1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 /*
3  * memfd GUP test-case
4  * This tests memfd interactions with get_user_pages(). We require the
5  * fuse_mnt.c program to provide a fake direct-IO FUSE mount-point for us. This
6  * file-system delays _all_ reads by 1s and forces direct-IO. This means, any
7  * read() on files in that file-system will pin the receive-buffer pages for at
8  * least 1s via get_user_pages().
9  *
10  * We use this trick to race ADD_SEALS against a write on a memfd object. The
11  * ADD_SEALS must fail if the memfd pages are still pinned. Note that we use
12  * the read() syscall with our memory-mapped memfd object as receive buffer to
13  * force the kernel to write into our memfd object.
14  */
15 
16 #define _GNU_SOURCE
17 #define __EXPORTED_HEADERS__
18 
19 #include <errno.h>
20 #include <inttypes.h>
21 #include <limits.h>
22 #include <linux/falloc.h>
23 #include <linux/fcntl.h>
24 #include <linux/memfd.h>
25 #include <sched.h>
26 #include <stdio.h>
27 #include <stdlib.h>
28 #include <signal.h>
29 #include <string.h>
30 #include <sys/mman.h>
31 #include <sys/stat.h>
32 #include <sys/syscall.h>
33 #include <sys/wait.h>
34 #include <unistd.h>
35 
36 #define MFD_DEF_SIZE 8192
37 #define STACK_SIZE 65536
38 
39 static int sys_memfd_create(const char *name,
40 			    unsigned int flags)
41 {
42 	return syscall(__NR_memfd_create, name, flags);
43 }
44 
45 static int mfd_assert_new(const char *name, loff_t sz, unsigned int flags)
46 {
47 	int r, fd;
48 
49 	fd = sys_memfd_create(name, flags);
50 	if (fd < 0) {
51 		printf("memfd_create(\"%s\", %u) failed: %m\n",
52 		       name, flags);
53 		abort();
54 	}
55 
56 	r = ftruncate(fd, sz);
57 	if (r < 0) {
58 		printf("ftruncate(%llu) failed: %m\n", (unsigned long long)sz);
59 		abort();
60 	}
61 
62 	return fd;
63 }
64 
65 static __u64 mfd_assert_get_seals(int fd)
66 {
67 	long r;
68 
69 	r = fcntl(fd, F_GET_SEALS);
70 	if (r < 0) {
71 		printf("GET_SEALS(%d) failed: %m\n", fd);
72 		abort();
73 	}
74 
75 	return r;
76 }
77 
78 static void mfd_assert_has_seals(int fd, __u64 seals)
79 {
80 	__u64 s;
81 
82 	s = mfd_assert_get_seals(fd);
83 	if (s != seals) {
84 		printf("%llu != %llu = GET_SEALS(%d)\n",
85 		       (unsigned long long)seals, (unsigned long long)s, fd);
86 		abort();
87 	}
88 }
89 
90 static void mfd_assert_add_seals(int fd, __u64 seals)
91 {
92 	long r;
93 	__u64 s;
94 
95 	s = mfd_assert_get_seals(fd);
96 	r = fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals);
97 	if (r < 0) {
98 		printf("ADD_SEALS(%d, %llu -> %llu) failed: %m\n",
99 		       fd, (unsigned long long)s, (unsigned long long)seals);
100 		abort();
101 	}
102 }
103 
104 static int mfd_busy_add_seals(int fd, __u64 seals)
105 {
106 	long r;
107 	__u64 s;
108 
109 	r = fcntl(fd, F_GET_SEALS);
110 	if (r < 0)
111 		s = 0;
112 	else
113 		s = r;
114 
115 	r = fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals);
116 	if (r < 0 && errno != EBUSY) {
117 		printf("ADD_SEALS(%d, %llu -> %llu) didn't fail as expected with EBUSY: %m\n",
118 		       fd, (unsigned long long)s, (unsigned long long)seals);
119 		abort();
120 	}
121 
122 	return r;
123 }
124 
125 static void *mfd_assert_mmap_shared(int fd)
126 {
127 	void *p;
128 
129 	p = mmap(NULL,
130 		 MFD_DEF_SIZE,
131 		 PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
132 		 MAP_SHARED,
133 		 fd,
134 		 0);
135 	if (p == MAP_FAILED) {
136 		printf("mmap() failed: %m\n");
137 		abort();
138 	}
139 
140 	return p;
141 }
142 
143 static void *mfd_assert_mmap_private(int fd)
144 {
145 	void *p;
146 
147 	p = mmap(NULL,
148 		 MFD_DEF_SIZE,
149 		 PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
150 		 MAP_PRIVATE,
151 		 fd,
152 		 0);
153 	if (p == MAP_FAILED) {
154 		printf("mmap() failed: %m\n");
155 		abort();
156 	}
157 
158 	return p;
159 }
160 
161 static int global_mfd = -1;
162 static void *global_p = NULL;
163 
164 static int sealing_thread_fn(void *arg)
165 {
166 	int sig, r;
167 
168 	/*
169 	 * This thread first waits 200ms so any pending operation in the parent
170 	 * is correctly started. After that, it tries to seal @global_mfd as
171 	 * SEAL_WRITE. This _must_ fail as the parent thread has a read() into
172 	 * that memory mapped object still ongoing.
173 	 * We then wait one more second and try sealing again. This time it
174 	 * must succeed as there shouldn't be anyone else pinning the pages.
175 	 */
176 
177 	/* wait 200ms for FUSE-request to be active */
178 	usleep(200000);
179 
180 	/* unmount mapping before sealing to avoid i_mmap_writable failures */
181 	munmap(global_p, MFD_DEF_SIZE);
182 
183 	/* Try sealing the global file; expect EBUSY or success. Current
184 	 * kernels will never succeed, but in the future, kernels might
185 	 * implement page-replacements or other fancy ways to avoid racing
186 	 * writes. */
187 	r = mfd_busy_add_seals(global_mfd, F_SEAL_WRITE);
188 	if (r >= 0) {
189 		printf("HURRAY! This kernel fixed GUP races!\n");
190 	} else {
191 		/* wait 1s more so the FUSE-request is done */
192 		sleep(1);
193 
194 		/* try sealing the global file again */
195 		mfd_assert_add_seals(global_mfd, F_SEAL_WRITE);
196 	}
197 
198 	return 0;
199 }
200 
201 static pid_t spawn_sealing_thread(void)
202 {
203 	uint8_t *stack;
204 	pid_t pid;
205 
206 	stack = malloc(STACK_SIZE);
207 	if (!stack) {
208 		printf("malloc(STACK_SIZE) failed: %m\n");
209 		abort();
210 	}
211 
212 	pid = clone(sealing_thread_fn,
213 		    stack + STACK_SIZE,
214 		    SIGCHLD | CLONE_FILES | CLONE_FS | CLONE_VM,
215 		    NULL);
216 	if (pid < 0) {
217 		printf("clone() failed: %m\n");
218 		abort();
219 	}
220 
221 	return pid;
222 }
223 
224 static void join_sealing_thread(pid_t pid)
225 {
226 	waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
227 }
228 
229 int main(int argc, char **argv)
230 {
231 	static const char zero[MFD_DEF_SIZE];
232 	int fd, mfd, r;
233 	void *p;
234 	int was_sealed;
235 	pid_t pid;
236 
237 	if (argc < 2) {
238 		printf("error: please pass path to file in fuse_mnt mount-point\n");
239 		abort();
240 	}
241 
242 	/* open FUSE memfd file for GUP testing */
243 	printf("opening: %s\n", argv[1]);
244 	fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
245 	if (fd < 0) {
246 		printf("cannot open(\"%s\"): %m\n", argv[1]);
247 		abort();
248 	}
249 
250 	/* create new memfd-object */
251 	mfd = mfd_assert_new("kern_memfd_fuse",
252 			     MFD_DEF_SIZE,
253 			     MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);
254 
255 	/* mmap memfd-object for writing */
256 	p = mfd_assert_mmap_shared(mfd);
257 
258 	/* pass mfd+mapping to a separate sealing-thread which tries to seal
259 	 * the memfd objects with SEAL_WRITE while we write into it */
260 	global_mfd = mfd;
261 	global_p = p;
262 	pid = spawn_sealing_thread();
263 
264 	/* Use read() on the FUSE file to read into our memory-mapped memfd
265 	 * object. This races the other thread which tries to seal the
266 	 * memfd-object.
267 	 * If @fd is on the memfd-fake-FUSE-FS, the read() is delayed by 1s.
268 	 * This guarantees that the receive-buffer is pinned for 1s until the
269 	 * data is written into it. The racing ADD_SEALS should thus fail as
270 	 * the pages are still pinned. */
271 	r = read(fd, p, MFD_DEF_SIZE);
272 	if (r < 0) {
273 		printf("read() failed: %m\n");
274 		abort();
275 	} else if (!r) {
276 		printf("unexpected EOF on read()\n");
277 		abort();
278 	}
279 
280 	was_sealed = mfd_assert_get_seals(mfd) & F_SEAL_WRITE;
281 
282 	/* Wait for sealing-thread to finish and verify that it
283 	 * successfully sealed the file after the second try. */
284 	join_sealing_thread(pid);
285 	mfd_assert_has_seals(mfd, F_SEAL_WRITE);
286 
287 	/* *IF* the memfd-object was sealed at the time our read() returned,
288 	 * then the kernel did a page-replacement or canceled the read() (or
289 	 * whatever magic it did..). In that case, the memfd object is still
290 	 * all zero.
291 	 * In case the memfd-object was *not* sealed, the read() was successfull
292 	 * and the memfd object must *not* be all zero.
293 	 * Note that in real scenarios, there might be a mixture of both, but
294 	 * in this test-cases, we have explicit 200ms delays which should be
295 	 * enough to avoid any in-flight writes. */
296 
297 	p = mfd_assert_mmap_private(mfd);
298 	if (was_sealed && memcmp(p, zero, MFD_DEF_SIZE)) {
299 		printf("memfd sealed during read() but data not discarded\n");
300 		abort();
301 	} else if (!was_sealed && !memcmp(p, zero, MFD_DEF_SIZE)) {
302 		printf("memfd sealed after read() but data discarded\n");
303 		abort();
304 	}
305 
306 	close(mfd);
307 	close(fd);
308 
309 	printf("fuse: DONE\n");
310 
311 	return 0;
312 }
313