xref: /openbmc/linux/tools/virtio/vringh_test.c (revision f35e839a)
1 /* Simple test of virtio code, entirely in userpsace. */
2 #define _GNU_SOURCE
3 #include <sched.h>
4 #include <err.h>
5 #include <linux/kernel.h>
6 #include <linux/err.h>
7 #include <linux/virtio.h>
8 #include <linux/vringh.h>
9 #include <linux/virtio_ring.h>
10 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
11 #include <sys/types.h>
12 #include <sys/stat.h>
13 #include <sys/mman.h>
14 #include <sys/wait.h>
15 #include <fcntl.h>
16 
17 #define USER_MEM (1024*1024)
18 void *__user_addr_min, *__user_addr_max;
19 void *__kmalloc_fake, *__kfree_ignore_start, *__kfree_ignore_end;
20 static u64 user_addr_offset;
21 
22 #define RINGSIZE 256
23 #define ALIGN 4096
24 
25 static void never_notify_host(struct virtqueue *vq)
26 {
27 	abort();
28 }
29 
30 static void never_callback_guest(struct virtqueue *vq)
31 {
32 	abort();
33 }
34 
35 static bool getrange_iov(struct vringh *vrh, u64 addr, struct vringh_range *r)
36 {
37 	if (addr < (u64)(unsigned long)__user_addr_min - user_addr_offset)
38 		return false;
39 	if (addr >= (u64)(unsigned long)__user_addr_max - user_addr_offset)
40 		return false;
41 
42 	r->start = (u64)(unsigned long)__user_addr_min - user_addr_offset;
43 	r->end_incl = (u64)(unsigned long)__user_addr_max - 1 - user_addr_offset;
44 	r->offset = user_addr_offset;
45 	return true;
46 }
47 
48 /* We return single byte ranges. */
49 static bool getrange_slow(struct vringh *vrh, u64 addr, struct vringh_range *r)
50 {
51 	if (addr < (u64)(unsigned long)__user_addr_min - user_addr_offset)
52 		return false;
53 	if (addr >= (u64)(unsigned long)__user_addr_max - user_addr_offset)
54 		return false;
55 
56 	r->start = addr;
57 	r->end_incl = r->start;
58 	r->offset = user_addr_offset;
59 	return true;
60 }
61 
62 struct guest_virtio_device {
63 	struct virtio_device vdev;
64 	int to_host_fd;
65 	unsigned long notifies;
66 };
67 
68 static void parallel_notify_host(struct virtqueue *vq)
69 {
70 	struct guest_virtio_device *gvdev;
71 
72 	gvdev = container_of(vq->vdev, struct guest_virtio_device, vdev);
73 	write(gvdev->to_host_fd, "", 1);
74 	gvdev->notifies++;
75 }
76 
77 static void no_notify_host(struct virtqueue *vq)
78 {
79 }
80 
81 #define NUM_XFERS (10000000)
82 
83 /* We aim for two "distant" cpus. */
84 static void find_cpus(unsigned int *first, unsigned int *last)
85 {
86 	unsigned int i;
87 
88 	*first = -1U;
89 	*last = 0;
90 	for (i = 0; i < 4096; i++) {
91 		cpu_set_t set;
92 		CPU_ZERO(&set);
93 		CPU_SET(i, &set);
94 		if (sched_setaffinity(getpid(), sizeof(set), &set) == 0) {
95 			if (i < *first)
96 				*first = i;
97 			if (i > *last)
98 				*last = i;
99 		}
100 	}
101 }
102 
103 /* Opencoded version for fast mode */
104 static inline int vringh_get_head(struct vringh *vrh, u16 *head)
105 {
106 	u16 avail_idx, i;
107 	int err;
108 
109 	err = get_user(avail_idx, &vrh->vring.avail->idx);
110 	if (err)
111 		return err;
112 
113 	if (vrh->last_avail_idx == avail_idx)
114 		return 0;
115 
116 	/* Only get avail ring entries after they have been exposed by guest. */
117 	virtio_rmb(vrh->weak_barriers);
118 
119 	i = vrh->last_avail_idx & (vrh->vring.num - 1);
120 
121 	err = get_user(*head, &vrh->vring.avail->ring[i]);
122 	if (err)
123 		return err;
124 
125 	vrh->last_avail_idx++;
126 	return 1;
127 }
128 
129 static int parallel_test(unsigned long features,
130 			 bool (*getrange)(struct vringh *vrh,
131 					  u64 addr, struct vringh_range *r),
132 			 bool fast_vringh)
133 {
134 	void *host_map, *guest_map;
135 	int fd, mapsize, to_guest[2], to_host[2];
136 	unsigned long xfers = 0, notifies = 0, receives = 0;
137 	unsigned int first_cpu, last_cpu;
138 	cpu_set_t cpu_set;
139 	char buf[128];
140 
141 	/* Create real file to mmap. */
142 	fd = open("/tmp/vringh_test-file", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0600);
143 	if (fd < 0)
144 		err(1, "Opening /tmp/vringh_test-file");
145 
146 	/* Extra room at the end for some data, and indirects */
147 	mapsize = vring_size(RINGSIZE, ALIGN)
148 		+ RINGSIZE * 2 * sizeof(int)
149 		+ RINGSIZE * 6 * sizeof(struct vring_desc);
150 	mapsize = (mapsize + getpagesize() - 1) & ~(getpagesize() - 1);
151 	ftruncate(fd, mapsize);
152 
153 	/* Parent and child use separate addresses, to check our mapping logic! */
154 	host_map = mmap(NULL, mapsize, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
155 	guest_map = mmap(NULL, mapsize, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
156 
157 	pipe(to_guest);
158 	pipe(to_host);
159 
160 	CPU_ZERO(&cpu_set);
161 	find_cpus(&first_cpu, &last_cpu);
162 	printf("Using CPUS %u and %u\n", first_cpu, last_cpu);
163 	fflush(stdout);
164 
165 	if (fork() != 0) {
166 		struct vringh vrh;
167 		int status, err, rlen = 0;
168 		char rbuf[5];
169 
170 		/* We are the host: never access guest addresses! */
171 		munmap(guest_map, mapsize);
172 
173 		__user_addr_min = host_map;
174 		__user_addr_max = __user_addr_min + mapsize;
175 		user_addr_offset = host_map - guest_map;
176 		assert(user_addr_offset);
177 
178 		close(to_guest[0]);
179 		close(to_host[1]);
180 
181 		vring_init(&vrh.vring, RINGSIZE, host_map, ALIGN);
182 		vringh_init_user(&vrh, features, RINGSIZE, true,
183 				 vrh.vring.desc, vrh.vring.avail, vrh.vring.used);
184 		CPU_SET(first_cpu, &cpu_set);
185 		if (sched_setaffinity(getpid(), sizeof(cpu_set), &cpu_set))
186 			errx(1, "Could not set affinity to cpu %u", first_cpu);
187 
188 		while (xfers < NUM_XFERS) {
189 			struct iovec host_riov[2], host_wiov[2];
190 			struct vringh_iov riov, wiov;
191 			u16 head, written;
192 
193 			if (fast_vringh) {
194 				for (;;) {
195 					err = vringh_get_head(&vrh, &head);
196 					if (err != 0)
197 						break;
198 					err = vringh_need_notify_user(&vrh);
199 					if (err < 0)
200 						errx(1, "vringh_need_notify_user: %i",
201 						     err);
202 					if (err) {
203 						write(to_guest[1], "", 1);
204 						notifies++;
205 					}
206 				}
207 				if (err != 1)
208 					errx(1, "vringh_get_head");
209 				written = 0;
210 				goto complete;
211 			} else {
212 				vringh_iov_init(&riov,
213 						host_riov,
214 						ARRAY_SIZE(host_riov));
215 				vringh_iov_init(&wiov,
216 						host_wiov,
217 						ARRAY_SIZE(host_wiov));
218 
219 				err = vringh_getdesc_user(&vrh, &riov, &wiov,
220 							  getrange, &head);
221 			}
222 			if (err == 0) {
223 				err = vringh_need_notify_user(&vrh);
224 				if (err < 0)
225 					errx(1, "vringh_need_notify_user: %i",
226 					     err);
227 				if (err) {
228 					write(to_guest[1], "", 1);
229 					notifies++;
230 				}
231 
232 				if (!vringh_notify_enable_user(&vrh))
233 					continue;
234 
235 				/* Swallow all notifies at once. */
236 				if (read(to_host[0], buf, sizeof(buf)) < 1)
237 					break;
238 
239 				vringh_notify_disable_user(&vrh);
240 				receives++;
241 				continue;
242 			}
243 			if (err != 1)
244 				errx(1, "vringh_getdesc_user: %i", err);
245 
246 			/* We simply copy bytes. */
247 			if (riov.used) {
248 				rlen = vringh_iov_pull_user(&riov, rbuf,
249 							    sizeof(rbuf));
250 				if (rlen != 4)
251 					errx(1, "vringh_iov_pull_user: %i",
252 					     rlen);
253 				assert(riov.i == riov.used);
254 				written = 0;
255 			} else {
256 				err = vringh_iov_push_user(&wiov, rbuf, rlen);
257 				if (err != rlen)
258 					errx(1, "vringh_iov_push_user: %i",
259 					     err);
260 				assert(wiov.i == wiov.used);
261 				written = err;
262 			}
263 		complete:
264 			xfers++;
265 
266 			err = vringh_complete_user(&vrh, head, written);
267 			if (err != 0)
268 				errx(1, "vringh_complete_user: %i", err);
269 		}
270 
271 		err = vringh_need_notify_user(&vrh);
272 		if (err < 0)
273 			errx(1, "vringh_need_notify_user: %i", err);
274 		if (err) {
275 			write(to_guest[1], "", 1);
276 			notifies++;
277 		}
278 		wait(&status);
279 		if (!WIFEXITED(status))
280 			errx(1, "Child died with signal %i?", WTERMSIG(status));
281 		if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0)
282 			errx(1, "Child exited %i?", WEXITSTATUS(status));
283 		printf("Host: notified %lu, pinged %lu\n", notifies, receives);
284 		return 0;
285 	} else {
286 		struct guest_virtio_device gvdev;
287 		struct virtqueue *vq;
288 		unsigned int *data;
289 		struct vring_desc *indirects;
290 		unsigned int finished = 0;
291 
292 		/* We pass sg[]s pointing into here, but we need RINGSIZE+1 */
293 		data = guest_map + vring_size(RINGSIZE, ALIGN);
294 		indirects = (void *)data + (RINGSIZE + 1) * 2 * sizeof(int);
295 
296 		/* We are the guest. */
297 		munmap(host_map, mapsize);
298 
299 		close(to_guest[1]);
300 		close(to_host[0]);
301 
302 		gvdev.vdev.features[0] = features;
303 		gvdev.to_host_fd = to_host[1];
304 		gvdev.notifies = 0;
305 
306 		CPU_SET(first_cpu, &cpu_set);
307 		if (sched_setaffinity(getpid(), sizeof(cpu_set), &cpu_set))
308 			err(1, "Could not set affinity to cpu %u", first_cpu);
309 
310 		vq = vring_new_virtqueue(0, RINGSIZE, ALIGN, &gvdev.vdev, true,
311 					 guest_map, fast_vringh ? no_notify_host
312 					 : parallel_notify_host,
313 					 never_callback_guest, "guest vq");
314 
315 		/* Don't kfree indirects. */
316 		__kfree_ignore_start = indirects;
317 		__kfree_ignore_end = indirects + RINGSIZE * 6;
318 
319 		while (xfers < NUM_XFERS) {
320 			struct scatterlist sg[4];
321 			unsigned int num_sg, len;
322 			int *dbuf, err;
323 			bool output = !(xfers % 2);
324 
325 			/* Consume bufs. */
326 			while ((dbuf = virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &len)) != NULL) {
327 				if (len == 4)
328 					assert(*dbuf == finished - 1);
329 				else if (!fast_vringh)
330 					assert(*dbuf == finished);
331 				finished++;
332 			}
333 
334 			/* Produce a buffer. */
335 			dbuf = data + (xfers % (RINGSIZE + 1));
336 
337 			if (output)
338 				*dbuf = xfers;
339 			else
340 				*dbuf = -1;
341 
342 			switch ((xfers / sizeof(*dbuf)) % 4) {
343 			case 0:
344 				/* Nasty three-element sg list. */
345 				sg_init_table(sg, num_sg = 3);
346 				sg_set_buf(&sg[0], (void *)dbuf, 1);
347 				sg_set_buf(&sg[1], (void *)dbuf + 1, 2);
348 				sg_set_buf(&sg[2], (void *)dbuf + 3, 1);
349 				break;
350 			case 1:
351 				sg_init_table(sg, num_sg = 2);
352 				sg_set_buf(&sg[0], (void *)dbuf, 1);
353 				sg_set_buf(&sg[1], (void *)dbuf + 1, 3);
354 				break;
355 			case 2:
356 				sg_init_table(sg, num_sg = 1);
357 				sg_set_buf(&sg[0], (void *)dbuf, 4);
358 				break;
359 			case 3:
360 				sg_init_table(sg, num_sg = 4);
361 				sg_set_buf(&sg[0], (void *)dbuf, 1);
362 				sg_set_buf(&sg[1], (void *)dbuf + 1, 1);
363 				sg_set_buf(&sg[2], (void *)dbuf + 2, 1);
364 				sg_set_buf(&sg[3], (void *)dbuf + 3, 1);
365 				break;
366 			}
367 
368 			/* May allocate an indirect, so force it to allocate
369 			 * user addr */
370 			__kmalloc_fake = indirects + (xfers % RINGSIZE) * 4;
371 			if (output)
372 				err = virtqueue_add_outbuf(vq, sg, num_sg, dbuf,
373 							   GFP_KERNEL);
374 			else
375 				err = virtqueue_add_inbuf(vq, sg, num_sg,
376 							  dbuf, GFP_KERNEL);
377 
378 			if (err == -ENOSPC) {
379 				if (!virtqueue_enable_cb_delayed(vq))
380 					continue;
381 				/* Swallow all notifies at once. */
382 				if (read(to_guest[0], buf, sizeof(buf)) < 1)
383 					break;
384 
385 				receives++;
386 				virtqueue_disable_cb(vq);
387 				continue;
388 			}
389 
390 			if (err)
391 				errx(1, "virtqueue_add_in/outbuf: %i", err);
392 
393 			xfers++;
394 			virtqueue_kick(vq);
395 		}
396 
397 		/* Any extra? */
398 		while (finished != xfers) {
399 			int *dbuf;
400 			unsigned int len;
401 
402 			/* Consume bufs. */
403 			dbuf = virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &len);
404 			if (dbuf) {
405 				if (len == 4)
406 					assert(*dbuf == finished - 1);
407 				else
408 					assert(len == 0);
409 				finished++;
410 				continue;
411 			}
412 
413 			if (!virtqueue_enable_cb_delayed(vq))
414 				continue;
415 			if (read(to_guest[0], buf, sizeof(buf)) < 1)
416 				break;
417 
418 			receives++;
419 			virtqueue_disable_cb(vq);
420 		}
421 
422 		printf("Guest: notified %lu, pinged %lu\n",
423 		       gvdev.notifies, receives);
424 		vring_del_virtqueue(vq);
425 		return 0;
426 	}
427 }
428 
429 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
430 {
431 	struct virtio_device vdev;
432 	struct virtqueue *vq;
433 	struct vringh vrh;
434 	struct scatterlist guest_sg[RINGSIZE], *sgs[2];
435 	struct iovec host_riov[2], host_wiov[2];
436 	struct vringh_iov riov, wiov;
437 	struct vring_used_elem used[RINGSIZE];
438 	char buf[28];
439 	u16 head;
440 	int err;
441 	unsigned i;
442 	void *ret;
443 	bool (*getrange)(struct vringh *vrh, u64 addr, struct vringh_range *r);
444 	bool fast_vringh = false, parallel = false;
445 
446 	getrange = getrange_iov;
447 	vdev.features[0] = 0;
448 
449 	while (argv[1]) {
450 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--indirect") == 0)
451 			vdev.features[0] |= (1 << VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC);
452 		else if (strcmp(argv[1], "--eventidx") == 0)
453 			vdev.features[0] |= (1 << VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX);
454 		else if (strcmp(argv[1], "--slow-range") == 0)
455 			getrange = getrange_slow;
456 		else if (strcmp(argv[1], "--fast-vringh") == 0)
457 			fast_vringh = true;
458 		else if (strcmp(argv[1], "--parallel") == 0)
459 			parallel = true;
460 		else
461 			errx(1, "Unknown arg %s", argv[1]);
462 		argv++;
463 	}
464 
465 	if (parallel)
466 		return parallel_test(vdev.features[0], getrange, fast_vringh);
467 
468 	if (posix_memalign(&__user_addr_min, PAGE_SIZE, USER_MEM) != 0)
469 		abort();
470 	__user_addr_max = __user_addr_min + USER_MEM;
471 	memset(__user_addr_min, 0, vring_size(RINGSIZE, ALIGN));
472 
473 	/* Set up guest side. */
474 	vq = vring_new_virtqueue(0, RINGSIZE, ALIGN, &vdev, true,
475 				 __user_addr_min,
476 				 never_notify_host, never_callback_guest,
477 				 "guest vq");
478 
479 	/* Set up host side. */
480 	vring_init(&vrh.vring, RINGSIZE, __user_addr_min, ALIGN);
481 	vringh_init_user(&vrh, vdev.features[0], RINGSIZE, true,
482 			 vrh.vring.desc, vrh.vring.avail, vrh.vring.used);
483 
484 	/* No descriptor to get yet... */
485 	err = vringh_getdesc_user(&vrh, &riov, &wiov, getrange, &head);
486 	if (err != 0)
487 		errx(1, "vringh_getdesc_user: %i", err);
488 
489 	/* Guest puts in a descriptor. */
490 	memcpy(__user_addr_max - 1, "a", 1);
491 	sg_init_table(guest_sg, 1);
492 	sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[0], __user_addr_max - 1, 1);
493 	sg_init_table(guest_sg+1, 1);
494 	sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[1], __user_addr_max - 3, 2);
495 	sgs[0] = &guest_sg[0];
496 	sgs[1] = &guest_sg[1];
497 
498 	/* May allocate an indirect, so force it to allocate user addr */
499 	__kmalloc_fake = __user_addr_min + vring_size(RINGSIZE, ALIGN);
500 	err = virtqueue_add_sgs(vq, sgs, 1, 1, &err, GFP_KERNEL);
501 	if (err)
502 		errx(1, "virtqueue_add_sgs: %i", err);
503 	__kmalloc_fake = NULL;
504 
505 	/* Host retreives it. */
506 	vringh_iov_init(&riov, host_riov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_riov));
507 	vringh_iov_init(&wiov, host_wiov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_wiov));
508 
509 	err = vringh_getdesc_user(&vrh, &riov, &wiov, getrange, &head);
510 	if (err != 1)
511 		errx(1, "vringh_getdesc_user: %i", err);
512 
513 	assert(riov.used == 1);
514 	assert(riov.iov[0].iov_base == __user_addr_max - 1);
515 	assert(riov.iov[0].iov_len == 1);
516 	if (getrange != getrange_slow) {
517 		assert(wiov.used == 1);
518 		assert(wiov.iov[0].iov_base == __user_addr_max - 3);
519 		assert(wiov.iov[0].iov_len == 2);
520 	} else {
521 		assert(wiov.used == 2);
522 		assert(wiov.iov[0].iov_base == __user_addr_max - 3);
523 		assert(wiov.iov[0].iov_len == 1);
524 		assert(wiov.iov[1].iov_base == __user_addr_max - 2);
525 		assert(wiov.iov[1].iov_len == 1);
526 	}
527 
528 	err = vringh_iov_pull_user(&riov, buf, 5);
529 	if (err != 1)
530 		errx(1, "vringh_iov_pull_user: %i", err);
531 	assert(buf[0] == 'a');
532 	assert(riov.i == 1);
533 	assert(vringh_iov_pull_user(&riov, buf, 5) == 0);
534 
535 	memcpy(buf, "bcdef", 5);
536 	err = vringh_iov_push_user(&wiov, buf, 5);
537 	if (err != 2)
538 		errx(1, "vringh_iov_push_user: %i", err);
539 	assert(memcmp(__user_addr_max - 3, "bc", 2) == 0);
540 	assert(wiov.i == wiov.used);
541 	assert(vringh_iov_push_user(&wiov, buf, 5) == 0);
542 
543 	/* Host is done. */
544 	err = vringh_complete_user(&vrh, head, err);
545 	if (err != 0)
546 		errx(1, "vringh_complete_user: %i", err);
547 
548 	/* Guest should see used token now. */
549 	__kfree_ignore_start = __user_addr_min + vring_size(RINGSIZE, ALIGN);
550 	__kfree_ignore_end = __kfree_ignore_start + 1;
551 	ret = virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &i);
552 	if (ret != &err)
553 		errx(1, "virtqueue_get_buf: %p", ret);
554 	assert(i == 2);
555 
556 	/* Guest puts in a huge descriptor. */
557 	sg_init_table(guest_sg, RINGSIZE);
558 	for (i = 0; i < RINGSIZE; i++) {
559 		sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[i],
560 			   __user_addr_max - USER_MEM/4, USER_MEM/4);
561 	}
562 
563 	/* Fill contents with recognisable garbage. */
564 	for (i = 0; i < USER_MEM/4; i++)
565 		((char *)__user_addr_max - USER_MEM/4)[i] = i;
566 
567 	/* This will allocate an indirect, so force it to allocate user addr */
568 	__kmalloc_fake = __user_addr_min + vring_size(RINGSIZE, ALIGN);
569 	err = virtqueue_add_outbuf(vq, guest_sg, RINGSIZE, &err, GFP_KERNEL);
570 	if (err)
571 		errx(1, "virtqueue_add_outbuf (large): %i", err);
572 	__kmalloc_fake = NULL;
573 
574 	/* Host picks it up (allocates new iov). */
575 	vringh_iov_init(&riov, host_riov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_riov));
576 	vringh_iov_init(&wiov, host_wiov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_wiov));
577 
578 	err = vringh_getdesc_user(&vrh, &riov, &wiov, getrange, &head);
579 	if (err != 1)
580 		errx(1, "vringh_getdesc_user: %i", err);
581 
582 	assert(riov.max_num & VRINGH_IOV_ALLOCATED);
583 	assert(riov.iov != host_riov);
584 	if (getrange != getrange_slow)
585 		assert(riov.used == RINGSIZE);
586 	else
587 		assert(riov.used == RINGSIZE * USER_MEM/4);
588 
589 	assert(!(wiov.max_num & VRINGH_IOV_ALLOCATED));
590 	assert(wiov.used == 0);
591 
592 	/* Pull data back out (in odd chunks), should be as expected. */
593 	for (i = 0; i < RINGSIZE * USER_MEM/4; i += 3) {
594 		err = vringh_iov_pull_user(&riov, buf, 3);
595 		if (err != 3 && i + err != RINGSIZE * USER_MEM/4)
596 			errx(1, "vringh_iov_pull_user large: %i", err);
597 		assert(buf[0] == (char)i);
598 		assert(err < 2 || buf[1] == (char)(i + 1));
599 		assert(err < 3 || buf[2] == (char)(i + 2));
600 	}
601 	assert(riov.i == riov.used);
602 	vringh_iov_cleanup(&riov);
603 	vringh_iov_cleanup(&wiov);
604 
605 	/* Complete using multi interface, just because we can. */
606 	used[0].id = head;
607 	used[0].len = 0;
608 	err = vringh_complete_multi_user(&vrh, used, 1);
609 	if (err)
610 		errx(1, "vringh_complete_multi_user(1): %i", err);
611 
612 	/* Free up those descriptors. */
613 	ret = virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &i);
614 	if (ret != &err)
615 		errx(1, "virtqueue_get_buf: %p", ret);
616 
617 	/* Add lots of descriptors. */
618 	sg_init_table(guest_sg, 1);
619 	sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[0], __user_addr_max - 1, 1);
620 	for (i = 0; i < RINGSIZE; i++) {
621 		err = virtqueue_add_outbuf(vq, guest_sg, 1, &err, GFP_KERNEL);
622 		if (err)
623 			errx(1, "virtqueue_add_outbuf (multiple): %i", err);
624 	}
625 
626 	/* Now get many, and consume them all at once. */
627 	vringh_iov_init(&riov, host_riov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_riov));
628 	vringh_iov_init(&wiov, host_wiov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_wiov));
629 
630 	for (i = 0; i < RINGSIZE; i++) {
631 		err = vringh_getdesc_user(&vrh, &riov, &wiov, getrange, &head);
632 		if (err != 1)
633 			errx(1, "vringh_getdesc_user: %i", err);
634 		used[i].id = head;
635 		used[i].len = 0;
636 	}
637 	/* Make sure it wraps around ring, to test! */
638 	assert(vrh.vring.used->idx % RINGSIZE != 0);
639 	err = vringh_complete_multi_user(&vrh, used, RINGSIZE);
640 	if (err)
641 		errx(1, "vringh_complete_multi_user: %i", err);
642 
643 	/* Free those buffers. */
644 	for (i = 0; i < RINGSIZE; i++) {
645 		unsigned len;
646 		assert(virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &len) != NULL);
647 	}
648 
649 	/* Test weird (but legal!) indirect. */
650 	if (vdev.features[0] & (1 << VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC)) {
651 		char *data = __user_addr_max - USER_MEM/4;
652 		struct vring_desc *d = __user_addr_max - USER_MEM/2;
653 		struct vring vring;
654 
655 		/* Force creation of direct, which we modify. */
656 		vdev.features[0] &= ~(1 << VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC);
657 		vq = vring_new_virtqueue(0, RINGSIZE, ALIGN, &vdev, true,
658 					 __user_addr_min,
659 					 never_notify_host,
660 					 never_callback_guest,
661 					 "guest vq");
662 
663 		sg_init_table(guest_sg, 4);
664 		sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[0], d, sizeof(*d)*2);
665 		sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[1], d + 2, sizeof(*d)*1);
666 		sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[2], data + 6, 4);
667 		sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[3], d + 3, sizeof(*d)*3);
668 
669 		err = virtqueue_add_outbuf(vq, guest_sg, 4, &err, GFP_KERNEL);
670 		if (err)
671 			errx(1, "virtqueue_add_outbuf (indirect): %i", err);
672 
673 		vring_init(&vring, RINGSIZE, __user_addr_min, ALIGN);
674 
675 		/* They're used in order, but double-check... */
676 		assert(vring.desc[0].addr == (unsigned long)d);
677 		assert(vring.desc[1].addr == (unsigned long)(d+2));
678 		assert(vring.desc[2].addr == (unsigned long)data + 6);
679 		assert(vring.desc[3].addr == (unsigned long)(d+3));
680 		vring.desc[0].flags |= VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT;
681 		vring.desc[1].flags |= VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT;
682 		vring.desc[3].flags |= VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT;
683 
684 		/* First indirect */
685 		d[0].addr = (unsigned long)data;
686 		d[0].len = 1;
687 		d[0].flags = VRING_DESC_F_NEXT;
688 		d[0].next = 1;
689 		d[1].addr = (unsigned long)data + 1;
690 		d[1].len = 2;
691 		d[1].flags = 0;
692 
693 		/* Second indirect */
694 		d[2].addr = (unsigned long)data + 3;
695 		d[2].len = 3;
696 		d[2].flags = 0;
697 
698 		/* Third indirect */
699 		d[3].addr = (unsigned long)data + 10;
700 		d[3].len = 5;
701 		d[3].flags = VRING_DESC_F_NEXT;
702 		d[3].next = 1;
703 		d[4].addr = (unsigned long)data + 15;
704 		d[4].len = 6;
705 		d[4].flags = VRING_DESC_F_NEXT;
706 		d[4].next = 2;
707 		d[5].addr = (unsigned long)data + 21;
708 		d[5].len = 7;
709 		d[5].flags = 0;
710 
711 		/* Host picks it up (allocates new iov). */
712 		vringh_iov_init(&riov, host_riov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_riov));
713 		vringh_iov_init(&wiov, host_wiov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_wiov));
714 
715 		err = vringh_getdesc_user(&vrh, &riov, &wiov, getrange, &head);
716 		if (err != 1)
717 			errx(1, "vringh_getdesc_user: %i", err);
718 
719 		if (head != 0)
720 			errx(1, "vringh_getdesc_user: head %i not 0", head);
721 
722 		assert(riov.max_num & VRINGH_IOV_ALLOCATED);
723 		if (getrange != getrange_slow)
724 			assert(riov.used == 7);
725 		else
726 			assert(riov.used == 28);
727 		err = vringh_iov_pull_user(&riov, buf, 29);
728 		assert(err == 28);
729 
730 		/* Data should be linear. */
731 		for (i = 0; i < err; i++)
732 			assert(buf[i] == i);
733 		vringh_iov_cleanup(&riov);
734 	}
735 
736 	/* Don't leak memory... */
737 	vring_del_virtqueue(vq);
738 	free(__user_addr_min);
739 
740 	return 0;
741 }
742