xref: /openbmc/linux/tools/perf/util/parse-events.c (revision e8e0929d)
1 
2 #include "util.h"
3 #include "../perf.h"
4 #include "parse-options.h"
5 #include "parse-events.h"
6 #include "exec_cmd.h"
7 #include "string.h"
8 #include "cache.h"
9 #include "header.h"
10 
11 int					nr_counters;
12 
13 struct perf_event_attr		attrs[MAX_COUNTERS];
14 
15 struct event_symbol {
16 	u8		type;
17 	u64		config;
18 	const char	*symbol;
19 	const char	*alias;
20 };
21 
22 enum event_result {
23 	EVT_FAILED,
24 	EVT_HANDLED,
25 	EVT_HANDLED_ALL
26 };
27 
28 char debugfs_path[MAXPATHLEN];
29 
30 #define CHW(x) .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_##x
31 #define CSW(x) .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_##x
32 
33 static struct event_symbol event_symbols[] = {
34   { CHW(CPU_CYCLES),		"cpu-cycles",		"cycles"	},
35   { CHW(INSTRUCTIONS),		"instructions",		""		},
36   { CHW(CACHE_REFERENCES),	"cache-references",	""		},
37   { CHW(CACHE_MISSES),		"cache-misses",		""		},
38   { CHW(BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS),	"branch-instructions",	"branches"	},
39   { CHW(BRANCH_MISSES),		"branch-misses",	""		},
40   { CHW(BUS_CYCLES),		"bus-cycles",		""		},
41 
42   { CSW(CPU_CLOCK),		"cpu-clock",		""		},
43   { CSW(TASK_CLOCK),		"task-clock",		""		},
44   { CSW(PAGE_FAULTS),		"page-faults",		"faults"	},
45   { CSW(PAGE_FAULTS_MIN),	"minor-faults",		""		},
46   { CSW(PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ),	"major-faults",		""		},
47   { CSW(CONTEXT_SWITCHES),	"context-switches",	"cs"		},
48   { CSW(CPU_MIGRATIONS),	"cpu-migrations",	"migrations"	},
49 };
50 
51 #define __PERF_EVENT_FIELD(config, name) \
52 	((config & PERF_EVENT_##name##_MASK) >> PERF_EVENT_##name##_SHIFT)
53 
54 #define PERF_EVENT_RAW(config)	__PERF_EVENT_FIELD(config, RAW)
55 #define PERF_EVENT_CONFIG(config)	__PERF_EVENT_FIELD(config, CONFIG)
56 #define PERF_EVENT_TYPE(config)	__PERF_EVENT_FIELD(config, TYPE)
57 #define PERF_EVENT_ID(config)		__PERF_EVENT_FIELD(config, EVENT)
58 
59 static const char *hw_event_names[] = {
60 	"cycles",
61 	"instructions",
62 	"cache-references",
63 	"cache-misses",
64 	"branches",
65 	"branch-misses",
66 	"bus-cycles",
67 };
68 
69 static const char *sw_event_names[] = {
70 	"cpu-clock-msecs",
71 	"task-clock-msecs",
72 	"page-faults",
73 	"context-switches",
74 	"CPU-migrations",
75 	"minor-faults",
76 	"major-faults",
77 };
78 
79 #define MAX_ALIASES 8
80 
81 static const char *hw_cache[][MAX_ALIASES] = {
82  { "L1-dcache",	"l1-d",		"l1d",		"L1-data",		},
83  { "L1-icache",	"l1-i",		"l1i",		"L1-instruction",	},
84  { "LLC",	"L2"							},
85  { "dTLB",	"d-tlb",	"Data-TLB",				},
86  { "iTLB",	"i-tlb",	"Instruction-TLB",			},
87  { "branch",	"branches",	"bpu",		"btb",		"bpc",	},
88 };
89 
90 static const char *hw_cache_op[][MAX_ALIASES] = {
91  { "load",	"loads",	"read",					},
92  { "store",	"stores",	"write",				},
93  { "prefetch",	"prefetches",	"speculative-read", "speculative-load",	},
94 };
95 
96 static const char *hw_cache_result[][MAX_ALIASES] = {
97  { "refs",	"Reference",	"ops",		"access",		},
98  { "misses",	"miss",							},
99 };
100 
101 #define C(x)		PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_##x
102 #define CACHE_READ	(1 << C(OP_READ))
103 #define CACHE_WRITE	(1 << C(OP_WRITE))
104 #define CACHE_PREFETCH	(1 << C(OP_PREFETCH))
105 #define COP(x)		(1 << x)
106 
107 /*
108  * cache operartion stat
109  * L1I : Read and prefetch only
110  * ITLB and BPU : Read-only
111  */
112 static unsigned long hw_cache_stat[C(MAX)] = {
113  [C(L1D)]	= (CACHE_READ | CACHE_WRITE | CACHE_PREFETCH),
114  [C(L1I)]	= (CACHE_READ | CACHE_PREFETCH),
115  [C(LL)]	= (CACHE_READ | CACHE_WRITE | CACHE_PREFETCH),
116  [C(DTLB)]	= (CACHE_READ | CACHE_WRITE | CACHE_PREFETCH),
117  [C(ITLB)]	= (CACHE_READ),
118  [C(BPU)]	= (CACHE_READ),
119 };
120 
121 #define for_each_subsystem(sys_dir, sys_dirent, sys_next)	       \
122 	while (!readdir_r(sys_dir, &sys_dirent, &sys_next) && sys_next)	       \
123 	if (sys_dirent.d_type == DT_DIR &&				       \
124 	   (strcmp(sys_dirent.d_name, ".")) &&				       \
125 	   (strcmp(sys_dirent.d_name, "..")))
126 
127 static int tp_event_has_id(struct dirent *sys_dir, struct dirent *evt_dir)
128 {
129 	char evt_path[MAXPATHLEN];
130 	int fd;
131 
132 	snprintf(evt_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s/%s/id", debugfs_path,
133 			sys_dir->d_name, evt_dir->d_name);
134 	fd = open(evt_path, O_RDONLY);
135 	if (fd < 0)
136 		return -EINVAL;
137 	close(fd);
138 
139 	return 0;
140 }
141 
142 #define for_each_event(sys_dirent, evt_dir, evt_dirent, evt_next)	       \
143 	while (!readdir_r(evt_dir, &evt_dirent, &evt_next) && evt_next)        \
144 	if (evt_dirent.d_type == DT_DIR &&				       \
145 	   (strcmp(evt_dirent.d_name, ".")) &&				       \
146 	   (strcmp(evt_dirent.d_name, "..")) &&				       \
147 	   (!tp_event_has_id(&sys_dirent, &evt_dirent)))
148 
149 #define MAX_EVENT_LENGTH 512
150 
151 int valid_debugfs_mount(const char *debugfs)
152 {
153 	struct statfs st_fs;
154 
155 	if (statfs(debugfs, &st_fs) < 0)
156 		return -ENOENT;
157 	else if (st_fs.f_type != (long) DEBUGFS_MAGIC)
158 		return -ENOENT;
159 	return 0;
160 }
161 
162 struct tracepoint_path *tracepoint_id_to_path(u64 config)
163 {
164 	struct tracepoint_path *path = NULL;
165 	DIR *sys_dir, *evt_dir;
166 	struct dirent *sys_next, *evt_next, sys_dirent, evt_dirent;
167 	char id_buf[4];
168 	int fd;
169 	u64 id;
170 	char evt_path[MAXPATHLEN];
171 	char dir_path[MAXPATHLEN];
172 
173 	if (valid_debugfs_mount(debugfs_path))
174 		return NULL;
175 
176 	sys_dir = opendir(debugfs_path);
177 	if (!sys_dir)
178 		return NULL;
179 
180 	for_each_subsystem(sys_dir, sys_dirent, sys_next) {
181 
182 		snprintf(dir_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", debugfs_path,
183 			 sys_dirent.d_name);
184 		evt_dir = opendir(dir_path);
185 		if (!evt_dir)
186 			continue;
187 
188 		for_each_event(sys_dirent, evt_dir, evt_dirent, evt_next) {
189 
190 			snprintf(evt_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s/id", dir_path,
191 				 evt_dirent.d_name);
192 			fd = open(evt_path, O_RDONLY);
193 			if (fd < 0)
194 				continue;
195 			if (read(fd, id_buf, sizeof(id_buf)) < 0) {
196 				close(fd);
197 				continue;
198 			}
199 			close(fd);
200 			id = atoll(id_buf);
201 			if (id == config) {
202 				closedir(evt_dir);
203 				closedir(sys_dir);
204 				path = calloc(1, sizeof(path));
205 				path->system = malloc(MAX_EVENT_LENGTH);
206 				if (!path->system) {
207 					free(path);
208 					return NULL;
209 				}
210 				path->name = malloc(MAX_EVENT_LENGTH);
211 				if (!path->name) {
212 					free(path->system);
213 					free(path);
214 					return NULL;
215 				}
216 				strncpy(path->system, sys_dirent.d_name,
217 					MAX_EVENT_LENGTH);
218 				strncpy(path->name, evt_dirent.d_name,
219 					MAX_EVENT_LENGTH);
220 				return path;
221 			}
222 		}
223 		closedir(evt_dir);
224 	}
225 
226 	closedir(sys_dir);
227 	return NULL;
228 }
229 
230 #define TP_PATH_LEN (MAX_EVENT_LENGTH * 2 + 1)
231 static const char *tracepoint_id_to_name(u64 config)
232 {
233 	static char buf[TP_PATH_LEN];
234 	struct tracepoint_path *path;
235 
236 	path = tracepoint_id_to_path(config);
237 	if (path) {
238 		snprintf(buf, TP_PATH_LEN, "%s:%s", path->system, path->name);
239 		free(path->name);
240 		free(path->system);
241 		free(path);
242 	} else
243 		snprintf(buf, TP_PATH_LEN, "%s:%s", "unknown", "unknown");
244 
245 	return buf;
246 }
247 
248 static int is_cache_op_valid(u8 cache_type, u8 cache_op)
249 {
250 	if (hw_cache_stat[cache_type] & COP(cache_op))
251 		return 1;	/* valid */
252 	else
253 		return 0;	/* invalid */
254 }
255 
256 static char *event_cache_name(u8 cache_type, u8 cache_op, u8 cache_result)
257 {
258 	static char name[50];
259 
260 	if (cache_result) {
261 		sprintf(name, "%s-%s-%s", hw_cache[cache_type][0],
262 			hw_cache_op[cache_op][0],
263 			hw_cache_result[cache_result][0]);
264 	} else {
265 		sprintf(name, "%s-%s", hw_cache[cache_type][0],
266 			hw_cache_op[cache_op][1]);
267 	}
268 
269 	return name;
270 }
271 
272 const char *event_name(int counter)
273 {
274 	u64 config = attrs[counter].config;
275 	int type = attrs[counter].type;
276 
277 	return __event_name(type, config);
278 }
279 
280 const char *__event_name(int type, u64 config)
281 {
282 	static char buf[32];
283 
284 	if (type == PERF_TYPE_RAW) {
285 		sprintf(buf, "raw 0x%llx", config);
286 		return buf;
287 	}
288 
289 	switch (type) {
290 	case PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE:
291 		if (config < PERF_COUNT_HW_MAX)
292 			return hw_event_names[config];
293 		return "unknown-hardware";
294 
295 	case PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE: {
296 		u8 cache_type, cache_op, cache_result;
297 
298 		cache_type   = (config >>  0) & 0xff;
299 		if (cache_type > PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MAX)
300 			return "unknown-ext-hardware-cache-type";
301 
302 		cache_op     = (config >>  8) & 0xff;
303 		if (cache_op > PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_MAX)
304 			return "unknown-ext-hardware-cache-op";
305 
306 		cache_result = (config >> 16) & 0xff;
307 		if (cache_result > PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MAX)
308 			return "unknown-ext-hardware-cache-result";
309 
310 		if (!is_cache_op_valid(cache_type, cache_op))
311 			return "invalid-cache";
312 
313 		return event_cache_name(cache_type, cache_op, cache_result);
314 	}
315 
316 	case PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE:
317 		if (config < PERF_COUNT_SW_MAX)
318 			return sw_event_names[config];
319 		return "unknown-software";
320 
321 	case PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT:
322 		return tracepoint_id_to_name(config);
323 
324 	default:
325 		break;
326 	}
327 
328 	return "unknown";
329 }
330 
331 static int parse_aliases(const char **str, const char *names[][MAX_ALIASES], int size)
332 {
333 	int i, j;
334 	int n, longest = -1;
335 
336 	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
337 		for (j = 0; j < MAX_ALIASES && names[i][j]; j++) {
338 			n = strlen(names[i][j]);
339 			if (n > longest && !strncasecmp(*str, names[i][j], n))
340 				longest = n;
341 		}
342 		if (longest > 0) {
343 			*str += longest;
344 			return i;
345 		}
346 	}
347 
348 	return -1;
349 }
350 
351 static enum event_result
352 parse_generic_hw_event(const char **str, struct perf_event_attr *attr)
353 {
354 	const char *s = *str;
355 	int cache_type = -1, cache_op = -1, cache_result = -1;
356 
357 	cache_type = parse_aliases(&s, hw_cache, PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MAX);
358 	/*
359 	 * No fallback - if we cannot get a clear cache type
360 	 * then bail out:
361 	 */
362 	if (cache_type == -1)
363 		return EVT_FAILED;
364 
365 	while ((cache_op == -1 || cache_result == -1) && *s == '-') {
366 		++s;
367 
368 		if (cache_op == -1) {
369 			cache_op = parse_aliases(&s, hw_cache_op,
370 						PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_MAX);
371 			if (cache_op >= 0) {
372 				if (!is_cache_op_valid(cache_type, cache_op))
373 					return 0;
374 				continue;
375 			}
376 		}
377 
378 		if (cache_result == -1) {
379 			cache_result = parse_aliases(&s, hw_cache_result,
380 						PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MAX);
381 			if (cache_result >= 0)
382 				continue;
383 		}
384 
385 		/*
386 		 * Can't parse this as a cache op or result, so back up
387 		 * to the '-'.
388 		 */
389 		--s;
390 		break;
391 	}
392 
393 	/*
394 	 * Fall back to reads:
395 	 */
396 	if (cache_op == -1)
397 		cache_op = PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ;
398 
399 	/*
400 	 * Fall back to accesses:
401 	 */
402 	if (cache_result == -1)
403 		cache_result = PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS;
404 
405 	attr->config = cache_type | (cache_op << 8) | (cache_result << 16);
406 	attr->type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE;
407 
408 	*str = s;
409 	return EVT_HANDLED;
410 }
411 
412 static enum event_result
413 parse_single_tracepoint_event(char *sys_name,
414 			      const char *evt_name,
415 			      unsigned int evt_length,
416 			      char *flags,
417 			      struct perf_event_attr *attr,
418 			      const char **strp)
419 {
420 	char evt_path[MAXPATHLEN];
421 	char id_buf[4];
422 	u64 id;
423 	int fd;
424 
425 	if (flags) {
426 		if (!strncmp(flags, "record", strlen(flags))) {
427 			attr->sample_type |= PERF_SAMPLE_RAW;
428 			attr->sample_type |= PERF_SAMPLE_TIME;
429 			attr->sample_type |= PERF_SAMPLE_CPU;
430 		}
431 	}
432 
433 	snprintf(evt_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s/%s/id", debugfs_path,
434 		 sys_name, evt_name);
435 
436 	fd = open(evt_path, O_RDONLY);
437 	if (fd < 0)
438 		return EVT_FAILED;
439 
440 	if (read(fd, id_buf, sizeof(id_buf)) < 0) {
441 		close(fd);
442 		return EVT_FAILED;
443 	}
444 
445 	close(fd);
446 	id = atoll(id_buf);
447 	attr->config = id;
448 	attr->type = PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT;
449 	*strp = evt_name + evt_length;
450 
451 	return EVT_HANDLED;
452 }
453 
454 /* sys + ':' + event + ':' + flags*/
455 #define MAX_EVOPT_LEN	(MAX_EVENT_LENGTH * 2 + 2 + 128)
456 static enum event_result
457 parse_subsystem_tracepoint_event(char *sys_name, char *flags)
458 {
459 	char evt_path[MAXPATHLEN];
460 	struct dirent *evt_ent;
461 	DIR *evt_dir;
462 
463 	snprintf(evt_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", debugfs_path, sys_name);
464 	evt_dir = opendir(evt_path);
465 
466 	if (!evt_dir) {
467 		perror("Can't open event dir");
468 		return EVT_FAILED;
469 	}
470 
471 	while ((evt_ent = readdir(evt_dir))) {
472 		char event_opt[MAX_EVOPT_LEN + 1];
473 		int len;
474 		unsigned int rem = MAX_EVOPT_LEN;
475 
476 		if (!strcmp(evt_ent->d_name, ".")
477 		    || !strcmp(evt_ent->d_name, "..")
478 		    || !strcmp(evt_ent->d_name, "enable")
479 		    || !strcmp(evt_ent->d_name, "filter"))
480 			continue;
481 
482 		len = snprintf(event_opt, MAX_EVOPT_LEN, "%s:%s", sys_name,
483 			       evt_ent->d_name);
484 		if (len < 0)
485 			return EVT_FAILED;
486 
487 		rem -= len;
488 		if (flags) {
489 			if (rem < strlen(flags) + 1)
490 				return EVT_FAILED;
491 
492 			strcat(event_opt, ":");
493 			strcat(event_opt, flags);
494 		}
495 
496 		if (parse_events(NULL, event_opt, 0))
497 			return EVT_FAILED;
498 	}
499 
500 	return EVT_HANDLED_ALL;
501 }
502 
503 
504 static enum event_result parse_tracepoint_event(const char **strp,
505 				    struct perf_event_attr *attr)
506 {
507 	const char *evt_name;
508 	char *flags;
509 	char sys_name[MAX_EVENT_LENGTH];
510 	unsigned int sys_length, evt_length;
511 
512 	if (valid_debugfs_mount(debugfs_path))
513 		return 0;
514 
515 	evt_name = strchr(*strp, ':');
516 	if (!evt_name)
517 		return EVT_FAILED;
518 
519 	sys_length = evt_name - *strp;
520 	if (sys_length >= MAX_EVENT_LENGTH)
521 		return 0;
522 
523 	strncpy(sys_name, *strp, sys_length);
524 	sys_name[sys_length] = '\0';
525 	evt_name = evt_name + 1;
526 
527 	flags = strchr(evt_name, ':');
528 	if (flags) {
529 		/* split it out: */
530 		evt_name = strndup(evt_name, flags - evt_name);
531 		flags++;
532 	}
533 
534 	evt_length = strlen(evt_name);
535 	if (evt_length >= MAX_EVENT_LENGTH)
536 		return EVT_FAILED;
537 
538 	if (!strcmp(evt_name, "*")) {
539 		*strp = evt_name + evt_length;
540 		return parse_subsystem_tracepoint_event(sys_name, flags);
541 	} else
542 		return parse_single_tracepoint_event(sys_name, evt_name,
543 						     evt_length, flags,
544 						     attr, strp);
545 }
546 
547 static int check_events(const char *str, unsigned int i)
548 {
549 	int n;
550 
551 	n = strlen(event_symbols[i].symbol);
552 	if (!strncmp(str, event_symbols[i].symbol, n))
553 		return n;
554 
555 	n = strlen(event_symbols[i].alias);
556 	if (n)
557 		if (!strncmp(str, event_symbols[i].alias, n))
558 			return n;
559 	return 0;
560 }
561 
562 static enum event_result
563 parse_symbolic_event(const char **strp, struct perf_event_attr *attr)
564 {
565 	const char *str = *strp;
566 	unsigned int i;
567 	int n;
568 
569 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(event_symbols); i++) {
570 		n = check_events(str, i);
571 		if (n > 0) {
572 			attr->type = event_symbols[i].type;
573 			attr->config = event_symbols[i].config;
574 			*strp = str + n;
575 			return EVT_HANDLED;
576 		}
577 	}
578 	return EVT_FAILED;
579 }
580 
581 static enum event_result
582 parse_raw_event(const char **strp, struct perf_event_attr *attr)
583 {
584 	const char *str = *strp;
585 	u64 config;
586 	int n;
587 
588 	if (*str != 'r')
589 		return EVT_FAILED;
590 	n = hex2u64(str + 1, &config);
591 	if (n > 0) {
592 		*strp = str + n + 1;
593 		attr->type = PERF_TYPE_RAW;
594 		attr->config = config;
595 		return EVT_HANDLED;
596 	}
597 	return EVT_FAILED;
598 }
599 
600 static enum event_result
601 parse_numeric_event(const char **strp, struct perf_event_attr *attr)
602 {
603 	const char *str = *strp;
604 	char *endp;
605 	unsigned long type;
606 	u64 config;
607 
608 	type = strtoul(str, &endp, 0);
609 	if (endp > str && type < PERF_TYPE_MAX && *endp == ':') {
610 		str = endp + 1;
611 		config = strtoul(str, &endp, 0);
612 		if (endp > str) {
613 			attr->type = type;
614 			attr->config = config;
615 			*strp = endp;
616 			return EVT_HANDLED;
617 		}
618 	}
619 	return EVT_FAILED;
620 }
621 
622 static enum event_result
623 parse_event_modifier(const char **strp, struct perf_event_attr *attr)
624 {
625 	const char *str = *strp;
626 	int eu = 1, ek = 1, eh = 1;
627 
628 	if (*str++ != ':')
629 		return 0;
630 	while (*str) {
631 		if (*str == 'u')
632 			eu = 0;
633 		else if (*str == 'k')
634 			ek = 0;
635 		else if (*str == 'h')
636 			eh = 0;
637 		else
638 			break;
639 		++str;
640 	}
641 	if (str >= *strp + 2) {
642 		*strp = str;
643 		attr->exclude_user   = eu;
644 		attr->exclude_kernel = ek;
645 		attr->exclude_hv     = eh;
646 		return 1;
647 	}
648 	return 0;
649 }
650 
651 /*
652  * Each event can have multiple symbolic names.
653  * Symbolic names are (almost) exactly matched.
654  */
655 static enum event_result
656 parse_event_symbols(const char **str, struct perf_event_attr *attr)
657 {
658 	enum event_result ret;
659 
660 	ret = parse_tracepoint_event(str, attr);
661 	if (ret != EVT_FAILED)
662 		goto modifier;
663 
664 	ret = parse_raw_event(str, attr);
665 	if (ret != EVT_FAILED)
666 		goto modifier;
667 
668 	ret = parse_numeric_event(str, attr);
669 	if (ret != EVT_FAILED)
670 		goto modifier;
671 
672 	ret = parse_symbolic_event(str, attr);
673 	if (ret != EVT_FAILED)
674 		goto modifier;
675 
676 	ret = parse_generic_hw_event(str, attr);
677 	if (ret != EVT_FAILED)
678 		goto modifier;
679 
680 	return EVT_FAILED;
681 
682 modifier:
683 	parse_event_modifier(str, attr);
684 
685 	return ret;
686 }
687 
688 static void store_event_type(const char *orgname)
689 {
690 	char filename[PATH_MAX], *c;
691 	FILE *file;
692 	int id;
693 
694 	sprintf(filename, "/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/%s/id", orgname);
695 	c = strchr(filename, ':');
696 	if (c)
697 		*c = '/';
698 
699 	file = fopen(filename, "r");
700 	if (!file)
701 		return;
702 	if (fscanf(file, "%i", &id) < 1)
703 		die("cannot store event ID");
704 	fclose(file);
705 	perf_header__push_event(id, orgname);
706 }
707 
708 
709 int parse_events(const struct option *opt __used, const char *str, int unset __used)
710 {
711 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
712 	enum event_result ret;
713 
714 	if (strchr(str, ':'))
715 		store_event_type(str);
716 
717 	for (;;) {
718 		if (nr_counters == MAX_COUNTERS)
719 			return -1;
720 
721 		memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
722 		ret = parse_event_symbols(&str, &attr);
723 		if (ret == EVT_FAILED)
724 			return -1;
725 
726 		if (!(*str == 0 || *str == ',' || isspace(*str)))
727 			return -1;
728 
729 		if (ret != EVT_HANDLED_ALL) {
730 			attrs[nr_counters] = attr;
731 			nr_counters++;
732 		}
733 
734 		if (*str == 0)
735 			break;
736 		if (*str == ',')
737 			++str;
738 		while (isspace(*str))
739 			++str;
740 	}
741 
742 	return 0;
743 }
744 
745 static const char * const event_type_descriptors[] = {
746 	"",
747 	"Hardware event",
748 	"Software event",
749 	"Tracepoint event",
750 	"Hardware cache event",
751 };
752 
753 /*
754  * Print the events from <debugfs_mount_point>/tracing/events
755  */
756 
757 static void print_tracepoint_events(void)
758 {
759 	DIR *sys_dir, *evt_dir;
760 	struct dirent *sys_next, *evt_next, sys_dirent, evt_dirent;
761 	char evt_path[MAXPATHLEN];
762 	char dir_path[MAXPATHLEN];
763 
764 	if (valid_debugfs_mount(debugfs_path))
765 		return;
766 
767 	sys_dir = opendir(debugfs_path);
768 	if (!sys_dir)
769 		return;
770 
771 	for_each_subsystem(sys_dir, sys_dirent, sys_next) {
772 
773 		snprintf(dir_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", debugfs_path,
774 			 sys_dirent.d_name);
775 		evt_dir = opendir(dir_path);
776 		if (!evt_dir)
777 			continue;
778 
779 		for_each_event(sys_dirent, evt_dir, evt_dirent, evt_next) {
780 			snprintf(evt_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s:%s",
781 				 sys_dirent.d_name, evt_dirent.d_name);
782 			fprintf(stderr, "  %-42s [%s]\n", evt_path,
783 				event_type_descriptors[PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT+1]);
784 		}
785 		closedir(evt_dir);
786 	}
787 	closedir(sys_dir);
788 }
789 
790 /*
791  * Print the help text for the event symbols:
792  */
793 void print_events(void)
794 {
795 	struct event_symbol *syms = event_symbols;
796 	unsigned int i, type, op, prev_type = -1;
797 	char name[40];
798 
799 	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
800 	fprintf(stderr, "List of pre-defined events (to be used in -e):\n");
801 
802 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(event_symbols); i++, syms++) {
803 		type = syms->type + 1;
804 		if (type >= ARRAY_SIZE(event_type_descriptors))
805 			type = 0;
806 
807 		if (type != prev_type)
808 			fprintf(stderr, "\n");
809 
810 		if (strlen(syms->alias))
811 			sprintf(name, "%s OR %s", syms->symbol, syms->alias);
812 		else
813 			strcpy(name, syms->symbol);
814 		fprintf(stderr, "  %-42s [%s]\n", name,
815 			event_type_descriptors[type]);
816 
817 		prev_type = type;
818 	}
819 
820 	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
821 	for (type = 0; type < PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MAX; type++) {
822 		for (op = 0; op < PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_MAX; op++) {
823 			/* skip invalid cache type */
824 			if (!is_cache_op_valid(type, op))
825 				continue;
826 
827 			for (i = 0; i < PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MAX; i++) {
828 				fprintf(stderr, "  %-42s [%s]\n",
829 					event_cache_name(type, op, i),
830 					event_type_descriptors[4]);
831 			}
832 		}
833 	}
834 
835 	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
836 	fprintf(stderr, "  %-42s [raw hardware event descriptor]\n",
837 		"rNNN");
838 	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
839 
840 	print_tracepoint_events();
841 
842 	exit(129);
843 }
844