1# ex:ts=4:sw=4:sts=4:et 2# -*- tab-width: 4; c-basic-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- 3""" 4BitBake 'Event' implementation 5 6Classes and functions for manipulating 'events' in the 7BitBake build tools. 8""" 9 10# Copyright (C) 2003, 2004 Chris Larson 11# 12# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 13# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as 14# published by the Free Software Foundation. 15# 16# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 17# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 18# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 19# GNU General Public License for more details. 20# 21# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along 22# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 23# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 24 25import os, sys 26import warnings 27import pickle 28import logging 29import atexit 30import traceback 31import ast 32import threading 33 34import bb.utils 35import bb.compat 36import bb.exceptions 37 38# This is the pid for which we should generate the event. This is set when 39# the runqueue forks off. 40worker_pid = 0 41worker_fire = None 42 43logger = logging.getLogger('BitBake.Event') 44 45class Event(object): 46 """Base class for events""" 47 48 def __init__(self): 49 self.pid = worker_pid 50 51 52class HeartbeatEvent(Event): 53 """Triggered at regular time intervals of 10 seconds. Other events can fire much more often 54 (runQueueTaskStarted when there are many short tasks) or not at all for long periods 55 of time (again runQueueTaskStarted, when there is just one long-running task), so this 56 event is more suitable for doing some task-independent work occassionally.""" 57 def __init__(self, time): 58 Event.__init__(self) 59 self.time = time 60 61Registered = 10 62AlreadyRegistered = 14 63 64def get_class_handlers(): 65 return _handlers 66 67def set_class_handlers(h): 68 global _handlers 69 _handlers = h 70 71def clean_class_handlers(): 72 return bb.compat.OrderedDict() 73 74# Internal 75_handlers = clean_class_handlers() 76_ui_handlers = {} 77_ui_logfilters = {} 78_ui_handler_seq = 0 79_event_handler_map = {} 80_catchall_handlers = {} 81_eventfilter = None 82_uiready = False 83_thread_lock = threading.Lock() 84_thread_lock_enabled = False 85 86if hasattr(__builtins__, '__setitem__'): 87 builtins = __builtins__ 88else: 89 builtins = __builtins__.__dict__ 90 91def enable_threadlock(): 92 global _thread_lock_enabled 93 _thread_lock_enabled = True 94 95def disable_threadlock(): 96 global _thread_lock_enabled 97 _thread_lock_enabled = False 98 99def execute_handler(name, handler, event, d): 100 event.data = d 101 addedd = False 102 if 'd' not in builtins: 103 builtins['d'] = d 104 addedd = True 105 try: 106 ret = handler(event) 107 except (bb.parse.SkipRecipe, bb.BBHandledException): 108 raise 109 except Exception: 110 etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info() 111 logger.error("Execution of event handler '%s' failed" % name, 112 exc_info=(etype, value, tb.tb_next)) 113 raise 114 except SystemExit as exc: 115 if exc.code != 0: 116 logger.error("Execution of event handler '%s' failed" % name) 117 raise 118 finally: 119 del event.data 120 if addedd: 121 del builtins['d'] 122 123def fire_class_handlers(event, d): 124 if isinstance(event, logging.LogRecord): 125 return 126 127 eid = str(event.__class__)[8:-2] 128 evt_hmap = _event_handler_map.get(eid, {}) 129 for name, handler in list(_handlers.items()): 130 if name in _catchall_handlers or name in evt_hmap: 131 if _eventfilter: 132 if not _eventfilter(name, handler, event, d): 133 continue 134 execute_handler(name, handler, event, d) 135 136ui_queue = [] 137@atexit.register 138def print_ui_queue(): 139 """If we're exiting before a UI has been spawned, display any queued 140 LogRecords to the console.""" 141 logger = logging.getLogger("BitBake") 142 if not _uiready: 143 from bb.msg import BBLogFormatter 144 # Flush any existing buffered content 145 sys.stdout.flush() 146 sys.stderr.flush() 147 stdout = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout) 148 stderr = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr) 149 formatter = BBLogFormatter("%(levelname)s: %(message)s") 150 stdout.setFormatter(formatter) 151 stderr.setFormatter(formatter) 152 153 # First check to see if we have any proper messages 154 msgprint = False 155 msgerrs = False 156 157 # Should we print to stderr? 158 for event in ui_queue[:]: 159 if isinstance(event, logging.LogRecord) and event.levelno >= logging.WARNING: 160 msgerrs = True 161 break 162 163 if msgerrs: 164 logger.addHandler(stderr) 165 else: 166 logger.addHandler(stdout) 167 168 for event in ui_queue[:]: 169 if isinstance(event, logging.LogRecord): 170 if event.levelno > logging.DEBUG: 171 logger.handle(event) 172 msgprint = True 173 174 # Nope, so just print all of the messages we have (including debug messages) 175 if not msgprint: 176 for event in ui_queue[:]: 177 if isinstance(event, logging.LogRecord): 178 logger.handle(event) 179 if msgerrs: 180 logger.removeHandler(stderr) 181 else: 182 logger.removeHandler(stdout) 183 184def fire_ui_handlers(event, d): 185 global _thread_lock 186 global _thread_lock_enabled 187 188 if not _uiready: 189 # No UI handlers registered yet, queue up the messages 190 ui_queue.append(event) 191 return 192 193 if _thread_lock_enabled: 194 _thread_lock.acquire() 195 196 errors = [] 197 for h in _ui_handlers: 198 #print "Sending event %s" % event 199 try: 200 if not _ui_logfilters[h].filter(event): 201 continue 202 # We use pickle here since it better handles object instances 203 # which xmlrpc's marshaller does not. Events *must* be serializable 204 # by pickle. 205 if hasattr(_ui_handlers[h].event, "sendpickle"): 206 _ui_handlers[h].event.sendpickle((pickle.dumps(event))) 207 else: 208 _ui_handlers[h].event.send(event) 209 except: 210 errors.append(h) 211 for h in errors: 212 del _ui_handlers[h] 213 214 if _thread_lock_enabled: 215 _thread_lock.release() 216 217def fire(event, d): 218 """Fire off an Event""" 219 220 # We can fire class handlers in the worker process context and this is 221 # desired so they get the task based datastore. 222 # UI handlers need to be fired in the server context so we defer this. They 223 # don't have a datastore so the datastore context isn't a problem. 224 225 fire_class_handlers(event, d) 226 if worker_fire: 227 worker_fire(event, d) 228 else: 229 # If messages have been queued up, clear the queue 230 global _uiready, ui_queue 231 if _uiready and ui_queue: 232 for queue_event in ui_queue: 233 fire_ui_handlers(queue_event, d) 234 ui_queue = [] 235 fire_ui_handlers(event, d) 236 237def fire_from_worker(event, d): 238 fire_ui_handlers(event, d) 239 240noop = lambda _: None 241def register(name, handler, mask=None, filename=None, lineno=None): 242 """Register an Event handler""" 243 244 # already registered 245 if name in _handlers: 246 return AlreadyRegistered 247 248 if handler is not None: 249 # handle string containing python code 250 if isinstance(handler, str): 251 tmp = "def %s(e):\n%s" % (name, handler) 252 try: 253 code = bb.methodpool.compile_cache(tmp) 254 if not code: 255 if filename is None: 256 filename = "%s(e)" % name 257 code = compile(tmp, filename, "exec", ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST) 258 if lineno is not None: 259 ast.increment_lineno(code, lineno-1) 260 code = compile(code, filename, "exec") 261 bb.methodpool.compile_cache_add(tmp, code) 262 except SyntaxError: 263 logger.error("Unable to register event handler '%s':\n%s", name, 264 ''.join(traceback.format_exc(limit=0))) 265 _handlers[name] = noop 266 return 267 env = {} 268 bb.utils.better_exec(code, env) 269 func = bb.utils.better_eval(name, env) 270 _handlers[name] = func 271 else: 272 _handlers[name] = handler 273 274 if not mask or '*' in mask: 275 _catchall_handlers[name] = True 276 else: 277 for m in mask: 278 if _event_handler_map.get(m, None) is None: 279 _event_handler_map[m] = {} 280 _event_handler_map[m][name] = True 281 282 return Registered 283 284def remove(name, handler): 285 """Remove an Event handler""" 286 _handlers.pop(name) 287 if name in _catchall_handlers: 288 _catchall_handlers.pop(name) 289 for event in _event_handler_map.keys(): 290 if name in _event_handler_map[event]: 291 _event_handler_map[event].pop(name) 292 293def get_handlers(): 294 return _handlers 295 296def set_handlers(handlers): 297 global _handlers 298 _handlers = handlers 299 300def set_eventfilter(func): 301 global _eventfilter 302 _eventfilter = func 303 304def register_UIHhandler(handler, mainui=False): 305 bb.event._ui_handler_seq = bb.event._ui_handler_seq + 1 306 _ui_handlers[_ui_handler_seq] = handler 307 level, debug_domains = bb.msg.constructLogOptions() 308 _ui_logfilters[_ui_handler_seq] = UIEventFilter(level, debug_domains) 309 if mainui: 310 global _uiready 311 _uiready = _ui_handler_seq 312 return _ui_handler_seq 313 314def unregister_UIHhandler(handlerNum, mainui=False): 315 if mainui: 316 global _uiready 317 _uiready = False 318 if handlerNum in _ui_handlers: 319 del _ui_handlers[handlerNum] 320 return 321 322def get_uihandler(): 323 if _uiready is False: 324 return None 325 return _uiready 326 327# Class to allow filtering of events and specific filtering of LogRecords *before* we put them over the IPC 328class UIEventFilter(object): 329 def __init__(self, level, debug_domains): 330 self.update(None, level, debug_domains) 331 332 def update(self, eventmask, level, debug_domains): 333 self.eventmask = eventmask 334 self.stdlevel = level 335 self.debug_domains = debug_domains 336 337 def filter(self, event): 338 if isinstance(event, logging.LogRecord): 339 if event.levelno >= self.stdlevel: 340 return True 341 if event.name in self.debug_domains and event.levelno >= self.debug_domains[event.name]: 342 return True 343 return False 344 eid = str(event.__class__)[8:-2] 345 if self.eventmask and eid not in self.eventmask: 346 return False 347 return True 348 349def set_UIHmask(handlerNum, level, debug_domains, mask): 350 if not handlerNum in _ui_handlers: 351 return False 352 if '*' in mask: 353 _ui_logfilters[handlerNum].update(None, level, debug_domains) 354 else: 355 _ui_logfilters[handlerNum].update(mask, level, debug_domains) 356 return True 357 358def getName(e): 359 """Returns the name of a class or class instance""" 360 if getattr(e, "__name__", None) == None: 361 return e.__class__.__name__ 362 else: 363 return e.__name__ 364 365class OperationStarted(Event): 366 """An operation has begun""" 367 def __init__(self, msg = "Operation Started"): 368 Event.__init__(self) 369 self.msg = msg 370 371class OperationCompleted(Event): 372 """An operation has completed""" 373 def __init__(self, total, msg = "Operation Completed"): 374 Event.__init__(self) 375 self.total = total 376 self.msg = msg 377 378class OperationProgress(Event): 379 """An operation is in progress""" 380 def __init__(self, current, total, msg = "Operation in Progress"): 381 Event.__init__(self) 382 self.current = current 383 self.total = total 384 self.msg = msg + ": %s/%s" % (current, total); 385 386class ConfigParsed(Event): 387 """Configuration Parsing Complete""" 388 389class MultiConfigParsed(Event): 390 """Multi-Config Parsing Complete""" 391 def __init__(self, mcdata): 392 self.mcdata = mcdata 393 Event.__init__(self) 394 395class RecipeEvent(Event): 396 def __init__(self, fn): 397 self.fn = fn 398 Event.__init__(self) 399 400class RecipePreFinalise(RecipeEvent): 401 """ Recipe Parsing Complete but not yet finalised""" 402 403class RecipeTaskPreProcess(RecipeEvent): 404 """ 405 Recipe Tasks about to be finalised 406 The list of tasks should be final at this point and handlers 407 are only able to change interdependencies 408 """ 409 def __init__(self, fn, tasklist): 410 self.fn = fn 411 self.tasklist = tasklist 412 Event.__init__(self) 413 414class RecipeParsed(RecipeEvent): 415 """ Recipe Parsing Complete """ 416 417class StampUpdate(Event): 418 """Trigger for any adjustment of the stamp files to happen""" 419 420 def __init__(self, targets, stampfns): 421 self._targets = targets 422 self._stampfns = stampfns 423 Event.__init__(self) 424 425 def getStampPrefix(self): 426 return self._stampfns 427 428 def getTargets(self): 429 return self._targets 430 431 stampPrefix = property(getStampPrefix) 432 targets = property(getTargets) 433 434class BuildBase(Event): 435 """Base class for bitbake build events""" 436 437 def __init__(self, n, p, failures = 0): 438 self._name = n 439 self._pkgs = p 440 Event.__init__(self) 441 self._failures = failures 442 443 def getPkgs(self): 444 return self._pkgs 445 446 def setPkgs(self, pkgs): 447 self._pkgs = pkgs 448 449 def getName(self): 450 return self._name 451 452 def setName(self, name): 453 self._name = name 454 455 def getFailures(self): 456 """ 457 Return the number of failed packages 458 """ 459 return self._failures 460 461 pkgs = property(getPkgs, setPkgs, None, "pkgs property") 462 name = property(getName, setName, None, "name property") 463 464class BuildInit(BuildBase): 465 """buildFile or buildTargets was invoked""" 466 def __init__(self, p=[]): 467 name = None 468 BuildBase.__init__(self, name, p) 469 470class BuildStarted(BuildBase, OperationStarted): 471 """Event when builds start""" 472 def __init__(self, n, p, failures = 0): 473 OperationStarted.__init__(self, "Building Started") 474 BuildBase.__init__(self, n, p, failures) 475 476class BuildCompleted(BuildBase, OperationCompleted): 477 """Event when builds have completed""" 478 def __init__(self, total, n, p, failures=0, interrupted=0): 479 if not failures: 480 OperationCompleted.__init__(self, total, "Building Succeeded") 481 else: 482 OperationCompleted.__init__(self, total, "Building Failed") 483 self._interrupted = interrupted 484 BuildBase.__init__(self, n, p, failures) 485 486class DiskFull(Event): 487 """Disk full case build aborted""" 488 def __init__(self, dev, type, freespace, mountpoint): 489 Event.__init__(self) 490 self._dev = dev 491 self._type = type 492 self._free = freespace 493 self._mountpoint = mountpoint 494 495class DiskUsageSample: 496 def __init__(self, available_bytes, free_bytes, total_bytes): 497 # Number of bytes available to non-root processes. 498 self.available_bytes = available_bytes 499 # Number of bytes available to root processes. 500 self.free_bytes = free_bytes 501 # Total capacity of the volume. 502 self.total_bytes = total_bytes 503 504class MonitorDiskEvent(Event): 505 """If BB_DISKMON_DIRS is set, then this event gets triggered each time disk space is checked. 506 Provides information about devices that are getting monitored.""" 507 def __init__(self, disk_usage): 508 Event.__init__(self) 509 # hash of device root path -> DiskUsageSample 510 self.disk_usage = disk_usage 511 512class NoProvider(Event): 513 """No Provider for an Event""" 514 515 def __init__(self, item, runtime=False, dependees=None, reasons=None, close_matches=None): 516 Event.__init__(self) 517 self._item = item 518 self._runtime = runtime 519 self._dependees = dependees 520 self._reasons = reasons 521 self._close_matches = close_matches 522 523 def getItem(self): 524 return self._item 525 526 def isRuntime(self): 527 return self._runtime 528 529 def __str__(self): 530 msg = '' 531 if self._runtime: 532 r = "R" 533 else: 534 r = "" 535 536 extra = '' 537 if not self._reasons: 538 if self._close_matches: 539 extra = ". Close matches:\n %s" % '\n '.join(self._close_matches) 540 541 if self._dependees: 542 msg = "Nothing %sPROVIDES '%s' (but %s %sDEPENDS on or otherwise requires it)%s" % (r, self._item, ", ".join(self._dependees), r, extra) 543 else: 544 msg = "Nothing %sPROVIDES '%s'%s" % (r, self._item, extra) 545 if self._reasons: 546 for reason in self._reasons: 547 msg += '\n' + reason 548 return msg 549 550 551class MultipleProviders(Event): 552 """Multiple Providers""" 553 554 def __init__(self, item, candidates, runtime = False): 555 Event.__init__(self) 556 self._item = item 557 self._candidates = candidates 558 self._is_runtime = runtime 559 560 def isRuntime(self): 561 """ 562 Is this a runtime issue? 563 """ 564 return self._is_runtime 565 566 def getItem(self): 567 """ 568 The name for the to be build item 569 """ 570 return self._item 571 572 def getCandidates(self): 573 """ 574 Get the possible Candidates for a PROVIDER. 575 """ 576 return self._candidates 577 578 def __str__(self): 579 msg = "Multiple providers are available for %s%s (%s)" % (self._is_runtime and "runtime " or "", 580 self._item, 581 ", ".join(self._candidates)) 582 rtime = "" 583 if self._is_runtime: 584 rtime = "R" 585 msg += "\nConsider defining a PREFERRED_%sPROVIDER entry to match %s" % (rtime, self._item) 586 return msg 587 588class ParseStarted(OperationStarted): 589 """Recipe parsing for the runqueue has begun""" 590 def __init__(self, total): 591 OperationStarted.__init__(self, "Recipe parsing Started") 592 self.total = total 593 594class ParseCompleted(OperationCompleted): 595 """Recipe parsing for the runqueue has completed""" 596 def __init__(self, cached, parsed, skipped, masked, virtuals, errors, total): 597 OperationCompleted.__init__(self, total, "Recipe parsing Completed") 598 self.cached = cached 599 self.parsed = parsed 600 self.skipped = skipped 601 self.virtuals = virtuals 602 self.masked = masked 603 self.errors = errors 604 self.sofar = cached + parsed 605 606class ParseProgress(OperationProgress): 607 """Recipe parsing progress""" 608 def __init__(self, current, total): 609 OperationProgress.__init__(self, current, total, "Recipe parsing") 610 611 612class CacheLoadStarted(OperationStarted): 613 """Loading of the dependency cache has begun""" 614 def __init__(self, total): 615 OperationStarted.__init__(self, "Loading cache Started") 616 self.total = total 617 618class CacheLoadProgress(OperationProgress): 619 """Cache loading progress""" 620 def __init__(self, current, total): 621 OperationProgress.__init__(self, current, total, "Loading cache") 622 623class CacheLoadCompleted(OperationCompleted): 624 """Cache loading is complete""" 625 def __init__(self, total, num_entries): 626 OperationCompleted.__init__(self, total, "Loading cache Completed") 627 self.num_entries = num_entries 628 629class TreeDataPreparationStarted(OperationStarted): 630 """Tree data preparation started""" 631 def __init__(self): 632 OperationStarted.__init__(self, "Preparing tree data Started") 633 634class TreeDataPreparationProgress(OperationProgress): 635 """Tree data preparation is in progress""" 636 def __init__(self, current, total): 637 OperationProgress.__init__(self, current, total, "Preparing tree data") 638 639class TreeDataPreparationCompleted(OperationCompleted): 640 """Tree data preparation completed""" 641 def __init__(self, total): 642 OperationCompleted.__init__(self, total, "Preparing tree data Completed") 643 644class DepTreeGenerated(Event): 645 """ 646 Event when a dependency tree has been generated 647 """ 648 649 def __init__(self, depgraph): 650 Event.__init__(self) 651 self._depgraph = depgraph 652 653class TargetsTreeGenerated(Event): 654 """ 655 Event when a set of buildable targets has been generated 656 """ 657 def __init__(self, model): 658 Event.__init__(self) 659 self._model = model 660 661class ReachableStamps(Event): 662 """ 663 An event listing all stamps reachable after parsing 664 which the metadata may use to clean up stale data 665 """ 666 667 def __init__(self, stamps): 668 Event.__init__(self) 669 self.stamps = stamps 670 671class FilesMatchingFound(Event): 672 """ 673 Event when a list of files matching the supplied pattern has 674 been generated 675 """ 676 def __init__(self, pattern, matches): 677 Event.__init__(self) 678 self._pattern = pattern 679 self._matches = matches 680 681class ConfigFilesFound(Event): 682 """ 683 Event when a list of appropriate config files has been generated 684 """ 685 def __init__(self, variable, values): 686 Event.__init__(self) 687 self._variable = variable 688 self._values = values 689 690class ConfigFilePathFound(Event): 691 """ 692 Event when a path for a config file has been found 693 """ 694 def __init__(self, path): 695 Event.__init__(self) 696 self._path = path 697 698class MsgBase(Event): 699 """Base class for messages""" 700 701 def __init__(self, msg): 702 self._message = msg 703 Event.__init__(self) 704 705class MsgDebug(MsgBase): 706 """Debug Message""" 707 708class MsgNote(MsgBase): 709 """Note Message""" 710 711class MsgWarn(MsgBase): 712 """Warning Message""" 713 714class MsgError(MsgBase): 715 """Error Message""" 716 717class MsgFatal(MsgBase): 718 """Fatal Message""" 719 720class MsgPlain(MsgBase): 721 """General output""" 722 723class LogExecTTY(Event): 724 """Send event containing program to spawn on tty of the logger""" 725 def __init__(self, msg, prog, sleep_delay, retries): 726 Event.__init__(self) 727 self.msg = msg 728 self.prog = prog 729 self.sleep_delay = sleep_delay 730 self.retries = retries 731 732class LogHandler(logging.Handler): 733 """Dispatch logging messages as bitbake events""" 734 735 def emit(self, record): 736 if record.exc_info: 737 etype, value, tb = record.exc_info 738 if hasattr(tb, 'tb_next'): 739 tb = list(bb.exceptions.extract_traceback(tb, context=3)) 740 # Need to turn the value into something the logging system can pickle 741 record.bb_exc_info = (etype, value, tb) 742 record.bb_exc_formatted = bb.exceptions.format_exception(etype, value, tb, limit=5) 743 value = str(value) 744 record.exc_info = None 745 fire(record, None) 746 747 def filter(self, record): 748 record.taskpid = worker_pid 749 return True 750 751class MetadataEvent(Event): 752 """ 753 Generic event that target for OE-Core classes 754 to report information during asynchrous execution 755 """ 756 def __init__(self, eventtype, eventdata): 757 Event.__init__(self) 758 self.type = eventtype 759 self._localdata = eventdata 760 761class ProcessStarted(Event): 762 """ 763 Generic process started event (usually part of the initial startup) 764 where further progress events will be delivered 765 """ 766 def __init__(self, processname, total): 767 Event.__init__(self) 768 self.processname = processname 769 self.total = total 770 771class ProcessProgress(Event): 772 """ 773 Generic process progress event (usually part of the initial startup) 774 """ 775 def __init__(self, processname, progress): 776 Event.__init__(self) 777 self.processname = processname 778 self.progress = progress 779 780class ProcessFinished(Event): 781 """ 782 Generic process finished event (usually part of the initial startup) 783 """ 784 def __init__(self, processname): 785 Event.__init__(self) 786 self.processname = processname 787 788class SanityCheck(Event): 789 """ 790 Event to run sanity checks, either raise errors or generate events as return status. 791 """ 792 def __init__(self, generateevents = True): 793 Event.__init__(self) 794 self.generateevents = generateevents 795 796class SanityCheckPassed(Event): 797 """ 798 Event to indicate sanity check has passed 799 """ 800 801class SanityCheckFailed(Event): 802 """ 803 Event to indicate sanity check has failed 804 """ 805 def __init__(self, msg, network_error=False): 806 Event.__init__(self) 807 self._msg = msg 808 self._network_error = network_error 809 810class NetworkTest(Event): 811 """ 812 Event to run network connectivity tests, either raise errors or generate events as return status. 813 """ 814 def __init__(self, generateevents = True): 815 Event.__init__(self) 816 self.generateevents = generateevents 817 818class NetworkTestPassed(Event): 819 """ 820 Event to indicate network test has passed 821 """ 822 823class NetworkTestFailed(Event): 824 """ 825 Event to indicate network test has failed 826 """ 827 828class FindSigInfoResult(Event): 829 """ 830 Event to return results from findSigInfo command 831 """ 832 def __init__(self, result): 833 Event.__init__(self) 834 self.result = result 835