xref: /openbmc/linux/tools/perf/util/stat-shadow.c (revision 6cd70754)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 #include <stdio.h>
3 #include "evsel.h"
4 #include "stat.h"
5 #include "color.h"
6 #include "pmu.h"
7 #include "rblist.h"
8 #include "evlist.h"
9 #include "expr.h"
10 #include "metricgroup.h"
11 #include "cgroup.h"
12 #include "units.h"
13 #include <linux/zalloc.h>
14 
15 /*
16  * AGGR_GLOBAL: Use CPU 0
17  * AGGR_SOCKET: Use first CPU of socket
18  * AGGR_DIE: Use first CPU of die
19  * AGGR_CORE: Use first CPU of core
20  * AGGR_NONE: Use matching CPU
21  * AGGR_THREAD: Not supported?
22  */
23 
24 struct runtime_stat rt_stat;
25 struct stats walltime_nsecs_stats;
26 
27 struct saved_value {
28 	struct rb_node rb_node;
29 	struct evsel *evsel;
30 	enum stat_type type;
31 	int ctx;
32 	int cpu;
33 	struct cgroup *cgrp;
34 	struct runtime_stat *stat;
35 	struct stats stats;
36 	u64 metric_total;
37 	int metric_other;
38 };
39 
40 static int saved_value_cmp(struct rb_node *rb_node, const void *entry)
41 {
42 	struct saved_value *a = container_of(rb_node,
43 					     struct saved_value,
44 					     rb_node);
45 	const struct saved_value *b = entry;
46 
47 	if (a->cpu != b->cpu)
48 		return a->cpu - b->cpu;
49 
50 	/*
51 	 * Previously the rbtree was used to link generic metrics.
52 	 * The keys were evsel/cpu. Now the rbtree is extended to support
53 	 * per-thread shadow stats. For shadow stats case, the keys
54 	 * are cpu/type/ctx/stat (evsel is NULL). For generic metrics
55 	 * case, the keys are still evsel/cpu (type/ctx/stat are 0 or NULL).
56 	 */
57 	if (a->type != b->type)
58 		return a->type - b->type;
59 
60 	if (a->ctx != b->ctx)
61 		return a->ctx - b->ctx;
62 
63 	if (a->cgrp != b->cgrp)
64 		return (char *)a->cgrp < (char *)b->cgrp ? -1 : +1;
65 
66 	if (a->evsel == NULL && b->evsel == NULL) {
67 		if (a->stat == b->stat)
68 			return 0;
69 
70 		if ((char *)a->stat < (char *)b->stat)
71 			return -1;
72 
73 		return 1;
74 	}
75 
76 	if (a->evsel == b->evsel)
77 		return 0;
78 	if ((char *)a->evsel < (char *)b->evsel)
79 		return -1;
80 	return +1;
81 }
82 
83 static struct rb_node *saved_value_new(struct rblist *rblist __maybe_unused,
84 				     const void *entry)
85 {
86 	struct saved_value *nd = malloc(sizeof(struct saved_value));
87 
88 	if (!nd)
89 		return NULL;
90 	memcpy(nd, entry, sizeof(struct saved_value));
91 	return &nd->rb_node;
92 }
93 
94 static void saved_value_delete(struct rblist *rblist __maybe_unused,
95 			       struct rb_node *rb_node)
96 {
97 	struct saved_value *v;
98 
99 	BUG_ON(!rb_node);
100 	v = container_of(rb_node, struct saved_value, rb_node);
101 	free(v);
102 }
103 
104 static struct saved_value *saved_value_lookup(struct evsel *evsel,
105 					      int cpu,
106 					      bool create,
107 					      enum stat_type type,
108 					      int ctx,
109 					      struct runtime_stat *st,
110 					      struct cgroup *cgrp)
111 {
112 	struct rblist *rblist;
113 	struct rb_node *nd;
114 	struct saved_value dm = {
115 		.cpu = cpu,
116 		.evsel = evsel,
117 		.type = type,
118 		.ctx = ctx,
119 		.stat = st,
120 		.cgrp = cgrp,
121 	};
122 
123 	rblist = &st->value_list;
124 
125 	/* don't use context info for clock events */
126 	if (type == STAT_NSECS)
127 		dm.ctx = 0;
128 
129 	nd = rblist__find(rblist, &dm);
130 	if (nd)
131 		return container_of(nd, struct saved_value, rb_node);
132 	if (create) {
133 		rblist__add_node(rblist, &dm);
134 		nd = rblist__find(rblist, &dm);
135 		if (nd)
136 			return container_of(nd, struct saved_value, rb_node);
137 	}
138 	return NULL;
139 }
140 
141 void runtime_stat__init(struct runtime_stat *st)
142 {
143 	struct rblist *rblist = &st->value_list;
144 
145 	rblist__init(rblist);
146 	rblist->node_cmp = saved_value_cmp;
147 	rblist->node_new = saved_value_new;
148 	rblist->node_delete = saved_value_delete;
149 }
150 
151 void runtime_stat__exit(struct runtime_stat *st)
152 {
153 	rblist__exit(&st->value_list);
154 }
155 
156 void perf_stat__init_shadow_stats(void)
157 {
158 	runtime_stat__init(&rt_stat);
159 }
160 
161 static int evsel_context(struct evsel *evsel)
162 {
163 	int ctx = 0;
164 
165 	if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_kernel)
166 		ctx |= CTX_BIT_KERNEL;
167 	if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_user)
168 		ctx |= CTX_BIT_USER;
169 	if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_hv)
170 		ctx |= CTX_BIT_HV;
171 	if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_host)
172 		ctx |= CTX_BIT_HOST;
173 	if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_idle)
174 		ctx |= CTX_BIT_IDLE;
175 
176 	return ctx;
177 }
178 
179 static void reset_stat(struct runtime_stat *st)
180 {
181 	struct rblist *rblist;
182 	struct rb_node *pos, *next;
183 
184 	rblist = &st->value_list;
185 	next = rb_first_cached(&rblist->entries);
186 	while (next) {
187 		pos = next;
188 		next = rb_next(pos);
189 		memset(&container_of(pos, struct saved_value, rb_node)->stats,
190 		       0,
191 		       sizeof(struct stats));
192 	}
193 }
194 
195 void perf_stat__reset_shadow_stats(void)
196 {
197 	reset_stat(&rt_stat);
198 	memset(&walltime_nsecs_stats, 0, sizeof(walltime_nsecs_stats));
199 }
200 
201 void perf_stat__reset_shadow_per_stat(struct runtime_stat *st)
202 {
203 	reset_stat(st);
204 }
205 
206 struct runtime_stat_data {
207 	int ctx;
208 	struct cgroup *cgrp;
209 };
210 
211 static void update_runtime_stat(struct runtime_stat *st,
212 				enum stat_type type,
213 				int cpu, u64 count,
214 				struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
215 {
216 	struct saved_value *v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, true, type,
217 						   rsd->ctx, st, rsd->cgrp);
218 
219 	if (v)
220 		update_stats(&v->stats, count);
221 }
222 
223 /*
224  * Update various tracking values we maintain to print
225  * more semantic information such as miss/hit ratios,
226  * instruction rates, etc:
227  */
228 void perf_stat__update_shadow_stats(struct evsel *counter, u64 count,
229 				    int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
230 {
231 	u64 count_ns = count;
232 	struct saved_value *v;
233 	struct runtime_stat_data rsd = {
234 		.ctx = evsel_context(counter),
235 		.cgrp = counter->cgrp,
236 	};
237 
238 	count *= counter->scale;
239 
240 	if (evsel__is_clock(counter))
241 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_NSECS, cpu, count_ns, &rsd);
242 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES))
243 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, count, &rsd);
244 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, CYCLES_IN_TX))
245 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, cpu, count, &rsd);
246 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TRANSACTION_START))
247 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TRANSACTION, cpu, count, &rsd);
248 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, ELISION_START))
249 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_ELISION, cpu, count, &rsd);
250 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS))
251 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS,
252 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
253 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED))
254 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED,
255 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
256 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED))
257 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED,
258 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
259 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES))
260 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES,
261 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
262 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES))
263 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES,
264 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
265 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_RETIRING))
266 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING,
267 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
268 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC))
269 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC,
270 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
271 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND))
272 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND,
273 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
274 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND))
275 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND,
276 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
277 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_HEAVY_OPS))
278 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_HEAVY_OPS,
279 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
280 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_BR_MISPREDICT))
281 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_BR_MISPREDICT,
282 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
283 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_FETCH_LAT))
284 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_LAT,
285 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
286 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_MEM_BOUND))
287 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_MEM_BOUND,
288 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
289 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND))
290 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONT,
291 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
292 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND))
293 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_BACK,
294 				    cpu, count, &rsd);
295 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS))
296 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_BRANCHES, cpu, count, &rsd);
297 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_REFERENCES))
298 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, cpu, count, &rsd);
299 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1D))
300 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, cpu, count, &rsd);
301 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1I))
302 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, cpu, count, &rsd);
303 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_LL))
304 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, cpu, count, &rsd);
305 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_DTLB))
306 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, cpu, count, &rsd);
307 	else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_ITLB))
308 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, cpu, count, &rsd);
309 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, SMI_NUM))
310 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_SMI_NUM, cpu, count, &rsd);
311 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, APERF))
312 		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_APERF, cpu, count, &rsd);
313 
314 	if (counter->collect_stat) {
315 		v = saved_value_lookup(counter, cpu, true, STAT_NONE, 0, st,
316 				       rsd.cgrp);
317 		update_stats(&v->stats, count);
318 		if (counter->metric_leader)
319 			v->metric_total += count;
320 	} else if (counter->metric_leader) {
321 		v = saved_value_lookup(counter->metric_leader,
322 				       cpu, true, STAT_NONE, 0, st, rsd.cgrp);
323 		v->metric_total += count;
324 		v->metric_other++;
325 	}
326 }
327 
328 /* used for get_ratio_color() */
329 enum grc_type {
330 	GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE,
331 	GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE,
332 	GRC_CACHE_MISSES,
333 	GRC_MAX_NR
334 };
335 
336 static const char *get_ratio_color(enum grc_type type, double ratio)
337 {
338 	static const double grc_table[GRC_MAX_NR][3] = {
339 		[GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE] = { 50.0, 30.0, 10.0 },
340 		[GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE] = { 75.0, 50.0, 20.0 },
341 		[GRC_CACHE_MISSES] 	= { 20.0, 10.0, 5.0 },
342 	};
343 	const char *color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
344 
345 	if (ratio > grc_table[type][0])
346 		color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
347 	else if (ratio > grc_table[type][1])
348 		color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
349 	else if (ratio > grc_table[type][2])
350 		color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;
351 
352 	return color;
353 }
354 
355 static struct evsel *perf_stat__find_event(struct evlist *evsel_list,
356 						const char *name)
357 {
358 	struct evsel *c2;
359 
360 	evlist__for_each_entry (evsel_list, c2) {
361 		if (!strcasecmp(c2->name, name) && !c2->collect_stat)
362 			return c2;
363 	}
364 	return NULL;
365 }
366 
367 /* Mark MetricExpr target events and link events using them to them. */
368 void perf_stat__collect_metric_expr(struct evlist *evsel_list)
369 {
370 	struct evsel *counter, *leader, **metric_events, *oc;
371 	bool found;
372 	struct expr_parse_ctx ctx;
373 	struct hashmap_entry *cur;
374 	size_t bkt;
375 	int i;
376 
377 	expr__ctx_init(&ctx);
378 	evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
379 		bool invalid = false;
380 
381 		leader = counter->leader;
382 		if (!counter->metric_expr)
383 			continue;
384 
385 		expr__ctx_clear(&ctx);
386 		metric_events = counter->metric_events;
387 		if (!metric_events) {
388 			if (expr__find_other(counter->metric_expr,
389 					     counter->name,
390 					     &ctx, 1) < 0)
391 				continue;
392 
393 			metric_events = calloc(sizeof(struct evsel *),
394 					       hashmap__size(&ctx.ids) + 1);
395 			if (!metric_events) {
396 				expr__ctx_clear(&ctx);
397 				return;
398 			}
399 			counter->metric_events = metric_events;
400 		}
401 
402 		i = 0;
403 		hashmap__for_each_entry((&ctx.ids), cur, bkt) {
404 			const char *metric_name = (const char *)cur->key;
405 
406 			found = false;
407 			if (leader) {
408 				/* Search in group */
409 				for_each_group_member (oc, leader) {
410 					if (!strcasecmp(oc->name,
411 							metric_name) &&
412 						!oc->collect_stat) {
413 						found = true;
414 						break;
415 					}
416 				}
417 			}
418 			if (!found) {
419 				/* Search ignoring groups */
420 				oc = perf_stat__find_event(evsel_list,
421 							   metric_name);
422 			}
423 			if (!oc) {
424 				/* Deduping one is good enough to handle duplicated PMUs. */
425 				static char *printed;
426 
427 				/*
428 				 * Adding events automatically would be difficult, because
429 				 * it would risk creating groups that are not schedulable.
430 				 * perf stat doesn't understand all the scheduling constraints
431 				 * of events. So we ask the user instead to add the missing
432 				 * events.
433 				 */
434 				if (!printed ||
435 				    strcasecmp(printed, metric_name)) {
436 					fprintf(stderr,
437 						"Add %s event to groups to get metric expression for %s\n",
438 						metric_name,
439 						counter->name);
440 					printed = strdup(metric_name);
441 				}
442 				invalid = true;
443 				continue;
444 			}
445 			metric_events[i++] = oc;
446 			oc->collect_stat = true;
447 		}
448 		metric_events[i] = NULL;
449 		if (invalid) {
450 			free(metric_events);
451 			counter->metric_events = NULL;
452 			counter->metric_expr = NULL;
453 		}
454 	}
455 	expr__ctx_clear(&ctx);
456 }
457 
458 static double runtime_stat_avg(struct runtime_stat *st,
459 			       enum stat_type type, int cpu,
460 			       struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
461 {
462 	struct saved_value *v;
463 
464 	v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, false, type, rsd->ctx, st, rsd->cgrp);
465 	if (!v)
466 		return 0.0;
467 
468 	return avg_stats(&v->stats);
469 }
470 
471 static double runtime_stat_n(struct runtime_stat *st,
472 			     enum stat_type type, int cpu,
473 			     struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
474 {
475 	struct saved_value *v;
476 
477 	v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, false, type, rsd->ctx, st, rsd->cgrp);
478 	if (!v)
479 		return 0.0;
480 
481 	return v->stats.n;
482 }
483 
484 static void print_stalled_cycles_frontend(struct perf_stat_config *config,
485 					  int cpu, double avg,
486 					  struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
487 					  struct runtime_stat *st,
488 					  struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
489 {
490 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
491 	const char *color;
492 
493 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, rsd);
494 
495 	if (total)
496 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
497 
498 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE, ratio);
499 
500 	if (ratio)
501 		out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "frontend cycles idle",
502 				  ratio);
503 	else
504 		out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, NULL, NULL, "frontend cycles idle", 0);
505 }
506 
507 static void print_stalled_cycles_backend(struct perf_stat_config *config,
508 					 int cpu, double avg,
509 					 struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
510 					 struct runtime_stat *st,
511 					 struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
512 {
513 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
514 	const char *color;
515 
516 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, rsd);
517 
518 	if (total)
519 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
520 
521 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE, ratio);
522 
523 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "backend cycles idle", ratio);
524 }
525 
526 static void print_branch_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
527 				int cpu, double avg,
528 				struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
529 				struct runtime_stat *st,
530 				struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
531 {
532 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
533 	const char *color;
534 
535 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_BRANCHES, cpu, rsd);
536 
537 	if (total)
538 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
539 
540 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
541 
542 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all branches", ratio);
543 }
544 
545 static void print_l1_dcache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
546 				   int cpu, double avg,
547 				   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
548 				   struct runtime_stat *st,
549 				   struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
550 {
551 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
552 	const char *color;
553 
554 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, cpu, rsd);
555 
556 	if (total)
557 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
558 
559 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
560 
561 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all L1-dcache accesses", ratio);
562 }
563 
564 static void print_l1_icache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
565 				   int cpu, double avg,
566 				   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
567 				   struct runtime_stat *st,
568 				   struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
569 {
570 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
571 	const char *color;
572 
573 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, cpu, rsd);
574 
575 	if (total)
576 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
577 
578 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
579 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all L1-icache accesses", ratio);
580 }
581 
582 static void print_dtlb_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
583 				    int cpu, double avg,
584 				    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
585 				    struct runtime_stat *st,
586 				    struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
587 {
588 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
589 	const char *color;
590 
591 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, cpu, rsd);
592 
593 	if (total)
594 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
595 
596 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
597 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all dTLB cache accesses", ratio);
598 }
599 
600 static void print_itlb_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
601 				    int cpu, double avg,
602 				    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
603 				    struct runtime_stat *st,
604 				    struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
605 {
606 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
607 	const char *color;
608 
609 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, cpu, rsd);
610 
611 	if (total)
612 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
613 
614 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
615 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all iTLB cache accesses", ratio);
616 }
617 
618 static void print_ll_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
619 				  int cpu, double avg,
620 				  struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
621 				  struct runtime_stat *st,
622 				  struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
623 {
624 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
625 	const char *color;
626 
627 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, cpu, rsd);
628 
629 	if (total)
630 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
631 
632 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
633 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all LL-cache accesses", ratio);
634 }
635 
636 /*
637  * High level "TopDown" CPU core pipe line bottleneck break down.
638  *
639  * Basic concept following
640  * Yasin, A Top Down Method for Performance analysis and Counter architecture
641  * ISPASS14
642  *
643  * The CPU pipeline is divided into 4 areas that can be bottlenecks:
644  *
645  * Frontend -> Backend -> Retiring
646  * BadSpeculation in addition means out of order execution that is thrown away
647  * (for example branch mispredictions)
648  * Frontend is instruction decoding.
649  * Backend is execution, like computation and accessing data in memory
650  * Retiring is good execution that is not directly bottlenecked
651  *
652  * The formulas are computed in slots.
653  * A slot is an entry in the pipeline each for the pipeline width
654  * (for example a 4-wide pipeline has 4 slots for each cycle)
655  *
656  * Formulas:
657  * BadSpeculation = ((SlotsIssued - SlotsRetired) + RecoveryBubbles) /
658  *			TotalSlots
659  * Retiring = SlotsRetired / TotalSlots
660  * FrontendBound = FetchBubbles / TotalSlots
661  * BackendBound = 1.0 - BadSpeculation - Retiring - FrontendBound
662  *
663  * The kernel provides the mapping to the low level CPU events and any scaling
664  * needed for the CPU pipeline width, for example:
665  *
666  * TotalSlots = Cycles * 4
667  *
668  * The scaling factor is communicated in the sysfs unit.
669  *
670  * In some cases the CPU may not be able to measure all the formulas due to
671  * missing events. In this case multiple formulas are combined, as possible.
672  *
673  * Full TopDown supports more levels to sub-divide each area: for example
674  * BackendBound into computing bound and memory bound. For now we only
675  * support Level 1 TopDown.
676  */
677 
678 static double sanitize_val(double x)
679 {
680 	if (x < 0 && x >= -0.02)
681 		return 0.0;
682 	return x;
683 }
684 
685 static double td_total_slots(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st,
686 			     struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
687 {
688 	return runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS, cpu, rsd);
689 }
690 
691 static double td_bad_spec(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st,
692 			  struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
693 {
694 	double bad_spec = 0;
695 	double total_slots;
696 	double total;
697 
698 	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED, cpu, rsd) -
699 		runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED, cpu, rsd) +
700 		runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES, cpu, rsd);
701 
702 	total_slots = td_total_slots(cpu, st, rsd);
703 	if (total_slots)
704 		bad_spec = total / total_slots;
705 	return sanitize_val(bad_spec);
706 }
707 
708 static double td_retiring(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st,
709 			  struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
710 {
711 	double retiring = 0;
712 	double total_slots = td_total_slots(cpu, st, rsd);
713 	double ret_slots = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED,
714 					    cpu, rsd);
715 
716 	if (total_slots)
717 		retiring = ret_slots / total_slots;
718 	return retiring;
719 }
720 
721 static double td_fe_bound(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st,
722 			  struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
723 {
724 	double fe_bound = 0;
725 	double total_slots = td_total_slots(cpu, st, rsd);
726 	double fetch_bub = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES,
727 					    cpu, rsd);
728 
729 	if (total_slots)
730 		fe_bound = fetch_bub / total_slots;
731 	return fe_bound;
732 }
733 
734 static double td_be_bound(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st,
735 			  struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
736 {
737 	double sum = (td_fe_bound(cpu, st, rsd) +
738 		      td_bad_spec(cpu, st, rsd) +
739 		      td_retiring(cpu, st, rsd));
740 	if (sum == 0)
741 		return 0;
742 	return sanitize_val(1.0 - sum);
743 }
744 
745 /*
746  * Kernel reports metrics multiplied with slots. To get back
747  * the ratios we need to recreate the sum.
748  */
749 
750 static double td_metric_ratio(int cpu, enum stat_type type,
751 			      struct runtime_stat *stat,
752 			      struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
753 {
754 	double sum = runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, cpu, rsd) +
755 		runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, cpu, rsd) +
756 		runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, cpu, rsd) +
757 		runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, cpu, rsd);
758 	double d = runtime_stat_avg(stat, type, cpu, rsd);
759 
760 	if (sum)
761 		return d / sum;
762 	return 0;
763 }
764 
765 /*
766  * ... but only if most of the values are actually available.
767  * We allow two missing.
768  */
769 
770 static bool full_td(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *stat,
771 		    struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
772 {
773 	int c = 0;
774 
775 	if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, cpu, rsd) > 0)
776 		c++;
777 	if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, cpu, rsd) > 0)
778 		c++;
779 	if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, cpu, rsd) > 0)
780 		c++;
781 	if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, cpu, rsd) > 0)
782 		c++;
783 	return c >= 2;
784 }
785 
786 static void print_smi_cost(struct perf_stat_config *config, int cpu,
787 			   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
788 			   struct runtime_stat *st,
789 			   struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
790 {
791 	double smi_num, aperf, cycles, cost = 0.0;
792 	const char *color = NULL;
793 
794 	smi_num = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_SMI_NUM, cpu, rsd);
795 	aperf = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_APERF, cpu, rsd);
796 	cycles = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, rsd);
797 
798 	if ((cycles == 0) || (aperf == 0))
799 		return;
800 
801 	if (smi_num)
802 		cost = (aperf - cycles) / aperf * 100.00;
803 
804 	if (cost > 10)
805 		color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
806 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%8.1f%%", "SMI cycles%", cost);
807 	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, NULL, "%4.0f", "SMI#", smi_num);
808 }
809 
810 static int prepare_metric(struct evsel **metric_events,
811 			  struct metric_ref *metric_refs,
812 			  struct expr_parse_ctx *pctx,
813 			  int cpu,
814 			  struct runtime_stat *st)
815 {
816 	double scale;
817 	char *n, *pn;
818 	int i, j, ret;
819 
820 	expr__ctx_init(pctx);
821 	for (i = 0; metric_events[i]; i++) {
822 		struct saved_value *v;
823 		struct stats *stats;
824 		u64 metric_total = 0;
825 
826 		if (!strcmp(metric_events[i]->name, "duration_time")) {
827 			stats = &walltime_nsecs_stats;
828 			scale = 1e-9;
829 		} else {
830 			v = saved_value_lookup(metric_events[i], cpu, false,
831 					       STAT_NONE, 0, st,
832 					       metric_events[i]->cgrp);
833 			if (!v)
834 				break;
835 			stats = &v->stats;
836 			scale = 1.0;
837 
838 			if (v->metric_other)
839 				metric_total = v->metric_total;
840 		}
841 
842 		n = strdup(metric_events[i]->name);
843 		if (!n)
844 			return -ENOMEM;
845 		/*
846 		 * This display code with --no-merge adds [cpu] postfixes.
847 		 * These are not supported by the parser. Remove everything
848 		 * after the space.
849 		 */
850 		pn = strchr(n, ' ');
851 		if (pn)
852 			*pn = 0;
853 
854 		if (metric_total)
855 			expr__add_id_val(pctx, n, metric_total);
856 		else
857 			expr__add_id_val(pctx, n, avg_stats(stats)*scale);
858 	}
859 
860 	for (j = 0; metric_refs && metric_refs[j].metric_name; j++) {
861 		ret = expr__add_ref(pctx, &metric_refs[j]);
862 		if (ret)
863 			return ret;
864 	}
865 
866 	return i;
867 }
868 
869 static void generic_metric(struct perf_stat_config *config,
870 			   const char *metric_expr,
871 			   struct evsel **metric_events,
872 			   struct metric_ref *metric_refs,
873 			   char *name,
874 			   const char *metric_name,
875 			   const char *metric_unit,
876 			   int runtime,
877 			   int cpu,
878 			   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
879 			   struct runtime_stat *st)
880 {
881 	print_metric_t print_metric = out->print_metric;
882 	struct expr_parse_ctx pctx;
883 	double ratio, scale;
884 	int i;
885 	void *ctxp = out->ctx;
886 
887 	i = prepare_metric(metric_events, metric_refs, &pctx, cpu, st);
888 	if (i < 0)
889 		return;
890 
891 	if (!metric_events[i]) {
892 		if (expr__parse(&ratio, &pctx, metric_expr, runtime) == 0) {
893 			char *unit;
894 			char metric_bf[64];
895 
896 			if (metric_unit && metric_name) {
897 				if (perf_pmu__convert_scale(metric_unit,
898 					&unit, &scale) >= 0) {
899 					ratio *= scale;
900 				}
901 				if (strstr(metric_expr, "?"))
902 					scnprintf(metric_bf, sizeof(metric_bf),
903 					  "%s  %s_%d", unit, metric_name, runtime);
904 				else
905 					scnprintf(metric_bf, sizeof(metric_bf),
906 					  "%s  %s", unit, metric_name);
907 
908 				print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.1f",
909 					     metric_bf, ratio);
910 			} else {
911 				print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.2f",
912 					metric_name ?
913 					metric_name :
914 					out->force_header ?  name : "",
915 					ratio);
916 			}
917 		} else {
918 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL,
919 				     out->force_header ?
920 				     (metric_name ? metric_name : name) : "", 0);
921 		}
922 	} else {
923 		print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL,
924 			     out->force_header ?
925 			     (metric_name ? metric_name : name) : "", 0);
926 	}
927 
928 	expr__ctx_clear(&pctx);
929 }
930 
931 double test_generic_metric(struct metric_expr *mexp, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
932 {
933 	struct expr_parse_ctx pctx;
934 	double ratio = 0.0;
935 
936 	if (prepare_metric(mexp->metric_events, mexp->metric_refs, &pctx, cpu, st) < 0)
937 		goto out;
938 
939 	if (expr__parse(&ratio, &pctx, mexp->metric_expr, 1))
940 		ratio = 0.0;
941 
942 out:
943 	expr__ctx_clear(&pctx);
944 	return ratio;
945 }
946 
947 void perf_stat__print_shadow_stats(struct perf_stat_config *config,
948 				   struct evsel *evsel,
949 				   double avg, int cpu,
950 				   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
951 				   struct rblist *metric_events,
952 				   struct runtime_stat *st)
953 {
954 	void *ctxp = out->ctx;
955 	print_metric_t print_metric = out->print_metric;
956 	double total, ratio = 0.0, total2;
957 	const char *color = NULL;
958 	struct runtime_stat_data rsd = {
959 		.ctx = evsel_context(evsel),
960 		.cgrp = evsel->cgrp,
961 	};
962 	struct metric_event *me;
963 	int num = 1;
964 
965 	if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_INSTRUCTIONS)) {
966 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, &rsd);
967 
968 		if (total) {
969 			ratio = avg / total;
970 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
971 					"insn per cycle", ratio);
972 		} else {
973 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "insn per cycle", 0);
974 		}
975 
976 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONT, cpu, &rsd);
977 
978 		total = max(total, runtime_stat_avg(st,
979 						    STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_BACK,
980 						    cpu, &rsd));
981 
982 		if (total && avg) {
983 			out->new_line(config, ctxp);
984 			ratio = total / avg;
985 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
986 					"stalled cycles per insn",
987 					ratio);
988 		}
989 	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_MISSES)) {
990 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_BRANCHES, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
991 			print_branch_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
992 		else
993 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all branches", 0);
994 	} else if (
995 		evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
996 		evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
997 					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
998 					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
999 
1000 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1001 			print_l1_dcache_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1002 		else
1003 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all L1-dcache accesses", 0);
1004 	} else if (
1005 		evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
1006 		evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I |
1007 					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
1008 					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
1009 
1010 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1011 			print_l1_icache_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1012 		else
1013 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all L1-icache accesses", 0);
1014 	} else if (
1015 		evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
1016 		evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB |
1017 					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
1018 					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
1019 
1020 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1021 			print_dtlb_cache_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1022 		else
1023 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all dTLB cache accesses", 0);
1024 	} else if (
1025 		evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
1026 		evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB |
1027 					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
1028 					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
1029 
1030 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1031 			print_itlb_cache_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1032 		else
1033 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all iTLB cache accesses", 0);
1034 	} else if (
1035 		evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
1036 		evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL |
1037 					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
1038 					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
1039 
1040 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1041 			print_ll_cache_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1042 		else
1043 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all LL-cache accesses", 0);
1044 	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_MISSES)) {
1045 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, cpu, &rsd);
1046 
1047 		if (total)
1048 			ratio = avg * 100 / total;
1049 
1050 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1051 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f %%",
1052 				     "of all cache refs", ratio);
1053 		else
1054 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all cache refs", 0);
1055 	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND)) {
1056 		print_stalled_cycles_frontend(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1057 	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND)) {
1058 		print_stalled_cycles_backend(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1059 	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES)) {
1060 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_NSECS, cpu, &rsd);
1061 
1062 		if (total) {
1063 			ratio = avg / total;
1064 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", "GHz", ratio);
1065 		} else {
1066 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "Ghz", 0);
1067 		}
1068 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, CYCLES_IN_TX)) {
1069 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, &rsd);
1070 
1071 		if (total)
1072 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL,
1073 					"%7.2f%%", "transactional cycles",
1074 					100.0 * (avg / total));
1075 		else
1076 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "transactional cycles",
1077 				     0);
1078 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, CYCLES_IN_TX_CP)) {
1079 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, &rsd);
1080 		total2 = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, cpu, &rsd);
1081 
1082 		if (total2 < avg)
1083 			total2 = avg;
1084 		if (total)
1085 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f%%", "aborted cycles",
1086 				100.0 * ((total2-avg) / total));
1087 		else
1088 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "aborted cycles", 0);
1089 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TRANSACTION_START)) {
1090 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, cpu, &rsd);
1091 
1092 		if (avg)
1093 			ratio = total / avg;
1094 
1095 		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1096 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.0f",
1097 				     "cycles / transaction", ratio);
1098 		else
1099 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "cycles / transaction",
1100 				      0);
1101 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, ELISION_START)) {
1102 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, cpu, &rsd);
1103 
1104 		if (avg)
1105 			ratio = total / avg;
1106 
1107 		print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.0f", "cycles / elision", ratio);
1108 	} else if (evsel__is_clock(evsel)) {
1109 		if ((ratio = avg_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats)) != 0)
1110 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", "CPUs utilized",
1111 				     avg / (ratio * evsel->scale));
1112 		else
1113 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "CPUs utilized", 0);
1114 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES)) {
1115 		double fe_bound = td_fe_bound(cpu, st, &rsd);
1116 
1117 		if (fe_bound > 0.2)
1118 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1119 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "frontend bound",
1120 				fe_bound * 100.);
1121 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED)) {
1122 		double retiring = td_retiring(cpu, st, &rsd);
1123 
1124 		if (retiring > 0.7)
1125 			color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
1126 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "retiring",
1127 				retiring * 100.);
1128 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES)) {
1129 		double bad_spec = td_bad_spec(cpu, st, &rsd);
1130 
1131 		if (bad_spec > 0.1)
1132 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1133 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "bad speculation",
1134 				bad_spec * 100.);
1135 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED)) {
1136 		double be_bound = td_be_bound(cpu, st, &rsd);
1137 		const char *name = "backend bound";
1138 		static int have_recovery_bubbles = -1;
1139 
1140 		/* In case the CPU does not support topdown-recovery-bubbles */
1141 		if (have_recovery_bubbles < 0)
1142 			have_recovery_bubbles = pmu_have_event("cpu",
1143 					"topdown-recovery-bubbles");
1144 		if (!have_recovery_bubbles)
1145 			name = "backend bound/bad spec";
1146 
1147 		if (be_bound > 0.2)
1148 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1149 		if (td_total_slots(cpu, st, &rsd) > 0)
1150 			print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", name,
1151 					be_bound * 100.);
1152 		else
1153 			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, name, 0);
1154 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_RETIRING) &&
1155 		   full_td(cpu, st, &rsd)) {
1156 		double retiring = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1157 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, st,
1158 						  &rsd);
1159 		if (retiring > 0.7)
1160 			color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
1161 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "retiring",
1162 				retiring * 100.);
1163 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND) &&
1164 		   full_td(cpu, st, &rsd)) {
1165 		double fe_bound = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1166 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, st,
1167 						  &rsd);
1168 		if (fe_bound > 0.2)
1169 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1170 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "frontend bound",
1171 				fe_bound * 100.);
1172 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND) &&
1173 		   full_td(cpu, st, &rsd)) {
1174 		double be_bound = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1175 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, st,
1176 						  &rsd);
1177 		if (be_bound > 0.2)
1178 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1179 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "backend bound",
1180 				be_bound * 100.);
1181 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC) &&
1182 		   full_td(cpu, st, &rsd)) {
1183 		double bad_spec = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1184 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, st,
1185 						  &rsd);
1186 		if (bad_spec > 0.1)
1187 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1188 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "bad speculation",
1189 				bad_spec * 100.);
1190 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_HEAVY_OPS) &&
1191 			full_td(cpu, st, &rsd) && (config->topdown_level > 1)) {
1192 		double retiring = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1193 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, st,
1194 						  &rsd);
1195 		double heavy_ops = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1196 						   STAT_TOPDOWN_HEAVY_OPS, st,
1197 						   &rsd);
1198 		double light_ops = retiring - heavy_ops;
1199 
1200 		if (retiring > 0.7 && heavy_ops > 0.1)
1201 			color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
1202 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "heavy operations",
1203 				heavy_ops * 100.);
1204 		if (retiring > 0.7 && light_ops > 0.6)
1205 			color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
1206 		else
1207 			color = NULL;
1208 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "light operations",
1209 				light_ops * 100.);
1210 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_BR_MISPREDICT) &&
1211 			full_td(cpu, st, &rsd) && (config->topdown_level > 1)) {
1212 		double bad_spec = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1213 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, st,
1214 						  &rsd);
1215 		double br_mis = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1216 						STAT_TOPDOWN_BR_MISPREDICT, st,
1217 						&rsd);
1218 		double m_clears = bad_spec - br_mis;
1219 
1220 		if (bad_spec > 0.1 && br_mis > 0.05)
1221 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1222 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "branch mispredict",
1223 				br_mis * 100.);
1224 		if (bad_spec > 0.1 && m_clears > 0.05)
1225 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1226 		else
1227 			color = NULL;
1228 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "machine clears",
1229 				m_clears * 100.);
1230 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_FETCH_LAT) &&
1231 			full_td(cpu, st, &rsd) && (config->topdown_level > 1)) {
1232 		double fe_bound = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1233 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, st,
1234 						  &rsd);
1235 		double fetch_lat = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1236 						   STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_LAT, st,
1237 						   &rsd);
1238 		double fetch_bw = fe_bound - fetch_lat;
1239 
1240 		if (fe_bound > 0.2 && fetch_lat > 0.15)
1241 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1242 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "fetch latency",
1243 				fetch_lat * 100.);
1244 		if (fe_bound > 0.2 && fetch_bw > 0.1)
1245 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1246 		else
1247 			color = NULL;
1248 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "fetch bandwidth",
1249 				fetch_bw * 100.);
1250 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_MEM_BOUND) &&
1251 			full_td(cpu, st, &rsd) && (config->topdown_level > 1)) {
1252 		double be_bound = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1253 						  STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, st,
1254 						  &rsd);
1255 		double mem_bound = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1256 						   STAT_TOPDOWN_MEM_BOUND, st,
1257 						   &rsd);
1258 		double core_bound = be_bound - mem_bound;
1259 
1260 		if (be_bound > 0.2 && mem_bound > 0.2)
1261 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1262 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "memory bound",
1263 				mem_bound * 100.);
1264 		if (be_bound > 0.2 && core_bound > 0.1)
1265 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1266 		else
1267 			color = NULL;
1268 		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "Core bound",
1269 				core_bound * 100.);
1270 	} else if (evsel->metric_expr) {
1271 		generic_metric(config, evsel->metric_expr, evsel->metric_events, NULL,
1272 				evsel->name, evsel->metric_name, NULL, 1, cpu, out, st);
1273 	} else if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_NSECS, cpu, &rsd) != 0) {
1274 		char unit = ' ';
1275 		char unit_buf[10] = "/sec";
1276 
1277 		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_NSECS, cpu, &rsd);
1278 		if (total)
1279 			ratio = convert_unit_double(1000000000.0 * avg / total, &unit);
1280 
1281 		if (unit != ' ')
1282 			snprintf(unit_buf, sizeof(unit_buf), "%c/sec", unit);
1283 		print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", unit_buf, ratio);
1284 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, SMI_NUM)) {
1285 		print_smi_cost(config, cpu, out, st, &rsd);
1286 	} else {
1287 		num = 0;
1288 	}
1289 
1290 	if ((me = metricgroup__lookup(metric_events, evsel, false)) != NULL) {
1291 		struct metric_expr *mexp;
1292 
1293 		list_for_each_entry (mexp, &me->head, nd) {
1294 			if (num++ > 0)
1295 				out->new_line(config, ctxp);
1296 			generic_metric(config, mexp->metric_expr, mexp->metric_events,
1297 					mexp->metric_refs, evsel->name, mexp->metric_name,
1298 					mexp->metric_unit, mexp->runtime, cpu, out, st);
1299 		}
1300 	}
1301 	if (num == 0)
1302 		print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
1303 }
1304