xref: /openbmc/qemu/block/qcow2.h (revision f76b348e)
1 /*
2  * Block driver for the QCOW version 2 format
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #ifndef BLOCK_QCOW2_H
26 #define BLOCK_QCOW2_H
27 
28 #include "crypto/block.h"
29 #include "qemu/coroutine.h"
30 #include "qemu/units.h"
31 #include "block/block_int.h"
32 
33 //#define DEBUG_ALLOC
34 //#define DEBUG_ALLOC2
35 //#define DEBUG_EXT
36 
37 #define QCOW_MAGIC (('Q' << 24) | ('F' << 16) | ('I' << 8) | 0xfb)
38 
39 #define QCOW_CRYPT_NONE 0
40 #define QCOW_CRYPT_AES  1
41 #define QCOW_CRYPT_LUKS 2
42 
43 #define QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS 32
44 #define QCOW_MAX_SNAPSHOTS 65536
45 
46 /* Field widths in qcow2 mean normal cluster offsets cannot reach
47  * 64PB; depending on cluster size, compressed clusters can have a
48  * smaller limit (64PB for up to 16k clusters, then ramps down to
49  * 512TB for 2M clusters).  */
50 #define QCOW_MAX_CLUSTER_OFFSET ((1ULL << 56) - 1)
51 
52 /* 8 MB refcount table is enough for 2 PB images at 64k cluster size
53  * (128 GB for 512 byte clusters, 2 EB for 2 MB clusters) */
54 #define QCOW_MAX_REFTABLE_SIZE (8 * MiB)
55 
56 /* 32 MB L1 table is enough for 2 PB images at 64k cluster size
57  * (128 GB for 512 byte clusters, 2 EB for 2 MB clusters) */
58 #define QCOW_MAX_L1_SIZE (32 * MiB)
59 
60 /* Allow for an average of 1k per snapshot table entry, should be plenty of
61  * space for snapshot names and IDs */
62 #define QCOW_MAX_SNAPSHOTS_SIZE (1024 * QCOW_MAX_SNAPSHOTS)
63 
64 /* Maximum amount of extra data per snapshot table entry to accept */
65 #define QCOW_MAX_SNAPSHOT_EXTRA_DATA 1024
66 
67 /* Bitmap header extension constraints */
68 #define QCOW2_MAX_BITMAPS 65535
69 #define QCOW2_MAX_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_SIZE (1024 * QCOW2_MAX_BITMAPS)
70 
71 /* Maximum of parallel sub-request per guest request */
72 #define QCOW2_MAX_WORKERS 8
73 
74 /* indicate that the refcount of the referenced cluster is exactly one. */
75 #define QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED     (1ULL << 63)
76 /* indicate that the cluster is compressed (they never have the copied flag) */
77 #define QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED (1ULL << 62)
78 /* The cluster reads as all zeros */
79 #define QCOW_OFLAG_ZERO (1ULL << 0)
80 
81 #define MIN_CLUSTER_BITS 9
82 #define MAX_CLUSTER_BITS 21
83 
84 /* Defined in the qcow2 spec (compressed cluster descriptor) */
85 #define QCOW2_COMPRESSED_SECTOR_SIZE 512U
86 #define QCOW2_COMPRESSED_SECTOR_MASK (~(QCOW2_COMPRESSED_SECTOR_SIZE - 1ULL))
87 
88 /* Must be at least 2 to cover COW */
89 #define MIN_L2_CACHE_SIZE 2 /* cache entries */
90 
91 /* Must be at least 4 to cover all cases of refcount table growth */
92 #define MIN_REFCOUNT_CACHE_SIZE 4 /* clusters */
93 
94 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX
95 #define DEFAULT_L2_CACHE_MAX_SIZE (32 * MiB)
96 #define DEFAULT_CACHE_CLEAN_INTERVAL 600  /* seconds */
97 #else
98 #define DEFAULT_L2_CACHE_MAX_SIZE (8 * MiB)
99 /* Cache clean interval is currently available only on Linux, so must be 0 */
100 #define DEFAULT_CACHE_CLEAN_INTERVAL 0
101 #endif
102 
103 #define DEFAULT_CLUSTER_SIZE 65536
104 
105 #define QCOW2_OPT_DATA_FILE "data-file"
106 #define QCOW2_OPT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS "lazy-refcounts"
107 #define QCOW2_OPT_DISCARD_REQUEST "pass-discard-request"
108 #define QCOW2_OPT_DISCARD_SNAPSHOT "pass-discard-snapshot"
109 #define QCOW2_OPT_DISCARD_OTHER "pass-discard-other"
110 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP "overlap-check"
111 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_TEMPLATE "overlap-check.template"
112 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_MAIN_HEADER "overlap-check.main-header"
113 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_ACTIVE_L1 "overlap-check.active-l1"
114 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_ACTIVE_L2 "overlap-check.active-l2"
115 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_REFCOUNT_TABLE "overlap-check.refcount-table"
116 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_REFCOUNT_BLOCK "overlap-check.refcount-block"
117 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_SNAPSHOT_TABLE "overlap-check.snapshot-table"
118 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_INACTIVE_L1 "overlap-check.inactive-l1"
119 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_INACTIVE_L2 "overlap-check.inactive-l2"
120 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_BITMAP_DIRECTORY "overlap-check.bitmap-directory"
121 #define QCOW2_OPT_CACHE_SIZE "cache-size"
122 #define QCOW2_OPT_L2_CACHE_SIZE "l2-cache-size"
123 #define QCOW2_OPT_L2_CACHE_ENTRY_SIZE "l2-cache-entry-size"
124 #define QCOW2_OPT_REFCOUNT_CACHE_SIZE "refcount-cache-size"
125 #define QCOW2_OPT_CACHE_CLEAN_INTERVAL "cache-clean-interval"
126 
127 typedef struct QCowHeader {
128     uint32_t magic;
129     uint32_t version;
130     uint64_t backing_file_offset;
131     uint32_t backing_file_size;
132     uint32_t cluster_bits;
133     uint64_t size; /* in bytes */
134     uint32_t crypt_method;
135     uint32_t l1_size; /* XXX: save number of clusters instead ? */
136     uint64_t l1_table_offset;
137     uint64_t refcount_table_offset;
138     uint32_t refcount_table_clusters;
139     uint32_t nb_snapshots;
140     uint64_t snapshots_offset;
141 
142     /* The following fields are only valid for version >= 3 */
143     uint64_t incompatible_features;
144     uint64_t compatible_features;
145     uint64_t autoclear_features;
146 
147     uint32_t refcount_order;
148     uint32_t header_length;
149 
150     /* Additional fields */
151     uint8_t compression_type;
152 
153     /* header must be a multiple of 8 */
154     uint8_t padding[7];
155 } QEMU_PACKED QCowHeader;
156 
157 QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(sizeof(QCowHeader), 8));
158 
159 typedef struct QEMU_PACKED QCowSnapshotHeader {
160     /* header is 8 byte aligned */
161     uint64_t l1_table_offset;
162 
163     uint32_t l1_size;
164     uint16_t id_str_size;
165     uint16_t name_size;
166 
167     uint32_t date_sec;
168     uint32_t date_nsec;
169 
170     uint64_t vm_clock_nsec;
171 
172     uint32_t vm_state_size;
173     uint32_t extra_data_size; /* for extension */
174     /* extra data follows */
175     /* id_str follows */
176     /* name follows  */
177 } QCowSnapshotHeader;
178 
179 typedef struct QEMU_PACKED QCowSnapshotExtraData {
180     uint64_t vm_state_size_large;
181     uint64_t disk_size;
182 } QCowSnapshotExtraData;
183 
184 
185 typedef struct QCowSnapshot {
186     uint64_t l1_table_offset;
187     uint32_t l1_size;
188     char *id_str;
189     char *name;
190     uint64_t disk_size;
191     uint64_t vm_state_size;
192     uint32_t date_sec;
193     uint32_t date_nsec;
194     uint64_t vm_clock_nsec;
195     /* Size of all extra data, including QCowSnapshotExtraData if available */
196     uint32_t extra_data_size;
197     /* Data beyond QCowSnapshotExtraData, if any */
198     void *unknown_extra_data;
199 } QCowSnapshot;
200 
201 struct Qcow2Cache;
202 typedef struct Qcow2Cache Qcow2Cache;
203 
204 typedef struct Qcow2CryptoHeaderExtension {
205     uint64_t offset;
206     uint64_t length;
207 } QEMU_PACKED Qcow2CryptoHeaderExtension;
208 
209 typedef struct Qcow2UnknownHeaderExtension {
210     uint32_t magic;
211     uint32_t len;
212     QLIST_ENTRY(Qcow2UnknownHeaderExtension) next;
213     uint8_t data[];
214 } Qcow2UnknownHeaderExtension;
215 
216 enum {
217     QCOW2_FEAT_TYPE_INCOMPATIBLE    = 0,
218     QCOW2_FEAT_TYPE_COMPATIBLE      = 1,
219     QCOW2_FEAT_TYPE_AUTOCLEAR       = 2,
220 };
221 
222 /* Incompatible feature bits */
223 enum {
224     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY_BITNR      = 0,
225     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT_BITNR    = 1,
226     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DATA_FILE_BITNR  = 2,
227     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_COMPRESSION_BITNR = 3,
228     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY            = 1 << QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY_BITNR,
229     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT          = 1 << QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT_BITNR,
230     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DATA_FILE        = 1 << QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DATA_FILE_BITNR,
231     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_COMPRESSION      = 1 << QCOW2_INCOMPAT_COMPRESSION_BITNR,
232 
233     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_MASK             = QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY
234                                     | QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT
235                                     | QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DATA_FILE
236                                     | QCOW2_INCOMPAT_COMPRESSION,
237 };
238 
239 /* Compatible feature bits */
240 enum {
241     QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS_BITNR = 0,
242     QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS       = 1 << QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS_BITNR,
243 
244     QCOW2_COMPAT_FEAT_MASK            = QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS,
245 };
246 
247 /* Autoclear feature bits */
248 enum {
249     QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS_BITNR       = 0,
250     QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_DATA_FILE_RAW_BITNR = 1,
251     QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS             = 1 << QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS_BITNR,
252     QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_DATA_FILE_RAW       = 1 << QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_DATA_FILE_RAW_BITNR,
253 
254     QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_MASK                = QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS
255                                         | QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_DATA_FILE_RAW,
256 };
257 
258 enum qcow2_discard_type {
259     QCOW2_DISCARD_NEVER = 0,
260     QCOW2_DISCARD_ALWAYS,
261     QCOW2_DISCARD_REQUEST,
262     QCOW2_DISCARD_SNAPSHOT,
263     QCOW2_DISCARD_OTHER,
264     QCOW2_DISCARD_MAX
265 };
266 
267 typedef struct Qcow2Feature {
268     uint8_t type;
269     uint8_t bit;
270     char    name[46];
271 } QEMU_PACKED Qcow2Feature;
272 
273 typedef struct Qcow2DiscardRegion {
274     BlockDriverState *bs;
275     uint64_t offset;
276     uint64_t bytes;
277     QTAILQ_ENTRY(Qcow2DiscardRegion) next;
278 } Qcow2DiscardRegion;
279 
280 typedef uint64_t Qcow2GetRefcountFunc(const void *refcount_array,
281                                       uint64_t index);
282 typedef void Qcow2SetRefcountFunc(void *refcount_array,
283                                   uint64_t index, uint64_t value);
284 
285 typedef struct Qcow2BitmapHeaderExt {
286     uint32_t nb_bitmaps;
287     uint32_t reserved32;
288     uint64_t bitmap_directory_size;
289     uint64_t bitmap_directory_offset;
290 } QEMU_PACKED Qcow2BitmapHeaderExt;
291 
292 #define QCOW2_MAX_THREADS 4
293 
294 typedef struct BDRVQcow2State {
295     int cluster_bits;
296     int cluster_size;
297     int l2_slice_size;
298     int l2_bits;
299     int l2_size;
300     int l1_size;
301     int l1_vm_state_index;
302     int refcount_block_bits;
303     int refcount_block_size;
304     int csize_shift;
305     int csize_mask;
306     uint64_t cluster_offset_mask;
307     uint64_t l1_table_offset;
308     uint64_t *l1_table;
309 
310     Qcow2Cache* l2_table_cache;
311     Qcow2Cache* refcount_block_cache;
312     QEMUTimer *cache_clean_timer;
313     unsigned cache_clean_interval;
314 
315     QLIST_HEAD(, QCowL2Meta) cluster_allocs;
316 
317     uint64_t *refcount_table;
318     uint64_t refcount_table_offset;
319     uint32_t refcount_table_size;
320     uint32_t max_refcount_table_index; /* Last used entry in refcount_table */
321     uint64_t free_cluster_index;
322     uint64_t free_byte_offset;
323 
324     CoMutex lock;
325 
326     Qcow2CryptoHeaderExtension crypto_header; /* QCow2 header extension */
327     QCryptoBlockOpenOptions *crypto_opts; /* Disk encryption runtime options */
328     QCryptoBlock *crypto; /* Disk encryption format driver */
329     bool crypt_physical_offset; /* Whether to use virtual or physical offset
330                                    for encryption initialization vector tweak */
331     uint32_t crypt_method_header;
332     uint64_t snapshots_offset;
333     int snapshots_size;
334     unsigned int nb_snapshots;
335     QCowSnapshot *snapshots;
336 
337     uint32_t nb_bitmaps;
338     uint64_t bitmap_directory_size;
339     uint64_t bitmap_directory_offset;
340 
341     int flags;
342     int qcow_version;
343     bool use_lazy_refcounts;
344     int refcount_order;
345     int refcount_bits;
346     uint64_t refcount_max;
347 
348     Qcow2GetRefcountFunc *get_refcount;
349     Qcow2SetRefcountFunc *set_refcount;
350 
351     bool discard_passthrough[QCOW2_DISCARD_MAX];
352 
353     int overlap_check; /* bitmask of Qcow2MetadataOverlap values */
354     bool signaled_corruption;
355 
356     uint64_t incompatible_features;
357     uint64_t compatible_features;
358     uint64_t autoclear_features;
359 
360     size_t unknown_header_fields_size;
361     void* unknown_header_fields;
362     QLIST_HEAD(, Qcow2UnknownHeaderExtension) unknown_header_ext;
363     QTAILQ_HEAD (, Qcow2DiscardRegion) discards;
364     bool cache_discards;
365 
366     /* Backing file path and format as stored in the image (this is not the
367      * effective path/format, which may be the result of a runtime option
368      * override) */
369     char *image_backing_file;
370     char *image_backing_format;
371     char *image_data_file;
372 
373     CoQueue thread_task_queue;
374     int nb_threads;
375 
376     BdrvChild *data_file;
377 
378     bool metadata_preallocation_checked;
379     bool metadata_preallocation;
380     /*
381      * Compression type used for the image. Default: 0 - ZLIB
382      * The image compression type is set on image creation.
383      * For now, the only way to change the compression type
384      * is to convert the image with the desired compression type set.
385      */
386     Qcow2CompressionType compression_type;
387 } BDRVQcow2State;
388 
389 typedef struct Qcow2COWRegion {
390     /**
391      * Offset of the COW region in bytes from the start of the first cluster
392      * touched by the request.
393      */
394     unsigned    offset;
395 
396     /** Number of bytes to copy */
397     unsigned    nb_bytes;
398 } Qcow2COWRegion;
399 
400 /**
401  * Describes an in-flight (part of a) write request that writes to clusters
402  * that are not referenced in their L2 table yet.
403  */
404 typedef struct QCowL2Meta
405 {
406     /** Guest offset of the first newly allocated cluster */
407     uint64_t offset;
408 
409     /** Host offset of the first newly allocated cluster */
410     uint64_t alloc_offset;
411 
412     /** Number of newly allocated clusters */
413     int nb_clusters;
414 
415     /** Do not free the old clusters */
416     bool keep_old_clusters;
417 
418     /**
419      * Requests that overlap with this allocation and wait to be restarted
420      * when the allocating request has completed.
421      */
422     CoQueue dependent_requests;
423 
424     /**
425      * The COW Region between the start of the first allocated cluster and the
426      * area the guest actually writes to.
427      */
428     Qcow2COWRegion cow_start;
429 
430     /**
431      * The COW Region between the area the guest actually writes to and the
432      * end of the last allocated cluster.
433      */
434     Qcow2COWRegion cow_end;
435 
436     /*
437      * Indicates that COW regions are already handled and do not require
438      * any more processing.
439      */
440     bool skip_cow;
441 
442     /**
443      * The I/O vector with the data from the actual guest write request.
444      * If non-NULL, this is meant to be merged together with the data
445      * from @cow_start and @cow_end into one single write operation.
446      */
447     QEMUIOVector *data_qiov;
448     size_t data_qiov_offset;
449 
450     /** Pointer to next L2Meta of the same write request */
451     struct QCowL2Meta *next;
452 
453     QLIST_ENTRY(QCowL2Meta) next_in_flight;
454 } QCowL2Meta;
455 
456 typedef enum QCow2ClusterType {
457     QCOW2_CLUSTER_UNALLOCATED,
458     QCOW2_CLUSTER_ZERO_PLAIN,
459     QCOW2_CLUSTER_ZERO_ALLOC,
460     QCOW2_CLUSTER_NORMAL,
461     QCOW2_CLUSTER_COMPRESSED,
462 } QCow2ClusterType;
463 
464 typedef enum QCow2MetadataOverlap {
465     QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER_BITNR      = 0,
466     QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1_BITNR        = 1,
467     QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2_BITNR        = 2,
468     QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE_BITNR   = 3,
469     QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK_BITNR   = 4,
470     QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE_BITNR   = 5,
471     QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1_BITNR      = 6,
472     QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2_BITNR      = 7,
473     QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_BITNR = 8,
474 
475     QCOW2_OL_MAX_BITNR              = 9,
476 
477     QCOW2_OL_NONE             = 0,
478     QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER      = (1 << QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER_BITNR),
479     QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1        = (1 << QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1_BITNR),
480     QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2        = (1 << QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2_BITNR),
481     QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE   = (1 << QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE_BITNR),
482     QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK   = (1 << QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK_BITNR),
483     QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE   = (1 << QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE_BITNR),
484     QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1      = (1 << QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1_BITNR),
485     /* NOTE: Checking overlaps with inactive L2 tables will result in bdrv
486      * reads. */
487     QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2      = (1 << QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2_BITNR),
488     QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY = (1 << QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_BITNR),
489 } QCow2MetadataOverlap;
490 
491 /* Perform all overlap checks which can be done in constant time */
492 #define QCOW2_OL_CONSTANT \
493     (QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER | QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1 | QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE | \
494      QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE | QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY)
495 
496 /* Perform all overlap checks which don't require disk access */
497 #define QCOW2_OL_CACHED \
498     (QCOW2_OL_CONSTANT | QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2 | QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK | \
499      QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1)
500 
501 /* Perform all overlap checks */
502 #define QCOW2_OL_ALL \
503     (QCOW2_OL_CACHED | QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2)
504 
505 #define L1E_OFFSET_MASK 0x00fffffffffffe00ULL
506 #define L2E_OFFSET_MASK 0x00fffffffffffe00ULL
507 #define L2E_COMPRESSED_OFFSET_SIZE_MASK 0x3fffffffffffffffULL
508 
509 #define REFT_OFFSET_MASK 0xfffffffffffffe00ULL
510 
511 #define INV_OFFSET (-1ULL)
512 
513 static inline bool has_data_file(BlockDriverState *bs)
514 {
515     BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
516     return (s->data_file != bs->file);
517 }
518 
519 static inline bool data_file_is_raw(BlockDriverState *bs)
520 {
521     BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
522     return !!(s->autoclear_features & QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_DATA_FILE_RAW);
523 }
524 
525 static inline int64_t start_of_cluster(BDRVQcow2State *s, int64_t offset)
526 {
527     return offset & ~(s->cluster_size - 1);
528 }
529 
530 static inline int64_t offset_into_cluster(BDRVQcow2State *s, int64_t offset)
531 {
532     return offset & (s->cluster_size - 1);
533 }
534 
535 static inline uint64_t size_to_clusters(BDRVQcow2State *s, uint64_t size)
536 {
537     return (size + (s->cluster_size - 1)) >> s->cluster_bits;
538 }
539 
540 static inline int64_t size_to_l1(BDRVQcow2State *s, int64_t size)
541 {
542     int shift = s->cluster_bits + s->l2_bits;
543     return (size + (1ULL << shift) - 1) >> shift;
544 }
545 
546 static inline int offset_to_l1_index(BDRVQcow2State *s, uint64_t offset)
547 {
548     return offset >> (s->l2_bits + s->cluster_bits);
549 }
550 
551 static inline int offset_to_l2_index(BDRVQcow2State *s, int64_t offset)
552 {
553     return (offset >> s->cluster_bits) & (s->l2_size - 1);
554 }
555 
556 static inline int offset_to_l2_slice_index(BDRVQcow2State *s, int64_t offset)
557 {
558     return (offset >> s->cluster_bits) & (s->l2_slice_size - 1);
559 }
560 
561 static inline int64_t qcow2_vm_state_offset(BDRVQcow2State *s)
562 {
563     return (int64_t)s->l1_vm_state_index << (s->cluster_bits + s->l2_bits);
564 }
565 
566 static inline QCow2ClusterType qcow2_get_cluster_type(BlockDriverState *bs,
567                                                       uint64_t l2_entry)
568 {
569     if (l2_entry & QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED) {
570         return QCOW2_CLUSTER_COMPRESSED;
571     } else if (l2_entry & QCOW_OFLAG_ZERO) {
572         if (l2_entry & L2E_OFFSET_MASK) {
573             return QCOW2_CLUSTER_ZERO_ALLOC;
574         }
575         return QCOW2_CLUSTER_ZERO_PLAIN;
576     } else if (!(l2_entry & L2E_OFFSET_MASK)) {
577         /* Offset 0 generally means unallocated, but it is ambiguous with
578          * external data files because 0 is a valid offset there. However, all
579          * clusters in external data files always have refcount 1, so we can
580          * rely on QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED to disambiguate. */
581         if (has_data_file(bs) && (l2_entry & QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED)) {
582             return QCOW2_CLUSTER_NORMAL;
583         } else {
584             return QCOW2_CLUSTER_UNALLOCATED;
585         }
586     } else {
587         return QCOW2_CLUSTER_NORMAL;
588     }
589 }
590 
591 /* Check whether refcounts are eager or lazy */
592 static inline bool qcow2_need_accurate_refcounts(BDRVQcow2State *s)
593 {
594     return !(s->incompatible_features & QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY);
595 }
596 
597 static inline uint64_t l2meta_cow_start(QCowL2Meta *m)
598 {
599     return m->offset + m->cow_start.offset;
600 }
601 
602 static inline uint64_t l2meta_cow_end(QCowL2Meta *m)
603 {
604     return m->offset + m->cow_end.offset + m->cow_end.nb_bytes;
605 }
606 
607 static inline uint64_t refcount_diff(uint64_t r1, uint64_t r2)
608 {
609     return r1 > r2 ? r1 - r2 : r2 - r1;
610 }
611 
612 static inline
613 uint32_t offset_to_reftable_index(BDRVQcow2State *s, uint64_t offset)
614 {
615     return offset >> (s->refcount_block_bits + s->cluster_bits);
616 }
617 
618 /* qcow2.c functions */
619 int64_t qcow2_refcount_metadata_size(int64_t clusters, size_t cluster_size,
620                                      int refcount_order, bool generous_increase,
621                                      uint64_t *refblock_count);
622 
623 int qcow2_mark_dirty(BlockDriverState *bs);
624 int qcow2_mark_corrupt(BlockDriverState *bs);
625 int qcow2_mark_consistent(BlockDriverState *bs);
626 int qcow2_update_header(BlockDriverState *bs);
627 
628 void qcow2_signal_corruption(BlockDriverState *bs, bool fatal, int64_t offset,
629                              int64_t size, const char *message_format, ...)
630                              GCC_FMT_ATTR(5, 6);
631 
632 int qcow2_validate_table(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
633                          uint64_t entries, size_t entry_len,
634                          int64_t max_size_bytes, const char *table_name,
635                          Error **errp);
636 
637 /* qcow2-refcount.c functions */
638 int qcow2_refcount_init(BlockDriverState *bs);
639 void qcow2_refcount_close(BlockDriverState *bs);
640 
641 int qcow2_get_refcount(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t cluster_index,
642                        uint64_t *refcount);
643 
644 int qcow2_update_cluster_refcount(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t cluster_index,
645                                   uint64_t addend, bool decrease,
646                                   enum qcow2_discard_type type);
647 
648 int64_t qcow2_refcount_area(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
649                             uint64_t additional_clusters, bool exact_size,
650                             int new_refblock_index,
651                             uint64_t new_refblock_offset);
652 
653 int64_t qcow2_alloc_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t size);
654 int64_t qcow2_alloc_clusters_at(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
655                                 int64_t nb_clusters);
656 int64_t qcow2_alloc_bytes(BlockDriverState *bs, int size);
657 void qcow2_free_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs,
658                           int64_t offset, int64_t size,
659                           enum qcow2_discard_type type);
660 void qcow2_free_any_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t l2_entry,
661                              int nb_clusters, enum qcow2_discard_type type);
662 
663 int qcow2_update_snapshot_refcount(BlockDriverState *bs,
664     int64_t l1_table_offset, int l1_size, int addend);
665 
666 int coroutine_fn qcow2_flush_caches(BlockDriverState *bs);
667 int coroutine_fn qcow2_write_caches(BlockDriverState *bs);
668 int qcow2_check_refcounts(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *res,
669                           BdrvCheckMode fix);
670 
671 void qcow2_process_discards(BlockDriverState *bs, int ret);
672 
673 int qcow2_check_metadata_overlap(BlockDriverState *bs, int ign, int64_t offset,
674                                  int64_t size);
675 int qcow2_pre_write_overlap_check(BlockDriverState *bs, int ign, int64_t offset,
676                                   int64_t size, bool data_file);
677 int qcow2_inc_refcounts_imrt(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *res,
678                              void **refcount_table,
679                              int64_t *refcount_table_size,
680                              int64_t offset, int64_t size);
681 
682 int qcow2_change_refcount_order(BlockDriverState *bs, int refcount_order,
683                                 BlockDriverAmendStatusCB *status_cb,
684                                 void *cb_opaque, Error **errp);
685 int qcow2_shrink_reftable(BlockDriverState *bs);
686 int64_t qcow2_get_last_cluster(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t size);
687 int qcow2_detect_metadata_preallocation(BlockDriverState *bs);
688 
689 /* qcow2-cluster.c functions */
690 int qcow2_grow_l1_table(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t min_size,
691                         bool exact_size);
692 int qcow2_shrink_l1_table(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t max_size);
693 int qcow2_write_l1_entry(BlockDriverState *bs, int l1_index);
694 int qcow2_encrypt_sectors(BDRVQcow2State *s, int64_t sector_num,
695                           uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors, bool enc, Error **errp);
696 
697 int qcow2_get_cluster_offset(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
698                              unsigned int *bytes, uint64_t *cluster_offset);
699 int qcow2_alloc_cluster_offset(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
700                                unsigned int *bytes, uint64_t *host_offset,
701                                QCowL2Meta **m);
702 int qcow2_alloc_compressed_cluster_offset(BlockDriverState *bs,
703                                           uint64_t offset,
704                                           int compressed_size,
705                                           uint64_t *host_offset);
706 
707 int qcow2_alloc_cluster_link_l2(BlockDriverState *bs, QCowL2Meta *m);
708 void qcow2_alloc_cluster_abort(BlockDriverState *bs, QCowL2Meta *m);
709 int qcow2_cluster_discard(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
710                           uint64_t bytes, enum qcow2_discard_type type,
711                           bool full_discard);
712 int qcow2_cluster_zeroize(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
713                           uint64_t bytes, int flags);
714 
715 int qcow2_expand_zero_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs,
716                                BlockDriverAmendStatusCB *status_cb,
717                                void *cb_opaque);
718 
719 /* qcow2-snapshot.c functions */
720 int qcow2_snapshot_create(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_info);
721 int qcow2_snapshot_goto(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *snapshot_id);
722 int qcow2_snapshot_delete(BlockDriverState *bs,
723                           const char *snapshot_id,
724                           const char *name,
725                           Error **errp);
726 int qcow2_snapshot_list(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUSnapshotInfo **psn_tab);
727 int qcow2_snapshot_load_tmp(BlockDriverState *bs,
728                             const char *snapshot_id,
729                             const char *name,
730                             Error **errp);
731 
732 void qcow2_free_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs);
733 int qcow2_read_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
734 int qcow2_write_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs);
735 
736 int coroutine_fn qcow2_check_read_snapshot_table(BlockDriverState *bs,
737                                                  BdrvCheckResult *result,
738                                                  BdrvCheckMode fix);
739 int coroutine_fn qcow2_check_fix_snapshot_table(BlockDriverState *bs,
740                                                 BdrvCheckResult *result,
741                                                 BdrvCheckMode fix);
742 
743 /* qcow2-cache.c functions */
744 Qcow2Cache *qcow2_cache_create(BlockDriverState *bs, int num_tables,
745                                unsigned table_size);
746 int qcow2_cache_destroy(Qcow2Cache *c);
747 
748 void qcow2_cache_entry_mark_dirty(Qcow2Cache *c, void *table);
749 int qcow2_cache_flush(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2Cache *c);
750 int qcow2_cache_write(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2Cache *c);
751 int qcow2_cache_set_dependency(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2Cache *c,
752     Qcow2Cache *dependency);
753 void qcow2_cache_depends_on_flush(Qcow2Cache *c);
754 
755 void qcow2_cache_clean_unused(Qcow2Cache *c);
756 int qcow2_cache_empty(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2Cache *c);
757 
758 int qcow2_cache_get(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2Cache *c, uint64_t offset,
759     void **table);
760 int qcow2_cache_get_empty(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2Cache *c, uint64_t offset,
761     void **table);
762 void qcow2_cache_put(Qcow2Cache *c, void **table);
763 void *qcow2_cache_is_table_offset(Qcow2Cache *c, uint64_t offset);
764 void qcow2_cache_discard(Qcow2Cache *c, void *table);
765 
766 /* qcow2-bitmap.c functions */
767 int qcow2_check_bitmaps_refcounts(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *res,
768                                   void **refcount_table,
769                                   int64_t *refcount_table_size);
770 bool qcow2_load_dirty_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
771 Qcow2BitmapInfoList *qcow2_get_bitmap_info_list(BlockDriverState *bs,
772                                                 Error **errp);
773 int qcow2_reopen_bitmaps_rw(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
774 int qcow2_truncate_bitmaps_check(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
775 void qcow2_store_persistent_dirty_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *bs,
776                                           bool release_stored, Error **errp);
777 int qcow2_reopen_bitmaps_ro(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
778 bool qcow2_co_can_store_new_dirty_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs,
779                                          const char *name,
780                                          uint32_t granularity,
781                                          Error **errp);
782 int qcow2_co_remove_persistent_dirty_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs,
783                                             const char *name,
784                                             Error **errp);
785 bool qcow2_supports_persistent_dirty_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs);
786 uint64_t qcow2_get_persistent_dirty_bitmap_size(BlockDriverState *bs,
787                                                 uint32_t cluster_size);
788 
789 ssize_t coroutine_fn
790 qcow2_co_compress(BlockDriverState *bs, void *dest, size_t dest_size,
791                   const void *src, size_t src_size);
792 ssize_t coroutine_fn
793 qcow2_co_decompress(BlockDriverState *bs, void *dest, size_t dest_size,
794                     const void *src, size_t src_size);
795 int coroutine_fn
796 qcow2_co_encrypt(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t host_offset,
797                  uint64_t guest_offset, void *buf, size_t len);
798 int coroutine_fn
799 qcow2_co_decrypt(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t host_offset,
800                  uint64_t guest_offset, void *buf, size_t len);
801 
802 #endif
803