xref: /openbmc/qemu/block/vhdx.c (revision b86caf7a)
1 /*
2  * Block driver for Hyper-V VHDX Images
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2013 Red Hat, Inc.,
5  *
6  * Authors:
7  *  Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
8  *
9  *  This is based on the "VHDX Format Specification v1.00", published 8/25/2012
10  *  by Microsoft:
11  *      https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=34750
12  *
13  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2 or later.
14  * See the COPYING.LIB file in the top-level directory.
15  *
16  */
17 
18 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
19 #include "qapi/error.h"
20 #include "qemu-common.h"
21 #include "block/block_int.h"
22 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
23 #include "qemu/module.h"
24 #include "qemu/crc32c.h"
25 #include "qemu/bswap.h"
26 #include "block/vhdx.h"
27 #include "migration/blocker.h"
28 #include "qemu/uuid.h"
29 
30 /* Options for VHDX creation */
31 
32 #define VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_LOG_SIZE   "log_size"
33 #define VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_BLOCK_SIZE "block_size"
34 #define VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_ZERO "block_state_zero"
35 
36 typedef enum VHDXImageType {
37     VHDX_TYPE_DYNAMIC = 0,
38     VHDX_TYPE_FIXED,
39     VHDX_TYPE_DIFFERENCING,   /* Currently unsupported */
40 } VHDXImageType;
41 
42 /* Several metadata and region table data entries are identified by
43  * guids in  a MS-specific GUID format. */
44 
45 
46 /* ------- Known Region Table GUIDs ---------------------- */
47 static const MSGUID bat_guid =      { .data1 = 0x2dc27766,
48                                       .data2 = 0xf623,
49                                       .data3 = 0x4200,
50                                       .data4 = { 0x9d, 0x64, 0x11, 0x5e,
51                                                  0x9b, 0xfd, 0x4a, 0x08} };
52 
53 static const MSGUID metadata_guid = { .data1 = 0x8b7ca206,
54                                       .data2 = 0x4790,
55                                       .data3 = 0x4b9a,
56                                       .data4 = { 0xb8, 0xfe, 0x57, 0x5f,
57                                                  0x05, 0x0f, 0x88, 0x6e} };
58 
59 
60 
61 /* ------- Known Metadata Entry GUIDs ---------------------- */
62 static const MSGUID file_param_guid =   { .data1 = 0xcaa16737,
63                                           .data2 = 0xfa36,
64                                           .data3 = 0x4d43,
65                                           .data4 = { 0xb3, 0xb6, 0x33, 0xf0,
66                                                      0xaa, 0x44, 0xe7, 0x6b} };
67 
68 static const MSGUID virtual_size_guid = { .data1 = 0x2FA54224,
69                                           .data2 = 0xcd1b,
70                                           .data3 = 0x4876,
71                                           .data4 = { 0xb2, 0x11, 0x5d, 0xbe,
72                                                      0xd8, 0x3b, 0xf4, 0xb8} };
73 
74 static const MSGUID page83_guid =       { .data1 = 0xbeca12ab,
75                                           .data2 = 0xb2e6,
76                                           .data3 = 0x4523,
77                                           .data4 = { 0x93, 0xef, 0xc3, 0x09,
78                                                      0xe0, 0x00, 0xc7, 0x46} };
79 
80 
81 static const MSGUID phys_sector_guid =  { .data1 = 0xcda348c7,
82                                           .data2 = 0x445d,
83                                           .data3 = 0x4471,
84                                           .data4 = { 0x9c, 0xc9, 0xe9, 0x88,
85                                                      0x52, 0x51, 0xc5, 0x56} };
86 
87 static const MSGUID parent_locator_guid = { .data1 = 0xa8d35f2d,
88                                             .data2 = 0xb30b,
89                                             .data3 = 0x454d,
90                                             .data4 = { 0xab, 0xf7, 0xd3,
91                                                        0xd8, 0x48, 0x34,
92                                                        0xab, 0x0c} };
93 
94 static const MSGUID logical_sector_guid = { .data1 = 0x8141bf1d,
95                                             .data2 = 0xa96f,
96                                             .data3 = 0x4709,
97                                             .data4 = { 0xba, 0x47, 0xf2,
98                                                        0x33, 0xa8, 0xfa,
99                                                        0xab, 0x5f} };
100 
101 /* Each parent type must have a valid GUID; this is for parent images
102  * of type 'VHDX'.  If we were to allow e.g. a QCOW2 parent, we would
103  * need to make up our own QCOW2 GUID type */
104 static const MSGUID parent_vhdx_guid __attribute__((unused))
105                                      = { .data1 = 0xb04aefb7,
106                                          .data2 = 0xd19e,
107                                          .data3 = 0x4a81,
108                                          .data4 = { 0xb7, 0x89, 0x25, 0xb8,
109                                                     0xe9, 0x44, 0x59, 0x13} };
110 
111 
112 #define META_FILE_PARAMETER_PRESENT      0x01
113 #define META_VIRTUAL_DISK_SIZE_PRESENT   0x02
114 #define META_PAGE_83_PRESENT             0x04
115 #define META_LOGICAL_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT 0x08
116 #define META_PHYS_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT    0x10
117 #define META_PARENT_LOCATOR_PRESENT      0x20
118 
119 #define META_ALL_PRESENT    \
120     (META_FILE_PARAMETER_PRESENT | META_VIRTUAL_DISK_SIZE_PRESENT | \
121      META_PAGE_83_PRESENT | META_LOGICAL_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT | \
122      META_PHYS_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT)
123 
124 
125 typedef struct VHDXSectorInfo {
126     uint32_t bat_idx;       /* BAT entry index */
127     uint32_t sectors_avail; /* sectors available in payload block */
128     uint32_t bytes_left;    /* bytes left in the block after data to r/w */
129     uint32_t bytes_avail;   /* bytes available in payload block */
130     uint64_t file_offset;   /* absolute offset in bytes, in file */
131     uint64_t block_offset;  /* block offset, in bytes */
132 } VHDXSectorInfo;
133 
134 /* Calculates new checksum.
135  *
136  * Zero is substituted during crc calculation for the original crc field
137  * crc_offset: byte offset in buf of the buffer crc
138  * buf: buffer pointer
139  * size: size of buffer (must be > crc_offset+4)
140  *
141  * Note: The buffer should have all multi-byte data in little-endian format,
142  *       and the resulting checksum is in little endian format.
143  */
144 uint32_t vhdx_update_checksum(uint8_t *buf, size_t size, int crc_offset)
145 {
146     uint32_t crc;
147 
148     assert(buf != NULL);
149     assert(size > (crc_offset + sizeof(crc)));
150 
151     memset(buf + crc_offset, 0, sizeof(crc));
152     crc =  crc32c(0xffffffff, buf, size);
153     cpu_to_le32s(&crc);
154     memcpy(buf + crc_offset, &crc, sizeof(crc));
155 
156     return crc;
157 }
158 
159 uint32_t vhdx_checksum_calc(uint32_t crc, uint8_t *buf, size_t size,
160                             int crc_offset)
161 {
162     uint32_t crc_new;
163     uint32_t crc_orig;
164     assert(buf != NULL);
165 
166     if (crc_offset > 0) {
167         memcpy(&crc_orig, buf + crc_offset, sizeof(crc_orig));
168         memset(buf + crc_offset, 0, sizeof(crc_orig));
169     }
170 
171     crc_new = crc32c(crc, buf, size);
172     if (crc_offset > 0) {
173         memcpy(buf + crc_offset, &crc_orig, sizeof(crc_orig));
174     }
175 
176     return crc_new;
177 }
178 
179 /* Validates the checksum of the buffer, with an in-place CRC.
180  *
181  * Zero is substituted during crc calculation for the original crc field,
182  * and the crc field is restored afterwards.  But the buffer will be modifed
183  * during the calculation, so this may not be not suitable for multi-threaded
184  * use.
185  *
186  * crc_offset: byte offset in buf of the buffer crc
187  * buf: buffer pointer
188  * size: size of buffer (must be > crc_offset+4)
189  *
190  * returns true if checksum is valid, false otherwise
191  */
192 bool vhdx_checksum_is_valid(uint8_t *buf, size_t size, int crc_offset)
193 {
194     uint32_t crc_orig;
195     uint32_t crc;
196 
197     assert(buf != NULL);
198     assert(size > (crc_offset + 4));
199 
200     memcpy(&crc_orig, buf + crc_offset, sizeof(crc_orig));
201     crc_orig = le32_to_cpu(crc_orig);
202 
203     crc = vhdx_checksum_calc(0xffffffff, buf, size, crc_offset);
204 
205     return crc == crc_orig;
206 }
207 
208 
209 /*
210  * This generates a UUID that is compliant with the MS GUIDs used
211  * in the VHDX spec (and elsewhere).
212  */
213 void vhdx_guid_generate(MSGUID *guid)
214 {
215     QemuUUID uuid;
216     assert(guid != NULL);
217 
218     qemu_uuid_generate(&uuid);
219     memcpy(guid, &uuid, sizeof(MSGUID));
220 }
221 
222 /* Check for region overlaps inside the VHDX image */
223 static int vhdx_region_check(BDRVVHDXState *s, uint64_t start, uint64_t length)
224 {
225     int ret = 0;
226     uint64_t end;
227     VHDXRegionEntry *r;
228 
229     end = start + length;
230     QLIST_FOREACH(r, &s->regions, entries) {
231         if (!((start >= r->end) || (end <= r->start))) {
232             ret = -EINVAL;
233             goto exit;
234         }
235     }
236 
237 exit:
238     return ret;
239 }
240 
241 /* Register a region for future checks */
242 static void vhdx_region_register(BDRVVHDXState *s,
243                                  uint64_t start, uint64_t length)
244 {
245     VHDXRegionEntry *r;
246 
247     r = g_malloc0(sizeof(*r));
248 
249     r->start = start;
250     r->end = start + length;
251 
252     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&s->regions, r, entries);
253 }
254 
255 /* Free all registered regions */
256 static void vhdx_region_unregister_all(BDRVVHDXState *s)
257 {
258     VHDXRegionEntry *r, *r_next;
259 
260     QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(r, &s->regions, entries, r_next) {
261         QLIST_REMOVE(r, entries);
262         g_free(r);
263     }
264 }
265 
266 static void vhdx_set_shift_bits(BDRVVHDXState *s)
267 {
268     s->logical_sector_size_bits = ctz32(s->logical_sector_size);
269     s->sectors_per_block_bits =   ctz32(s->sectors_per_block);
270     s->chunk_ratio_bits =         ctz64(s->chunk_ratio);
271     s->block_size_bits =          ctz32(s->block_size);
272 }
273 
274 /*
275  * Per the MS VHDX Specification, for every VHDX file:
276  *      - The header section is fixed size - 1 MB
277  *      - The header section is always the first "object"
278  *      - The first 64KB of the header is the File Identifier
279  *      - The first uint64 (8 bytes) is the VHDX Signature ("vhdxfile")
280  *      - The following 512 bytes constitute a UTF-16 string identifiying the
281  *        software that created the file, and is optional and diagnostic only.
282  *
283  *  Therefore, we probe by looking for the vhdxfile signature "vhdxfile"
284  */
285 static int vhdx_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
286 {
287     if (buf_size >= 8 && !memcmp(buf, "vhdxfile", 8)) {
288         return 100;
289     }
290     return 0;
291 }
292 
293 /*
294  * Writes the header to the specified offset.
295  *
296  * This will optionally read in buffer data from disk (otherwise zero-fill),
297  * and then update the header checksum.  Header is converted to proper
298  * endianness before being written to the specified file offset
299  */
300 static int vhdx_write_header(BdrvChild *file, VHDXHeader *hdr,
301                              uint64_t offset, bool read)
302 {
303     BlockDriverState *bs_file = file->bs;
304     uint8_t *buffer = NULL;
305     int ret;
306     VHDXHeader *header_le;
307 
308     assert(bs_file != NULL);
309     assert(hdr != NULL);
310 
311     /* the header checksum is not over just the packed size of VHDXHeader,
312      * but rather over the entire 'reserved' range for the header, which is
313      * 4KB (VHDX_HEADER_SIZE). */
314 
315     buffer = qemu_blockalign(bs_file, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE);
316     if (read) {
317         /* if true, we can't assume the extra reserved bytes are 0 */
318         ret = bdrv_pread(file, offset, buffer, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE);
319         if (ret < 0) {
320             goto exit;
321         }
322     } else {
323         memset(buffer, 0, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE);
324     }
325 
326     /* overwrite the actual VHDXHeader portion */
327     header_le = (VHDXHeader *)buffer;
328     memcpy(header_le, hdr, sizeof(VHDXHeader));
329     vhdx_header_le_export(hdr, header_le);
330     vhdx_update_checksum(buffer, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE,
331                          offsetof(VHDXHeader, checksum));
332     ret = bdrv_pwrite_sync(file, offset, header_le, sizeof(VHDXHeader));
333 
334 exit:
335     qemu_vfree(buffer);
336     return ret;
337 }
338 
339 /* Update the VHDX headers
340  *
341  * This follows the VHDX spec procedures for header updates.
342  *
343  *  - non-current header is updated with largest sequence number
344  */
345 static int vhdx_update_header(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s,
346                               bool generate_data_write_guid, MSGUID *log_guid)
347 {
348     int ret = 0;
349     int hdr_idx = 0;
350     uint64_t header_offset = VHDX_HEADER1_OFFSET;
351 
352     VHDXHeader *active_header;
353     VHDXHeader *inactive_header;
354 
355     /* operate on the non-current header */
356     if (s->curr_header == 0) {
357         hdr_idx = 1;
358         header_offset = VHDX_HEADER2_OFFSET;
359     }
360 
361     active_header   = s->headers[s->curr_header];
362     inactive_header = s->headers[hdr_idx];
363 
364     inactive_header->sequence_number = active_header->sequence_number + 1;
365 
366     /* a new file guid must be generated before any file write, including
367      * headers */
368     inactive_header->file_write_guid = s->session_guid;
369 
370     /* a new data guid only needs to be generated before any guest-visible
371      * writes (i.e. something observable via virtual disk read) */
372     if (generate_data_write_guid) {
373         vhdx_guid_generate(&inactive_header->data_write_guid);
374     }
375 
376     /* update the log guid if present */
377     if (log_guid) {
378         inactive_header->log_guid = *log_guid;
379     }
380 
381     ret = vhdx_write_header(bs->file, inactive_header, header_offset, true);
382     if (ret < 0) {
383         goto exit;
384     }
385     s->curr_header = hdr_idx;
386 
387 exit:
388     return ret;
389 }
390 
391 /*
392  * The VHDX spec calls for header updates to be performed twice, so that both
393  * the current and non-current header have valid info
394  */
395 int vhdx_update_headers(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s,
396                         bool generate_data_write_guid, MSGUID *log_guid)
397 {
398     int ret;
399 
400     ret = vhdx_update_header(bs, s, generate_data_write_guid, log_guid);
401     if (ret < 0) {
402         return ret;
403     }
404     ret = vhdx_update_header(bs, s, generate_data_write_guid, log_guid);
405     return ret;
406 }
407 
408 /* opens the specified header block from the VHDX file header section */
409 static void vhdx_parse_header(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s,
410                               Error **errp)
411 {
412     int ret;
413     VHDXHeader *header1;
414     VHDXHeader *header2;
415     bool h1_valid = false;
416     bool h2_valid = false;
417     uint64_t h1_seq = 0;
418     uint64_t h2_seq = 0;
419     uint8_t *buffer;
420 
421     /* header1 & header2 are freed in vhdx_close() */
422     header1 = qemu_blockalign(bs, sizeof(VHDXHeader));
423     header2 = qemu_blockalign(bs, sizeof(VHDXHeader));
424 
425     buffer = qemu_blockalign(bs, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE);
426 
427     s->headers[0] = header1;
428     s->headers[1] = header2;
429 
430     /* We have to read the whole VHDX_HEADER_SIZE instead of
431      * sizeof(VHDXHeader), because the checksum is over the whole
432      * region */
433     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, VHDX_HEADER1_OFFSET, buffer,
434                      VHDX_HEADER_SIZE);
435     if (ret < 0) {
436         goto fail;
437     }
438     /* copy over just the relevant portion that we need */
439     memcpy(header1, buffer, sizeof(VHDXHeader));
440 
441     if (vhdx_checksum_is_valid(buffer, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE, 4)) {
442         vhdx_header_le_import(header1);
443         if (header1->signature == VHDX_HEADER_SIGNATURE &&
444             header1->version == 1) {
445             h1_seq = header1->sequence_number;
446             h1_valid = true;
447         }
448     }
449 
450     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, VHDX_HEADER2_OFFSET, buffer,
451                      VHDX_HEADER_SIZE);
452     if (ret < 0) {
453         goto fail;
454     }
455     /* copy over just the relevant portion that we need */
456     memcpy(header2, buffer, sizeof(VHDXHeader));
457 
458     if (vhdx_checksum_is_valid(buffer, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE, 4)) {
459         vhdx_header_le_import(header2);
460         if (header2->signature == VHDX_HEADER_SIGNATURE &&
461             header2->version == 1) {
462             h2_seq = header2->sequence_number;
463             h2_valid = true;
464         }
465     }
466 
467     /* If there is only 1 valid header (or no valid headers), we
468      * don't care what the sequence numbers are */
469     if (h1_valid && !h2_valid) {
470         s->curr_header = 0;
471     } else if (!h1_valid && h2_valid) {
472         s->curr_header = 1;
473     } else if (!h1_valid && !h2_valid) {
474         goto fail;
475     } else {
476         /* If both headers are valid, then we choose the active one by the
477          * highest sequence number.  If the sequence numbers are equal, that is
478          * invalid */
479         if (h1_seq > h2_seq) {
480             s->curr_header = 0;
481         } else if (h2_seq > h1_seq) {
482             s->curr_header = 1;
483         } else {
484             /* The Microsoft Disk2VHD tool will create 2 identical
485              * headers, with identical sequence numbers.  If the headers are
486              * identical, don't consider the file corrupt */
487             if (!memcmp(header1, header2, sizeof(VHDXHeader))) {
488                 s->curr_header = 0;
489             } else {
490                 goto fail;
491             }
492         }
493     }
494 
495     vhdx_region_register(s, s->headers[s->curr_header]->log_offset,
496                             s->headers[s->curr_header]->log_length);
497     goto exit;
498 
499 fail:
500     error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "No valid VHDX header found");
501     qemu_vfree(header1);
502     qemu_vfree(header2);
503     s->headers[0] = NULL;
504     s->headers[1] = NULL;
505 exit:
506     qemu_vfree(buffer);
507 }
508 
509 
510 static int vhdx_open_region_tables(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s)
511 {
512     int ret = 0;
513     uint8_t *buffer;
514     int offset = 0;
515     VHDXRegionTableEntry rt_entry;
516     uint32_t i;
517     bool bat_rt_found = false;
518     bool metadata_rt_found = false;
519 
520     /* We have to read the whole 64KB block, because the crc32 is over the
521      * whole block */
522     buffer = qemu_blockalign(bs, VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE);
523 
524     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, VHDX_REGION_TABLE_OFFSET, buffer,
525                      VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE);
526     if (ret < 0) {
527         goto fail;
528     }
529     memcpy(&s->rt, buffer, sizeof(s->rt));
530     offset += sizeof(s->rt);
531 
532     if (!vhdx_checksum_is_valid(buffer, VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE, 4)) {
533         ret = -EINVAL;
534         goto fail;
535     }
536 
537     vhdx_region_header_le_import(&s->rt);
538 
539     if (s->rt.signature != VHDX_REGION_SIGNATURE) {
540         ret = -EINVAL;
541         goto fail;
542     }
543 
544 
545     /* Per spec, maximum region table entry count is 2047 */
546     if (s->rt.entry_count > 2047) {
547         ret = -EINVAL;
548         goto fail;
549     }
550 
551     for (i = 0; i < s->rt.entry_count; i++) {
552         memcpy(&rt_entry, buffer + offset, sizeof(rt_entry));
553         offset += sizeof(rt_entry);
554 
555         vhdx_region_entry_le_import(&rt_entry);
556 
557         /* check for region overlap between these entries, and any
558          * other memory regions in the file */
559         ret = vhdx_region_check(s, rt_entry.file_offset, rt_entry.length);
560         if (ret < 0) {
561             goto fail;
562         }
563 
564         vhdx_region_register(s, rt_entry.file_offset, rt_entry.length);
565 
566         /* see if we recognize the entry */
567         if (guid_eq(rt_entry.guid, bat_guid)) {
568             /* must be unique; if we have already found it this is invalid */
569             if (bat_rt_found) {
570                 ret = -EINVAL;
571                 goto fail;
572             }
573             bat_rt_found = true;
574             s->bat_rt = rt_entry;
575             continue;
576         }
577 
578         if (guid_eq(rt_entry.guid, metadata_guid)) {
579             /* must be unique; if we have already found it this is invalid */
580             if (metadata_rt_found) {
581                 ret = -EINVAL;
582                 goto fail;
583             }
584             metadata_rt_found = true;
585             s->metadata_rt = rt_entry;
586             continue;
587         }
588 
589         if (rt_entry.data_bits & VHDX_REGION_ENTRY_REQUIRED) {
590             /* cannot read vhdx file - required region table entry that
591              * we do not understand.  per spec, we must fail to open */
592             ret = -ENOTSUP;
593             goto fail;
594         }
595     }
596 
597     if (!bat_rt_found || !metadata_rt_found) {
598         ret = -EINVAL;
599         goto fail;
600     }
601 
602     ret = 0;
603 
604 fail:
605     qemu_vfree(buffer);
606     return ret;
607 }
608 
609 
610 
611 /* Metadata initial parser
612  *
613  * This loads all the metadata entry fields.  This may cause additional
614  * fields to be processed (e.g. parent locator, etc..).
615  *
616  * There are 5 Metadata items that are always required:
617  *      - File Parameters (block size, has a parent)
618  *      - Virtual Disk Size (size, in bytes, of the virtual drive)
619  *      - Page 83 Data (scsi page 83 guid)
620  *      - Logical Sector Size (logical sector size in bytes, either 512 or
621  *                             4096.  We only support 512 currently)
622  *      - Physical Sector Size (512 or 4096)
623  *
624  * Also, if the File Parameters indicate this is a differencing file,
625  * we must also look for the Parent Locator metadata item.
626  */
627 static int vhdx_parse_metadata(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s)
628 {
629     int ret = 0;
630     uint8_t *buffer;
631     int offset = 0;
632     uint32_t i = 0;
633     VHDXMetadataTableEntry md_entry;
634 
635     buffer = qemu_blockalign(bs, VHDX_METADATA_TABLE_MAX_SIZE);
636 
637     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->metadata_rt.file_offset, buffer,
638                      VHDX_METADATA_TABLE_MAX_SIZE);
639     if (ret < 0) {
640         goto exit;
641     }
642     memcpy(&s->metadata_hdr, buffer, sizeof(s->metadata_hdr));
643     offset += sizeof(s->metadata_hdr);
644 
645     vhdx_metadata_header_le_import(&s->metadata_hdr);
646 
647     if (s->metadata_hdr.signature != VHDX_METADATA_SIGNATURE) {
648         ret = -EINVAL;
649         goto exit;
650     }
651 
652     s->metadata_entries.present = 0;
653 
654     if ((s->metadata_hdr.entry_count * sizeof(md_entry)) >
655         (VHDX_METADATA_TABLE_MAX_SIZE - offset)) {
656         ret = -EINVAL;
657         goto exit;
658     }
659 
660     for (i = 0; i < s->metadata_hdr.entry_count; i++) {
661         memcpy(&md_entry, buffer + offset, sizeof(md_entry));
662         offset += sizeof(md_entry);
663 
664         vhdx_metadata_entry_le_import(&md_entry);
665 
666         if (guid_eq(md_entry.item_id, file_param_guid)) {
667             if (s->metadata_entries.present & META_FILE_PARAMETER_PRESENT) {
668                 ret = -EINVAL;
669                 goto exit;
670             }
671             s->metadata_entries.file_parameters_entry = md_entry;
672             s->metadata_entries.present |= META_FILE_PARAMETER_PRESENT;
673             continue;
674         }
675 
676         if (guid_eq(md_entry.item_id, virtual_size_guid)) {
677             if (s->metadata_entries.present & META_VIRTUAL_DISK_SIZE_PRESENT) {
678                 ret = -EINVAL;
679                 goto exit;
680             }
681             s->metadata_entries.virtual_disk_size_entry = md_entry;
682             s->metadata_entries.present |= META_VIRTUAL_DISK_SIZE_PRESENT;
683             continue;
684         }
685 
686         if (guid_eq(md_entry.item_id, page83_guid)) {
687             if (s->metadata_entries.present & META_PAGE_83_PRESENT) {
688                 ret = -EINVAL;
689                 goto exit;
690             }
691             s->metadata_entries.page83_data_entry = md_entry;
692             s->metadata_entries.present |= META_PAGE_83_PRESENT;
693             continue;
694         }
695 
696         if (guid_eq(md_entry.item_id, logical_sector_guid)) {
697             if (s->metadata_entries.present &
698                 META_LOGICAL_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT) {
699                 ret = -EINVAL;
700                 goto exit;
701             }
702             s->metadata_entries.logical_sector_size_entry = md_entry;
703             s->metadata_entries.present |= META_LOGICAL_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT;
704             continue;
705         }
706 
707         if (guid_eq(md_entry.item_id, phys_sector_guid)) {
708             if (s->metadata_entries.present & META_PHYS_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT) {
709                 ret = -EINVAL;
710                 goto exit;
711             }
712             s->metadata_entries.phys_sector_size_entry = md_entry;
713             s->metadata_entries.present |= META_PHYS_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT;
714             continue;
715         }
716 
717         if (guid_eq(md_entry.item_id, parent_locator_guid)) {
718             if (s->metadata_entries.present & META_PARENT_LOCATOR_PRESENT) {
719                 ret = -EINVAL;
720                 goto exit;
721             }
722             s->metadata_entries.parent_locator_entry = md_entry;
723             s->metadata_entries.present |= META_PARENT_LOCATOR_PRESENT;
724             continue;
725         }
726 
727         if (md_entry.data_bits & VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_REQUIRED) {
728             /* cannot read vhdx file - required region table entry that
729              * we do not understand.  per spec, we must fail to open */
730             ret = -ENOTSUP;
731             goto exit;
732         }
733     }
734 
735     if (s->metadata_entries.present != META_ALL_PRESENT) {
736         ret = -ENOTSUP;
737         goto exit;
738     }
739 
740     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file,
741                      s->metadata_entries.file_parameters_entry.offset
742                                          + s->metadata_rt.file_offset,
743                      &s->params,
744                      sizeof(s->params));
745 
746     if (ret < 0) {
747         goto exit;
748     }
749 
750     le32_to_cpus(&s->params.block_size);
751     le32_to_cpus(&s->params.data_bits);
752 
753 
754     /* We now have the file parameters, so we can tell if this is a
755      * differencing file (i.e.. has_parent), is dynamic or fixed
756      * sized (leave_blocks_allocated), and the block size */
757 
758     /* The parent locator required iff the file parameters has_parent set */
759     if (s->params.data_bits & VHDX_PARAMS_HAS_PARENT) {
760         if (s->metadata_entries.present & META_PARENT_LOCATOR_PRESENT) {
761             /* TODO: parse  parent locator fields */
762             ret = -ENOTSUP; /* temp, until differencing files are supported */
763             goto exit;
764         } else {
765             /* if has_parent is set, but there is not parent locator present,
766              * then that is an invalid combination */
767             ret = -EINVAL;
768             goto exit;
769         }
770     }
771 
772     /* determine virtual disk size, logical sector size,
773      * and phys sector size */
774 
775     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file,
776                      s->metadata_entries.virtual_disk_size_entry.offset
777                                            + s->metadata_rt.file_offset,
778                      &s->virtual_disk_size,
779                      sizeof(uint64_t));
780     if (ret < 0) {
781         goto exit;
782     }
783     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file,
784                      s->metadata_entries.logical_sector_size_entry.offset
785                                              + s->metadata_rt.file_offset,
786                      &s->logical_sector_size,
787                      sizeof(uint32_t));
788     if (ret < 0) {
789         goto exit;
790     }
791     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file,
792                      s->metadata_entries.phys_sector_size_entry.offset
793                                           + s->metadata_rt.file_offset,
794                      &s->physical_sector_size,
795                      sizeof(uint32_t));
796     if (ret < 0) {
797         goto exit;
798     }
799 
800     le64_to_cpus(&s->virtual_disk_size);
801     le32_to_cpus(&s->logical_sector_size);
802     le32_to_cpus(&s->physical_sector_size);
803 
804     if (s->params.block_size < VHDX_BLOCK_SIZE_MIN ||
805         s->params.block_size > VHDX_BLOCK_SIZE_MAX) {
806         ret = -EINVAL;
807         goto exit;
808     }
809 
810     /* only 2 supported sector sizes */
811     if (s->logical_sector_size != 512 && s->logical_sector_size != 4096) {
812         ret = -EINVAL;
813         goto exit;
814     }
815 
816     /* Both block_size and sector_size are guaranteed powers of 2, below.
817        Due to range checks above, s->sectors_per_block can never be < 256 */
818     s->sectors_per_block = s->params.block_size / s->logical_sector_size;
819     s->chunk_ratio = (VHDX_MAX_SECTORS_PER_BLOCK) *
820                      (uint64_t)s->logical_sector_size /
821                      (uint64_t)s->params.block_size;
822 
823     /* These values are ones we will want to use for division / multiplication
824      * later on, and they are all guaranteed (per the spec) to be powers of 2,
825      * so we can take advantage of that for shift operations during
826      * reads/writes */
827     if (s->logical_sector_size & (s->logical_sector_size - 1)) {
828         ret = -EINVAL;
829         goto exit;
830     }
831     if (s->sectors_per_block & (s->sectors_per_block - 1)) {
832         ret = -EINVAL;
833         goto exit;
834     }
835     if (s->chunk_ratio & (s->chunk_ratio - 1)) {
836         ret = -EINVAL;
837         goto exit;
838     }
839     s->block_size = s->params.block_size;
840     if (s->block_size & (s->block_size - 1)) {
841         ret = -EINVAL;
842         goto exit;
843     }
844 
845     vhdx_set_shift_bits(s);
846 
847     ret = 0;
848 
849 exit:
850     qemu_vfree(buffer);
851     return ret;
852 }
853 
854 /*
855  * Calculate the number of BAT entries, including sector
856  * bitmap entries.
857  */
858 static void vhdx_calc_bat_entries(BDRVVHDXState *s)
859 {
860     uint32_t data_blocks_cnt, bitmap_blocks_cnt;
861 
862     data_blocks_cnt = DIV_ROUND_UP(s->virtual_disk_size, s->block_size);
863     bitmap_blocks_cnt = DIV_ROUND_UP(data_blocks_cnt, s->chunk_ratio);
864 
865     if (s->parent_entries) {
866         s->bat_entries = bitmap_blocks_cnt * (s->chunk_ratio + 1);
867     } else {
868         s->bat_entries = data_blocks_cnt +
869                          ((data_blocks_cnt - 1) >> s->chunk_ratio_bits);
870     }
871 
872 }
873 
874 static void vhdx_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
875 {
876     BDRVVHDXState *s = bs->opaque;
877     qemu_vfree(s->headers[0]);
878     s->headers[0] = NULL;
879     qemu_vfree(s->headers[1]);
880     s->headers[1] = NULL;
881     qemu_vfree(s->bat);
882     s->bat = NULL;
883     qemu_vfree(s->parent_entries);
884     s->parent_entries = NULL;
885     migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
886     error_free(s->migration_blocker);
887     qemu_vfree(s->log.hdr);
888     s->log.hdr = NULL;
889     vhdx_region_unregister_all(s);
890 }
891 
892 static int vhdx_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
893                      Error **errp)
894 {
895     BDRVVHDXState *s = bs->opaque;
896     int ret = 0;
897     uint32_t i;
898     uint64_t signature;
899     Error *local_err = NULL;
900 
901     bs->file = bdrv_open_child(NULL, options, "file", bs, &child_file,
902                                false, errp);
903     if (!bs->file) {
904         return -EINVAL;
905     }
906 
907     s->bat = NULL;
908     s->first_visible_write = true;
909 
910     qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
911     QLIST_INIT(&s->regions);
912 
913     /* validate the file signature */
914     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, 0, &signature, sizeof(uint64_t));
915     if (ret < 0) {
916         goto fail;
917     }
918     if (memcmp(&signature, "vhdxfile", 8)) {
919         ret = -EINVAL;
920         goto fail;
921     }
922 
923     /* This is used for any header updates, for the file_write_guid.
924      * The spec dictates that a new value should be used for the first
925      * header update */
926     vhdx_guid_generate(&s->session_guid);
927 
928     vhdx_parse_header(bs, s, &local_err);
929     if (local_err != NULL) {
930         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
931         ret = -EINVAL;
932         goto fail;
933     }
934 
935     ret = vhdx_parse_log(bs, s, &s->log_replayed_on_open, errp);
936     if (ret < 0) {
937         goto fail;
938     }
939 
940     ret = vhdx_open_region_tables(bs, s);
941     if (ret < 0) {
942         goto fail;
943     }
944 
945     ret = vhdx_parse_metadata(bs, s);
946     if (ret < 0) {
947         goto fail;
948     }
949 
950     s->block_size = s->params.block_size;
951 
952     /* the VHDX spec dictates that virtual_disk_size is always a multiple of
953      * logical_sector_size */
954     bs->total_sectors = s->virtual_disk_size >> s->logical_sector_size_bits;
955 
956     vhdx_calc_bat_entries(s);
957 
958     s->bat_offset = s->bat_rt.file_offset;
959 
960     if (s->bat_entries > s->bat_rt.length / sizeof(VHDXBatEntry)) {
961         /* BAT allocation is not large enough for all entries */
962         ret = -EINVAL;
963         goto fail;
964     }
965 
966     /* s->bat is freed in vhdx_close() */
967     s->bat = qemu_try_blockalign(bs->file->bs, s->bat_rt.length);
968     if (s->bat == NULL) {
969         ret = -ENOMEM;
970         goto fail;
971     }
972 
973     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->bat_offset, s->bat, s->bat_rt.length);
974     if (ret < 0) {
975         goto fail;
976     }
977 
978     uint64_t payblocks = s->chunk_ratio;
979     /* endian convert, and verify populated BAT field file offsets against
980      * region table and log entries */
981     for (i = 0; i < s->bat_entries; i++) {
982         le64_to_cpus(&s->bat[i]);
983         if (payblocks--) {
984             /* payload bat entries */
985             if ((s->bat[i] & VHDX_BAT_STATE_BIT_MASK) ==
986                     PAYLOAD_BLOCK_FULLY_PRESENT) {
987                 ret = vhdx_region_check(s, s->bat[i] & VHDX_BAT_FILE_OFF_MASK,
988                                         s->block_size);
989                 if (ret < 0) {
990                     goto fail;
991                 }
992             }
993         } else {
994             payblocks = s->chunk_ratio;
995             /* Once differencing files are supported, verify sector bitmap
996              * blocks here */
997         }
998     }
999 
1000     /* Disable migration when VHDX images are used */
1001     error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The vhdx format used by node '%s' "
1002                "does not support live migration",
1003                bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
1004     ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, &local_err);
1005     if (local_err) {
1006         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1007         error_free(s->migration_blocker);
1008         goto fail;
1009     }
1010 
1011     /* TODO: differencing files */
1012 
1013     return 0;
1014 fail:
1015     vhdx_close(bs);
1016     return ret;
1017 }
1018 
1019 static int vhdx_reopen_prepare(BDRVReopenState *state,
1020                                BlockReopenQueue *queue, Error **errp)
1021 {
1022     return 0;
1023 }
1024 
1025 
1026 /*
1027  * Perform sector to block offset translations, to get various
1028  * sector and file offsets into the image.  See VHDXSectorInfo
1029  */
1030 static void vhdx_block_translate(BDRVVHDXState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1031                                  int nb_sectors, VHDXSectorInfo *sinfo)
1032 {
1033     uint32_t block_offset;
1034 
1035     sinfo->bat_idx = sector_num >> s->sectors_per_block_bits;
1036     /* effectively a modulo - this gives us the offset into the block
1037      * (in sector sizes) for our sector number */
1038     block_offset = sector_num - (sinfo->bat_idx << s->sectors_per_block_bits);
1039     /* the chunk ratio gives us the interleaving of the sector
1040      * bitmaps, so we need to advance our page block index by the
1041      * sector bitmaps entry number */
1042     sinfo->bat_idx += sinfo->bat_idx >> s->chunk_ratio_bits;
1043 
1044     /* the number of sectors we can read/write in this cycle */
1045     sinfo->sectors_avail = s->sectors_per_block - block_offset;
1046 
1047     sinfo->bytes_left = sinfo->sectors_avail << s->logical_sector_size_bits;
1048 
1049     if (sinfo->sectors_avail > nb_sectors) {
1050         sinfo->sectors_avail = nb_sectors;
1051     }
1052 
1053     sinfo->bytes_avail = sinfo->sectors_avail << s->logical_sector_size_bits;
1054 
1055     sinfo->file_offset = s->bat[sinfo->bat_idx] & VHDX_BAT_FILE_OFF_MASK;
1056 
1057     sinfo->block_offset = block_offset << s->logical_sector_size_bits;
1058 
1059     /* The file offset must be past the header section, so must be > 0 */
1060     if (sinfo->file_offset == 0) {
1061         return;
1062     }
1063 
1064     /* block offset is the offset in vhdx logical sectors, in
1065      * the payload data block. Convert that to a byte offset
1066      * in the block, and add in the payload data block offset
1067      * in the file, in bytes, to get the final read address */
1068 
1069     sinfo->file_offset += sinfo->block_offset;
1070 }
1071 
1072 
1073 static int vhdx_get_info(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverInfo *bdi)
1074 {
1075     BDRVVHDXState *s = bs->opaque;
1076 
1077     bdi->cluster_size = s->block_size;
1078 
1079     bdi->unallocated_blocks_are_zero =
1080         (s->params.data_bits & VHDX_PARAMS_HAS_PARENT) == 0;
1081 
1082     return 0;
1083 }
1084 
1085 
1086 static coroutine_fn int vhdx_co_readv(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
1087                                       int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov)
1088 {
1089     BDRVVHDXState *s = bs->opaque;
1090     int ret = 0;
1091     VHDXSectorInfo sinfo;
1092     uint64_t bytes_done = 0;
1093     QEMUIOVector hd_qiov;
1094 
1095     qemu_iovec_init(&hd_qiov, qiov->niov);
1096 
1097     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1098 
1099     while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1100         /* We are a differencing file, so we need to inspect the sector bitmap
1101          * to see if we have the data or not */
1102         if (s->params.data_bits & VHDX_PARAMS_HAS_PARENT) {
1103             /* not supported yet */
1104             ret = -ENOTSUP;
1105             goto exit;
1106         } else {
1107             vhdx_block_translate(s, sector_num, nb_sectors, &sinfo);
1108 
1109             qemu_iovec_reset(&hd_qiov);
1110             qemu_iovec_concat(&hd_qiov, qiov,  bytes_done, sinfo.bytes_avail);
1111 
1112             /* check the payload block state */
1113             switch (s->bat[sinfo.bat_idx] & VHDX_BAT_STATE_BIT_MASK) {
1114             case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_NOT_PRESENT: /* fall through */
1115             case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNDEFINED:
1116             case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNMAPPED:
1117             case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNMAPPED_v095:
1118             case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_ZERO:
1119                 /* return zero */
1120                 qemu_iovec_memset(&hd_qiov, 0, 0, sinfo.bytes_avail);
1121                 break;
1122             case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_FULLY_PRESENT:
1123                 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1124                 ret = bdrv_co_readv(bs->file,
1125                                     sinfo.file_offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1126                                     sinfo.sectors_avail, &hd_qiov);
1127                 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1128                 if (ret < 0) {
1129                     goto exit;
1130                 }
1131                 break;
1132             case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_PARTIALLY_PRESENT:
1133                 /* we don't yet support difference files, fall through
1134                  * to error */
1135             default:
1136                 ret = -EIO;
1137                 goto exit;
1138                 break;
1139             }
1140             nb_sectors -= sinfo.sectors_avail;
1141             sector_num += sinfo.sectors_avail;
1142             bytes_done += sinfo.bytes_avail;
1143         }
1144     }
1145     ret = 0;
1146 exit:
1147     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1148     qemu_iovec_destroy(&hd_qiov);
1149     return ret;
1150 }
1151 
1152 /*
1153  * Allocate a new payload block at the end of the file.
1154  *
1155  * Allocation will happen at 1MB alignment inside the file
1156  *
1157  * Returns the file offset start of the new payload block
1158  */
1159 static int vhdx_allocate_block(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s,
1160                                     uint64_t *new_offset)
1161 {
1162     int64_t current_len;
1163 
1164     current_len = bdrv_getlength(bs->file->bs);
1165     if (current_len < 0) {
1166         return current_len;
1167     }
1168 
1169     *new_offset = current_len;
1170 
1171     /* per the spec, the address for a block is in units of 1MB */
1172     *new_offset = ROUND_UP(*new_offset, 1024 * 1024);
1173     if (*new_offset > INT64_MAX) {
1174         return -EINVAL;
1175     }
1176 
1177     return bdrv_truncate(bs->file, *new_offset + s->block_size,
1178                          PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, NULL);
1179 }
1180 
1181 /*
1182  * Update the BAT table entry with the new file offset, and the new entry
1183  * state */
1184 static void vhdx_update_bat_table_entry(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s,
1185                                        VHDXSectorInfo *sinfo,
1186                                        uint64_t *bat_entry_le,
1187                                        uint64_t *bat_offset, int state)
1188 {
1189     /* The BAT entry is a uint64, with 44 bits for the file offset in units of
1190      * 1MB, and 3 bits for the block state. */
1191     if ((state == PAYLOAD_BLOCK_ZERO)        ||
1192         (state == PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNDEFINED)   ||
1193         (state == PAYLOAD_BLOCK_NOT_PRESENT) ||
1194         (state == PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNMAPPED)) {
1195         s->bat[sinfo->bat_idx]  = 0;  /* For PAYLOAD_BLOCK_ZERO, the
1196                                          FileOffsetMB field is denoted as
1197                                          'reserved' in the v1.0 spec.  If it is
1198                                          non-zero, MS Hyper-V will fail to read
1199                                          the disk image */
1200     } else {
1201         s->bat[sinfo->bat_idx]  = sinfo->file_offset;
1202     }
1203 
1204     s->bat[sinfo->bat_idx] |= state & VHDX_BAT_STATE_BIT_MASK;
1205 
1206     *bat_entry_le = cpu_to_le64(s->bat[sinfo->bat_idx]);
1207     *bat_offset = s->bat_offset + sinfo->bat_idx * sizeof(VHDXBatEntry);
1208 
1209 }
1210 
1211 /* Per the spec, on the first write of guest-visible data to the file the
1212  * data write guid must be updated in the header */
1213 int vhdx_user_visible_write(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s)
1214 {
1215     int ret = 0;
1216     if (s->first_visible_write) {
1217         s->first_visible_write = false;
1218         ret = vhdx_update_headers(bs, s, true, NULL);
1219     }
1220     return ret;
1221 }
1222 
1223 static coroutine_fn int vhdx_co_writev(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
1224                                       int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov)
1225 {
1226     int ret = -ENOTSUP;
1227     BDRVVHDXState *s = bs->opaque;
1228     VHDXSectorInfo sinfo;
1229     uint64_t bytes_done = 0;
1230     uint64_t bat_entry = 0;
1231     uint64_t bat_entry_offset = 0;
1232     QEMUIOVector hd_qiov;
1233     struct iovec iov1 = { 0 };
1234     struct iovec iov2 = { 0 };
1235     int sectors_to_write;
1236     int bat_state;
1237     uint64_t bat_prior_offset = 0;
1238     bool bat_update = false;
1239 
1240     qemu_iovec_init(&hd_qiov, qiov->niov);
1241 
1242     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1243 
1244     ret = vhdx_user_visible_write(bs, s);
1245     if (ret < 0) {
1246         goto exit;
1247     }
1248 
1249     while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1250         bool use_zero_buffers = false;
1251         bat_update = false;
1252         if (s->params.data_bits & VHDX_PARAMS_HAS_PARENT) {
1253             /* not supported yet */
1254             ret = -ENOTSUP;
1255             goto exit;
1256         } else {
1257             vhdx_block_translate(s, sector_num, nb_sectors, &sinfo);
1258             sectors_to_write = sinfo.sectors_avail;
1259 
1260             qemu_iovec_reset(&hd_qiov);
1261             /* check the payload block state */
1262             bat_state = s->bat[sinfo.bat_idx] & VHDX_BAT_STATE_BIT_MASK;
1263             switch (bat_state) {
1264             case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_ZERO:
1265                 /* in this case, we need to preserve zero writes for
1266                  * data that is not part of this write, so we must pad
1267                  * the rest of the buffer to zeroes */
1268 
1269                 /* if we are on a posix system with ftruncate() that extends
1270                  * a file, then it is zero-filled for us.  On Win32, the raw
1271                  * layer uses SetFilePointer and SetFileEnd, which does not
1272                  * zero fill AFAIK */
1273 
1274                 /* Queue another write of zero buffers if the underlying file
1275                  * does not zero-fill on file extension */
1276 
1277                 if (bdrv_has_zero_init(bs->file->bs) == 0) {
1278                     use_zero_buffers = true;
1279 
1280                     /* zero fill the front, if any */
1281                     if (sinfo.block_offset) {
1282                         iov1.iov_len = sinfo.block_offset;
1283                         iov1.iov_base = qemu_blockalign(bs, iov1.iov_len);
1284                         memset(iov1.iov_base, 0, iov1.iov_len);
1285                         qemu_iovec_concat_iov(&hd_qiov, &iov1, 1, 0,
1286                                               iov1.iov_len);
1287                         sectors_to_write += iov1.iov_len >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1288                     }
1289 
1290                     /* our actual data */
1291                     qemu_iovec_concat(&hd_qiov, qiov,  bytes_done,
1292                                       sinfo.bytes_avail);
1293 
1294                     /* zero fill the back, if any */
1295                     if ((sinfo.bytes_avail - sinfo.block_offset) <
1296                          s->block_size) {
1297                         iov2.iov_len = s->block_size -
1298                                       (sinfo.bytes_avail + sinfo.block_offset);
1299                         iov2.iov_base = qemu_blockalign(bs, iov2.iov_len);
1300                         memset(iov2.iov_base, 0, iov2.iov_len);
1301                         qemu_iovec_concat_iov(&hd_qiov, &iov2, 1, 0,
1302                                               iov2.iov_len);
1303                         sectors_to_write += iov2.iov_len >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1304                     }
1305                 }
1306                 /* fall through */
1307             case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_NOT_PRESENT: /* fall through */
1308             case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNMAPPED:
1309             case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNMAPPED_v095:
1310             case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNDEFINED:
1311                 bat_prior_offset = sinfo.file_offset;
1312                 ret = vhdx_allocate_block(bs, s, &sinfo.file_offset);
1313                 if (ret < 0) {
1314                     goto exit;
1315                 }
1316                 /* once we support differencing files, this may also be
1317                  * partially present */
1318                 /* update block state to the newly specified state */
1319                 vhdx_update_bat_table_entry(bs, s, &sinfo, &bat_entry,
1320                                             &bat_entry_offset,
1321                                             PAYLOAD_BLOCK_FULLY_PRESENT);
1322                 bat_update = true;
1323                 /* since we just allocated a block, file_offset is the
1324                  * beginning of the payload block. It needs to be the
1325                  * write address, which includes the offset into the block */
1326                 if (!use_zero_buffers) {
1327                     sinfo.file_offset += sinfo.block_offset;
1328                 }
1329                 /* fall through */
1330             case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_FULLY_PRESENT:
1331                 /* if the file offset address is in the header zone,
1332                  * there is a problem */
1333                 if (sinfo.file_offset < (1024 * 1024)) {
1334                     ret = -EFAULT;
1335                     goto error_bat_restore;
1336                 }
1337 
1338                 if (!use_zero_buffers) {
1339                     qemu_iovec_concat(&hd_qiov, qiov,  bytes_done,
1340                                       sinfo.bytes_avail);
1341                 }
1342                 /* block exists, so we can just overwrite it */
1343                 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1344                 ret = bdrv_co_writev(bs->file,
1345                                     sinfo.file_offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1346                                     sectors_to_write, &hd_qiov);
1347                 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1348                 if (ret < 0) {
1349                     goto error_bat_restore;
1350                 }
1351                 break;
1352             case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_PARTIALLY_PRESENT:
1353                 /* we don't yet support difference files, fall through
1354                  * to error */
1355             default:
1356                 ret = -EIO;
1357                 goto exit;
1358                 break;
1359             }
1360 
1361             if (bat_update) {
1362                 /* this will update the BAT entry into the log journal, and
1363                  * then flush the log journal out to disk */
1364                 ret =  vhdx_log_write_and_flush(bs, s, &bat_entry,
1365                                                 sizeof(VHDXBatEntry),
1366                                                 bat_entry_offset);
1367                 if (ret < 0) {
1368                     goto exit;
1369                 }
1370             }
1371 
1372             nb_sectors -= sinfo.sectors_avail;
1373             sector_num += sinfo.sectors_avail;
1374             bytes_done += sinfo.bytes_avail;
1375 
1376         }
1377     }
1378 
1379     goto exit;
1380 
1381 error_bat_restore:
1382     if (bat_update) {
1383         /* keep metadata in sync, and restore the bat entry state
1384          * if error. */
1385         sinfo.file_offset = bat_prior_offset;
1386         vhdx_update_bat_table_entry(bs, s, &sinfo, &bat_entry,
1387                                     &bat_entry_offset, bat_state);
1388     }
1389 exit:
1390     qemu_vfree(iov1.iov_base);
1391     qemu_vfree(iov2.iov_base);
1392     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1393     qemu_iovec_destroy(&hd_qiov);
1394     return ret;
1395 }
1396 
1397 
1398 
1399 /*
1400  * Create VHDX Headers
1401  *
1402  * There are 2 headers, and the highest sequence number will represent
1403  * the active header
1404  */
1405 static int vhdx_create_new_headers(BlockBackend *blk, uint64_t image_size,
1406                                    uint32_t log_size)
1407 {
1408     BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
1409     BdrvChild *child;
1410     int ret = 0;
1411     VHDXHeader *hdr = NULL;
1412 
1413     hdr = g_new0(VHDXHeader, 1);
1414 
1415     hdr->signature       = VHDX_HEADER_SIGNATURE;
1416     hdr->sequence_number = g_random_int();
1417     hdr->log_version     = 0;
1418     hdr->version         = 1;
1419     hdr->log_length      = log_size;
1420     hdr->log_offset      = VHDX_HEADER_SECTION_END;
1421     vhdx_guid_generate(&hdr->file_write_guid);
1422     vhdx_guid_generate(&hdr->data_write_guid);
1423 
1424     /* XXX Ugly way to get blk->root, but that's a feature, not a bug. This
1425      * hack makes it obvious that vhdx_write_header() bypasses the BlockBackend
1426      * here, which it really shouldn't be doing. */
1427     child = QLIST_FIRST(&bs->parents);
1428     assert(!QLIST_NEXT(child, next_parent));
1429 
1430     ret = vhdx_write_header(child, hdr, VHDX_HEADER1_OFFSET, false);
1431     if (ret < 0) {
1432         goto exit;
1433     }
1434     hdr->sequence_number++;
1435     ret = vhdx_write_header(child, hdr, VHDX_HEADER2_OFFSET, false);
1436     if (ret < 0) {
1437         goto exit;
1438     }
1439 
1440 exit:
1441     g_free(hdr);
1442     return ret;
1443 }
1444 
1445 #define VHDX_METADATA_ENTRY_BUFFER_SIZE \
1446                                     (sizeof(VHDXFileParameters)               +\
1447                                      sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskSize)              +\
1448                                      sizeof(VHDXPage83Data)                   +\
1449                                      sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskLogicalSectorSize) +\
1450                                      sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskPhysicalSectorSize))
1451 
1452 /*
1453  * Create the Metadata entries.
1454  *
1455  * For more details on the entries, see section 3.5 (pg 29) in the
1456  * VHDX 1.00 specification.
1457  *
1458  * We support 5 metadata entries (all required by spec):
1459  *          File Parameters,
1460  *          Virtual Disk Size,
1461  *          Page 83 Data,
1462  *          Logical Sector Size,
1463  *          Physical Sector Size
1464  *
1465  * The first 64KB of the Metadata section is reserved for the metadata
1466  * header and entries; beyond that, the metadata items themselves reside.
1467  */
1468 static int vhdx_create_new_metadata(BlockBackend *blk,
1469                                     uint64_t image_size,
1470                                     uint32_t block_size,
1471                                     uint32_t sector_size,
1472                                     uint64_t metadata_offset,
1473                                     VHDXImageType type)
1474 {
1475     int ret = 0;
1476     uint32_t offset = 0;
1477     void *buffer = NULL;
1478     void *entry_buffer;
1479     VHDXMetadataTableHeader *md_table;
1480     VHDXMetadataTableEntry  *md_table_entry;
1481 
1482     /* Metadata entries */
1483     VHDXFileParameters     *mt_file_params;
1484     VHDXVirtualDiskSize    *mt_virtual_size;
1485     VHDXPage83Data         *mt_page83;
1486     VHDXVirtualDiskLogicalSectorSize  *mt_log_sector_size;
1487     VHDXVirtualDiskPhysicalSectorSize *mt_phys_sector_size;
1488 
1489     entry_buffer = g_malloc0(VHDX_METADATA_ENTRY_BUFFER_SIZE);
1490 
1491     mt_file_params = entry_buffer;
1492     offset += sizeof(VHDXFileParameters);
1493     mt_virtual_size = entry_buffer + offset;
1494     offset += sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskSize);
1495     mt_page83 = entry_buffer + offset;
1496     offset += sizeof(VHDXPage83Data);
1497     mt_log_sector_size = entry_buffer + offset;
1498     offset += sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskLogicalSectorSize);
1499     mt_phys_sector_size = entry_buffer + offset;
1500 
1501     mt_file_params->block_size = cpu_to_le32(block_size);
1502     if (type == VHDX_TYPE_FIXED) {
1503         mt_file_params->data_bits |= VHDX_PARAMS_LEAVE_BLOCKS_ALLOCED;
1504         cpu_to_le32s(&mt_file_params->data_bits);
1505     }
1506 
1507     vhdx_guid_generate(&mt_page83->page_83_data);
1508     cpu_to_leguids(&mt_page83->page_83_data);
1509     mt_virtual_size->virtual_disk_size        = cpu_to_le64(image_size);
1510     mt_log_sector_size->logical_sector_size   = cpu_to_le32(sector_size);
1511     mt_phys_sector_size->physical_sector_size = cpu_to_le32(sector_size);
1512 
1513     buffer = g_malloc0(VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE);
1514     md_table = buffer;
1515 
1516     md_table->signature   = VHDX_METADATA_SIGNATURE;
1517     md_table->entry_count = 5;
1518     vhdx_metadata_header_le_export(md_table);
1519 
1520 
1521     /* This will reference beyond the reserved table portion */
1522     offset = 64 * KiB;
1523 
1524     md_table_entry = buffer + sizeof(VHDXMetadataTableHeader);
1525 
1526     md_table_entry[0].item_id = file_param_guid;
1527     md_table_entry[0].offset  = offset;
1528     md_table_entry[0].length  = sizeof(VHDXFileParameters);
1529     md_table_entry[0].data_bits |= VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_REQUIRED;
1530     offset += md_table_entry[0].length;
1531     vhdx_metadata_entry_le_export(&md_table_entry[0]);
1532 
1533     md_table_entry[1].item_id = virtual_size_guid;
1534     md_table_entry[1].offset  = offset;
1535     md_table_entry[1].length  = sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskSize);
1536     md_table_entry[1].data_bits |= VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_REQUIRED |
1537                                    VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_VIRTUAL_DISK;
1538     offset += md_table_entry[1].length;
1539     vhdx_metadata_entry_le_export(&md_table_entry[1]);
1540 
1541     md_table_entry[2].item_id = page83_guid;
1542     md_table_entry[2].offset  = offset;
1543     md_table_entry[2].length  = sizeof(VHDXPage83Data);
1544     md_table_entry[2].data_bits |= VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_REQUIRED |
1545                                    VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_VIRTUAL_DISK;
1546     offset += md_table_entry[2].length;
1547     vhdx_metadata_entry_le_export(&md_table_entry[2]);
1548 
1549     md_table_entry[3].item_id = logical_sector_guid;
1550     md_table_entry[3].offset  = offset;
1551     md_table_entry[3].length  = sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskLogicalSectorSize);
1552     md_table_entry[3].data_bits |= VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_REQUIRED |
1553                                    VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_VIRTUAL_DISK;
1554     offset += md_table_entry[3].length;
1555     vhdx_metadata_entry_le_export(&md_table_entry[3]);
1556 
1557     md_table_entry[4].item_id = phys_sector_guid;
1558     md_table_entry[4].offset  = offset;
1559     md_table_entry[4].length  = sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskPhysicalSectorSize);
1560     md_table_entry[4].data_bits |= VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_REQUIRED |
1561                                    VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_VIRTUAL_DISK;
1562     vhdx_metadata_entry_le_export(&md_table_entry[4]);
1563 
1564     ret = blk_pwrite(blk, metadata_offset, buffer, VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
1565     if (ret < 0) {
1566         goto exit;
1567     }
1568 
1569     ret = blk_pwrite(blk, metadata_offset + (64 * KiB), entry_buffer,
1570                      VHDX_METADATA_ENTRY_BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
1571     if (ret < 0) {
1572         goto exit;
1573     }
1574 
1575 
1576 exit:
1577     g_free(buffer);
1578     g_free(entry_buffer);
1579     return ret;
1580 }
1581 
1582 /* This create the actual BAT itself.  We currently only support
1583  * 'Dynamic' and 'Fixed' image types.
1584  *
1585  *  Dynamic images: default state of the BAT is all zeroes.
1586  *
1587  *  Fixed images: default state of the BAT is fully populated, with
1588  *                file offsets and state PAYLOAD_BLOCK_FULLY_PRESENT.
1589  */
1590 static int vhdx_create_bat(BlockBackend *blk, BDRVVHDXState *s,
1591                            uint64_t image_size, VHDXImageType type,
1592                            bool use_zero_blocks, uint64_t file_offset,
1593                            uint32_t length, Error **errp)
1594 {
1595     int ret = 0;
1596     uint64_t data_file_offset;
1597     uint64_t total_sectors = 0;
1598     uint64_t sector_num = 0;
1599     uint64_t unused;
1600     int block_state;
1601     VHDXSectorInfo sinfo;
1602 
1603     assert(s->bat == NULL);
1604 
1605     /* this gives a data start after BAT/bitmap entries, and well
1606      * past any metadata entries (with a 4 MB buffer for future
1607      * expansion */
1608     data_file_offset = file_offset + length + 5 * MiB;
1609     total_sectors = image_size >> s->logical_sector_size_bits;
1610 
1611     if (type == VHDX_TYPE_DYNAMIC) {
1612         /* All zeroes, so we can just extend the file - the end of the BAT
1613          * is the furthest thing we have written yet */
1614         ret = blk_truncate(blk, data_file_offset, PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, errp);
1615         if (ret < 0) {
1616             goto exit;
1617         }
1618     } else if (type == VHDX_TYPE_FIXED) {
1619         ret = blk_truncate(blk, data_file_offset + image_size,
1620                            PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, errp);
1621         if (ret < 0) {
1622             goto exit;
1623         }
1624     } else {
1625         error_setg(errp, "Unsupported image type");
1626         ret = -ENOTSUP;
1627         goto exit;
1628     }
1629 
1630     if (type == VHDX_TYPE_FIXED ||
1631                 use_zero_blocks ||
1632                 bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(blk)) == 0) {
1633         /* for a fixed file, the default BAT entry is not zero */
1634         s->bat = g_try_malloc0(length);
1635         if (length && s->bat == NULL) {
1636             error_setg(errp, "Failed to allocate memory for the BAT");
1637             ret = -ENOMEM;
1638             goto exit;
1639         }
1640         block_state = type == VHDX_TYPE_FIXED ? PAYLOAD_BLOCK_FULLY_PRESENT :
1641                                                 PAYLOAD_BLOCK_NOT_PRESENT;
1642         block_state = use_zero_blocks ? PAYLOAD_BLOCK_ZERO : block_state;
1643         /* fill the BAT by emulating sector writes of sectors_per_block size */
1644         while (sector_num < total_sectors) {
1645             vhdx_block_translate(s, sector_num, s->sectors_per_block, &sinfo);
1646             sinfo.file_offset = data_file_offset +
1647                                 (sector_num << s->logical_sector_size_bits);
1648             sinfo.file_offset = ROUND_UP(sinfo.file_offset, MiB);
1649             vhdx_update_bat_table_entry(blk_bs(blk), s, &sinfo, &unused, &unused,
1650                                         block_state);
1651             cpu_to_le64s(&s->bat[sinfo.bat_idx]);
1652             sector_num += s->sectors_per_block;
1653         }
1654         ret = blk_pwrite(blk, file_offset, s->bat, length, 0);
1655         if (ret < 0) {
1656             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write the BAT");
1657             goto exit;
1658         }
1659     }
1660 
1661 
1662 
1663 exit:
1664     g_free(s->bat);
1665     return ret;
1666 }
1667 
1668 /* Creates the region table header, and region table entries.
1669  * There are 2 supported region table entries: BAT, and Metadata/
1670  *
1671  * As the calculations for the BAT region table are also needed
1672  * to create the BAT itself, we will also cause the BAT to be
1673  * created.
1674  */
1675 static int vhdx_create_new_region_table(BlockBackend *blk,
1676                                         uint64_t image_size,
1677                                         uint32_t block_size,
1678                                         uint32_t sector_size,
1679                                         uint32_t log_size,
1680                                         bool use_zero_blocks,
1681                                         VHDXImageType type,
1682                                         uint64_t *metadata_offset,
1683                                         Error **errp)
1684 {
1685     int ret = 0;
1686     uint32_t offset = 0;
1687     void *buffer = NULL;
1688     uint64_t bat_file_offset;
1689     uint32_t bat_length;
1690     BDRVVHDXState *s = NULL;
1691     VHDXRegionTableHeader *region_table;
1692     VHDXRegionTableEntry *rt_bat;
1693     VHDXRegionTableEntry *rt_metadata;
1694 
1695     assert(metadata_offset != NULL);
1696 
1697     /* Populate enough of the BDRVVHDXState to be able to use the
1698      * pre-existing BAT calculation, translation, and update functions */
1699     s = g_new0(BDRVVHDXState, 1);
1700 
1701     s->chunk_ratio = (VHDX_MAX_SECTORS_PER_BLOCK) *
1702                      (uint64_t) sector_size / (uint64_t) block_size;
1703 
1704     s->sectors_per_block = block_size / sector_size;
1705     s->virtual_disk_size = image_size;
1706     s->block_size = block_size;
1707     s->logical_sector_size = sector_size;
1708 
1709     vhdx_set_shift_bits(s);
1710 
1711     vhdx_calc_bat_entries(s);
1712 
1713     /* At this point the VHDX state is populated enough for creation */
1714 
1715     /* a single buffer is used so we can calculate the checksum over the
1716      * entire 64KB block */
1717     buffer = g_malloc0(VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE);
1718     region_table = buffer;
1719     offset += sizeof(VHDXRegionTableHeader);
1720     rt_bat = buffer + offset;
1721     offset += sizeof(VHDXRegionTableEntry);
1722     rt_metadata  = buffer + offset;
1723 
1724     region_table->signature = VHDX_REGION_SIGNATURE;
1725     region_table->entry_count = 2;   /* BAT and Metadata */
1726 
1727     rt_bat->guid        = bat_guid;
1728     rt_bat->length      = ROUND_UP(s->bat_entries * sizeof(VHDXBatEntry), MiB);
1729     rt_bat->file_offset = ROUND_UP(VHDX_HEADER_SECTION_END + log_size, MiB);
1730     s->bat_offset = rt_bat->file_offset;
1731 
1732     rt_metadata->guid        = metadata_guid;
1733     rt_metadata->file_offset = ROUND_UP(rt_bat->file_offset + rt_bat->length,
1734                                         MiB);
1735     rt_metadata->length      = 1 * MiB; /* min size, and more than enough */
1736     *metadata_offset = rt_metadata->file_offset;
1737 
1738     bat_file_offset = rt_bat->file_offset;
1739     bat_length = rt_bat->length;
1740 
1741     vhdx_region_header_le_export(region_table);
1742     vhdx_region_entry_le_export(rt_bat);
1743     vhdx_region_entry_le_export(rt_metadata);
1744 
1745     vhdx_update_checksum(buffer, VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE,
1746                          offsetof(VHDXRegionTableHeader, checksum));
1747 
1748 
1749     /* The region table gives us the data we need to create the BAT,
1750      * so do that now */
1751     ret = vhdx_create_bat(blk, s, image_size, type, use_zero_blocks,
1752                           bat_file_offset, bat_length, errp);
1753     if (ret < 0) {
1754         goto exit;
1755     }
1756 
1757     /* Now write out the region headers to disk */
1758     ret = blk_pwrite(blk, VHDX_REGION_TABLE_OFFSET, buffer,
1759                      VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
1760     if (ret < 0) {
1761         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write first region table");
1762         goto exit;
1763     }
1764 
1765     ret = blk_pwrite(blk, VHDX_REGION_TABLE2_OFFSET, buffer,
1766                      VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
1767     if (ret < 0) {
1768         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write second region table");
1769         goto exit;
1770     }
1771 
1772 exit:
1773     g_free(s);
1774     g_free(buffer);
1775     return ret;
1776 }
1777 
1778 /* We need to create the following elements:
1779  *
1780  *    .-----------------------------------------------------------------.
1781  *    |   (A)    |   (B)    |    (C)    |     (D)       |     (E)       |
1782  *    |  File ID |  Header1 |  Header 2 |  Region Tbl 1 |  Region Tbl 2 |
1783  *    |          |          |           |               |               |
1784  *    .-----------------------------------------------------------------.
1785  *    0         64KB      128KB       192KB           256KB           320KB
1786  *
1787  *
1788  *    .---- ~ ----------- ~ ------------ ~ ---------------- ~ -----------.
1789  *    |     (F)     |     (G)       |    (H)    |                        |
1790  *    | Journal Log |  BAT / Bitmap |  Metadata |  .... data ......      |
1791  *    |             |               |           |                        |
1792  *    .---- ~ ----------- ~ ------------ ~ ---------------- ~ -----------.
1793  *   1MB
1794  */
1795 static int vhdx_create(const char *filename, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1796 {
1797     int ret = 0;
1798     uint64_t image_size = (uint64_t) 2 * GiB;
1799     uint32_t log_size   = 1 * MiB;
1800     uint32_t block_size = 0;
1801     uint64_t signature;
1802     uint64_t metadata_offset;
1803     bool use_zero_blocks = false;
1804 
1805     gunichar2 *creator = NULL;
1806     glong creator_items;
1807     BlockBackend *blk;
1808     char *type = NULL;
1809     VHDXImageType image_type;
1810     Error *local_err = NULL;
1811 
1812     image_size = ROUND_UP(qemu_opt_get_size_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0),
1813                           BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1814     log_size = qemu_opt_get_size_del(opts, VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_LOG_SIZE, 0);
1815     block_size = qemu_opt_get_size_del(opts, VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
1816     type = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT);
1817     use_zero_blocks = qemu_opt_get_bool_del(opts, VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_ZERO, true);
1818 
1819     if (image_size > VHDX_MAX_IMAGE_SIZE) {
1820         error_setg_errno(errp, EINVAL, "Image size too large; max of 64TB");
1821         ret = -EINVAL;
1822         goto exit;
1823     }
1824 
1825     if (type == NULL) {
1826         type = g_strdup("dynamic");
1827     }
1828 
1829     if (!strcmp(type, "dynamic")) {
1830         image_type = VHDX_TYPE_DYNAMIC;
1831     } else if (!strcmp(type, "fixed")) {
1832         image_type = VHDX_TYPE_FIXED;
1833     } else if (!strcmp(type, "differencing")) {
1834         error_setg_errno(errp, ENOTSUP,
1835                          "Differencing files not yet supported");
1836         ret = -ENOTSUP;
1837         goto exit;
1838     } else {
1839         error_setg(errp, "Invalid subformat '%s'", type);
1840         ret = -EINVAL;
1841         goto exit;
1842     }
1843 
1844     /* These are pretty arbitrary, and mainly designed to keep the BAT
1845      * size reasonable to load into RAM */
1846     if (block_size == 0) {
1847         if (image_size > 32 * TiB) {
1848             block_size = 64 * MiB;
1849         } else if (image_size > (uint64_t) 100 * GiB) {
1850             block_size = 32 * MiB;
1851         } else if (image_size > 1 * GiB) {
1852             block_size = 16 * MiB;
1853         } else {
1854             block_size = 8 * MiB;
1855         }
1856     }
1857 
1858 
1859     /* make the log size close to what was specified, but must be
1860      * min 1MB, and multiple of 1MB */
1861     log_size = ROUND_UP(log_size, MiB);
1862 
1863     block_size = ROUND_UP(block_size, MiB);
1864     block_size = block_size > VHDX_BLOCK_SIZE_MAX ? VHDX_BLOCK_SIZE_MAX :
1865                                                     block_size;
1866 
1867     ret = bdrv_create_file(filename, opts, &local_err);
1868     if (ret < 0) {
1869         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1870         goto exit;
1871     }
1872 
1873     blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, NULL,
1874                        BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE | BDRV_O_PROTOCOL,
1875                        &local_err);
1876     if (blk == NULL) {
1877         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1878         ret = -EIO;
1879         goto exit;
1880     }
1881 
1882     blk_set_allow_write_beyond_eof(blk, true);
1883 
1884     /* Create (A) */
1885 
1886     /* The creator field is optional, but may be useful for
1887      * debugging / diagnostics */
1888     creator = g_utf8_to_utf16("QEMU v" QEMU_VERSION, -1, NULL,
1889                               &creator_items, NULL);
1890     signature = cpu_to_le64(VHDX_FILE_SIGNATURE);
1891     ret = blk_pwrite(blk, VHDX_FILE_ID_OFFSET, &signature, sizeof(signature),
1892                      0);
1893     if (ret < 0) {
1894         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write file signature");
1895         goto delete_and_exit;
1896     }
1897     if (creator) {
1898         ret = blk_pwrite(blk, VHDX_FILE_ID_OFFSET + sizeof(signature),
1899                          creator, creator_items * sizeof(gunichar2), 0);
1900         if (ret < 0) {
1901             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write creator field");
1902             goto delete_and_exit;
1903         }
1904     }
1905 
1906 
1907     /* Creates (B),(C) */
1908     ret = vhdx_create_new_headers(blk, image_size, log_size);
1909     if (ret < 0) {
1910         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write image headers");
1911         goto delete_and_exit;
1912     }
1913 
1914     /* Creates (D),(E),(G) explicitly. (F) created as by-product */
1915     ret = vhdx_create_new_region_table(blk, image_size, block_size, 512,
1916                                        log_size, use_zero_blocks, image_type,
1917                                        &metadata_offset, errp);
1918     if (ret < 0) {
1919         goto delete_and_exit;
1920     }
1921 
1922     /* Creates (H) */
1923     ret = vhdx_create_new_metadata(blk, image_size, block_size, 512,
1924                                    metadata_offset, image_type);
1925     if (ret < 0) {
1926         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to initialize metadata");
1927         goto delete_and_exit;
1928     }
1929 
1930 
1931 delete_and_exit:
1932     blk_unref(blk);
1933 exit:
1934     g_free(type);
1935     g_free(creator);
1936     return ret;
1937 }
1938 
1939 /* If opened r/w, the VHDX driver will automatically replay the log,
1940  * if one is present, inside the vhdx_open() call.
1941  *
1942  * If qemu-img check -r all is called, the image is automatically opened
1943  * r/w and any log has already been replayed, so there is nothing (currently)
1944  * for us to do here
1945  */
1946 static int vhdx_check(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *result,
1947                        BdrvCheckMode fix)
1948 {
1949     BDRVVHDXState *s = bs->opaque;
1950 
1951     if (s->log_replayed_on_open) {
1952         result->corruptions_fixed++;
1953     }
1954     return 0;
1955 }
1956 
1957 static QemuOptsList vhdx_create_opts = {
1958     .name = "vhdx-create-opts",
1959     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(vhdx_create_opts.head),
1960     .desc = {
1961         {
1962            .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
1963            .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
1964            .help = "Virtual disk size; max of 64TB."
1965        },
1966        {
1967            .name = VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_LOG_SIZE,
1968            .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
1969            .def_value_str = stringify(DEFAULT_LOG_SIZE),
1970            .help = "Log size; min 1MB."
1971        },
1972        {
1973            .name = VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_BLOCK_SIZE,
1974            .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
1975            .def_value_str = stringify(0),
1976            .help = "Block Size; min 1MB, max 256MB. " \
1977                    "0 means auto-calculate based on image size."
1978        },
1979        {
1980            .name = BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT,
1981            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1982            .help = "VHDX format type, can be either 'dynamic' or 'fixed'. "\
1983                    "Default is 'dynamic'."
1984        },
1985        {
1986            .name = VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_ZERO,
1987            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1988            .help = "Force use of payload blocks of type 'ZERO'. "\
1989                    "Non-standard, but default.  Do not set to 'off' when "\
1990                    "using 'qemu-img convert' with subformat=dynamic."
1991        },
1992        { NULL }
1993     }
1994 };
1995 
1996 static BlockDriver bdrv_vhdx = {
1997     .format_name            = "vhdx",
1998     .instance_size          = sizeof(BDRVVHDXState),
1999     .bdrv_probe             = vhdx_probe,
2000     .bdrv_open              = vhdx_open,
2001     .bdrv_close             = vhdx_close,
2002     .bdrv_reopen_prepare    = vhdx_reopen_prepare,
2003     .bdrv_child_perm        = bdrv_format_default_perms,
2004     .bdrv_co_readv          = vhdx_co_readv,
2005     .bdrv_co_writev         = vhdx_co_writev,
2006     .bdrv_create            = vhdx_create,
2007     .bdrv_get_info          = vhdx_get_info,
2008     .bdrv_check             = vhdx_check,
2009     .bdrv_has_zero_init     = bdrv_has_zero_init_1,
2010 
2011     .create_opts            = &vhdx_create_opts,
2012 };
2013 
2014 static void bdrv_vhdx_init(void)
2015 {
2016     bdrv_register(&bdrv_vhdx);
2017 }
2018 
2019 block_init(bdrv_vhdx_init);
2020