);
2012 
2013     /* Read out options */
2014     if (compat6) {
2015         if (hw_version) {
2016             error_setg(errp,
2017                        "compat6 cannot be enabled with hwversion set");
2018             ret = -EINVAL;
2019             goto exit;
2020         }
2021         hw_version = "6";
2022     }
2023     if (!hw_version) {
2024         hw_version = "4";
2025     }
2026 
2027     if (adapter_type != BLOCKDEV_VMDK_ADAPTER_TYPE_IDE) {
2028         /* that's the number of heads with which vmware operates when
2029            creating, exporting, etc. vmdk files with a non-ide adapter type */
2030         number_heads = 255;
2031     }
2032     split = (subformat == BLOCKDEV_VMDK_SUBFORMAT_TWOGBMAXEXTENTFLAT) ||
2033             (subformat == BLOCKDEV_VMDK_SUBFORMAT_TWOGBMAXEXTENTSPARSE);
2034     flat = (subformat == BLOCKDEV_VMDK_SUBFORMAT_MONOLITHICFLAT) ||
2035            (subformat == BLOCKDEV_VMDK_SUBFORMAT_TWOGBMAXEXTENTFLAT);
2036     compress = subformat == BLOCKDEV_VMDK_SUBFORMAT_STREAMOPTIMIZED;
2037 
2038     if (flat) {
2039         extent_line_fmt = "RW %" PRId64 " FLAT \"%s\" 0\n";
2040     } else {
2041         extent_line_fmt = "RW %" PRId64 " SPARSE \"%s\"\n";
2042     }
2043     if (flat && backing_file) {
2044         error_setg(errp, "Flat image can't have backing file");
2045         ret = -ENOTSUP;
2046         goto exit;
2047     }
2048     if (flat && zeroed_grain) {
2049         error_setg(errp, "Flat image can't enable zeroed grain");
2050         ret = -ENOTSUP;
2051         goto exit;
2052     }
2053 
2054     /* Create extents */
2055     if (split) {
2056         extent_size = split_size;
2057     } else {
2058         extent_size = size;
2059     }
2060     if (!split && !flat) {
2061         created_size = extent_size;
2062     } else {
2063         created_size = 0;
2064     }
2065     /* Get the descriptor file BDS */
2066     blk = extent_fn(created_size, 0, flat, split, compress, zeroed_grain,
2067                     opaque, errp);
2068     if (!blk) {
2069         ret = -EIO;
2070         goto exit;
2071     }
2072     if (!split && !flat) {
2073         vmdk_desc_add_extent(ext_desc_lines, extent_line_fmt, created_size,
2074                              blk_bs(blk)->filename);
2075     }
2076 
2077     if (backing_file) {
2078         BlockBackend *backing;
2079         char *full_backing =
2080             bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(blk_bs(blk)->filename,
2081                                                          backing_file,
2082                                                          &local_err);
2083         if (local_err) {
2084             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2085             ret = -ENOENT;
2086             goto exit;
2087         }
2088         assert(full_backing);
2089 
2090         backing = blk_new_open(full_backing, NULL, NULL,
2091                                BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, errp);
2092         g_free(full_backing);
2093         if (backing == NULL) {
2094             ret = -EIO;
2095             goto exit;
2096         }
2097         if (strcmp(blk_bs(backing)->drv->format_name, "vmdk")) {
2098             error_setg(errp, "Invalid backing file format: %s. Must be vmdk",
2099                        blk_bs(backing)->drv->format_name);
2100             blk_unref(backing);
2101             ret = -EINVAL;
2102             goto exit;
2103         }
2104         ret = vmdk_read_cid(blk_bs(backing), 0, &parent_cid);
2105         blk_unref(backing);
2106         if (ret) {
2107             error_setg(errp, "Failed to read parent CID");
2108             goto exit;
2109         }
2110         snprintf(parent_desc_line, BUF_SIZE,
2111                 "parentFileNameHint=\"%s\"", backing_file);
2112     }
2113     extent_idx = 1;
2114     while (created_size < size) {
2115         int64_t cur_size = MIN(size - created_size, extent_size);
2116         extent_blk = extent_fn(cur_size, extent_idx, flat, split, compress,
2117                                zeroed_grain, opaque, errp);
2118         if (!extent_blk) {
2119             ret = -EINVAL;
2120             goto exit;
2121         }
2122         vmdk_desc_add_extent(ext_desc_lines, extent_line_fmt, cur_size,
2123                              blk_bs(extent_blk)->filename);
2124         created_size += cur_size;
2125         extent_idx++;
2126         blk_unref(extent_blk);
2127     }
2128 
2129     /* Check whether we got excess extents */
2130     extent_blk = extent_fn(-1, extent_idx, flat, split, compress, zeroed_grain,
2131                            opaque, NULL);
2132     if (extent_blk) {
2133         blk_unref(extent_blk);
2134         error_setg(errp, "List of extents contains unused extents");
2135         ret = -EINVAL;
2136         goto exit;
2137     }
2138 
2139     /* generate descriptor file */
2140     desc = g_strdup_printf(desc_template,
2141                            g_random_int(),
2142                            parent_cid,
2143                            BlockdevVmdkSubformat_str(subformat),
2144                            parent_desc_line,
2145                            ext_desc_lines->str,
2146                            hw_version,
2147                            size /
2148                                (int64_t)(63 * number_heads * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE),
2149                            number_heads,
2150                            BlockdevVmdkAdapterType_str(adapter_type));
2151     desc_len = strlen(desc);
2152     /* the descriptor offset = 0x200 */
2153     if (!split && !flat) {
2154         desc_offset = 0x200;
2155     }
2156 
2157     ret = blk_pwrite(blk, desc_offset, desc, desc_len, 0);
2158     if (ret < 0) {
2159         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not write description");
2160         goto exit;
2161     }
2162     /* bdrv_pwrite write padding zeros to align to sector, we don't need that
2163      * for description file */
2164     if (desc_offset == 0) {
2165         ret = blk_truncate(blk, desc_len, PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, errp);
2166         if (ret < 0) {
2167             goto exit;
2168         }
2169     }
2170     ret = 0;
2171 exit:
2172     if (blk) {
2173         blk_unref(blk);
2174     }
2175     g_free(desc);
2176     g_free(parent_desc_line);
2177     g_string_free(ext_desc_lines, true);
2178     return ret;
2179 }
2180 
2181 typedef struct {
2182     char *path;
2183     char *prefix;
2184     char *postfix;
2185     QemuOpts *opts;
2186 } VMDKCreateOptsData;
2187 
2188 static BlockBackend *vmdk_co_create_opts_cb(int64_t size, int idx,
2189                                             bool flat, bool split, bool compress,
2190                                             bool zeroed_grain, void *opaque,
2191                                             Error **errp)
2192 {
2193     BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
2194     BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2195     VMDKCreateOptsData *data = opaque;
2196     char *ext_filename = NULL;
2197     char *rel_filename = NULL;
2198 
2199     /* We're done, don't create excess extents. */
2200     if (size == -1) {
2201         assert(errp == NULL);
2202         return NULL;
2203     }
2204 
2205     if (idx == 0) {
2206         rel_filename = g_strdup_printf("%s%s", data->prefix, data->postfix);
2207     } else if (split) {
2208         rel_filename = g_strdup_printf("%s-%c%03d%s",
2209                                        data->prefix,
2210                                        flat ? 'f' : 's', idx, data->postfix);
2211     } else {
2212         assert(idx == 1);
2213         rel_filename = g_strdup_printf("%s-flat%s", data->prefix, data->postfix);
2214     }
2215 
2216     ext_filename = g_strdup_printf("%s%s", data->path, rel_filename);
2217     g_free(rel_filename);
2218 
2219     if (vmdk_create_extent(ext_filename, size,
2220                            flat, compress, zeroed_grain, &blk, data->opts,
2221                            errp)) {
2222         goto exit;
2223     }
2224     bdrv_unref(bs);
2225 exit:
2226     g_free(ext_filename);
2227     return blk;
2228 }
2229 
2230 static int coroutine_fn vmdk_co_create_opts(const char *filename, QemuOpts *opts,
2231                                             Error **errp)
2232 {
2233     Error *local_err = NULL;
2234     char *desc = NULL;
2235     int64_t total_size = 0;
2236     char *adapter_type = NULL;
2237     BlockdevVmdkAdapterType adapter_type_enum;
2238     char *backing_file = NULL;
2239     char *hw_version = NULL;
2240     char *fmt = NULL;
2241     BlockdevVmdkSubformat subformat;
2242     int ret = 0;
2243     char *path = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
2244     char *prefix = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
2245     char *postfix = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
2246     char *desc_line = g_malloc0(BUF_SIZE);
2247     char *ext_filename = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
2248     char *desc_filename = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
2249     char *parent_desc_line = g_malloc0(BUF_SIZE);
2250     bool zeroed_grain;
2251     bool compat6;
2252     VMDKCreateOptsData data;
2253 
2254     if (filename_decompose(filename, path, prefix, postfix, PATH_MAX, errp)) {
2255         ret = -EINVAL;
2256         goto exit;
2257     }
2258     /* Read out options */
2259     total_size = ROUND_UP(qemu_opt_get_size_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0),
2260                           BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2261     adapter_type = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ADAPTER_TYPE);
2262     backing_file = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2263     hw_version = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_HWVERSION);
2264     compat6 = qemu_opt_get_bool_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6, false);
2265     if (strcmp(hw_version, "undefined") == 0) {
2266         g_free(hw_version);
2267         hw_version = NULL;
2268     }
2269     fmt = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT);
2270     zeroed_grain = qemu_opt_get_bool_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ZEROED_GRAIN, false);
2271 
2272     if (adapter_type) {
2273         adapter_type_enum = qapi_enum_parse(&BlockdevVmdkAdapterType_lookup,
2274                                             adapter_type,
2275                                             BLOCKDEV_VMDK_ADAPTER_TYPE_IDE,
2276                                             &local_err);
2277         if (local_err) {
2278             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2279             ret = -EINVAL;
2280             goto exit;
2281         }
2282     } else {
2283         adapter_type_enum = BLOCKDEV_VMDK_ADAPTER_TYPE_IDE;
2284     }
2285 
2286     if (!fmt) {
2287         /* Default format to monolithicSparse */
2288         subformat = BLOCKDEV_VMDK_SUBFORMAT_MONOLITHICSPARSE;
2289     } else {
2290         subformat = qapi_enum_parse(&BlockdevVmdkSubformat_lookup,
2291                                     fmt,
2292                                     BLOCKDEV_VMDK_SUBFORMAT_MONOLITHICSPARSE,
2293                                     &local_err);
2294         if (local_err) {
2295             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2296             ret = -EINVAL;
2297             goto exit;
2298         }
2299     }
2300     data = (VMDKCreateOptsData){
2301         .prefix = prefix,
2302         .postfix = postfix,
2303         .path = path,
2304         .opts = opts,
2305     };
2306     ret = vmdk_co_do_create(total_size, subformat, adapter_type_enum,
2307                             backing_file, hw_version, compat6, zeroed_grain,
2308                             vmdk_co_create_opts_cb, &data, errp);
2309 
2310 exit:
2311     g_free(adapter_type);
2312     g_free(backing_file);
2313     g_free(hw_version);
2314     g_free(fmt);
2315     g_free(desc);
2316     g_free(path);
2317     g_free(prefix);
2318     g_free(postfix);
2319     g_free(desc_line);
2320     g_free(ext_filename);
2321     g_free(desc_filename);
2322     g_free(parent_desc_line);
2323     return ret;
2324 }
2325 
2326 static BlockBackend *vmdk_co_create_cb(int64_t size, int idx,
2327                                        bool flat, bool split, bool compress,
2328                                        bool zeroed_grain, void *opaque,
2329                                        Error **errp)
2330 {
2331     int ret;
2332     BlockDriverState *bs;
2333     BlockBackend *blk;
2334     BlockdevCreateOptionsVmdk *opts = opaque;
2335 
2336     if (idx == 0) {
2337         bs = bdrv_open_blockdev_ref(opts->file, errp);
2338     } else {
2339         int i;
2340         BlockdevRefList *list = opts->extents;
2341         for (i = 1; i < idx; i++) {
2342             if (!list || !list->next) {
2343                 error_setg(errp, "Extent [%d] not specified", i);
2344                 return NULL;
2345             }
2346             list = list->next;
2347         }
2348         if (!list) {
2349             error_setg(errp, "Extent [%d] not specified", idx - 1);
2350             return NULL;
2351         }
2352         bs = bdrv_open_blockdev_ref(list->value, errp);
2353     }
2354     if (!bs) {
2355         return NULL;
2356     }
2357     blk = blk_new(BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ | BLK_PERM_WRITE | BLK_PERM_RESIZE,
2358                   BLK_PERM_ALL);
2359     if (blk_insert_bs(blk, bs, errp)) {
2360         bdrv_unref(bs);
2361         return NULL;
2362     }
2363     blk_set_allow_write_beyond_eof(blk, true);
2364     bdrv_unref(bs);
2365 
2366     if (size != -1) {
2367         ret = vmdk_init_extent(blk, size, flat, compress, zeroed_grain, errp);
2368         if (ret) {
2369             blk_unref(blk);
2370             blk = NULL;
2371         }
2372     }
2373     return blk;
2374 }
2375 
2376 static int coroutine_fn vmdk_co_create(BlockdevCreateOptions *create_options,
2377                                        Error **errp)
2378 {
2379     int ret;
2380     BlockdevCreateOptionsVmdk *opts;
2381 
2382     opts = &create_options->u.vmdk;
2383 
2384     /* Validate options */
2385     if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(opts->size, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
2386         error_setg(errp, "Image size must be a multiple of 512 bytes");
2387         ret = -EINVAL;
2388         goto out;
2389     }
2390 
2391     ret = vmdk_co_do_create(opts->size,
2392                             opts->subformat,
2393                             opts->adapter_type,
2394                             opts->backing_file,
2395                             opts->hwversion,
2396                             false,
2397                             opts->zeroed_grain,
2398                             vmdk_co_create_cb,
2399                             opts, errp);
2400     return ret;
2401 
2402 out:
2403     return ret;
2404 }
2405 
2406 static void vmdk_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
2407 {
2408     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2409 
2410     vmdk_free_extents(bs);
2411     g_free(s->create_type);
2412 
2413     migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
2414     error_free(s->migration_blocker);
2415 }
2416 
2417 static coroutine_fn int vmdk_co_flush(BlockDriverState *bs)
2418 {
2419     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2420     int i, err;
2421     int ret = 0;
2422 
2423     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
2424         err = bdrv_co_flush(s->extents[i].file->bs);
2425         if (err < 0) {
2426             ret = err;
2427         }
2428     }
2429     return ret;
2430 }
2431 
2432 static int64_t vmdk_get_allocated_file_size(BlockDriverState *bs)
2433 {
2434     int i;
2435     int64_t ret = 0;
2436     int64_t r;
2437     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2438 
2439     ret = bdrv_get_allocated_file_size(bs->file->bs);
2440     if (ret < 0) {
2441         return ret;
2442     }
2443     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
2444         if (s->extents[i].file == bs->file) {
2445             continue;
2446         }
2447         r = bdrv_get_allocated_file_size(s->extents[i].file->bs);
2448         if (r < 0) {
2449             return r;
2450         }
2451         ret += r;
2452     }
2453     return ret;
2454 }
2455 
2456 static int vmdk_has_zero_init(BlockDriverState *bs)
2457 {
2458     int i;
2459     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2460 
2461     /* If has a flat extent and its underlying storage doesn't have zero init,
2462      * return 0. */
2463     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
2464         if (s->extents[i].flat) {
2465             if (!bdrv_has_zero_init(s->extents[i].file->bs)) {
2466                 return 0;
2467             }
2468         }
2469     }
2470     return 1;
2471 }
2472 
2473 static ImageInfo *vmdk_get_extent_info(VmdkExtent *extent)
2474 {
2475     ImageInfo *info = g_new0(ImageInfo, 1);
2476 
2477     bdrv_refresh_filename(extent->file->bs);
2478     *info = (ImageInfo){
2479         .filename         = g_strdup(extent->file->bs->filename),
2480         .format           = g_strdup(extent->type),
2481         .virtual_size     = extent->sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2482         .compressed       = extent->compressed,
2483         .has_compressed   = extent->compressed,
2484         .cluster_size     = extent->cluster_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2485         .has_cluster_size = !extent->flat,
2486     };
2487 
2488     return info;
2489 }
2490 
2491 static int coroutine_fn vmdk_co_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
2492                                       BdrvCheckResult *result,
2493                                       BdrvCheckMode fix)
2494 {
2495     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2496     VmdkExtent *extent = NULL;
2497     int64_t sector_num = 0;
2498     int64_t total_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(bs);
2499     int ret;
2500     uint64_t cluster_offset;
2501 
2502     if (fix) {
2503         return -ENOTSUP;
2504     }
2505 
2506     for (;;) {
2507         if (sector_num >= total_sectors) {
2508             return 0;
2509         }
2510         extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, extent);
2511         if (!extent) {
2512             fprintf(stderr,
2513                     "ERROR: could not find extent for sector %" PRId64 "\n",
2514                     sector_num);
2515             ret = -EINVAL;
2516             break;
2517         }
2518         ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, NULL,
2519                                  sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2520                                  false, &cluster_offset, 0, 0);
2521         if (ret == VMDK_ERROR) {
2522             fprintf(stderr,
2523                     "ERROR: could not get cluster_offset for sector %"
2524                     PRId64 "\n", sector_num);
2525             break;
2526         }
2527         if (ret == VMDK_OK) {
2528             int64_t extent_len = bdrv_getlength(extent->file->bs);
2529             if (extent_len < 0) {
2530                 fprintf(stderr,
2531                         "ERROR: could not get extent file length for sector %"
2532                         PRId64 "\n", sector_num);
2533                 ret = extent_len;
2534                 break;
2535             }
2536             if (cluster_offset >= extent_len) {
2537                 fprintf(stderr,
2538                         "ERROR: cluster offset for sector %"
2539                         PRId64 " points after EOF\n", sector_num);
2540                 ret = -EINVAL;
2541                 break;
2542             }
2543         }
2544         sector_num += extent->cluster_sectors;
2545     }
2546 
2547     result->corruptions++;
2548     return ret;
2549 }
2550 
2551 static ImageInfoSpecific *vmdk_get_specific_info(BlockDriverState *bs,
2552                                                  Error **errp)
2553 {
2554     int i;
2555     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2556     ImageInfoSpecific *spec_info = g_new0(ImageInfoSpecific, 1);
2557     ImageInfoList **next;
2558 
2559     *spec_info = (ImageInfoSpecific){
2560         .type = IMAGE_INFO_SPECIFIC_KIND_VMDK,
2561         .u = {
2562             .vmdk.data = g_new0(ImageInfoSpecificVmdk, 1),
2563         },
2564     };
2565 
2566     *spec_info->u.vmdk.data = (ImageInfoSpecificVmdk) {
2567         .create_type = g_strdup(s->create_type),
2568         .cid = s->cid,
2569         .parent_cid = s->parent_cid,
2570     };
2571 
2572     next = &spec_info->u.vmdk.data->extents;
2573     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
2574         *next = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2575         (*next)->value = vmdk_get_extent_info(&s->extents[i]);
2576         (*next)->next = NULL;
2577         next = &(*next)->next;
2578     }
2579 
2580     return spec_info;
2581 }
2582 
2583 static bool vmdk_extents_type_eq(const VmdkExtent *a, const VmdkExtent *b)
2584 {
2585     return a->flat == b->flat &&
2586            a->compressed == b->compressed &&
2587            (a->flat || a->cluster_sectors == b->cluster_sectors);
2588 }
2589 
2590 static int vmdk_get_info(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverInfo *bdi)
2591 {
2592     int i;
2593     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
2594     assert(s->num_extents);
2595 
2596     /* See if we have multiple extents but they have different cases */
2597     for (i = 1; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
2598         if (!vmdk_extents_type_eq(&s->extents[0], &s->extents[i])) {
2599             return -ENOTSUP;
2600         }
2601     }
2602     bdi->needs_compressed_writes = s->extents[0].compressed;
2603     if (!s->extents[0].flat) {
2604         bdi->cluster_size = s->extents[0].cluster_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2605     }
2606     return 0;
2607 }
2608 
2609 static void vmdk_gather_child_options(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *target,
2610                                       bool backing_overridden)
2611 {
2612     /* No children but file and backing can be explicitly specified (TODO) */
2613     qdict_put(target, "file",
2614               qobject_ref(bs->file->bs->full_open_options));
2615 
2616     if (backing_overridden) {
2617         if (bs->backing) {
2618             qdict_put(target, "backing",
2619                       qobject_ref(bs->backing->bs->full_open_options));
2620         } else {
2621             qdict_put_null(target, "backing");
2622         }
2623     }
2624 }
2625 
2626 static QemuOptsList vmdk_create_opts = {
2627     .name = "vmdk-create-opts",
2628     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(vmdk_create_opts.head),
2629     .desc = {
2630         {
2631             .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
2632             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
2633             .help = "Virtual disk size"
2634         },
2635         {
2636             .name = BLOCK_OPT_ADAPTER_TYPE,
2637             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2638             .help = "Virtual adapter type, can be one of "
2639                     "ide (default), lsilogic, buslogic or legacyESX"
2640         },
2641         {
2642             .name = BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE,
2643             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2644             .help = "File name of a base image"
2645         },
2646         {
2647             .name = BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6,
2648             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2649             .help = "VMDK version 6 image",
2650             .def_value_str = "off"
2651         },
2652         {
2653             .name = BLOCK_OPT_HWVERSION,
2654             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2655             .help = "VMDK hardware version",
2656             .def_value_str = "undefined"
2657         },
2658         {
2659             .name = BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT,
2660             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2661             .help =
2662                 "VMDK flat extent format, can be one of "
2663                 "{monolithicSparse (default) | monolithicFlat | twoGbMaxExtentSparse | twoGbMaxExtentFlat | streamOptimized} "
2664         },
2665         {
2666             .name = BLOCK_OPT_ZEROED_GRAIN,
2667             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2668             .help = "Enable efficient zero writes "
2669                     "using the zeroed-grain GTE feature"
2670         },
2671         { /* end of list */ }
2672     }
2673 };
2674 
2675 static BlockDriver bdrv_vmdk = {
2676     .format_name                  = "vmdk",
2677     .instance_size                = sizeof(BDRVVmdkState),
2678     .bdrv_probe                   = vmdk_probe,
2679     .bdrv_open                    = vmdk_open,
2680     .bdrv_co_check                = vmdk_co_check,
2681     .bdrv_reopen_prepare          = vmdk_reopen_prepare,
2682     .bdrv_child_perm              = bdrv_format_default_perms,
2683     .bdrv_co_preadv               = vmdk_co_preadv,
2684     .bdrv_co_pwritev              = vmdk_co_pwritev,
2685     .bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed   = vmdk_co_pwritev_compressed,
2686     .bdrv_co_pwrite_zeroes        = vmdk_co_pwrite_zeroes,
2687     .bdrv_close                   = vmdk_close,
2688     .bdrv_co_create_opts          = vmdk_co_create_opts,
2689     .bdrv_co_create               = vmdk_co_create,
2690     .bdrv_co_flush_to_disk        = vmdk_co_flush,
2691     .bdrv_co_block_status         = vmdk_co_block_status,
2692     .bdrv_get_allocated_file_size = vmdk_get_allocated_file_size,
2693     .bdrv_has_zero_init           = vmdk_has_zero_init,
2694     .bdrv_get_specific_info       = vmdk_get_specific_info,
2695     .bdrv_refresh_limits          = vmdk_refresh_limits,
2696     .bdrv_get_info                = vmdk_get_info,
2697     .bdrv_gather_child_options    = vmdk_gather_child_options,
2698 
2699     .supports_backing             = true,
2700     .create_opts                  = &vmdk_create_opts,
2701 };
2702 
2703 static void bdrv_vmdk_init(void)
2704 {
2705     bdrv_register(&bdrv_vmdk);
2706 }
2707 
2708 block_init(bdrv_vmdk_init);
2709