xref: /openbmc/linux/tools/perf/util/stat-shadow.c (revision 8dce88fe)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 #include <math.h>
3 #include <stdio.h>
4 #include "evsel.h"
5 #include "stat.h"
6 #include "color.h"
7 #include "debug.h"
8 #include "pmu.h"
9 #include "rblist.h"
10 #include "evlist.h"
11 #include "expr.h"
12 #include "metricgroup.h"
13 #include "cgroup.h"
14 #include "units.h"
15 #include <linux/zalloc.h>
16 #include "iostat.h"
17 
18 /*
19  * AGGR_GLOBAL: Use CPU 0
20  * AGGR_SOCKET: Use first CPU of socket
21  * AGGR_DIE: Use first CPU of die
22  * AGGR_CORE: Use first CPU of core
23  * AGGR_NONE: Use matching CPU
24  * AGGR_THREAD: Not supported?
25  */
26 
27 struct runtime_stat rt_stat;
28 struct stats walltime_nsecs_stats;
29 
30 struct saved_value {
31 	struct rb_node rb_node;
32 	struct evsel *evsel;
33 	enum stat_type type;
34 	int ctx;
35 	int cpu;
36 	struct cgroup *cgrp;
37 	struct runtime_stat *stat;
38 	struct stats stats;
39 	u64 metric_total;
40 	int metric_other;
41 };
42 
43 static int saved_value_cmp(struct rb_node *rb_node, const void *entry)
44 {
45 	struct saved_value *a = container_of(rb_node,
46 					     struct saved_value,
47 					     rb_node);
48 	const struct saved_value *b = entry;
49 
50 	if (a->cpu != b->cpu)
51 		return a->cpu - b->cpu;
52 
53 	/*
54 	 * Previously the rbtree was used to link generic metrics.
55 	 * The keys were evsel/cpu. Now the rbtree is extended to support
56 	 * per-thread shadow stats. For shadow stats case, the keys
57 	 * are cpu/type/ctx/stat (evsel is NULL). For generic metrics
58 	 * case, the keys are still evsel/cpu (type/ctx/stat are 0 or NULL).
59 	 */
60 	if (a->type != b->type)
61 		return a->type - b->type;
62 
63 	if (a->ctx != b->ctx)
64 		return a->ctx - b->ctx;
65 
66 	if (a->cgrp != b->cgrp)
67 		return (char *)a->cgrp < (char *)b->cgrp ? -1 : +1;
68 
69 	if (a->evsel == NULL && b->evsel == NULL) {
70 		if (a->stat == b->stat)
71 			return 0;
72 
73 		if ((char *)a->stat < (char *)b->stat)
74 			return -1;
75 
76 		return 1;
77 	}
78 
79 	if (a->evsel == b->evsel)
80 		return 0;
81 	if ((char *)a->evsel < (char *)b->evsel)
82 		return -1;
83 	return +1;
84 }
85 
86 static struct rb_node *saved_value_new(struct rblist *rblist __maybe_unused,
87 				     const void *entry)
88 {
89 	struct saved_value *nd = malloc(sizeof(struct saved_value));
90 
91 	if (!nd)
92 		return NULL;
93 	memcpy(nd, entry, sizeof(struct saved_value));
94 	return &nd->rb_node;
95 }
96 
97 static void saved_value_delete(struct rblist *rblist __maybe_unused,
98 			       struct rb_node *rb_node)
99 {
100 	struct saved_value *v;
101 
102 	BUG_ON(!rb_node);
103 	v = container_of(rb_node, struct saved_value, rb_node);
104 	free(v);
105 }
106 
107 static struct saved_value *saved_value_lookup(struct evsel *evsel,
108 					      int cpu,
109 					      bool create,
110 					      enum stat_type type,
111 					      int ctx,
112 					      struct runtime_stat *st,
113 					      struct cgroup *cgrp)
114 {
115 	struct rblist *rblist;
116 	struct rb_node *nd;
117 	struct saved_value dm = {
118 		.cpu = cpu,
119 		.evsel = evsel,
120 		.type = type,
121 		.ctx = ctx,
122 		.stat = st,
123 		.cgrp = cgrp,
124 	};
125 
126 	rblist = &st->value_list;
127 
128 	/* don't use context info for clock events */
129 	if (type == STAT_NSECS)
130 		dm.ctx = 0;
131 
132 	nd = rblist__find(rblist, &dm);
133 	if (nd)
134 		return container_of(nd, struct saved_value, rb_node);
135 	if (create) {
136 		rblist__add_node(rblist, &dm);
137 		nd = rblist__find(rblist, &dm);
138 		if (nd)
139 			return container_of(nd, struct saved_value, rb_node);
140 	}
141 	return NULL;
142 }
143 
144 void runtime_stat__init(struct runtime_stat *st)
145 {
146 	struct rblist *rblist = &st->value_list;
147 
148 	rblist__init(rblist);
149 	rblist->node_cmp = saved_value_cmp;
150 	rblist->node_new = saved_value_new;
151 	rblist->node_delete = saved_value_delete;
152 }
153 
154 void runtime_stat__exit(struct runtime_stat *st)
155 {
156 	rblist__exit(&st->value_list);
157 }
158 
159 void perf_stat__init_shadow_stats(void)
160 {
161 	runtime_stat__init(&rt_stat);
162 }
163 
164 static int evsel_context(struct evsel *evsel)
165 {
166 	int ctx = 0;
167 
168 	if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_kernel)
169 		ctx |= CTX_BIT_KERNEL;
170 	if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_user)
171 		ctx |= CTX_BIT_USER;
172 	if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_hv)
173 		ctx |= CTX_BIT_HV;
174 	if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_host)
175 		ctx |= CTX_BIT_HOST;
176 	if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_idle)
177 		ctx |= CTX_BIT_IDLE;
178 
179 	return ctx;
180 }
181 
182 static void reset_stat(struct runtime_stat *st)
183 {
184 	struct rblist *rblist;
185 	struct rb_node *pos, *next;
186 
187 	rblist = &st->value_list;
188 	next = rb_first_cached(&rblist->entries);
189 	while (next) {
190 		pos = next;
191 		next = rb_next(pos);
192 		memset(&container_of(pos, struct saved_value, rb_node)->stats,
193 		       0,
194 		       sizeof(struct stats));
195 	}
196 }
197 
198 void perf_stat__reset_shadow_stats(void)
199 {
200 	reset_stat(&rt_stat);
201 	memset(&walltime_nsecs_stats, 0, sizeof(walltime_nsecs_stats));
202 }
203 
204 void perf_stat__reset_shadow_per_stat(struct runtime_stat *st)
205 {
206 	reset_stat(st);
207 }
208 
209 struct runtime_stat_data {
210 	int ctx;
211 	struct cgroup *cgrp;
212 };
213 
214 static void update_runtime_stat(struct runtime_stat *st,
215 				enum stat_type type,
216 				int cpu, u64 count,
217 				struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
218 {
219 	struct saved_value *v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, true, type,
220 						   rsd->ctx, st, rsd->cgrp);
221 
222 	if (v)
223 		update_stats(&v->stats, count);
224 }
225 
226 /*
227  * Update various tracking values we maintain to print
228  * more semantic information such as miss/hit ratios,
229  * instruction rates, etc:
230  */
231 void perf_stat__update_shadow_stats(struct evsel *counter, u64 count,
232 				    int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
233 {
234 	u64 count_ns = count;
235 	struct saved_value *v;
236 	struct runtime_stat_data rsd = {
237 		.ctx = evsel_context(counter),
238 		.cgrp = counter->cgrp,
239 	};
240 
241 	count *= counter->scale;
242 
243 	if (evsel__is_clock(counter))
244 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_NSECS, cpu, count_ns, &rsd);
245 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES))
246 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, count, &rsd);
247 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, CYCLES_IN_TX))
248 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, cpu, count, &rsd);
249 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TRANSACTION_START))
250 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TRANSACTION, cpu, count, &rsd);
251 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, ELISION_START))
252 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_ELISION, cpu, count, &rsd);
253 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS))
254 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS,
255 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
256 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED))
257 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED,
258 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
259 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED))
260 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED,
261 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
262 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES))
263 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES,
264 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
265 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES))
266 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES,
267 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
268 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_RETIRING))
269 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING,
270 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
271 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC))
272 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC,
273 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
274 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND))
275 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND,
276 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
277 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND))
278 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND,
279 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
280 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_HEAVY_OPS))
281 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_HEAVY_OPS,
282 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
283 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_BR_MISPREDICT))
284 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_BR_MISPREDICT,
285 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
286 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_FETCH_LAT))
287 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_LAT,
288 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
289 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_MEM_BOUND))
290 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_MEM_BOUND,
291 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
292 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND))
293 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONT,
294 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
295 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND))
296 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_BACK,
297 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
298 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS))
299 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_BRANCHES, cpu, count, &rsd);
300 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_REFERENCES))
301 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, cpu, count, &rsd);
302 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1D))
303 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, cpu, count, &rsd);
304 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1I))
305 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, cpu, count, &rsd);
306 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_LL))
307 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, cpu, count, &rsd);
308 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_DTLB))
309 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, cpu, count, &rsd);
310 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_ITLB))
311 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, cpu, count, &rsd);
312 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, SMI_NUM))
313 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_SMI_NUM, cpu, count, &rsd);
314 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, APERF))
315 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_APERF, cpu, count, &rsd);
316 
317 	if (counter->collect_stat) {
318 		v = saved_value_lookup(counter, cpu, true, STAT_NONE, 0, st,
319 				       rsd.cgrp);
320 		update_stats(&v->stats, count);
321 		if (counter->metric_leader)
322 			v->metric_total += count;
323 	} else if (counter->metric_leader) {
324 		v = saved_value_lookup(counter->metric_leader,
325 				       cpu, true, STAT_NONE, 0, st, rsd.cgrp);
326 		v->metric_total += count;
327 		v->metric_other++;
328 	}
329 }
330 
331 /* used for get_ratio_color() */
332 enum grc_type {
333 	GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE,
334 	GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE,
335 	GRC_CACHE_MISSES,
336 	GRC_MAX_NR
337 };
338 
339 static const char *get_ratio_color(enum grc_type type, double ratio)
340 {
341 	static const double grc_table[GRC_MAX_NR][3] = {
342 		[GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE] = { 50.0, 30.0, 10.0 },
343 		[GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE] = { 75.0, 50.0, 20.0 },
344 		[GRC_CACHE_MISSES] 	= { 20.0, 10.0, 5.0 },
345 	};
346 	const char *color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
347 
348 	if (ratio > grc_table[type][0])
349 		color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
350 	else if (ratio > grc_table[type][1])
351 		color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
352 	else if (ratio > grc_table[type][2])
353 		color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;
354 
355 	return color;
356 }
357 
358 static struct evsel *perf_stat__find_event(struct evlist *evsel_list,
359 						const char *name)
360 {
361 	struct evsel *c2;
362 
363 	evlist__for_each_entry (evsel_list, c2) {
364 		if (!strcasecmp(c2->name, name) && !c2->collect_stat)
365 			return c2;
366 	}
367 	return NULL;
368 }
369 
370 /* Mark MetricExpr target events and link events using them to them. */
371 void perf_stat__collect_metric_expr(struct evlist *evsel_list)
372 {
373 	struct evsel *counter, *leader, **metric_events, *oc;
374 	bool found;
375 	struct expr_parse_ctx *ctx;
376 	struct hashmap_entry *cur;
377 	size_t bkt;
378 	int i;
379 
380 	ctx = expr__ctx_new();
381 	if (!ctx) {
382 		pr_debug("expr__ctx_new failed");
383 		return;
384 	}
385 	evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
386 		bool invalid = false;
387 
388 		leader = evsel__leader(counter);
389 		if (!counter->metric_expr)
390 			continue;
391 
392 		expr__ctx_clear(ctx);
393 		metric_events = counter->metric_events;
394 		if (!metric_events) {
395 			if (expr__find_ids(counter->metric_expr,
396 					   counter->name,
397 					   ctx) < 0)
398 				continue;
399 
400 			metric_events = calloc(sizeof(struct evsel *),
401 					       hashmap__size(ctx->ids) + 1);
402 			if (!metric_events) {
403 				expr__ctx_free(ctx);
404 				return;
405 			}
406 			counter->metric_events = metric_events;
407 		}
408 
409 		i = 0;
410 		hashmap__for_each_entry(ctx->ids, cur, bkt) {
411 			const char *metric_name = (const char *)cur->key;
412 
413 			found = false;
414 			if (leader) {
415 				/* Search in group */
416 				for_each_group_member (oc, leader) {
417 					if (!strcasecmp(oc->name,
418 							metric_name) &&
419 						!oc->collect_stat) {
420 						found = true;
421 						break;
422 					}
423 				}
424 			}
425 			if (!found) {
426 				/* Search ignoring groups */
427 				oc = perf_stat__find_event(evsel_list,
428 							   metric_name);
429 			}
430 			if (!oc) {
431 				/* Deduping one is good enough to handle duplicated PMUs. */
432 				static char *printed;
433 
434 				/*
435 				 * Adding events automatically would be difficult, because
436 				 * it would risk creating groups that are not schedulable.
437 				 * perf stat doesn't understand all the scheduling constraints
438 				 * of events. So we ask the user instead to add the missing
439 				 * events.
440 				 */
441 				if (!printed ||
442 				    strcasecmp(printed, metric_name)) {
443 					fprintf(stderr,
444 						"Add %s event to groups to get metric expression for %s\n",
445 						metric_name,
446 						counter->name);
447 					free(printed);
448 					printed = strdup(metric_name);
449 				}
450 				invalid = true;
451 				continue;
452 			}
453 			metric_events[i++] = oc;
454 			oc->collect_stat = true;
455 		}
456 		metric_events[i] = NULL;
457 		if (invalid) {
458 			free(metric_events);
459 			counter->metric_events = NULL;
460 			counter->metric_expr = NULL;
461 		}
462 	}
463 	expr__ctx_free(ctx);
464 }
465 
466 static double runtime_stat_avg(struct runtime_stat *st,
467 			       enum stat_type type, int cpu,
468 			       struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
469 {
470 	struct saved_value *v;
471 
472 	v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, false, type, rsd->ctx, st, rsd->cgrp);
473 	if (!v)
474 		return 0.0;
475 
476 	return avg_stats(&v->stats);
477 }
478 
479 static double runtime_stat_n(struct runtime_stat *st,
480 			     enum stat_type type, int cpu,
481 			     struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
482 {
483 	struct saved_value *v;
484 
485 	v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, false, type, rsd->ctx, st, rsd->cgrp);
486 	if (!v)
487 		return 0.0;
488 
489 	return v->stats.n;
490 }
491 
492 static void print_stalled_cycles_frontend(struct perf_stat_config *config,
493 					  int cpu, double avg,
494 					  struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
495 					  struct runtime_stat *st,
496 					  struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
497 {
498 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
499 	const char *color;
500 
501 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, rsd);
502 
503 	if (total)
504 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
505 
506 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE, ratio);
507 
508 	if (ratio)
509 		out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "frontend cycles idle",
510 				  ratio);
511 	else
512 		out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, NULL, NULL, "frontend cycles idle", 0);
513 }
514 
515 static void print_stalled_cycles_backend(struct perf_stat_config *config,
516 					 int cpu, double avg,
517 					 struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
518 					 struct runtime_stat *st,
519 					 struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
520 {
521 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
522 	const char *color;
523 
524 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, rsd);
525 
526 	if (total)
527 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
528 
529 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE, ratio);
530 
531 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "backend cycles idle", ratio);
532 }
533 
534 static void print_branch_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
535 				int cpu, double avg,
536 				struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
537 				struct runtime_stat *st,
538 				struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
539 {
540 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
541 	const char *color;
542 
543 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_BRANCHES, cpu, rsd);
544 
545 	if (total)
546 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
547 
548 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
549 
550 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all branches", ratio);
551 }
552 
553 static void print_l1_dcache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
554 				   int cpu, double avg,
555 				   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
556 				   struct runtime_stat *st,
557 				   struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
558 {
559 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
560 	const char *color;
561 
562 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, cpu, rsd);
563 
564 	if (total)
565 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
566 
567 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
568 
569 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all L1-dcache accesses", ratio);
570 }
571 
572 static void print_l1_icache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
573 				   int cpu, double avg,
574 				   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
575 				   struct runtime_stat *st,
576 				   struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
577 {
578 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
579 	const char *color;
580 
581 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, cpu, rsd);
582 
583 	if (total)
584 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
585 
586 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
587 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all L1-icache accesses", ratio);
588 }
589 
590 static void print_dtlb_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
591 				    int cpu, double avg,
592 				    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
593 				    struct runtime_stat *st,
594 				    struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
595 {
596 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
597 	const char *color;
598 
599 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, cpu, rsd);
600 
601 	if (total)
602 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
603 
604 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
605 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all dTLB cache accesses", ratio);
606 }
607 
608 static void print_itlb_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
609 				    int cpu, double avg,
610 				    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
611 				    struct runtime_stat *st,
612 				    struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
613 {
614 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
615 	const char *color;
616 
617 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, cpu, rsd);
618 
619 	if (total)
620 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
621 
622 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
623 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all iTLB cache accesses", ratio);
624 }
625 
626 static void print_ll_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
627 				  int cpu, double avg,
628 				  struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
629 				  struct runtime_stat *st,
630 				  struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
631 {
632 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
633 	const char *color;
634 
635 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, cpu, rsd);
636 
637 	if (total)
638 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
639 
640 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
641 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all LL-cache accesses", ratio);
642 }
643 
644 /*
645  * High level "TopDown" CPU core pipe line bottleneck break down.
646  *
647  * Basic concept following
648  * Yasin, A Top Down Method for Performance analysis and Counter architecture
649  * ISPASS14
650  *
651  * The CPU pipeline is divided into 4 areas that can be bottlenecks:
652  *
653  * Frontend -> Backend -> Retiring
654  * BadSpeculation in addition means out of order execution that is thrown away
655  * (for example branch mispredictions)
656  * Frontend is instruction decoding.
657  * Backend is execution, like computation and accessing data in memory
658  * Retiring is good execution that is not directly bottlenecked
659  *
660  * The formulas are computed in slots.
661  * A slot is an entry in the pipeline each for the pipeline width
662  * (for example a 4-wide pipeline has 4 slots for each cycle)
663  *
664  * Formulas:
665  * BadSpeculation = ((SlotsIssued - SlotsRetired) + RecoveryBubbles) /
666  *			TotalSlots
667  * Retiring = SlotsRetired / TotalSlots
668  * FrontendBound = FetchBubbles / TotalSlots
669  * BackendBound = 1.0 - BadSpeculation - Retiring - FrontendBound
670  *
671  * The kernel provides the mapping to the low level CPU events and any scaling
672  * needed for the CPU pipeline width, for example:
673  *
674  * TotalSlots = Cycles * 4
675  *
676  * The scaling factor is communicated in the sysfs unit.
677  *
678  * In some cases the CPU may not be able to measure all the formulas due to
679  * missing events. In this case multiple formulas are combined, as possible.
680  *
681  * Full TopDown supports more levels to sub-divide each area: for example
682  * BackendBound into computing bound and memory bound. For now we only
683  * support Level 1 TopDown.
684  */
685 
686 static double sanitize_val(double x)
687 {
688 	if (x < 0 && x >= -0.02)
689 		return 0.0;
690 	return x;
691 }
692 
693 static double td_total_slots(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st,
694 			     struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
695 {
696 	return runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS, cpu, rsd);
697 }
698 
699 static double td_bad_spec(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st,
700 			  struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
701 {
702 	double bad_spec = 0;
703 	double total_slots;
704 	double total;
705 
706 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED, cpu, rsd) -
707 		runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED, cpu, rsd) +
708 		runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES, cpu, rsd);
709 
710 	total_slots = td_total_slots(cpu, st, rsd);
711 	if (total_slots)
712 		bad_spec = total / total_slots;
713 	return sanitize_val(bad_spec);
714 }
715 
716 static double td_retiring(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st,
717 			  struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
718 {
719 	double retiring = 0;
720 	double total_slots = td_total_slots(cpu, st, rsd);
721 	double ret_slots = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED,
722 					    cpu, rsd);
723 
724 	if (total_slots)
725 		retiring = ret_slots / total_slots;
726 	return retiring;
727 }
728 
729 static double td_fe_bound(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st,
730 			  struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
731 {
732 	double fe_bound = 0;
733 	double total_slots = td_total_slots(cpu, st, rsd);
734 	double fetch_bub = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES,
735 					    cpu, rsd);
736 
737 	if (total_slots)
738 		fe_bound = fetch_bub / total_slots;
739 	return fe_bound;
740 }
741 
742 static double td_be_bound(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st,
743 			  struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
744 {
745 	double sum = (td_fe_bound(cpu, st, rsd) +
746 		      td_bad_spec(cpu, st, rsd) +
747 		      td_retiring(cpu, st, rsd));
748 	if (sum == 0)
749 		return 0;
750 	return sanitize_val(1.0 - sum);
751 }
752 
753 /*
754  * Kernel reports metrics multiplied with slots. To get back
755  * the ratios we need to recreate the sum.
756  */
757 
758 static double td_metric_ratio(int cpu, enum stat_type type,
759 			      struct runtime_stat *stat,
760 			      struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
761 {
762 	double sum = runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, cpu, rsd) +
763 		runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, cpu, rsd) +
764 		runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, cpu, rsd) +
765 		runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, cpu, rsd);
766 	double d = runtime_stat_avg(stat, type, cpu, rsd);
767 
768 	if (sum)
769 		return d / sum;
770 	return 0;
771 }
772 
773 /*
774  * ... but only if most of the values are actually available.
775  * We allow two missing.
776  */
777 
778 static bool full_td(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *stat,
779 		    struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
780 {
781 	int c = 0;
782 
783 	if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, cpu, rsd) > 0)
784 		c++;
785 	if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, cpu, rsd) > 0)
786 		c++;
787 	if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, cpu, rsd) > 0)
788 		c++;
789 	if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, cpu, rsd) > 0)
790 		c++;
791 	return c >= 2;
792 }
793 
794 static void print_smi_cost(struct perf_stat_config *config, int cpu,
795 			   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
796 			   struct runtime_stat *st,
797 			   struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
798 {
799 	double smi_num, aperf, cycles, cost = 0.0;
800 	const char *color = NULL;
801 
802 	smi_num = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_SMI_NUM, cpu, rsd);
803 	aperf = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_APERF, cpu, rsd);
804 	cycles = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, rsd);
805 
806 	if ((cycles == 0) || (aperf == 0))
807 		return;
808 
809 	if (smi_num)
810 		cost = (aperf - cycles) / aperf * 100.00;
811 
812 	if (cost > 10)
813 		color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
814 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%8.1f%%", "SMI cycles%", cost);
815 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, NULL, "%4.0f", "SMI#", smi_num);
816 }
817 
818 static int prepare_metric(struct evsel **metric_events,
819 			  struct metric_ref *metric_refs,
820 			  struct expr_parse_ctx *pctx,
821 			  int cpu,
822 			  struct runtime_stat *st)
823 {
824 	double scale;
825 	char *n;
826 	int i, j, ret;
827 
828 	for (i = 0; metric_events[i]; i++) {
829 		struct saved_value *v;
830 		struct stats *stats;
831 		u64 metric_total = 0;
832 		int source_count;
833 
834 		if (!strcmp(metric_events[i]->name, "duration_time")) {
835 			stats = &walltime_nsecs_stats;
836 			scale = 1e-9;
837 			source_count = 1;
838 		} else {
839 			v = saved_value_lookup(metric_events[i], cpu, false,
840 					       STAT_NONE, 0, st,
841 					       metric_events[i]->cgrp);
842 			if (!v)
843 				break;
844 			stats = &v->stats;
845 			scale = 1.0;
846 			source_count = evsel__source_count(metric_events[i]);
847 
848 			if (v->metric_other)
849 				metric_total = v->metric_total;
850 		}
851 		n = strdup(evsel__metric_id(metric_events[i]));
852 		if (!n)
853 			return -ENOMEM;
854 
855 		expr__add_id_val_source_count(pctx, n,
856 					metric_total ? : avg_stats(stats) * scale,
857 					source_count);
858 	}
859 
860 	for (j = 0; metric_refs && metric_refs[j].metric_name; j++) {
861 		ret = expr__add_ref(pctx, &metric_refs[j]);
862 		if (ret)
863 			return ret;
864 	}
865 
866 	return i;
867 }
868 
869 static void generic_metric(struct perf_stat_config *config,
870 			   const char *metric_expr,
871 			   struct evsel **metric_events,
872 			   struct metric_ref *metric_refs,
873 			   char *name,
874 			   const char *metric_name,
875 			   const char *metric_unit,
876 			   int runtime,
877 			   int cpu,
878 			   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
879 			   struct runtime_stat *st)
880 {
881 	print_metric_t print_metric = out->print_metric;
882 	struct expr_parse_ctx *pctx;
883 	double ratio, scale;
884 	int i;
885 	void *ctxp = out->ctx;
886 
887 	pctx = expr__ctx_new();
888 	if (!pctx)
889 		return;
890 
891 	pctx->runtime = runtime;
892 	i = prepare_metric(metric_events, metric_refs, pctx, cpu, st);
893 	if (i < 0) {
894 		expr__ctx_free(pctx);
895 		return;
896 	}
897 	if (!metric_events[i]) {
898 		if (expr__parse(&ratio, pctx, metric_expr) == 0) {
899 			char *unit;
900 			char metric_bf[64];
901 
902 			if (metric_unit && metric_name) {
903 				if (perf_pmu__convert_scale(metric_unit,
904 					&unit, &scale) >= 0) {
905 					ratio *= scale;
906 				}
907 				if (strstr(metric_expr, "?"))
908 					scnprintf(metric_bf, sizeof(metric_bf),
909 					  "%s  %s_%d", unit, metric_name, runtime);
910 				else
911 					scnprintf(metric_bf, sizeof(metric_bf),
912 					  "%s  %s", unit, metric_name);
913 
914 				print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.1f",
915 					     metric_bf, ratio);
916 			} else {
917 				print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.2f",
918 					metric_name ?
919 					metric_name :
920 					out->force_header ?  name : "",
921 					ratio);
922 			}
923 		} else {
924 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL,
925 				     out->force_header ?
926 				     (metric_name ? metric_name : name) : "", 0);
927 		}
928 	} else {
929 		print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL,
930 			     out->force_header ?
931 			     (metric_name ? metric_name : name) : "", 0);
932 	}
933 
934 	expr__ctx_free(pctx);
935 }
936 
937 double test_generic_metric(struct metric_expr *mexp, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
938 {
939 	struct expr_parse_ctx *pctx;
940 	double ratio = 0.0;
941 
942 	pctx = expr__ctx_new();
943 	if (!pctx)
944 		return NAN;
945 
946 	if (prepare_metric(mexp->metric_events, mexp->metric_refs, pctx, cpu, st) < 0)
947 		goto out;
948 
949 	if (expr__parse(&ratio, pctx, mexp->metric_expr))
950 		ratio = 0.0;
951 
952 out:
953 	expr__ctx_free(pctx);
954 	return ratio;
955 }
956 
957 void perf_stat__print_shadow_stats(struct perf_stat_config *config,
958 				   struct evsel *evsel,
959 				   double avg, int cpu,
960 				   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
961 				   struct rblist *metric_events,
962 				   struct runtime_stat *st)
963 {
964 	void *ctxp = out->ctx;
965 	print_metric_t print_metric = out->print_metric;
966 	double total, ratio = 0.0, total2;
967 	const char *color = NULL;
968 	struct runtime_stat_data rsd = {
969 		.ctx = evsel_context(evsel),
970 		.cgrp = evsel->cgrp,
971 	};
972 	struct metric_event *me;
973 	int num = 1;
974 
975 	if (config->iostat_run) {
976 		iostat_print_metric(config, evsel, out);
977 	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_INSTRUCTIONS)) {
978 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, &rsd);
979 
980 		if (total) {
981 			ratio = avg / total;
982 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
983 					"insn per cycle", ratio);
984 		} else {
985 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "insn per cycle", 0);
986 		}
987 
988 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONT, cpu, &rsd);
989 
990 		total = max(total, runtime_stat_avg(st,
991 						    STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_BACK,
992 						    cpu, &rsd));
993 
994 		if (total && avg) {
995 			out->new_line(config, ctxp);
996 			ratio = total / avg;
997 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
998 					"stalled cycles per insn",
999 					ratio);
1000 		}
1001 	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_MISSES)) {
1002 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_BRANCHES, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1003 			print_branch_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1004 		else
1005 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all branches", 0);
1006 	} else if (
1007 		evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
1008 		evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
1009 					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
1010 					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
1011 
1012 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1013 			print_l1_dcache_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1014 		else
1015 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all L1-dcache accesses", 0);
1016 	} else if (
1017 		evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
1018 		evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I |
1019 					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
1020 					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
1021 
1022 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1023 			print_l1_icache_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1024 		else
1025 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all L1-icache accesses", 0);
1026 	} else if (
1027 		evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
1028 		evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB |
1029 					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
1030 					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
1031 
1032 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1033 			print_dtlb_cache_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1034 		else
1035 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all dTLB cache accesses", 0);
1036 	} else if (
1037 		evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
1038 		evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB |
1039 					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
1040 					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
1041 
1042 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1043 			print_itlb_cache_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1044 		else
1045 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all iTLB cache accesses", 0);
1046 	} else if (
1047 		evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
1048 		evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL |
1049 					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
1050 					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
1051 
1052 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1053 			print_ll_cache_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1054 		else
1055 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all LL-cache accesses", 0);
1056 	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_MISSES)) {
1057 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, cpu, &rsd);
1058 
1059 		if (total)
1060 			ratio = avg * 100 / total;
1061 
1062 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1063 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f %%",
1064 				     "of all cache refs", ratio);
1065 		else
1066 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all cache refs", 0);
1067 	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND)) {
1068 		print_stalled_cycles_frontend(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1069 	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND)) {
1070 		print_stalled_cycles_backend(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1071 	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES)) {
1072 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_NSECS, cpu, &rsd);
1073 
1074 		if (total) {
1075 			ratio = avg / total;
1076 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", "GHz", ratio);
1077 		} else {
1078 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "Ghz", 0);
1079 		}
1080 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, CYCLES_IN_TX)) {
1081 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, &rsd);
1082 
1083 		if (total)
1084 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL,
1085 					"%7.2f%%", "transactional cycles",
1086 					100.0 * (avg / total));
1087 		else
1088 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "transactional cycles",
1089 				     0);
1090 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, CYCLES_IN_TX_CP)) {
1091 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, &rsd);
1092 		total2 = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, cpu, &rsd);
1093 
1094 		if (total2 < avg)
1095 			total2 = avg;
1096 		if (total)
1097 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f%%", "aborted cycles",
1098 				100.0 * ((total2-avg) / total));
1099 		else
1100 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "aborted cycles", 0);
1101 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TRANSACTION_START)) {
1102 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, cpu, &rsd);
1103 
1104 		if (avg)
1105 			ratio = total / avg;
1106 
1107 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1108 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.0f",
1109 				     "cycles / transaction", ratio);
1110 		else
1111 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "cycles / transaction",
1112 				      0);
1113 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, ELISION_START)) {
1114 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, cpu, &rsd);
1115 
1116 		if (avg)
1117 			ratio = total / avg;
1118 
1119 		print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.0f", "cycles / elision", ratio);
1120 	} else if (evsel__is_clock(evsel)) {
1121 		if ((ratio = avg_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats)) != 0)
1122 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", "CPUs utilized",
1123 				     avg / (ratio * evsel->scale));
1124 		else
1125 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "CPUs utilized", 0);
1126 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES)) {
1127 		double fe_bound = td_fe_bound(cpu, st, &rsd);
1128 
1129 		if (fe_bound > 0.2)
1130 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1131 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "frontend bound",
1132 				fe_bound * 100.);
1133 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED)) {
1134 		double retiring = td_retiring(cpu, st, &rsd);
1135 
1136 		if (retiring > 0.7)
1137 			color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
1138 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "retiring",
1139 				retiring * 100.);
1140 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES)) {
1141 		double bad_spec = td_bad_spec(cpu, st, &rsd);
1142 
1143 		if (bad_spec > 0.1)
1144 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1145 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "bad speculation",
1146 				bad_spec * 100.);
1147 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED)) {
1148 		double be_bound = td_be_bound(cpu, st, &rsd);
1149 		const char *name = "backend bound";
1150 		static int have_recovery_bubbles = -1;
1151 
1152 		/* In case the CPU does not support topdown-recovery-bubbles */
1153 		if (have_recovery_bubbles < 0)
1154 			have_recovery_bubbles = pmu_have_event("cpu",
1155 					"topdown-recovery-bubbles");
1156 		if (!have_recovery_bubbles)
1157 			name = "backend bound/bad spec";
1158 
1159 		if (be_bound > 0.2)
1160 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1161 		if (td_total_slots(cpu, st, &rsd) > 0)
1162 			print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", name,
1163 					be_bound * 100.);
1164 		else
1165 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, name, 0);
1166 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_RETIRING) &&
1167 		   full_td(cpu, st, &rsd)) {
1168 		double retiring = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1169 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, st,
1170 						  &rsd);
1171 		if (retiring > 0.7)
1172 			color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
1173 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "retiring",
1174 				retiring * 100.);
1175 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND) &&
1176 		   full_td(cpu, st, &rsd)) {
1177 		double fe_bound = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1178 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, st,
1179 						  &rsd);
1180 		if (fe_bound > 0.2)
1181 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1182 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "frontend bound",
1183 				fe_bound * 100.);
1184 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND) &&
1185 		   full_td(cpu, st, &rsd)) {
1186 		double be_bound = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1187 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, st,
1188 						  &rsd);
1189 		if (be_bound > 0.2)
1190 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1191 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "backend bound",
1192 				be_bound * 100.);
1193 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC) &&
1194 		   full_td(cpu, st, &rsd)) {
1195 		double bad_spec = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1196 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, st,
1197 						  &rsd);
1198 		if (bad_spec > 0.1)
1199 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1200 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "bad speculation",
1201 				bad_spec * 100.);
1202 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_HEAVY_OPS) &&
1203 			full_td(cpu, st, &rsd) && (config->topdown_level > 1)) {
1204 		double retiring = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1205 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, st,
1206 						  &rsd);
1207 		double heavy_ops = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1208 						   STAT_TOPDOWN_HEAVY_OPS, st,
1209 						   &rsd);
1210 		double light_ops = retiring - heavy_ops;
1211 
1212 		if (retiring > 0.7 && heavy_ops > 0.1)
1213 			color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
1214 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "heavy operations",
1215 				heavy_ops * 100.);
1216 		if (retiring > 0.7 && light_ops > 0.6)
1217 			color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
1218 		else
1219 			color = NULL;
1220 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "light operations",
1221 				light_ops * 100.);
1222 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_BR_MISPREDICT) &&
1223 			full_td(cpu, st, &rsd) && (config->topdown_level > 1)) {
1224 		double bad_spec = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1225 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, st,
1226 						  &rsd);
1227 		double br_mis = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1228 						STAT_TOPDOWN_BR_MISPREDICT, st,
1229 						&rsd);
1230 		double m_clears = bad_spec - br_mis;
1231 
1232 		if (bad_spec > 0.1 && br_mis > 0.05)
1233 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1234 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "branch mispredict",
1235 				br_mis * 100.);
1236 		if (bad_spec > 0.1 && m_clears > 0.05)
1237 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1238 		else
1239 			color = NULL;
1240 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "machine clears",
1241 				m_clears * 100.);
1242 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_FETCH_LAT) &&
1243 			full_td(cpu, st, &rsd) && (config->topdown_level > 1)) {
1244 		double fe_bound = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1245 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, st,
1246 						  &rsd);
1247 		double fetch_lat = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1248 						   STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_LAT, st,
1249 						   &rsd);
1250 		double fetch_bw = fe_bound - fetch_lat;
1251 
1252 		if (fe_bound > 0.2 && fetch_lat > 0.15)
1253 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1254 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "fetch latency",
1255 				fetch_lat * 100.);
1256 		if (fe_bound > 0.2 && fetch_bw > 0.1)
1257 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1258 		else
1259 			color = NULL;
1260 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "fetch bandwidth",
1261 				fetch_bw * 100.);
1262 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_MEM_BOUND) &&
1263 			full_td(cpu, st, &rsd) && (config->topdown_level > 1)) {
1264 		double be_bound = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1265 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, st,
1266 						  &rsd);
1267 		double mem_bound = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1268 						   STAT_TOPDOWN_MEM_BOUND, st,
1269 						   &rsd);
1270 		double core_bound = be_bound - mem_bound;
1271 
1272 		if (be_bound > 0.2 && mem_bound > 0.2)
1273 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1274 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "memory bound",
1275 				mem_bound * 100.);
1276 		if (be_bound > 0.2 && core_bound > 0.1)
1277 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1278 		else
1279 			color = NULL;
1280 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "Core bound",
1281 				core_bound * 100.);
1282 	} else if (evsel->metric_expr) {
1283 		generic_metric(config, evsel->metric_expr, evsel->metric_events, NULL,
1284 				evsel->name, evsel->metric_name, NULL, 1, cpu, out, st);
1285 	} else if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_NSECS, cpu, &rsd) != 0) {
1286 		char unit = ' ';
1287 		char unit_buf[10] = "/sec";
1288 
1289 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_NSECS, cpu, &rsd);
1290 		if (total)
1291 			ratio = convert_unit_double(1000000000.0 * avg / total, &unit);
1292 
1293 		if (unit != ' ')
1294 			snprintf(unit_buf, sizeof(unit_buf), "%c/sec", unit);
1295 		print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", unit_buf, ratio);
1296 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, SMI_NUM)) {
1297 		print_smi_cost(config, cpu, out, st, &rsd);
1298 	} else {
1299 		num = 0;
1300 	}
1301 
1302 	if ((me = metricgroup__lookup(metric_events, evsel, false)) != NULL) {
1303 		struct metric_expr *mexp;
1304 
1305 		list_for_each_entry (mexp, &me->head, nd) {
1306 			if (num++ > 0)
1307 				out->new_line(config, ctxp);
1308 			generic_metric(config, mexp->metric_expr, mexp->metric_events,
1309 					mexp->metric_refs, evsel->name, mexp->metric_name,
1310 					mexp->metric_unit, mexp->runtime, cpu, out, st);
1311 		}
1312 	}
1313 	if (num == 0)
1314 		print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
1315 }
1316