1.. SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-2.0-UK
2
3Release notes for 5.0 (scarthgap)
4---------------------------------
5
6New Features / Enhancements in 5.0
7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
8
9-  Linux kernel 6.6, gcc 13.2, glibc 2.39, LLVM 18.1, and over 300 other recipe upgrades
10
11-  New variables:
12
13   -  :term:`CVE_DB_INCR_UPDATE_AGE_THRES`: Configure the maximum age of the
14      internal CVE database for incremental update (instead of a full
15      redownload).
16
17   -  :term:`RPMBUILD_EXTRA_PARAMS`: support extra user-defined fields without
18      crashing the RPM package creation.
19
20   -  :term:`OPKG_MAKE_INDEX_EXTRA_PARAMS`: support extra parameters for
21      ``opkg-make-index``.
22
23   -  :term:`EFI_UKI_PATH`, :term:`EFI_UKI_DIR`: define the location of UKI
24      image in the EFI System partition.
25
26   -  :term:`TARGET_DBGSRC_DIR`: specifies the target path to debug source files
27
28   -  :term:`USERADD_DEPENDS`: provides a way to declare dependencies on the users
29      and/or groups created by other recipes, resolving a long-standing build
30      ordering issue
31
32-  Architecture-specific enhancements:
33
34   -  ``genericarm64``: a new :term:`MACHINE` to represent a 64-bit General Arm
35      SystemReady platform.
36
37   -  Add Power8 tune to PowerPC architecture.
38
39   -  ``arch-armv9``: remove CRC and SVE tunes, since FEAT_CRC32 is now mandatory
40      and SVE/SVE2 are enabled by default in GCC's ``-march=armv9-a``.
41
42   -  ``arm/armv*``: add all of the additional Arm tunes in GCC 13.2.0
43
44-  Kernel-related enhancements:
45
46   -  The default kernel is the current LTS (6.6).
47
48   -  Add support for ``genericarm64``.
49
50-  New core recipes:
51
52   -  `bmaptool <https://github.com/yoctoproject/bmaptool>`__: a tool for
53      creating block maps for files and flashing images, being now under the
54      Yocto Project umbrella.
55
56   -  ``core-image-initramfs-boot``: a minimal initramfs image, containing just
57      ``udev`` and ``init``, designed to find the main root filesystem and
58      pivot to it.
59
60   -  `lzlib <https://www.nongnu.org/lzip/lzlib.html>`__: a data compression
61      library that provides LZMA compression and decompression functions.
62
63   -  `lzop <https://www.lzop.org/>`__: a compression utility based on the LZO
64      library, that was brought back after a (now reverted) removal.
65
66   -  `python3-jsonschema-specifications <https://pypi.org/project/jsonschema-specifications/>`__:
67      support files for JSON Schema Specifications (meta-schemas and
68      vocabularies), added as a new dependency of ``python3-jsonschema``.
69
70   -  `python3-maturin <https://github.com/pyo3/maturin>`__: a project that
71      allows building and publishing Rust crates as Python packages.
72
73   -  `python3-meson-python <https://github.com/mesonbuild/meson-python>`__: a
74      Python build backend that enables the Meson build-system for Python packages.
75
76   -  `python3-pyproject-metadata <https://pypi.org/project/pyproject-metadata/>`__:
77      a class to handle PEP 621 metadata, and a dependency for
78      ``python3-meson-python``.
79
80   -  `python3-referencing <https://github.com/python-jsonschema/referencing>`__:
81      another dependency of ``python3-jsonschema``, it provides an
82      implementation of JSON reference resolution.
83
84   -  `python3-rpds-py <https://pypi.org/project/rpds-py/>`__: Python bindings
85      to the Rust rpds crate, and a runtime dependency for ``python3-referencing``.
86
87   -  `python3-sphinxcontrib-jquery <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-jquery/>`__:
88      a Sphinx extension to include jQuery on newer Sphinx releases. Recent
89      versions of ``python3-sphinx-rtd-theme`` depend on it.
90
91   -  `python3-websockets <https://pypi.org/project/websockets/>`__: a
92      library for building WebSocket servers and clients in Python.
93
94   -  `python3-yamllint <https://github.com/adrienverge/yamllint>`__: a linter
95      for YAML files. In U-Boot, the ``binman`` tool uses this linter to verify the
96      configurations at compile time.
97
98   -  ``systemd-boot-native``: a UEFI boot manager, this time built as native to
99      provide the ``ukify`` tool.
100
101   -  `utfcpp <https://github.com/nemtrif/utfcpp>`__: a C++ library to handle
102      UTF-8 encoded strings. It was added as a dependency for ``taglib`` after
103      its upgrade to v2.0.
104
105   -  `vulkan-utility-libraries <https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Utility-Libraries>`__:
106      a set of libraries to share code across various Vulkan repositories.
107
108   -  `vulkan-volk <https://github.com/zeux/volk>`__: a meta-loader for Vulkan,
109      needed to support building the latest ``vulkan-tools``.
110
111-  QEMU / ``runqemu`` enhancements:
112
113   -  QEMU has been upgraded to version 8.2.1
114
115   -  ``qemuboot``: support predictable network interface names.
116
117   -  ``runqemu``: match ".rootfs." in addition to "-image-" for the root
118      filesystem.
119
120   -  :ref:`ref-classes-cmake-qemu`: a new class allowing to execute cross-compiled
121      binaries using QEMU user-mode emulation.
122
123-  Rust improvements:
124
125   -  Rust has been upgraded to version 1.75
126
127   -  The Rust profiler (i.e., PGO - Profile-Guided Optimization) options were
128      enabled back.
129
130   -  The Rust ``oe-selftest`` were enabled, except for ``mips32`` whose tests
131      are skipped.
132
133   -  ``rust-cross-canadian``: added ``riscv64`` to cross-canadian hosts.
134
135-  wic Image Creator enhancements:
136
137   -  Allow the imager's output file extension to match the imager's name,
138      instead of hardcoding it to ``direct`` (i.e., the default imager)
139
140   -  For GPT-based disks, add reproducible Disk GUID generation
141
142   -  Allow generating reproducible ext4 images
143
144   -  Add feature to fill a specific range of a partition with zeros
145
146   -  ``bootimg-efi``: add ``install-kernel-into-boot-dir`` parameter to
147      configure kernel installation point(s) (i.e., rootfs and/or boot partition)
148
149   -  ``rawcopy``: add support for zstd decompression
150
151-  SDK-related improvements:
152
153   -  ``nativesdk``: let :term:`MACHINE_FEATURES` be set by ``machine-sdk``
154      configuration files.
155
156   -  ``nativesdk``: prevent :term:`MACHINE_FEATURES` and :term:`DISTRO_FEATURES`
157      from being backfilled.
158
159   -  Support for ``riscv64`` as an SDK host architecture
160
161   -  Extend recipes to ``nativesdk``: ``acpica``, ``libpcap``, ``python3-setuptools-rust``
162
163-  Testing:
164
165   -  Move `patchtest` to the core (as ``scripts/patchtest``, test cases under
166      ``meta/lib/patchtest/tests``) and make a number of improvements to enable
167      it to validate patches submitted on the mailing list again. Additionally,
168      make it work with the original upstream version of
169      `Patchwork <http://jk.ozlabs.org/projects/patchwork/>`__.
170
171   -  Add an optional ``unimplemented-ptest`` QA warning to detect upstream
172      packages with tests, that do not use ptest.
173
174   -  ``testimage``: retrieve the ptests directory, especially for the logs,
175      upon ptest failure.
176
177   -  ``oeqa``, ``oe-selftest``: add test cases for Maturin (SDK and runtime).
178
179   -  Proof-of-concept of screenshot-based runtime UI test
180      (``meta/lib/oeqa/runtime/cases/login.py``)
181
182   -  Enable ptests for ``python3-attrs``, ``python3-pyyaml``, ``xz``
183
184-  Utility script changes:
185
186   -  ``oe-init-build-env`` can generate a initial configuration (``.vscode``)
187      for VSCode and its "Yocto Project BitBake" extension.
188
189   -  The ``sstate-cache-management`` script has been rewritten in python for better performance and maintainability
190
191   -  ``bitbake-layers``: added an option to update the reference of repositories in layer setup
192
193-  BitBake improvements:
194
195   -  New ``inherit_defer`` statement which works as
196      :ref:`inherit <bitbake:bitbake-user-manual/bitbake-user-manual-metadata:\`\`inherit\`\` directive>`
197      does, except that it is only evaluated at the end of parsing
198      --- recommended where a conditional expression is used, e.g.::
199
200         inherit_defer ${@bb.utils.contains('PACKAGECONFIG', 'python', 'python3targetconfig', '', d)}
201
202      This allows conditional expressions to be evaluated 'late' meaning changes
203      to the variable after the line is parsed will take effect - with inherit this
204      is not the case.
205
206   -  Add support for :term:`BB_LOADFACTOR_MAX`, so Bitbake can stop running
207      extra tasks if the system load is too high, especially in distributions
208      where ``/proc/pressure`` is disabled.
209
210   -  ``taskexp_ncurses``: add ncurses version of ``taskexp``, the dependency
211      explorer originally implemented with GTK.
212
213   -  Improve ``runqueue`` performance by adding a cache mechanism in
214      ``build_taskdepdata``.
215
216   -  ``bitbake.conf``: add ``runtimedir`` to represent the path to the runtime
217      state directory (i.e., ``/run``).
218
219   -  Allow to disable colored text output through the
220      `NO_COLOR <https://no-color.org/>`__ environment variable.
221
222   -  ``git-make-shallow`` script: add support for Git's ``safe.bareRepository=explicit``
223      configuration setting.
224
225   -  Hash equivalence gained a number of scalability improvements including:
226
227      -  Support for a wide range of database backends through `SQLAlchemy`
228
229      -  Support for hash equivalence server and client to communicate over websockets
230
231      -  Support for per-user permissions in the hashserver, and on the client side
232         specifying credentials via the environment or ``.netrc``
233
234      -  Add garbage collection to remove unused unihashes from the database.
235
236-  devtool improvements:
237
238   -  Introduce a new ``ide-sdk`` plugin to generate a configuration to use
239      the eSDK through an IDE.
240
241   -  Add ``--no-pypi`` option for Python projects that are not hosted on PyPI.
242
243   -  Add support for Git submodules.
244
245   -  ``ide``: ``vscode``: generate files from recipe sysroots and debug the
246      root filesystem in read-only mode to avoid confusion.
247
248   -  ``modify``: add support for multiple sources in :term:`SRC_URI`.
249
250   -  Support plugins within plugins.
251
252-  recipetool improvements:
253
254   - ``appendsrcfile(s)``: add a mode to update the recipe itself.
255
256   - ``appendsrcfile(s)``: add ``--dry-run`` mode.
257
258   - ``create``: add handler to create Go recipes.
259
260   - ``create``: improve identification of licenses.
261
262   - ``create``: add support for modern Python PEP-517 build systems including
263     hatchling, maturin, meson-python.
264
265   - ``create``: add PyPi support.
266
267   - ``create``: prefix created Python recipes with ``python3-``.
268
269-  Packaging changes:
270
271   -  ``package_rpm``: the RPM package compressor's mode can now be overriden.
272
273   -  ipk packaging (using ``opkg``) now uses ``zstd`` compression instead of
274      ``xz`` for better compression and performance.
275
276-  Security improvements:
277
278   -  Improve incremental CVE database download from NVD. Rejected CVEs are
279      removed, configuration is kept up-to-date. The age threshold for
280      incremental update can be configured with :term:`CVE_DB_INCR_UPDATE_AGE_THRES`
281      variable.
282
283-  Toaster Web UI improvements:
284
285   - Numerous bugfixes, and additional input validation
286
287   - Add `pytest` support and add/update test cases
288
289-  Prominent documentation updates:
290
291   -  Documentation for using the new ``devtool ide-sdk`` command and features.
292      See :ref:`using_devtool` for details.
293
294   -  New ":doc:`bitbake:bitbake-user-manual/bitbake-user-manual-ref-variables-context`"
295      section in the BitBake User Manual.
296
297   -  New ``make stylecheck`` command to run `Vale <https://vale.sh>`__,
298      to perform text style checks and comply with text writing standards in
299      the industry.
300
301   -  New ``make sphinx-lint`` command to run `sphinx-lint
302      <https://github.com/sphinx-contrib/sphinx-lint>`__. After customization,
303      this will allow us to enforce Sphinx syntax style choices.
304
305-  Miscellaneous changes:
306
307   -  Systemd's following :term:`PACKAGECONFIG` options were added:
308      ``cryptsetup-plugins``, ``no-ntp-fallback``, and ``p11kit``.
309
310   -  New PACKAGECONFIG options added to ``libarchive``, ``libinput``,
311      ``libunwind``, ``mesa``, ``mesa-gl``, ``openssh``, ``perf``,
312      ``python3-pyyaml``, ``qemu``, ``rpm``, ``shadow``, ``strace``,
313      ``syslinux``, ``systemd``, ``vte``, ``webkitgtk``, ``xserver-xorg``.
314
315   -  ``systemd-boot`` can, from now on, be compiled as ``native``, thus
316      providing ``ukify`` tool to build UKI images.
317
318   -  systemd: split bash completion for ``udevadm`` in a new
319      ``udev-bash-completion`` package.
320
321   -  The :ref:`ref-classes-go-vendor` class was added to support offline builds
322      (i.e., vendoring). It can also handle modules from the same repository,
323      taking into account their versions.
324
325   -  Disable strace support of bluetooth by default.
326
327   -  ``openssh`` now has a systemd service: ``sshd.service``.
328
329   -  The :ref:`ref-classes-python_mesonpy` class was added (moved in from
330      ``meta-python``) to support Python package builds using the meson-python
331      PEP-517 build backend.
332
333   -  Support for unpacking ``.7z`` archives in :term:`SRC_URI` using ``p7zip``.
334
335   -  Add minimal VS Code configuration to avoid VS Code's indexer from choking
336      on build directories.
337
338
339Known Issues in 5.0
340~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
341
342-  ``gpgme`` has had Python binding support disabled since upstream does not yet support Python 3.12.
343
344
345Recipe License changes in 5.0
346~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
347
348The following corrections have been made to the :term:`LICENSE` values set by recipes:
349
350-  ``elfutils``: split license for libraries & backend and utilities.
351-  ``ghostscript``: correct :term:`LICENSE` to ``AGPL-3.0-or-later``.
352-  ``kbd``: update license for consolefont and keymaps.
353-  ``libsystemd``: set its own :term:`LICENSE` value (``LGPL-2.1-or-later``) to add more granularity.
354-  ``libtest-warnings-perl``: update :term:`LICENSE` ``Artistic-1.0`` to ``Artistic-1.0-Perl``.
355-  ``linux-firmware``: set package :term:`LICENSE` appropriately for ``carl9170``, ``rockchip`` and ``powerpr``.
356-  ``newlib``: add license ``Apache-2.0-with-LLVM-exception``.
357-  ``python3-poetry-core``: add license ``BSD-3-Clause`` for ``fastjsonschema``.
358-  ``systemd``: make the scope of ``LGPL`` more accurate (``LGPL-2.1`` -> ``LGPL-2.1-or-later``).
359-  ``util-linux``: add ``GPL-1.0-or-later`` license for fdisk and ``MIT`` license for ``flock``.
360-  ``zstd``: set to dual-licensed ``BSD-3-Clause`` or ``GPL-2.0-only``.
361
362Security Fixes in 5.0
363~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
364
365-  avahi: :cve_nist:`2023-1981`, :cve_nist:`2023-38469`, :cve_nist:`2023-38470`, :cve_nist:`2023-38471`, :cve_nist:`2023-38469`, :cve_nist:`2023-38470`, :cve_nist:`2023-38471`, :cve_nist:`2023-38472`, :cve_nist:`2023-38473`
366-  bind: :cve_nist:`2023-4408`, :cve_nist:`2023-5517`, :cve_nist:`2023-5679`, :cve_nist:`2023-50387`
367-  bluez5: :cve_nist:`2023-45866`
368-  coreutils: :cve_nist:`2024-0684`
369-  cups: :cve_nist:`2023-4504`
370-  curl: :cve_nist:`2023-46218`
371-  expat: :cve_nist:`2024-28757`
372-  gcc: :cve_nist:`2023-4039`
373-  glibc: :cve_nist:`2023-5156`, :cve_nist:`2023-0687`
374-  gnutls: :cve_nist:`2024-0553`, :cve_nist:`2024-0567`, :cve_nist:`2024-28834`, :cve_nist:`2024-28835`
375-  go: :cve_nist:`2023-45288`
376-  grub: :cve_nist:`2023-4692`, :cve_nist:`2023-4693`
377-  grub2: :cve_nist:`2023-4001` (ignored), :cve_nist:`2024-1048` (ignored)
378-  libgit2: :cve_nist:`2024-24575`, :cve_nist:`2024-24577`
379-  libsndfile1: :cve_nist:`2022-33065`
380-  libssh2: :cve_nist:`2023-48795`
381-  libuv: :cve_nist:`2024-24806`
382-  libxml2: :cve_nist:`2023-45322` (ignored)
383-  linux-yocto/6.6: :cve_nist:`2020-16119`
384-  openssh: :cve_nist:`2023-48795`, :cve_nist:`2023-51384`, :cve_nist:`2023-51385`
385-  openssl: :cve_nist:`2023-5363`, :cve_nist:`2023-5678`, :cve_nist:`2023-6129`, :cve_mitre:`2023-6237`, :cve_nist:`2024-0727`, :cve_nist:`2024-2511`
386-  perl: :cve_nist:`2023-47100`
387-  pixman: :cve_nist:`2023-37769` (ignored)
388-  python3-cryptography{-vectors}: :cve_nist:`2023-49083`, :cve_nist:`2024-26130`
389-  python3-urllib3: :cve_nist:`2023-45803`
390-  shadow: :cve_nist:`2023-4641`
391-  sudo: :cve_nist:`2023-42456`
392-  tiff: :cve_nist:`2023-6228`, :cve_nist:`2023-6277`, :cve_nist:`2023-52355`, :cve_nist:`2023-52356`
393-  vim: :cve_nist:`2023-46246`, :cve_nist:`2023-48231`, :cve_nist:`2023-48232`, :cve_nist:`2023-48233`, :cve_nist:`2023-48234`, :cve_nist:`2023-48235`, :cve_nist:`2023-48236`, :cve_nist:`2023-48237`, :cve_nist:`2024-22667`
394-  wpa-supplicant: :cve_nist:`2023-52160`
395-  xserver-xorg: :cve_nist:`2023-5574`, :cve_nist:`2023-6816`, :cve_nist:`2024-0229`, :cve_nist:`2024-0408`, :cve_nist:`2024-0409`, :cve_nist:`2024-21885`, :cve_nist:`2024-21886`
396-  xwayland: :cve_nist:`2023-5367`, :cve_nist:`2024-0408`, :cve_nist:`2024-0409`, :cve_nist:`2023-6816`, :cve_nist:`2024-0229`, :cve_nist:`2024-21885`, :cve_nist:`2024-21886`
397-  zlib: :cve_nist:`2023-45853` (ignored), :cve_nist:`2023-6992` (ignored)
398
399
400Recipe Upgrades in 5.0
401~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
402
403-  acl 2.3.1 -> 2.3.2
404-  acpica 20230628 -> 20240322
405-  alsa-lib 1.2.10 -> 1.2.11
406-  alsa-tools 1.2.5 -> 1.2.11
407-  alsa-ucm-conf 1.2.10 -> 1.2.11
408-  alsa-utils 1.2.10 -> 1.2.11
409-  appstream 0.16.3 -> 1.0.2
410-  autoconf 2.72c -> 2.72e
411-  bash 5.2.15 -> 5.2.21
412-  bash-completion 2.11 -> 2.12.0
413-  binutils 2.41 -> 2.42
414-  bluez5 5.69 -> 5.72
415-  boost 1.83.0 -> 1.84.0
416-  boost-build-native 1.83.0 -> 1.84.0
417-  btrfs-tools 6.5.1 -> 6.7.1
418-  cairo 1.16.0 -> 1.18.0
419-  cargo 1.70.0 -> 1.75.0
420-  cargo-c-native 0.9.18 -> 0.9.30+cargo-0.77.0
421-  ccache 4.8.3 -> 4.9.1
422-  cmake 3.27.7 -> 3.28.3
423-  cmake-native 3.27.7 -> 3.28.3
424-  createrepo-c 1.0.0 -> 1.0.4
425-  cronie 1.6.1 -> 1.7.1
426-  cross-localedef-native 2.38+git -> 2.39+git
427-  cups 2.4.6 -> 2.4.7
428-  curl 8.4.0 -> 8.7.1
429-  dbus-wait 0.1+git (6cc6077a36fe…) -> 0.1+git (64bc7c8fae61…)
430-  debianutils 5.13 -> 5.16
431-  desktop-file-utils 0.26 -> 0.27
432-  dhcpcd 10.0.2 -> 10.0.6
433-  diffoscope 249 -> 259
434-  diffstat 1.65 -> 1.66
435-  dnf 4.17.0 -> 4.19.0
436-  dos2unix 7.5.1 -> 7.5.2
437-  ed 1.19 -> 1.20.1
438-  efivar 38+39+git -> 39+39+git
439-  elfutils 0.189 -> 0.191
440-  ell 0.60 -> 0.63
441-  enchant2 2.6.2 -> 2.6.7
442-  epiphany 44.6 -> 46.0
443-  erofs-utils 1.6 -> 1.7.1
444-  ethtool 6.5 -> 6.7
445-  eudev 3.2.12 -> 3.2.14
446-  expat 2.5.0 -> 2.6.2
447-  ffmpeg 6.0 -> 6.1.1
448-  fontconfig 2.14.2 -> 2.15.0
449-  gawk 5.2.2 -> 5.3.0
450-  gcr 4.1.0 -> 4.2.0
451-  gdb 13.2 -> 14.2
452-  gettext 0.22 -> 0.22.5
453-  gettext-minimal-native 0.22 -> 0.22.5
454-  gi-docgen 2023.1 -> 2023.3
455-  git 2.42.0 -> 2.44.0
456-  glib-2.0 2.78.3 -> 2.78.4
457-  glib-networking 2.76.1 -> 2.78.1
458-  glibc 2.38+git -> 2.39+git
459-  glibc-locale 2.38 -> 2.39+git
460-  glibc-mtrace 2.38 -> 2.39+git
461-  glibc-scripts 2.38 -> 2.39+git
462-  glibc-testsuite 2.38+git -> 2.39+git
463-  glibc-y2038-tests 2.38+git -> 2.39+git
464-  glslang 1.3.261.1 -> 1.3.275.0
465-  gnu-config 20230216+git -> 20240101+git
466-  gnupg 2.4.3 -> 2.4.4
467-  gnutls 3.8.3 -> 3.8.4
468-  go 1.20.12 -> 1.22.2
469-  go-binary-native 1.20.12 -> 1.22.2
470-  go-native 1.20.12 -> 1.22.2
471-  go-runtime 1.20.12 -> 1.22.2
472-  gpgme 1.22.0 -> 1.23.2
473-  grub 2.06 -> 2.12
474-  grub-efi 2.06 -> 2.12
475-  gsettings-desktop-schemas 44.0 -> 46.0
476-  gst-devtools 1.22.9 -> 1.22.11
477-  gstreamer1.0 1.22.9 -> 1.22.11
478-  gstreamer1.0-libav 1.22.9 -> 1.22.11
479-  gstreamer1.0-omx 1.22.9 -> 1.22.11
480-  gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad 1.22.9 -> 1.22.11
481-  gstreamer1.0-plugins-base 1.22.9 -> 1.22.11
482-  gstreamer1.0-plugins-good 1.22.9 -> 1.22.11
483-  gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly 1.22.9 -> 1.22.11
484-  gstreamer1.0-python 1.22.9 -> 1.22.11
485-  gstreamer1.0-rtsp-server 1.22.9 -> 1.22.11
486-  gstreamer1.0-vaapi 1.22.9 -> 1.22.11
487-  gtk+3 3.24.38 -> 3.24.41
488-  gtk4 4.12.3 -> 4.14.1
489-  harfbuzz 8.2.2 -> 8.3.0
490-  hwlatdetect 2.5 -> 2.6
491-  icu 73-2 -> 74-1
492-  inetutils 2.4 -> 2.5
493-  init-system-helpers 1.65.2 -> 1.66
494-  iproute2 6.5.0 -> 6.7.0
495-  iptables 1.8.9 -> 1.8.10
496-  iputils 20221126 -> 20240117
497-  iso-codes 4.15.0 -> 4.16.0
498-  iw 5.19 -> 6.7
499-  json-glib 1.6.6 -> 1.8.0
500-  kbd 2.6.3 -> 2.6.4
501-  kexec-tools 2.0.27 -> 2.0.28
502-  kmod 30 -> 31
503-  kmscube git -> 0.0.1+git
504-  libadwaita 1.4.2 -> 1.5.0
505-  libbsd 0.11.7 -> 0.12.1
506-  libcap-ng 0.8.3 -> 0.8.4
507-  libcap-ng-python 0.8.3 -> 0.8.4
508-  libcomps 0.1.19 -> 0.1.20
509-  libdnf 0.71.0 -> 0.73.0
510-  libdrm 2.4.116 -> 2.4.120
511-  libffi 3.4.4 -> 3.4.6
512-  libgit2 1.7.1 -> 1.7.2
513-  libgloss 4.3.0+git -> 4.4.0+git
514-  libgpg-error 1.47 -> 1.48
515-  libhandy 1.8.2 -> 1.8.3
516-  libical 3.0.16 -> 3.0.17
517-  libidn2 2.3.4 -> 2.3.7
518-  libinput 1.24.0 -> 1.25.0
519-  libksba 1.6.4 -> 1.6.6
520-  libmicrohttpd 0.9.77 -> 1.0.1
521-  libnl 3.8.0 -> 3.9.0
522-  libnotify 0.8.2 -> 0.8.3
523-  libpciaccess 0.17 -> 0.18
524-  libpcre2 10.42 -> 10.43
525-  libpng 1.6.40 -> 1.6.42
526-  libproxy 0.5.3 -> 0.5.4
527-  libpsl 0.21.2 -> 0.21.5
528-  librepo 1.16.0 -> 1.17.0
529-  librsvg 2.56.3 -> 2.57.1
530-  libsdl2 2.28.4 -> 2.30.0
531-  libseccomp 2.5.4 -> 2.5.5
532-  libsecret 0.21.1 -> 0.21.4
533-  libsolv 0.7.26 -> 0.7.28
534-  libsoup 3.4.2 -> 3.4.4
535-  libstd-rs 1.70.0 -> 1.75.0
536-  libtest-warnings-perl 0.031 -> 0.033
537-  libtirpc 1.3.3 -> 1.3.4
538-  libubootenv 0.3.4 -> 0.3.5
539-  libunistring 1.1 -> 1.2
540-  liburi-perl 5.21 -> 5.27
541-  libusb1 1.0.26 -> 1.0.27
542-  libuv 1.46.0 -> 1.48.0
543-  libva 2.19.0 -> 2.20.0
544-  libva-initial 2.19.0 -> 2.20.0
545-  libwpe 1.14.1 -> 1.14.2
546-  libxext 1.3.5 -> 1.3.6
547-  libxkbcommon 1.5.0 -> 1.6.0
548-  libxkbfile 1.1.2 -> 1.1.3
549-  libxml-parser-perl 2.46 -> 2.47
550-  libxml2 2.11.7 -> 2.12.5
551-  libxmlb 0.3.14 -> 0.3.15
552-  libxrandr 1.5.3 -> 1.5.4
553-  libxvmc 1.0.13 -> 1.0.14
554-  lighttpd 1.4.71 -> 1.4.74
555-  linux-firmware 20240220 -> 20240312
556-  linux-libc-headers 6.5 -> 6.6
557-  linux-yocto 6.1.78+git, 6.5.13+git -> 6.6.23+git
558-  linux-yocto-dev 6.6+git -> 6.9+git
559-  linux-yocto-rt 6.1.78+git, 6.5.13+git -> 6.6.23+git
560-  linux-yocto-tiny 6.1.78+git, 6.5.13+git -> 6.6.23+git
561-  llvm 17.0.3 -> 18.1.3
562-  lsof 4.98.0 -> 4.99.3
563-  ltp 20230516 -> 20240129
564-  lttng-modules 2.13.10 -> 2.13.12
565-  lttng-ust 2.13.6 -> 2.13.7
566-  lzip 1.23 -> 1.24
567-  makedepend 1.0.8 -> 1.0.9
568-  man-db 2.11.2 -> 2.12.0
569-  man-pages 6.05.01 -> 6.06
570-  mc 4.8.30 -> 4.8.31
571-  mesa 23.2.1 -> 24.0.2
572-  mesa-gl 23.2.1 -> 24.0.2
573-  meson 1.2.2 -> 1.3.1
574-  minicom 2.8 -> 2.9
575-  mmc-utils 0.1+git (613495ecaca9…) -> 0.1+git (b5ca140312d2…)
576-  mpg123 1.31.3 -> 1.32.5
577-  newlib 4.3.0+git -> 4.4.0+git
578-  nghttp2 1.57.0 -> 1.61.0
579-  numactl 2.0.16 -> 2.0.18
580-  ofono 2.1 -> 2.4
581-  opensbi 1.2 -> 1.4
582-  openssh 9.5p1 -> 9.6p1
583-  openssl 3.1.5 -> 3.2.1
584-  opkg 0.6.2 -> 0.6.3
585-  opkg-utils 0.6.2 -> 0.6.3
586-  orc 0.4.34 -> 0.4.38
587-  ovmf edk2-stable202308 -> edk2-stable202402
588-  p11-kit 0.25.0 -> 0.25.3
589-  pango 1.51.0 -> 1.52.0
590-  pciutils 3.10.0 -> 3.11.1
591-  piglit 1.0+gitr (71c21b1157c4…) -> 1.0+gitr (22eaf6a91cfd…)
592-  pkgconf 2.0.3 -> 2.1.1
593-  psplash 0.1+git (44afb7506d43…) -> 0.1+git (ecc191375669…)
594-  ptest-runner 2.4.2+git -> 2.4.3+git
595-  pulseaudio 16.1 -> 17.0
596-  puzzles 0.0+git (2d9e414ee316…) -> 0.0+git (80aac3104096…)
597-  python3 3.11.5 -> 3.12.3
598-  python3-alabaster 0.7.13 -> 0.7.16
599-  python3-attrs 23.1.0 -> 23.2.0
600-  python3-babel 2.12.1 -> 2.14.0
601-  python3-bcrypt 4.0.1 -> 4.1.2
602-  python3-beartype 0.15.0 -> 0.17.2
603-  python3-build 1.0.3 -> 1.1.1
604-  python3-certifi 2023.7.22 -> 2024.2.2
605-  python3-cffi 1.15.1 -> 1.16.0
606-  python3-cryptography 41.0.4 -> 42.0.5
607-  python3-cryptography-vectors 41.0.4 -> 42.0.5
608-  python3-cython 0.29.36 -> 3.0.8
609-  python3-dbusmock 0.29.1 -> 0.31.1
610-  python3-dtschema 2023.7 -> 2024.2
611-  python3-git 3.1.36 -> 3.1.42
612-  python3-gitdb 4.0.10 -> 4.0.11
613-  python3-hatch-fancy-pypi-readme 23.1.0 -> 24.1.0
614-  python3-hatch-vcs 0.3.0 -> 0.4.0
615-  python3-hatchling 1.18.0 -> 1.21.1
616-  python3-hypothesis 6.86.2 -> 6.98.15
617-  python3-idna 3.4 -> 3.6
618-  python3-importlib-metadata 6.8.0 -> 7.0.1
619-  python3-iso8601 2.0.0 -> 2.1.0
620-  python3-jsonschema 4.17.3 -> 4.21.1
621-  python3-license-expression 30.1.1 -> 30.2.0
622-  python3-lxml 4.9.3 -> 5.0.0
623-  python3-mako 1.2.4 -> 1.3.2
624-  python3-markdown 3.4.4 -> 3.5.2
625-  python3-markupsafe 2.1.3 -> 2.1.5
626-  python3-more-itertools 10.1.0 -> 10.2.0
627-  python3-numpy 1.26.0 -> 1.26.4
628-  python3-packaging 23.1 -> 23.2
629-  python3-pathspec 0.11.2 -> 0.12.1
630-  python3-pbr 5.11.1 -> 6.0.0
631-  python3-pip 23.2.1 -> 24.0
632-  python3-pluggy 1.3.0 -> 1.4.0
633-  python3-poetry-core 1.7.0 -> 1.9.0
634-  python3-psutil 5.9.5 -> 5.9.8
635-  python3-pyasn1 0.5.0 -> 0.5.1
636-  python3-pycairo 1.24.0 -> 1.26.0
637-  python3-pycryptodome 3.19.0 -> 3.20.0
638-  python3-pycryptodomex 3.19.0 -> 3.20.0
639-  python3-pygments 2.16.1 -> 2.17.2
640-  python3-pyopenssl 23.2.0 -> 24.0.0
641-  python3-pyrsistent 0.19.3 -> 0.20.0
642-  python3-pytest 7.4.2 -> 8.0.2
643-  python3-pytest-runner 6.0.0 -> 6.0.1
644-  python3-pytz 2023.3 -> 2024.1
645-  python3-ruamel-yaml 0.17.32 -> 0.18.6
646-  python3-scons 4.5.2 -> 4.6.0
647-  python3-setuptools 68.2.2 -> 69.1.1
648-  python3-setuptools-rust 1.7.0 -> 1.9.0
649-  python3-setuptools-scm 7.1.0 -> 8.0.4
650-  python3-spdx-tools 0.8.1 -> 0.8.2
651-  python3-sphinx-rtd-theme 1.3.0 -> 2.0.0
652-  python3-sphinxcontrib-applehelp 1.0.4 -> 1.0.8
653-  python3-sphinxcontrib-devhelp 1.0.2 -> 1.0.6
654-  python3-sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp 2.0.1 -> 2.0.5
655-  python3-sphinxcontrib-qthelp 1.0.3 -> 1.0.7
656-  python3-sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml 1.1.5 -> 1.1.10
657-  python3-subunit 1.4.2 -> 1.4.4
658-  python3-testtools 2.6.0 -> 2.7.1
659-  python3-trove-classifiers 2023.9.19 -> 2024.2.23
660-  python3-typing-extensions 4.8.0 -> 4.10.0
661-  python3-unittest-automake-output 0.1 -> 0.2
662-  python3-urllib3 2.0.7 -> 2.2.1
663-  python3-wcwidth 0.2.6 -> 0.2.13
664-  python3-wheel 0.41.2 -> 0.42.0
665-  qemu 8.1.4 -> 8.2.1
666-  qemu-native 8.1.4 -> 8.2.1
667-  qemu-system-native 8.1.4 -> 8.2.1
668-  repo 2.36.1 -> 2.42
669-  resolvconf 1.91 -> 1.92
670-  rpm 4.18.1 -> 4.19.1
671-  rt-tests 2.5 -> 2.6
672-  rust 1.70.0 -> 1.75.0
673-  rust-cross-canadian 1.70.0 -> 1.75.0
674-  rust-llvm 1.70.0 -> 1.75.0
675-  shaderc 2023.6 -> 2023.8
676-  shadow 4.13 -> 4.14.2
677-  shared-mime-info 2.2 -> 2.4
678-  socat 1.7.4.4 -> 1.8.0.0
679-  spirv-headers 1.3.261.1 -> 1.3.275.0
680-  spirv-tools 1.3.261.1 -> 1.3.275.0
681-  sqlite3 3.43.2 -> 3.45.1
682-  strace 6.5 -> 6.7
683-  stress-ng 0.16.05 -> 0.17.05
684-  subversion 1.14.2 -> 1.14.3
685-  swig 4.1.1 -> 4.2.1
686-  sysstat 12.7.4 -> 12.7.5
687-  systemd 254.4 -> 255.4
688-  systemd-boot 254.4 -> 255.4
689-  systemd-bootchart 234 -> 235
690-  systemtap 4.9 -> 5.0
691-  systemtap-native 4.9 -> 5.0
692-  taglib 1.13.1 -> 2.0
693-  ttyrun 2.29.0 -> 2.31.0
694-  u-boot 2023.10 -> 2024.01
695-  u-boot-tools 2023.10 -> 2024.01
696-  update-rc.d 0.8 (8636cf478d42…) -> 0.8 (b8f950105010…)
697-  usbutils 015 -> 017
698-  util-linux 2.39.2 -> 2.39.3
699-  util-linux-libuuid 2.39.2 -> 2.39.3
700-  vala 0.56.13 -> 0.56.15
701-  valgrind 3.21.0 -> 3.22.0
702-  vim 9.0.2190 -> 9.1.0114
703-  vim-tiny 9.0.2190 -> 9.1.0114
704-  virglrenderer 0.10.4 -> 1.0.1
705-  vte 0.72.2 -> 0.74.2
706-  vulkan-headers 1.3.261.1 -> 1.3.275.0
707-  vulkan-loader 1.3.261.1 -> 1.3.275.0
708-  vulkan-tools 1.3.261.1 -> 1.3.275.0
709-  vulkan-validation-layers 1.3.261.1 -> 1.3.275.0
710-  wayland-protocols 1.32 -> 1.33
711-  webkitgtk 2.40.5 -> 2.44.0
712-  weston 12.0.2 -> 13.0.0
713-  xkbcomp 1.4.6 -> 1.4.7
714-  xkeyboard-config 2.39 -> 2.41
715-  xprop 1.2.6 -> 1.2.7
716-  xwayland 23.2.4 -> 23.2.5
717-  xz 5.4.4 -> 5.4.6
718-  zlib 1.3 -> 1.3.1
719
720
721Contributors to 5.0
722~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
723
724Thanks to the following people who contributed to this release:
725
726-  Adam Johnston
727-  Adithya Balakumar
728-  Adrian Freihofer
729-  Alassane Yattara
730-  Alejandro Hernandez Samaniego
731-  Aleksey Smirnov
732-  Alexander Kanavin
733-  Alexander Lussier-Cullen
734-  Alexander Sverdlin
735-  Alexandre Belloni
736-  Alexandre Truong
737-  Alex Bennée
738-  Alexis Lothoré
739-  Alex Kiernan
740-  Alex Stewart
741-  André Draszik
742-  Anibal Limon
743-  Anuj Mittal
744-  Archana Polampalli
745-  Arne Schwerdt
746-  Bartosz Golaszewski
747-  Baruch Siach
748-  Bastian Krause
749-  BELHADJ SALEM Talel
750-  BELOUARGA Mohamed
751-  Bruce Ashfield
752-  Changhyeok Bae
753-  Changqing Li
754-  Charlie Johnston
755-  Chen Qi
756-  Chi Xu
757-  Chris Laplante
758-  Christian Taedcke
759-  Christoph Vogtländer
760-  Claus Stovgaard
761-  Clay Chang
762-  Clément Péron
763-  Colin McAllister
764-  Corentin Guillevic
765-  Daniel Ammann
766-  david d zuhn
767-  David Reyna
768-  Deepthi Hemraj
769-  Denys Dmytriyenko
770-  Derek Erdmann
771-  Desone Burns
772-  Dhairya Nagodra
773-  Dmitry Baryshkov
774-  Eero Aaltonen
775-  Eilís 'pidge' Ní Fhlannagáin
776-  Emil Kronborg
777-  Enguerrand de Ribaucourt
778-  Enrico Jörns
779-  Enrico Scholz
780-  Etienne Cordonnier
781-  Fabien Mahot
782-  Fabio Estevam
783-  Fahad Arslan
784-  Felix Moessbauer
785-  Florian Wickert
786-  Geoff Parker
787-  Glenn Strauss
788-  Harish Sadineni
789-  Hongxu Jia
790-  Ilya A. Kriveshko
791-  Jamin Lin
792-  Jan Vermaete
793-  Jason Andryuk
794-  Javier Tia
795-  Jeremy A. Puhlman
796-  Jérémy Rosen
797-  Jermain Horsman
798-  Jiang Kai
799-  Joakim Tjernlund
800-  Joao Marcos Costa
801-  Joe Slater
802-  Johan Bezem
803-  Johannes Schneider
804-  Jonathan GUILLOT
805-  Jon Mason
806-  Jörg Sommer
807-  Jose Quaresma
808-  Joshua Watt
809-  Julien Stephan
810-  Justin Bronder
811-  Kai Kang
812-  Kareem Zarka
813-  Kevin Hao
814-  Khem Raj
815-  Konrad Weihmann
816-  Lee Chee Yang
817-  Lei Maohui
818-  lixiaoyong
819-  Logan Gunthorpe
820-  Luca Ceresoli
821-  luca fancellu
822-  Lucas Stach
823-  Ludovic Jozeau
824-  Lukas Funke
825-  Maanya Goenka
826-  Malte Schmidt
827-  Marcel Ziswiler
828-  Marco Felsch
829-  Marcus Folkesson
830-  Marek Vasut
831-  Mark Asselstine
832-  Mark Hatle
833-  Markus Fuchs
834-  Markus Volk
835-  Marlon Rodriguez Garcia
836-  Marta Rybczynska
837-  Martin Hundebøll
838-  Martin Jansa
839-  Massimiliano Minella
840-  Maxin B. John
841-  Max Krummenacher
842-  Meenali Gupta
843-  Michael Halstead
844-  Michael Opdenacker
845-  Michal Sieron
846-  Mikko Rapeli
847-  Ming Liu
848-  Mingli Yu
849-  Munehisa Kamata
850-  Nick Owens
851-  Niko Mauno
852-  Ola x Nilsson
853-  Oleh Matiusha
854-  Patrick Williams
855-  Paul Barker
856-  Paul Eggleton
857-  Paul Gortmaker
858-  Pavel Zhukov
859-  Peter A. Bigot
860-  Peter Kjellerstedt
861-  Peter Marko
862-  Petr Vorel
863-  Philip Balister
864-  Philip Lorenz
865-  Philippe Rivest
866-  Piotr Łobacz
867-  Priyal Doshi
868-  Quentin Schulz
869-  Ragesh Nair
870-  Randolph Sapp
871-  Randy MacLeod
872-  Rasmus Villemoes
873-  Renat Khalikov
874-  Richard Haar
875-  Richard Purdie
876-  Robert Berger
877-  Robert Joslyn
878-  Robert P. J. Day
879-  Robert Yang
880-  Rodrigo M. Duarte
881-  Ross Burton
882-  Rouven Czerwinski
883-  Ryan Eatmon
884-  Sam Van Den Berge
885-  Saul Wold
886-  Sava Jakovljev
887-  Sean Nyekjaer
888-  Sergei Zhmylev
889-  Shinji Matsunaga
890-  Shubham Kulkarni
891-  Simone Weiß
892-  Siong W.LIM
893-  Soumya Sambu
894-  Sourav Kumar Pramanik
895-  Stefan Herbrechtsmeier
896-  Stéphane Veyret
897-  Steve Sakoman
898-  Sundeep KOKKONDA
899-  Thomas Perrot
900-  Thomas Wolber
901-  Timon Bergelt
902-  Tim Orling
903-  Timotheus Giuliani
904-  Tobias Hagelborn
905-  Tom Hochstein
906-  Tom Rini
907-  Toni Lammi
908-  Trevor Gamblin
909-  Trevor Woerner
910-  Ulrich Ölmann
911-  Valek Andrej
912-  venkata pyla
913-  Victor Kamensky
914-  Vijay Anusuri
915-  Vikas Katariya
916-  Vincent Davis Jr
917-  Viswanath Kraleti
918-  Vyacheslav Yurkov
919-  Wang Mingyu
920-  William A. Kennington III
921-  William Hauser
922-  William Lyu
923-  Xiangyu Chen
924-  Xiaotian Wu
925-  Yang Xu
926-  Yannick Rodriguez
927-  Yash Shinde
928-  Yi Zhao
929-  Yoann Congal
930-  Yogesh Tyagi
931-  Yogita Urade
932-  Zahir Hussain
933-  Zang Ruochen
934-  Zoltan Boszormenyi
935
936Repositories / Downloads for Yocto-5.0
937~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
938
939poky
940
941-  Repository Location: :yocto_git:`/poky`
942-  Branch: :yocto_git:`scarthgap </poky/log/?h=scarthgap>`
943-  Tag:  :yocto_git:`yocto-5.0 </poky/log/?h=yocto-5.0>`
944-  Git Revision: :yocto_git:`fb91a49387cfb0c8d48303bb3354325ba2a05587 </poky/commit/?id=fb91a49387cfb0c8d48303bb3354325ba2a05587>`
945-  Release Artefact: poky-fb91a49387cfb0c8d48303bb3354325ba2a05587
946-  sha: 8a0dff4b677b9414ab814ed35d1880196123732ea16ab2fafa388bcc509b32ab
947-  Download Locations:
948   http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/releases/yocto/yocto-5.0/poky-fb91a49387cfb0c8d48303bb3354325ba2a05587.tar.bz2
949   http://mirrors.kernel.org/yocto/yocto/yocto-5.0/poky-fb91a49387cfb0c8d48303bb3354325ba2a05587.tar.bz2
950
951openembedded-core
952
953-  Repository Location: :oe_git:`/openembedded-core`
954-  Branch: :oe_git:`scarthgap </openembedded-core/log/?h=scarthgap>`
955-  Tag:  :oe_git:`yocto-5.0 </openembedded-core/log/?h=yocto-5.0>`
956-  Git Revision: :oe_git:`b65b4e5a8e4473d8ca43835ba17bc8bd4bdca277 </openembedded-core/commit/?id=b65b4e5a8e4473d8ca43835ba17bc8bd4bdca277>`
957-  Release Artefact: oecore-b65b4e5a8e4473d8ca43835ba17bc8bd4bdca277
958-  sha: c7fd05d1a00c70acba2540e60dce01a1bdc4701ebff9a808784960240c69261d
959-  Download Locations:
960   http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/releases/yocto/yocto-5.0/oecore-b65b4e5a8e4473d8ca43835ba17bc8bd4bdca277.tar.bz2
961   http://mirrors.kernel.org/yocto/yocto/yocto-5.0/oecore-b65b4e5a8e4473d8ca43835ba17bc8bd4bdca277.tar.bz2
962
963meta-mingw
964
965-  Repository Location: :yocto_git:`/meta-mingw`
966-  Branch: :yocto_git:`scarthgap </meta-mingw/log/?h=scarthgap>`
967-  Tag:  :yocto_git:`yocto-5.0 </meta-mingw/log/?h=yocto-5.0>`
968-  Git Revision: :yocto_git:`acbba477893ef87388effc4679b7f40ee49fc852 </meta-mingw/commit/?id=acbba477893ef87388effc4679b7f40ee49fc852>`
969-  Release Artefact: meta-mingw-acbba477893ef87388effc4679b7f40ee49fc852
970-  sha: 3b7c2f475dad5130bace652b150367f587d44b391218b1364a8bbc430b48c54c
971-  Download Locations:
972   http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/releases/yocto/yocto-5.0/meta-mingw-acbba477893ef87388effc4679b7f40ee49fc852.tar.bz2
973   http://mirrors.kernel.org/yocto/yocto/yocto-5.0/meta-mingw-acbba477893ef87388effc4679b7f40ee49fc852.tar.bz2
974
975bitbake
976
977-  Repository Location: :oe_git:`/bitbake`
978-  Branch: :oe_git:`2.8 </bitbake/log/?h=2.8>`
979-  Tag:  :oe_git:`yocto-5.0 </bitbake/log/?h=yocto-5.0>`
980-  Git Revision: :oe_git:`c86466d51e8ff14e57a734c1eec5bb651fdc73ef </bitbake/commit/?id=c86466d51e8ff14e57a734c1eec5bb651fdc73ef>`
981-  Release Artefact: bitbake-c86466d51e8ff14e57a734c1eec5bb651fdc73ef
982-  sha: 45c91294c1fa5a0044f1bb72a9bb69456bb458747114115af85c7664bf672d48
983-  Download Locations:
984   http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/releases/yocto/yocto-5.0/bitbake-c86466d51e8ff14e57a734c1eec5bb651fdc73ef.tar.bz2
985   http://mirrors.kernel.org/yocto/yocto/yocto-5.0/bitbake-c86466d51e8ff14e57a734c1eec5bb651fdc73ef.tar.bz2
986
987yocto-docs
988
989-  Repository Location: :yocto_git:`/yocto-docs`
990-  Branch: :yocto_git:`scarthgap </yocto-docs/log/?h=scarthgap>`
991-  Tag: :yocto_git:`yocto-5.0 </yocto-docs/log/?h=yocto-5.0>`
992-  Git Revision: :yocto_git:`0cdc0afd3332459d30cfc8f4c2e62bdcc23f5ed5 </yocto-docs/commit/?id=0cdc0afd3332459d30cfc8f4c2e62bdcc23f5ed5>`
993
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