xref: /openbmc/qemu/block/qcow2.h (revision 4b9fa0b4)
1 /*
2  * Block driver for the QCOW version 2 format
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #ifndef BLOCK_QCOW2_H
26 #define BLOCK_QCOW2_H
27 
28 #include "crypto/block.h"
29 #include "qemu/coroutine.h"
30 #include "qemu/units.h"
31 #include "block/block_int.h"
32 
33 //#define DEBUG_ALLOC
34 //#define DEBUG_ALLOC2
35 //#define DEBUG_EXT
36 
37 #define QCOW_MAGIC (('Q' << 24) | ('F' << 16) | ('I' << 8) | 0xfb)
38 
39 #define QCOW_CRYPT_NONE 0
40 #define QCOW_CRYPT_AES  1
41 #define QCOW_CRYPT_LUKS 2
42 
43 #define QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS 32
44 #define QCOW_MAX_SNAPSHOTS 65536
45 
46 /* Field widths in qcow2 mean normal cluster offsets cannot reach
47  * 64PB; depending on cluster size, compressed clusters can have a
48  * smaller limit (64PB for up to 16k clusters, then ramps down to
49  * 512TB for 2M clusters).  */
50 #define QCOW_MAX_CLUSTER_OFFSET ((1ULL << 56) - 1)
51 
52 /* 8 MB refcount table is enough for 2 PB images at 64k cluster size
53  * (128 GB for 512 byte clusters, 2 EB for 2 MB clusters) */
54 #define QCOW_MAX_REFTABLE_SIZE (8 * MiB)
55 
56 /* 32 MB L1 table is enough for 2 PB images at 64k cluster size
57  * (128 GB for 512 byte clusters, 2 EB for 2 MB clusters) */
58 #define QCOW_MAX_L1_SIZE (32 * MiB)
59 
60 /* Allow for an average of 1k per snapshot table entry, should be plenty of
61  * space for snapshot names and IDs */
62 #define QCOW_MAX_SNAPSHOTS_SIZE (1024 * QCOW_MAX_SNAPSHOTS)
63 
64 /* Bitmap header extension constraints */
65 #define QCOW2_MAX_BITMAPS 65535
66 #define QCOW2_MAX_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_SIZE (1024 * QCOW2_MAX_BITMAPS)
67 
68 /* Maximum of parallel sub-request per guest request */
69 #define QCOW2_MAX_WORKERS 8
70 
71 /* indicate that the refcount of the referenced cluster is exactly one. */
72 #define QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED     (1ULL << 63)
73 /* indicate that the cluster is compressed (they never have the copied flag) */
74 #define QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED (1ULL << 62)
75 /* The cluster reads as all zeros */
76 #define QCOW_OFLAG_ZERO (1ULL << 0)
77 
78 #define MIN_CLUSTER_BITS 9
79 #define MAX_CLUSTER_BITS 21
80 
81 /* Defined in the qcow2 spec (compressed cluster descriptor) */
82 #define QCOW2_COMPRESSED_SECTOR_SIZE 512U
83 #define QCOW2_COMPRESSED_SECTOR_MASK (~(QCOW2_COMPRESSED_SECTOR_SIZE - 1))
84 
85 /* Must be at least 2 to cover COW */
86 #define MIN_L2_CACHE_SIZE 2 /* cache entries */
87 
88 /* Must be at least 4 to cover all cases of refcount table growth */
89 #define MIN_REFCOUNT_CACHE_SIZE 4 /* clusters */
90 
91 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX
92 #define DEFAULT_L2_CACHE_MAX_SIZE (32 * MiB)
93 #define DEFAULT_CACHE_CLEAN_INTERVAL 600  /* seconds */
94 #else
95 #define DEFAULT_L2_CACHE_MAX_SIZE (8 * MiB)
96 /* Cache clean interval is currently available only on Linux, so must be 0 */
97 #define DEFAULT_CACHE_CLEAN_INTERVAL 0
98 #endif
99 
100 #define DEFAULT_CLUSTER_SIZE 65536
101 
102 #define QCOW2_OPT_DATA_FILE "data-file"
103 #define QCOW2_OPT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS "lazy-refcounts"
104 #define QCOW2_OPT_DISCARD_REQUEST "pass-discard-request"
105 #define QCOW2_OPT_DISCARD_SNAPSHOT "pass-discard-snapshot"
106 #define QCOW2_OPT_DISCARD_OTHER "pass-discard-other"
107 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP "overlap-check"
108 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_TEMPLATE "overlap-check.template"
109 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_MAIN_HEADER "overlap-check.main-header"
110 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_ACTIVE_L1 "overlap-check.active-l1"
111 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_ACTIVE_L2 "overlap-check.active-l2"
112 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_REFCOUNT_TABLE "overlap-check.refcount-table"
113 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_REFCOUNT_BLOCK "overlap-check.refcount-block"
114 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_SNAPSHOT_TABLE "overlap-check.snapshot-table"
115 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_INACTIVE_L1 "overlap-check.inactive-l1"
116 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_INACTIVE_L2 "overlap-check.inactive-l2"
117 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_BITMAP_DIRECTORY "overlap-check.bitmap-directory"
118 #define QCOW2_OPT_CACHE_SIZE "cache-size"
119 #define QCOW2_OPT_L2_CACHE_SIZE "l2-cache-size"
120 #define QCOW2_OPT_L2_CACHE_ENTRY_SIZE "l2-cache-entry-size"
121 #define QCOW2_OPT_REFCOUNT_CACHE_SIZE "refcount-cache-size"
122 #define QCOW2_OPT_CACHE_CLEAN_INTERVAL "cache-clean-interval"
123 
124 typedef struct QCowHeader {
125     uint32_t magic;
126     uint32_t version;
127     uint64_t backing_file_offset;
128     uint32_t backing_file_size;
129     uint32_t cluster_bits;
130     uint64_t size; /* in bytes */
131     uint32_t crypt_method;
132     uint32_t l1_size; /* XXX: save number of clusters instead ? */
133     uint64_t l1_table_offset;
134     uint64_t refcount_table_offset;
135     uint32_t refcount_table_clusters;
136     uint32_t nb_snapshots;
137     uint64_t snapshots_offset;
138 
139     /* The following fields are only valid for version >= 3 */
140     uint64_t incompatible_features;
141     uint64_t compatible_features;
142     uint64_t autoclear_features;
143 
144     uint32_t refcount_order;
145     uint32_t header_length;
146 } QEMU_PACKED QCowHeader;
147 
148 typedef struct QEMU_PACKED QCowSnapshotHeader {
149     /* header is 8 byte aligned */
150     uint64_t l1_table_offset;
151 
152     uint32_t l1_size;
153     uint16_t id_str_size;
154     uint16_t name_size;
155 
156     uint32_t date_sec;
157     uint32_t date_nsec;
158 
159     uint64_t vm_clock_nsec;
160 
161     uint32_t vm_state_size;
162     uint32_t extra_data_size; /* for extension */
163     /* extra data follows */
164     /* id_str follows */
165     /* name follows  */
166 } QCowSnapshotHeader;
167 
168 typedef struct QEMU_PACKED QCowSnapshotExtraData {
169     uint64_t vm_state_size_large;
170     uint64_t disk_size;
171 } QCowSnapshotExtraData;
172 
173 
174 typedef struct QCowSnapshot {
175     uint64_t l1_table_offset;
176     uint32_t l1_size;
177     char *id_str;
178     char *name;
179     uint64_t disk_size;
180     uint64_t vm_state_size;
181     uint32_t date_sec;
182     uint32_t date_nsec;
183     uint64_t vm_clock_nsec;
184 } QCowSnapshot;
185 
186 struct Qcow2Cache;
187 typedef struct Qcow2Cache Qcow2Cache;
188 
189 typedef struct Qcow2CryptoHeaderExtension {
190     uint64_t offset;
191     uint64_t length;
192 } QEMU_PACKED Qcow2CryptoHeaderExtension;
193 
194 typedef struct Qcow2UnknownHeaderExtension {
195     uint32_t magic;
196     uint32_t len;
197     QLIST_ENTRY(Qcow2UnknownHeaderExtension) next;
198     uint8_t data[];
199 } Qcow2UnknownHeaderExtension;
200 
201 enum {
202     QCOW2_FEAT_TYPE_INCOMPATIBLE    = 0,
203     QCOW2_FEAT_TYPE_COMPATIBLE      = 1,
204     QCOW2_FEAT_TYPE_AUTOCLEAR       = 2,
205 };
206 
207 /* Incompatible feature bits */
208 enum {
209     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY_BITNR      = 0,
210     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT_BITNR    = 1,
211     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DATA_FILE_BITNR  = 2,
212     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY            = 1 << QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY_BITNR,
213     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT          = 1 << QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT_BITNR,
214     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DATA_FILE        = 1 << QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DATA_FILE_BITNR,
215 
216     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_MASK             = QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY
217                                     | QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT
218                                     | QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DATA_FILE,
219 };
220 
221 /* Compatible feature bits */
222 enum {
223     QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS_BITNR = 0,
224     QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS       = 1 << QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS_BITNR,
225 
226     QCOW2_COMPAT_FEAT_MASK            = QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS,
227 };
228 
229 /* Autoclear feature bits */
230 enum {
231     QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS_BITNR       = 0,
232     QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_DATA_FILE_RAW_BITNR = 1,
233     QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS             = 1 << QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS_BITNR,
234     QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_DATA_FILE_RAW       = 1 << QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_DATA_FILE_RAW_BITNR,
235 
236     QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_MASK                = QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS
237                                         | QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_DATA_FILE_RAW,
238 };
239 
240 enum qcow2_discard_type {
241     QCOW2_DISCARD_NEVER = 0,
242     QCOW2_DISCARD_ALWAYS,
243     QCOW2_DISCARD_REQUEST,
244     QCOW2_DISCARD_SNAPSHOT,
245     QCOW2_DISCARD_OTHER,
246     QCOW2_DISCARD_MAX
247 };
248 
249 typedef struct Qcow2Feature {
250     uint8_t type;
251     uint8_t bit;
252     char    name[46];
253 } QEMU_PACKED Qcow2Feature;
254 
255 typedef struct Qcow2DiscardRegion {
256     BlockDriverState *bs;
257     uint64_t offset;
258     uint64_t bytes;
259     QTAILQ_ENTRY(Qcow2DiscardRegion) next;
260 } Qcow2DiscardRegion;
261 
262 typedef uint64_t Qcow2GetRefcountFunc(const void *refcount_array,
263                                       uint64_t index);
264 typedef void Qcow2SetRefcountFunc(void *refcount_array,
265                                   uint64_t index, uint64_t value);
266 
267 typedef struct Qcow2BitmapHeaderExt {
268     uint32_t nb_bitmaps;
269     uint32_t reserved32;
270     uint64_t bitmap_directory_size;
271     uint64_t bitmap_directory_offset;
272 } QEMU_PACKED Qcow2BitmapHeaderExt;
273 
274 #define QCOW2_MAX_THREADS 4
275 
276 typedef struct BDRVQcow2State {
277     int cluster_bits;
278     int cluster_size;
279     int l2_slice_size;
280     int l2_bits;
281     int l2_size;
282     int l1_size;
283     int l1_vm_state_index;
284     int refcount_block_bits;
285     int refcount_block_size;
286     int csize_shift;
287     int csize_mask;
288     uint64_t cluster_offset_mask;
289     uint64_t l1_table_offset;
290     uint64_t *l1_table;
291 
292     Qcow2Cache* l2_table_cache;
293     Qcow2Cache* refcount_block_cache;
294     QEMUTimer *cache_clean_timer;
295     unsigned cache_clean_interval;
296 
297     uint8_t *cluster_cache;
298     uint8_t *cluster_data;
299     uint64_t cluster_cache_offset;
300     QLIST_HEAD(, QCowL2Meta) cluster_allocs;
301 
302     uint64_t *refcount_table;
303     uint64_t refcount_table_offset;
304     uint32_t refcount_table_size;
305     uint32_t max_refcount_table_index; /* Last used entry in refcount_table */
306     uint64_t free_cluster_index;
307     uint64_t free_byte_offset;
308 
309     CoMutex lock;
310 
311     Qcow2CryptoHeaderExtension crypto_header; /* QCow2 header extension */
312     QCryptoBlockOpenOptions *crypto_opts; /* Disk encryption runtime options */
313     QCryptoBlock *crypto; /* Disk encryption format driver */
314     bool crypt_physical_offset; /* Whether to use virtual or physical offset
315                                    for encryption initialization vector tweak */
316     uint32_t crypt_method_header;
317     uint64_t snapshots_offset;
318     int snapshots_size;
319     unsigned int nb_snapshots;
320     QCowSnapshot *snapshots;
321 
322     uint32_t nb_bitmaps;
323     uint64_t bitmap_directory_size;
324     uint64_t bitmap_directory_offset;
325 
326     int flags;
327     int qcow_version;
328     bool use_lazy_refcounts;
329     int refcount_order;
330     int refcount_bits;
331     uint64_t refcount_max;
332 
333     Qcow2GetRefcountFunc *get_refcount;
334     Qcow2SetRefcountFunc *set_refcount;
335 
336     bool discard_passthrough[QCOW2_DISCARD_MAX];
337 
338     int overlap_check; /* bitmask of Qcow2MetadataOverlap values */
339     bool signaled_corruption;
340 
341     uint64_t incompatible_features;
342     uint64_t compatible_features;
343     uint64_t autoclear_features;
344 
345     size_t unknown_header_fields_size;
346     void* unknown_header_fields;
347     QLIST_HEAD(, Qcow2UnknownHeaderExtension) unknown_header_ext;
348     QTAILQ_HEAD (, Qcow2DiscardRegion) discards;
349     bool cache_discards;
350 
351     /* Backing file path and format as stored in the image (this is not the
352      * effective path/format, which may be the result of a runtime option
353      * override) */
354     char *image_backing_file;
355     char *image_backing_format;
356     char *image_data_file;
357 
358     CoQueue thread_task_queue;
359     int nb_threads;
360 
361     BdrvChild *data_file;
362 
363     bool metadata_preallocation_checked;
364     bool metadata_preallocation;
365 } BDRVQcow2State;
366 
367 typedef struct Qcow2COWRegion {
368     /**
369      * Offset of the COW region in bytes from the start of the first cluster
370      * touched by the request.
371      */
372     unsigned    offset;
373 
374     /** Number of bytes to copy */
375     unsigned    nb_bytes;
376 } Qcow2COWRegion;
377 
378 /**
379  * Describes an in-flight (part of a) write request that writes to clusters
380  * that are not referenced in their L2 table yet.
381  */
382 typedef struct QCowL2Meta
383 {
384     /** Guest offset of the first newly allocated cluster */
385     uint64_t offset;
386 
387     /** Host offset of the first newly allocated cluster */
388     uint64_t alloc_offset;
389 
390     /** Number of newly allocated clusters */
391     int nb_clusters;
392 
393     /** Do not free the old clusters */
394     bool keep_old_clusters;
395 
396     /**
397      * Requests that overlap with this allocation and wait to be restarted
398      * when the allocating request has completed.
399      */
400     CoQueue dependent_requests;
401 
402     /**
403      * The COW Region between the start of the first allocated cluster and the
404      * area the guest actually writes to.
405      */
406     Qcow2COWRegion cow_start;
407 
408     /**
409      * The COW Region between the area the guest actually writes to and the
410      * end of the last allocated cluster.
411      */
412     Qcow2COWRegion cow_end;
413 
414     /*
415      * Indicates that COW regions are already handled and do not require
416      * any more processing.
417      */
418     bool skip_cow;
419 
420     /**
421      * The I/O vector with the data from the actual guest write request.
422      * If non-NULL, this is meant to be merged together with the data
423      * from @cow_start and @cow_end into one single write operation.
424      */
425     QEMUIOVector *data_qiov;
426     size_t data_qiov_offset;
427 
428     /** Pointer to next L2Meta of the same write request */
429     struct QCowL2Meta *next;
430 
431     QLIST_ENTRY(QCowL2Meta) next_in_flight;
432 } QCowL2Meta;
433 
434 typedef enum QCow2ClusterType {
435     QCOW2_CLUSTER_UNALLOCATED,
436     QCOW2_CLUSTER_ZERO_PLAIN,
437     QCOW2_CLUSTER_ZERO_ALLOC,
438     QCOW2_CLUSTER_NORMAL,
439     QCOW2_CLUSTER_COMPRESSED,
440 } QCow2ClusterType;
441 
442 typedef enum QCow2MetadataOverlap {
443     QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER_BITNR      = 0,
444     QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1_BITNR        = 1,
445     QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2_BITNR        = 2,
446     QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE_BITNR   = 3,
447     QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK_BITNR   = 4,
448     QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE_BITNR   = 5,
449     QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1_BITNR      = 6,
450     QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2_BITNR      = 7,
451     QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_BITNR = 8,
452 
453     QCOW2_OL_MAX_BITNR              = 9,
454 
455     QCOW2_OL_NONE             = 0,
456     QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER      = (1 << QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER_BITNR),
457     QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1        = (1 << QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1_BITNR),
458     QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2        = (1 << QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2_BITNR),
459     QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE   = (1 << QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE_BITNR),
460     QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK   = (1 << QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK_BITNR),
461     QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE   = (1 << QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE_BITNR),
462     QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1      = (1 << QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1_BITNR),
463     /* NOTE: Checking overlaps with inactive L2 tables will result in bdrv
464      * reads. */
465     QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2      = (1 << QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2_BITNR),
466     QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY = (1 << QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_BITNR),
467 } QCow2MetadataOverlap;
468 
469 /* Perform all overlap checks which can be done in constant time */
470 #define QCOW2_OL_CONSTANT \
471     (QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER | QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1 | QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE | \
472      QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE | QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY)
473 
474 /* Perform all overlap checks which don't require disk access */
475 #define QCOW2_OL_CACHED \
476     (QCOW2_OL_CONSTANT | QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2 | QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK | \
477      QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1)
478 
479 /* Perform all overlap checks */
480 #define QCOW2_OL_ALL \
481     (QCOW2_OL_CACHED | QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2)
482 
483 #define L1E_OFFSET_MASK 0x00fffffffffffe00ULL
484 #define L2E_OFFSET_MASK 0x00fffffffffffe00ULL
485 #define L2E_COMPRESSED_OFFSET_SIZE_MASK 0x3fffffffffffffffULL
486 
487 #define REFT_OFFSET_MASK 0xfffffffffffffe00ULL
488 
489 #define INV_OFFSET (-1ULL)
490 
491 static inline bool has_data_file(BlockDriverState *bs)
492 {
493     BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
494     return (s->data_file != bs->file);
495 }
496 
497 static inline bool data_file_is_raw(BlockDriverState *bs)
498 {
499     BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
500     return !!(s->autoclear_features & QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_DATA_FILE_RAW);
501 }
502 
503 static inline int64_t start_of_cluster(BDRVQcow2State *s, int64_t offset)
504 {
505     return offset & ~(s->cluster_size - 1);
506 }
507 
508 static inline int64_t offset_into_cluster(BDRVQcow2State *s, int64_t offset)
509 {
510     return offset & (s->cluster_size - 1);
511 }
512 
513 static inline uint64_t size_to_clusters(BDRVQcow2State *s, uint64_t size)
514 {
515     return (size + (s->cluster_size - 1)) >> s->cluster_bits;
516 }
517 
518 static inline int64_t size_to_l1(BDRVQcow2State *s, int64_t size)
519 {
520     int shift = s->cluster_bits + s->l2_bits;
521     return (size + (1ULL << shift) - 1) >> shift;
522 }
523 
524 static inline int offset_to_l1_index(BDRVQcow2State *s, uint64_t offset)
525 {
526     return offset >> (s->l2_bits + s->cluster_bits);
527 }
528 
529 static inline int offset_to_l2_index(BDRVQcow2State *s, int64_t offset)
530 {
531     return (offset >> s->cluster_bits) & (s->l2_size - 1);
532 }
533 
534 static inline int offset_to_l2_slice_index(BDRVQcow2State *s, int64_t offset)
535 {
536     return (offset >> s->cluster_bits) & (s->l2_slice_size - 1);
537 }
538 
539 static inline int64_t qcow2_vm_state_offset(BDRVQcow2State *s)
540 {
541     return (int64_t)s->l1_vm_state_index << (s->cluster_bits + s->l2_bits);
542 }
543 
544 static inline QCow2ClusterType qcow2_get_cluster_type(BlockDriverState *bs,
545                                                       uint64_t l2_entry)
546 {
547     if (l2_entry & QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED) {
548         return QCOW2_CLUSTER_COMPRESSED;
549     } else if (l2_entry & QCOW_OFLAG_ZERO) {
550         if (l2_entry & L2E_OFFSET_MASK) {
551             return QCOW2_CLUSTER_ZERO_ALLOC;
552         }
553         return QCOW2_CLUSTER_ZERO_PLAIN;
554     } else if (!(l2_entry & L2E_OFFSET_MASK)) {
555         /* Offset 0 generally means unallocated, but it is ambiguous with
556          * external data files because 0 is a valid offset there. However, all
557          * clusters in external data files always have refcount 1, so we can
558          * rely on QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED to disambiguate. */
559         if (has_data_file(bs) && (l2_entry & QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED)) {
560             return QCOW2_CLUSTER_NORMAL;
561         } else {
562             return QCOW2_CLUSTER_UNALLOCATED;
563         }
564     } else {
565         return QCOW2_CLUSTER_NORMAL;
566     }
567 }
568 
569 /* Check whether refcounts are eager or lazy */
570 static inline bool qcow2_need_accurate_refcounts(BDRVQcow2State *s)
571 {
572     return !(s->incompatible_features & QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY);
573 }
574 
575 static inline uint64_t l2meta_cow_start(QCowL2Meta *m)
576 {
577     return m->offset + m->cow_start.offset;
578 }
579 
580 static inline uint64_t l2meta_cow_end(QCowL2Meta *m)
581 {
582     return m->offset + m->cow_end.offset + m->cow_end.nb_bytes;
583 }
584 
585 static inline uint64_t refcount_diff(uint64_t r1, uint64_t r2)
586 {
587     return r1 > r2 ? r1 - r2 : r2 - r1;
588 }
589 
590 static inline
591 uint32_t offset_to_reftable_index(BDRVQcow2State *s, uint64_t offset)
592 {
593     return offset >> (s->refcount_block_bits + s->cluster_bits);
594 }
595 
596 /* qcow2.c functions */
597 int64_t qcow2_refcount_metadata_size(int64_t clusters, size_t cluster_size,
598                                      int refcount_order, bool generous_increase,
599                                      uint64_t *refblock_count);
600 
601 int qcow2_mark_dirty(BlockDriverState *bs);
602 int qcow2_mark_corrupt(BlockDriverState *bs);
603 int qcow2_mark_consistent(BlockDriverState *bs);
604 int qcow2_update_header(BlockDriverState *bs);
605 
606 void qcow2_signal_corruption(BlockDriverState *bs, bool fatal, int64_t offset,
607                              int64_t size, const char *message_format, ...)
608                              GCC_FMT_ATTR(5, 6);
609 
610 int qcow2_validate_table(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
611                          uint64_t entries, size_t entry_len,
612                          int64_t max_size_bytes, const char *table_name,
613                          Error **errp);
614 
615 /* qcow2-refcount.c functions */
616 int qcow2_refcount_init(BlockDriverState *bs);
617 void qcow2_refcount_close(BlockDriverState *bs);
618 
619 int qcow2_get_refcount(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t cluster_index,
620                        uint64_t *refcount);
621 
622 int qcow2_update_cluster_refcount(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t cluster_index,
623                                   uint64_t addend, bool decrease,
624                                   enum qcow2_discard_type type);
625 
626 int64_t qcow2_refcount_area(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
627                             uint64_t additional_clusters, bool exact_size,
628                             int new_refblock_index,
629                             uint64_t new_refblock_offset);
630 
631 int64_t qcow2_alloc_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t size);
632 int64_t qcow2_alloc_clusters_at(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
633                                 int64_t nb_clusters);
634 int64_t qcow2_alloc_bytes(BlockDriverState *bs, int size);
635 void qcow2_free_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs,
636                           int64_t offset, int64_t size,
637                           enum qcow2_discard_type type);
638 void qcow2_free_any_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t l2_entry,
639                              int nb_clusters, enum qcow2_discard_type type);
640 
641 int qcow2_update_snapshot_refcount(BlockDriverState *bs,
642     int64_t l1_table_offset, int l1_size, int addend);
643 
644 int coroutine_fn qcow2_flush_caches(BlockDriverState *bs);
645 int coroutine_fn qcow2_write_caches(BlockDriverState *bs);
646 int qcow2_check_refcounts(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *res,
647                           BdrvCheckMode fix);
648 
649 void qcow2_process_discards(BlockDriverState *bs, int ret);
650 
651 int qcow2_check_metadata_overlap(BlockDriverState *bs, int ign, int64_t offset,
652                                  int64_t size);
653 int qcow2_pre_write_overlap_check(BlockDriverState *bs, int ign, int64_t offset,
654                                   int64_t size, bool data_file);
655 int qcow2_inc_refcounts_imrt(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *res,
656                              void **refcount_table,
657                              int64_t *refcount_table_size,
658                              int64_t offset, int64_t size);
659 
660 int qcow2_change_refcount_order(BlockDriverState *bs, int refcount_order,
661                                 BlockDriverAmendStatusCB *status_cb,
662                                 void *cb_opaque, Error **errp);
663 int qcow2_shrink_reftable(BlockDriverState *bs);
664 int64_t qcow2_get_last_cluster(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t size);
665 int qcow2_detect_metadata_preallocation(BlockDriverState *bs);
666 
667 /* qcow2-cluster.c functions */
668 int qcow2_grow_l1_table(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t min_size,
669                         bool exact_size);
670 int qcow2_shrink_l1_table(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t max_size);
671 int qcow2_write_l1_entry(BlockDriverState *bs, int l1_index);
672 int qcow2_encrypt_sectors(BDRVQcow2State *s, int64_t sector_num,
673                           uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors, bool enc, Error **errp);
674 
675 int qcow2_get_cluster_offset(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
676                              unsigned int *bytes, uint64_t *cluster_offset);
677 int qcow2_alloc_cluster_offset(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
678                                unsigned int *bytes, uint64_t *host_offset,
679                                QCowL2Meta **m);
680 int qcow2_alloc_compressed_cluster_offset(BlockDriverState *bs,
681                                           uint64_t offset,
682                                           int compressed_size,
683                                           uint64_t *host_offset);
684 
685 int qcow2_alloc_cluster_link_l2(BlockDriverState *bs, QCowL2Meta *m);
686 void qcow2_alloc_cluster_abort(BlockDriverState *bs, QCowL2Meta *m);
687 int qcow2_cluster_discard(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
688                           uint64_t bytes, enum qcow2_discard_type type,
689                           bool full_discard);
690 int qcow2_cluster_zeroize(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
691                           uint64_t bytes, int flags);
692 
693 int qcow2_expand_zero_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs,
694                                BlockDriverAmendStatusCB *status_cb,
695                                void *cb_opaque);
696 
697 /* qcow2-snapshot.c functions */
698 int qcow2_snapshot_create(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_info);
699 int qcow2_snapshot_goto(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *snapshot_id);
700 int qcow2_snapshot_delete(BlockDriverState *bs,
701                           const char *snapshot_id,
702                           const char *name,
703                           Error **errp);
704 int qcow2_snapshot_list(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUSnapshotInfo **psn_tab);
705 int qcow2_snapshot_load_tmp(BlockDriverState *bs,
706                             const char *snapshot_id,
707                             const char *name,
708                             Error **errp);
709 
710 void qcow2_free_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs);
711 int qcow2_read_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs);
712 
713 /* qcow2-cache.c functions */
714 Qcow2Cache *qcow2_cache_create(BlockDriverState *bs, int num_tables,
715                                unsigned table_size);
716 int qcow2_cache_destroy(Qcow2Cache *c);
717 
718 void qcow2_cache_entry_mark_dirty(Qcow2Cache *c, void *table);
719 int qcow2_cache_flush(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2Cache *c);
720 int qcow2_cache_write(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2Cache *c);
721 int qcow2_cache_set_dependency(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2Cache *c,
722     Qcow2Cache *dependency);
723 void qcow2_cache_depends_on_flush(Qcow2Cache *c);
724 
725 void qcow2_cache_clean_unused(Qcow2Cache *c);
726 int qcow2_cache_empty(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2Cache *c);
727 
728 int qcow2_cache_get(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2Cache *c, uint64_t offset,
729     void **table);
730 int qcow2_cache_get_empty(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2Cache *c, uint64_t offset,
731     void **table);
732 void qcow2_cache_put(Qcow2Cache *c, void **table);
733 void *qcow2_cache_is_table_offset(Qcow2Cache *c, uint64_t offset);
734 void qcow2_cache_discard(Qcow2Cache *c, void *table);
735 
736 /* qcow2-bitmap.c functions */
737 int qcow2_check_bitmaps_refcounts(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *res,
738                                   void **refcount_table,
739                                   int64_t *refcount_table_size);
740 bool qcow2_load_dirty_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
741 Qcow2BitmapInfoList *qcow2_get_bitmap_info_list(BlockDriverState *bs,
742                                                 Error **errp);
743 int qcow2_reopen_bitmaps_rw(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
744 int qcow2_truncate_bitmaps_check(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
745 void qcow2_store_persistent_dirty_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *bs,
746                                           bool release_stored, Error **errp);
747 int qcow2_reopen_bitmaps_ro(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
748 bool qcow2_co_can_store_new_dirty_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs,
749                                          const char *name,
750                                          uint32_t granularity,
751                                          Error **errp);
752 int qcow2_co_remove_persistent_dirty_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs,
753                                             const char *name,
754                                             Error **errp);
755 
756 ssize_t coroutine_fn
757 qcow2_co_compress(BlockDriverState *bs, void *dest, size_t dest_size,
758                   const void *src, size_t src_size);
759 ssize_t coroutine_fn
760 qcow2_co_decompress(BlockDriverState *bs, void *dest, size_t dest_size,
761                     const void *src, size_t src_size);
762 int coroutine_fn
763 qcow2_co_encrypt(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t host_offset,
764                  uint64_t guest_offset, void *buf, size_t len);
765 int coroutine_fn
766 qcow2_co_decrypt(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t host_offset,
767                  uint64_t guest_offset, void *buf, size_t len);
768 
769 #endif
770