xref: /openbmc/linux/tools/perf/util/parse-events.c (revision b0f85fa11aefc4f3e03306b4cd47f113bd57dcba)
1 #include <linux/hw_breakpoint.h>
2 #include <linux/err.h>
3 #include "util.h"
4 #include "../perf.h"
5 #include "evlist.h"
6 #include "evsel.h"
7 #include "parse-options.h"
8 #include "parse-events.h"
9 #include "exec_cmd.h"
10 #include "string.h"
11 #include "symbol.h"
12 #include "cache.h"
13 #include "header.h"
14 #include "bpf-loader.h"
15 #include "debug.h"
16 #include <api/fs/tracing_path.h>
17 #include "parse-events-bison.h"
18 #define YY_EXTRA_TYPE int
19 #include "parse-events-flex.h"
20 #include "pmu.h"
21 #include "thread_map.h"
22 #include "cpumap.h"
23 #include "asm/bug.h"
24 
25 #define MAX_NAME_LEN 100
26 
27 #ifdef PARSER_DEBUG
28 extern int parse_events_debug;
29 #endif
30 int parse_events_parse(void *data, void *scanner);
31 static int get_config_terms(struct list_head *head_config,
32 			    struct list_head *head_terms __maybe_unused);
33 
34 static struct perf_pmu_event_symbol *perf_pmu_events_list;
35 /*
36  * The variable indicates the number of supported pmu event symbols.
37  * 0 means not initialized and ready to init
38  * -1 means failed to init, don't try anymore
39  * >0 is the number of supported pmu event symbols
40  */
41 static int perf_pmu_events_list_num;
42 
43 struct event_symbol event_symbols_hw[PERF_COUNT_HW_MAX] = {
44 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES] = {
45 		.symbol = "cpu-cycles",
46 		.alias  = "cycles",
47 	},
48 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS] = {
49 		.symbol = "instructions",
50 		.alias  = "",
51 	},
52 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES] = {
53 		.symbol = "cache-references",
54 		.alias  = "",
55 	},
56 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES] = {
57 		.symbol = "cache-misses",
58 		.alias  = "",
59 	},
60 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS] = {
61 		.symbol = "branch-instructions",
62 		.alias  = "branches",
63 	},
64 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES] = {
65 		.symbol = "branch-misses",
66 		.alias  = "",
67 	},
68 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES] = {
69 		.symbol = "bus-cycles",
70 		.alias  = "",
71 	},
72 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND] = {
73 		.symbol = "stalled-cycles-frontend",
74 		.alias  = "idle-cycles-frontend",
75 	},
76 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND] = {
77 		.symbol = "stalled-cycles-backend",
78 		.alias  = "idle-cycles-backend",
79 	},
80 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES] = {
81 		.symbol = "ref-cycles",
82 		.alias  = "",
83 	},
84 };
85 
86 struct event_symbol event_symbols_sw[PERF_COUNT_SW_MAX] = {
87 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK] = {
88 		.symbol = "cpu-clock",
89 		.alias  = "",
90 	},
91 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK] = {
92 		.symbol = "task-clock",
93 		.alias  = "",
94 	},
95 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS] = {
96 		.symbol = "page-faults",
97 		.alias  = "faults",
98 	},
99 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES] = {
100 		.symbol = "context-switches",
101 		.alias  = "cs",
102 	},
103 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS] = {
104 		.symbol = "cpu-migrations",
105 		.alias  = "migrations",
106 	},
107 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN] = {
108 		.symbol = "minor-faults",
109 		.alias  = "",
110 	},
111 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ] = {
112 		.symbol = "major-faults",
113 		.alias  = "",
114 	},
115 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS] = {
116 		.symbol = "alignment-faults",
117 		.alias  = "",
118 	},
119 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS] = {
120 		.symbol = "emulation-faults",
121 		.alias  = "",
122 	},
123 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY] = {
124 		.symbol = "dummy",
125 		.alias  = "",
126 	},
127 };
128 
129 #define __PERF_EVENT_FIELD(config, name) \
130 	((config & PERF_EVENT_##name##_MASK) >> PERF_EVENT_##name##_SHIFT)
131 
132 #define PERF_EVENT_RAW(config)		__PERF_EVENT_FIELD(config, RAW)
133 #define PERF_EVENT_CONFIG(config)	__PERF_EVENT_FIELD(config, CONFIG)
134 #define PERF_EVENT_TYPE(config)		__PERF_EVENT_FIELD(config, TYPE)
135 #define PERF_EVENT_ID(config)		__PERF_EVENT_FIELD(config, EVENT)
136 
137 #define for_each_subsystem(sys_dir, sys_dirent, sys_next)	       \
138 	while (!readdir_r(sys_dir, &sys_dirent, &sys_next) && sys_next)	       \
139 	if (sys_dirent.d_type == DT_DIR &&				       \
140 	   (strcmp(sys_dirent.d_name, ".")) &&				       \
141 	   (strcmp(sys_dirent.d_name, "..")))
142 
143 static int tp_event_has_id(struct dirent *sys_dir, struct dirent *evt_dir)
144 {
145 	char evt_path[MAXPATHLEN];
146 	int fd;
147 
148 	snprintf(evt_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s/%s/id", tracing_events_path,
149 			sys_dir->d_name, evt_dir->d_name);
150 	fd = open(evt_path, O_RDONLY);
151 	if (fd < 0)
152 		return -EINVAL;
153 	close(fd);
154 
155 	return 0;
156 }
157 
158 #define for_each_event(sys_dirent, evt_dir, evt_dirent, evt_next)	       \
159 	while (!readdir_r(evt_dir, &evt_dirent, &evt_next) && evt_next)        \
160 	if (evt_dirent.d_type == DT_DIR &&				       \
161 	   (strcmp(evt_dirent.d_name, ".")) &&				       \
162 	   (strcmp(evt_dirent.d_name, "..")) &&				       \
163 	   (!tp_event_has_id(&sys_dirent, &evt_dirent)))
164 
165 #define MAX_EVENT_LENGTH 512
166 
167 
168 struct tracepoint_path *tracepoint_id_to_path(u64 config)
169 {
170 	struct tracepoint_path *path = NULL;
171 	DIR *sys_dir, *evt_dir;
172 	struct dirent *sys_next, *evt_next, sys_dirent, evt_dirent;
173 	char id_buf[24];
174 	int fd;
175 	u64 id;
176 	char evt_path[MAXPATHLEN];
177 	char dir_path[MAXPATHLEN];
178 
179 	sys_dir = opendir(tracing_events_path);
180 	if (!sys_dir)
181 		return NULL;
182 
183 	for_each_subsystem(sys_dir, sys_dirent, sys_next) {
184 
185 		snprintf(dir_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", tracing_events_path,
186 			 sys_dirent.d_name);
187 		evt_dir = opendir(dir_path);
188 		if (!evt_dir)
189 			continue;
190 
191 		for_each_event(sys_dirent, evt_dir, evt_dirent, evt_next) {
192 
193 			snprintf(evt_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s/id", dir_path,
194 				 evt_dirent.d_name);
195 			fd = open(evt_path, O_RDONLY);
196 			if (fd < 0)
197 				continue;
198 			if (read(fd, id_buf, sizeof(id_buf)) < 0) {
199 				close(fd);
200 				continue;
201 			}
202 			close(fd);
203 			id = atoll(id_buf);
204 			if (id == config) {
205 				closedir(evt_dir);
206 				closedir(sys_dir);
207 				path = zalloc(sizeof(*path));
208 				path->system = malloc(MAX_EVENT_LENGTH);
209 				if (!path->system) {
210 					free(path);
211 					return NULL;
212 				}
213 				path->name = malloc(MAX_EVENT_LENGTH);
214 				if (!path->name) {
215 					zfree(&path->system);
216 					free(path);
217 					return NULL;
218 				}
219 				strncpy(path->system, sys_dirent.d_name,
220 					MAX_EVENT_LENGTH);
221 				strncpy(path->name, evt_dirent.d_name,
222 					MAX_EVENT_LENGTH);
223 				return path;
224 			}
225 		}
226 		closedir(evt_dir);
227 	}
228 
229 	closedir(sys_dir);
230 	return NULL;
231 }
232 
233 struct tracepoint_path *tracepoint_name_to_path(const char *name)
234 {
235 	struct tracepoint_path *path = zalloc(sizeof(*path));
236 	char *str = strchr(name, ':');
237 
238 	if (path == NULL || str == NULL) {
239 		free(path);
240 		return NULL;
241 	}
242 
243 	path->system = strndup(name, str - name);
244 	path->name = strdup(str+1);
245 
246 	if (path->system == NULL || path->name == NULL) {
247 		zfree(&path->system);
248 		zfree(&path->name);
249 		free(path);
250 		path = NULL;
251 	}
252 
253 	return path;
254 }
255 
256 const char *event_type(int type)
257 {
258 	switch (type) {
259 	case PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE:
260 		return "hardware";
261 
262 	case PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE:
263 		return "software";
264 
265 	case PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT:
266 		return "tracepoint";
267 
268 	case PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE:
269 		return "hardware-cache";
270 
271 	default:
272 		break;
273 	}
274 
275 	return "unknown";
276 }
277 
278 
279 
280 static struct perf_evsel *
281 __add_event(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
282 	    struct perf_event_attr *attr,
283 	    char *name, struct cpu_map *cpus,
284 	    struct list_head *config_terms)
285 {
286 	struct perf_evsel *evsel;
287 
288 	event_attr_init(attr);
289 
290 	evsel = perf_evsel__new_idx(attr, (*idx)++);
291 	if (!evsel)
292 		return NULL;
293 
294 	evsel->cpus     = cpu_map__get(cpus);
295 	evsel->own_cpus = cpu_map__get(cpus);
296 
297 	if (name)
298 		evsel->name = strdup(name);
299 
300 	if (config_terms)
301 		list_splice(config_terms, &evsel->config_terms);
302 
303 	list_add_tail(&evsel->node, list);
304 	return evsel;
305 }
306 
307 static int add_event(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
308 		     struct perf_event_attr *attr, char *name,
309 		     struct list_head *config_terms)
310 {
311 	return __add_event(list, idx, attr, name, NULL, config_terms) ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
312 }
313 
314 static int parse_aliases(char *str, const char *names[][PERF_EVSEL__MAX_ALIASES], int size)
315 {
316 	int i, j;
317 	int n, longest = -1;
318 
319 	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
320 		for (j = 0; j < PERF_EVSEL__MAX_ALIASES && names[i][j]; j++) {
321 			n = strlen(names[i][j]);
322 			if (n > longest && !strncasecmp(str, names[i][j], n))
323 				longest = n;
324 		}
325 		if (longest > 0)
326 			return i;
327 	}
328 
329 	return -1;
330 }
331 
332 int parse_events_add_cache(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
333 			   char *type, char *op_result1, char *op_result2)
334 {
335 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
336 	char name[MAX_NAME_LEN];
337 	int cache_type = -1, cache_op = -1, cache_result = -1;
338 	char *op_result[2] = { op_result1, op_result2 };
339 	int i, n;
340 
341 	/*
342 	 * No fallback - if we cannot get a clear cache type
343 	 * then bail out:
344 	 */
345 	cache_type = parse_aliases(type, perf_evsel__hw_cache,
346 				   PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MAX);
347 	if (cache_type == -1)
348 		return -EINVAL;
349 
350 	n = snprintf(name, MAX_NAME_LEN, "%s", type);
351 
352 	for (i = 0; (i < 2) && (op_result[i]); i++) {
353 		char *str = op_result[i];
354 
355 		n += snprintf(name + n, MAX_NAME_LEN - n, "-%s", str);
356 
357 		if (cache_op == -1) {
358 			cache_op = parse_aliases(str, perf_evsel__hw_cache_op,
359 						 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_MAX);
360 			if (cache_op >= 0) {
361 				if (!perf_evsel__is_cache_op_valid(cache_type, cache_op))
362 					return -EINVAL;
363 				continue;
364 			}
365 		}
366 
367 		if (cache_result == -1) {
368 			cache_result = parse_aliases(str, perf_evsel__hw_cache_result,
369 						     PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MAX);
370 			if (cache_result >= 0)
371 				continue;
372 		}
373 	}
374 
375 	/*
376 	 * Fall back to reads:
377 	 */
378 	if (cache_op == -1)
379 		cache_op = PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ;
380 
381 	/*
382 	 * Fall back to accesses:
383 	 */
384 	if (cache_result == -1)
385 		cache_result = PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS;
386 
387 	memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
388 	attr.config = cache_type | (cache_op << 8) | (cache_result << 16);
389 	attr.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE;
390 	return add_event(list, idx, &attr, name, NULL);
391 }
392 
393 static void tracepoint_error(struct parse_events_error *e, int err,
394 			     char *sys, char *name)
395 {
396 	char help[BUFSIZ];
397 
398 	/*
399 	 * We get error directly from syscall errno ( > 0),
400 	 * or from encoded pointer's error ( < 0).
401 	 */
402 	err = abs(err);
403 
404 	switch (err) {
405 	case EACCES:
406 		e->str = strdup("can't access trace events");
407 		break;
408 	case ENOENT:
409 		e->str = strdup("unknown tracepoint");
410 		break;
411 	default:
412 		e->str = strdup("failed to add tracepoint");
413 		break;
414 	}
415 
416 	tracing_path__strerror_open_tp(err, help, sizeof(help), sys, name);
417 	e->help = strdup(help);
418 }
419 
420 static int add_tracepoint(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
421 			  char *sys_name, char *evt_name,
422 			  struct parse_events_error *err,
423 			  struct list_head *head_config)
424 {
425 	struct perf_evsel *evsel;
426 
427 	evsel = perf_evsel__newtp_idx(sys_name, evt_name, (*idx)++);
428 	if (IS_ERR(evsel)) {
429 		tracepoint_error(err, PTR_ERR(evsel), sys_name, evt_name);
430 		return PTR_ERR(evsel);
431 	}
432 
433 	if (head_config) {
434 		LIST_HEAD(config_terms);
435 
436 		if (get_config_terms(head_config, &config_terms))
437 			return -ENOMEM;
438 		list_splice(&config_terms, &evsel->config_terms);
439 	}
440 
441 	list_add_tail(&evsel->node, list);
442 	return 0;
443 }
444 
445 static int add_tracepoint_multi_event(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
446 				      char *sys_name, char *evt_name,
447 				      struct parse_events_error *err,
448 				      struct list_head *head_config)
449 {
450 	char evt_path[MAXPATHLEN];
451 	struct dirent *evt_ent;
452 	DIR *evt_dir;
453 	int ret = 0, found = 0;
454 
455 	snprintf(evt_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", tracing_events_path, sys_name);
456 	evt_dir = opendir(evt_path);
457 	if (!evt_dir) {
458 		tracepoint_error(err, errno, sys_name, evt_name);
459 		return -1;
460 	}
461 
462 	while (!ret && (evt_ent = readdir(evt_dir))) {
463 		if (!strcmp(evt_ent->d_name, ".")
464 		    || !strcmp(evt_ent->d_name, "..")
465 		    || !strcmp(evt_ent->d_name, "enable")
466 		    || !strcmp(evt_ent->d_name, "filter"))
467 			continue;
468 
469 		if (!strglobmatch(evt_ent->d_name, evt_name))
470 			continue;
471 
472 		found++;
473 
474 		ret = add_tracepoint(list, idx, sys_name, evt_ent->d_name,
475 				     err, head_config);
476 	}
477 
478 	if (!found) {
479 		tracepoint_error(err, ENOENT, sys_name, evt_name);
480 		ret = -1;
481 	}
482 
483 	closedir(evt_dir);
484 	return ret;
485 }
486 
487 static int add_tracepoint_event(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
488 				char *sys_name, char *evt_name,
489 				struct parse_events_error *err,
490 				struct list_head *head_config)
491 {
492 	return strpbrk(evt_name, "*?") ?
493 	       add_tracepoint_multi_event(list, idx, sys_name, evt_name,
494 					  err, head_config) :
495 	       add_tracepoint(list, idx, sys_name, evt_name,
496 			      err, head_config);
497 }
498 
499 static int add_tracepoint_multi_sys(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
500 				    char *sys_name, char *evt_name,
501 				    struct parse_events_error *err,
502 				    struct list_head *head_config)
503 {
504 	struct dirent *events_ent;
505 	DIR *events_dir;
506 	int ret = 0;
507 
508 	events_dir = opendir(tracing_events_path);
509 	if (!events_dir) {
510 		tracepoint_error(err, errno, sys_name, evt_name);
511 		return -1;
512 	}
513 
514 	while (!ret && (events_ent = readdir(events_dir))) {
515 		if (!strcmp(events_ent->d_name, ".")
516 		    || !strcmp(events_ent->d_name, "..")
517 		    || !strcmp(events_ent->d_name, "enable")
518 		    || !strcmp(events_ent->d_name, "header_event")
519 		    || !strcmp(events_ent->d_name, "header_page"))
520 			continue;
521 
522 		if (!strglobmatch(events_ent->d_name, sys_name))
523 			continue;
524 
525 		ret = add_tracepoint_event(list, idx, events_ent->d_name,
526 					   evt_name, err, head_config);
527 	}
528 
529 	closedir(events_dir);
530 	return ret;
531 }
532 
533 struct __add_bpf_event_param {
534 	struct parse_events_evlist *data;
535 	struct list_head *list;
536 };
537 
538 static int add_bpf_event(struct probe_trace_event *tev, int fd,
539 			 void *_param)
540 {
541 	LIST_HEAD(new_evsels);
542 	struct __add_bpf_event_param *param = _param;
543 	struct parse_events_evlist *evlist = param->data;
544 	struct list_head *list = param->list;
545 	struct perf_evsel *pos;
546 	int err;
547 
548 	pr_debug("add bpf event %s:%s and attach bpf program %d\n",
549 		 tev->group, tev->event, fd);
550 
551 	err = parse_events_add_tracepoint(&new_evsels, &evlist->idx, tev->group,
552 					  tev->event, evlist->error, NULL);
553 	if (err) {
554 		struct perf_evsel *evsel, *tmp;
555 
556 		pr_debug("Failed to add BPF event %s:%s\n",
557 			 tev->group, tev->event);
558 		list_for_each_entry_safe(evsel, tmp, &new_evsels, node) {
559 			list_del(&evsel->node);
560 			perf_evsel__delete(evsel);
561 		}
562 		return err;
563 	}
564 	pr_debug("adding %s:%s\n", tev->group, tev->event);
565 
566 	list_for_each_entry(pos, &new_evsels, node) {
567 		pr_debug("adding %s:%s to %p\n",
568 			 tev->group, tev->event, pos);
569 		pos->bpf_fd = fd;
570 	}
571 	list_splice(&new_evsels, list);
572 	return 0;
573 }
574 
575 int parse_events_load_bpf_obj(struct parse_events_evlist *data,
576 			      struct list_head *list,
577 			      struct bpf_object *obj)
578 {
579 	int err;
580 	char errbuf[BUFSIZ];
581 	struct __add_bpf_event_param param = {data, list};
582 	static bool registered_unprobe_atexit = false;
583 
584 	if (IS_ERR(obj) || !obj) {
585 		snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf),
586 			 "Internal error: load bpf obj with NULL");
587 		err = -EINVAL;
588 		goto errout;
589 	}
590 
591 	/*
592 	 * Register atexit handler before calling bpf__probe() so
593 	 * bpf__probe() don't need to unprobe probe points its already
594 	 * created when failure.
595 	 */
596 	if (!registered_unprobe_atexit) {
597 		atexit(bpf__clear);
598 		registered_unprobe_atexit = true;
599 	}
600 
601 	err = bpf__probe(obj);
602 	if (err) {
603 		bpf__strerror_probe(obj, err, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
604 		goto errout;
605 	}
606 
607 	err = bpf__load(obj);
608 	if (err) {
609 		bpf__strerror_load(obj, err, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
610 		goto errout;
611 	}
612 
613 	err = bpf__foreach_tev(obj, add_bpf_event, &param);
614 	if (err) {
615 		snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf),
616 			 "Attach events in BPF object failed");
617 		goto errout;
618 	}
619 
620 	return 0;
621 errout:
622 	data->error->help = strdup("(add -v to see detail)");
623 	data->error->str = strdup(errbuf);
624 	return err;
625 }
626 
627 int parse_events_load_bpf(struct parse_events_evlist *data,
628 			  struct list_head *list,
629 			  char *bpf_file_name,
630 			  bool source)
631 {
632 	struct bpf_object *obj;
633 
634 	obj = bpf__prepare_load(bpf_file_name, source);
635 	if (IS_ERR(obj) || !obj) {
636 		char errbuf[BUFSIZ];
637 		int err;
638 
639 		err = obj ? PTR_ERR(obj) : -EINVAL;
640 
641 		if (err == -ENOTSUP)
642 			snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf),
643 				 "BPF support is not compiled");
644 		else
645 			snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf),
646 				 "BPF object file '%s' is invalid",
647 				 bpf_file_name);
648 
649 		data->error->help = strdup("(add -v to see detail)");
650 		data->error->str = strdup(errbuf);
651 		return err;
652 	}
653 
654 	return parse_events_load_bpf_obj(data, list, obj);
655 }
656 
657 static int
658 parse_breakpoint_type(const char *type, struct perf_event_attr *attr)
659 {
660 	int i;
661 
662 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
663 		if (!type || !type[i])
664 			break;
665 
666 #define CHECK_SET_TYPE(bit)		\
667 do {					\
668 	if (attr->bp_type & bit)	\
669 		return -EINVAL;		\
670 	else				\
671 		attr->bp_type |= bit;	\
672 } while (0)
673 
674 		switch (type[i]) {
675 		case 'r':
676 			CHECK_SET_TYPE(HW_BREAKPOINT_R);
677 			break;
678 		case 'w':
679 			CHECK_SET_TYPE(HW_BREAKPOINT_W);
680 			break;
681 		case 'x':
682 			CHECK_SET_TYPE(HW_BREAKPOINT_X);
683 			break;
684 		default:
685 			return -EINVAL;
686 		}
687 	}
688 
689 #undef CHECK_SET_TYPE
690 
691 	if (!attr->bp_type) /* Default */
692 		attr->bp_type = HW_BREAKPOINT_R | HW_BREAKPOINT_W;
693 
694 	return 0;
695 }
696 
697 int parse_events_add_breakpoint(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
698 				void *ptr, char *type, u64 len)
699 {
700 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
701 
702 	memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
703 	attr.bp_addr = (unsigned long) ptr;
704 
705 	if (parse_breakpoint_type(type, &attr))
706 		return -EINVAL;
707 
708 	/* Provide some defaults if len is not specified */
709 	if (!len) {
710 		if (attr.bp_type == HW_BREAKPOINT_X)
711 			len = sizeof(long);
712 		else
713 			len = HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4;
714 	}
715 
716 	attr.bp_len = len;
717 
718 	attr.type = PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT;
719 	attr.sample_period = 1;
720 
721 	return add_event(list, idx, &attr, NULL, NULL);
722 }
723 
724 static int check_type_val(struct parse_events_term *term,
725 			  struct parse_events_error *err,
726 			  int type)
727 {
728 	if (type == term->type_val)
729 		return 0;
730 
731 	if (err) {
732 		err->idx = term->err_val;
733 		if (type == PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NUM)
734 			err->str = strdup("expected numeric value");
735 		else
736 			err->str = strdup("expected string value");
737 	}
738 	return -EINVAL;
739 }
740 
741 typedef int config_term_func_t(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
742 			       struct parse_events_term *term,
743 			       struct parse_events_error *err);
744 
745 static int config_term_common(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
746 			      struct parse_events_term *term,
747 			      struct parse_events_error *err)
748 {
749 #define CHECK_TYPE_VAL(type)						   \
750 do {									   \
751 	if (check_type_val(term, err, PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_ ## type)) \
752 		return -EINVAL;						   \
753 } while (0)
754 
755 	switch (term->type_term) {
756 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_CONFIG:
757 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
758 		attr->config = term->val.num;
759 		break;
760 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_CONFIG1:
761 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
762 		attr->config1 = term->val.num;
763 		break;
764 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_CONFIG2:
765 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
766 		attr->config2 = term->val.num;
767 		break;
768 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_SAMPLE_PERIOD:
769 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
770 		break;
771 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_SAMPLE_FREQ:
772 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
773 		break;
774 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_BRANCH_SAMPLE_TYPE:
775 		/*
776 		 * TODO uncomment when the field is available
777 		 * attr->branch_sample_type = term->val.num;
778 		 */
779 		break;
780 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_TIME:
781 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
782 		if (term->val.num > 1) {
783 			err->str = strdup("expected 0 or 1");
784 			err->idx = term->err_val;
785 			return -EINVAL;
786 		}
787 		break;
788 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_CALLGRAPH:
789 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(STR);
790 		break;
791 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STACKSIZE:
792 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
793 		break;
794 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_INHERIT:
795 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
796 		break;
797 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NOINHERIT:
798 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
799 		break;
800 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NAME:
801 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(STR);
802 		break;
803 	default:
804 		err->str = strdup("unknown term");
805 		err->idx = term->err_term;
806 		err->help = parse_events_formats_error_string(NULL);
807 		return -EINVAL;
808 	}
809 
810 	return 0;
811 #undef CHECK_TYPE_VAL
812 }
813 
814 static int config_term_pmu(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
815 			   struct parse_events_term *term,
816 			   struct parse_events_error *err)
817 {
818 	if (term->type_term == PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_USER)
819 		/*
820 		 * Always succeed for sysfs terms, as we dont know
821 		 * at this point what type they need to have.
822 		 */
823 		return 0;
824 	else
825 		return config_term_common(attr, term, err);
826 }
827 
828 static int config_term_tracepoint(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
829 				  struct parse_events_term *term,
830 				  struct parse_events_error *err)
831 {
832 	switch (term->type_term) {
833 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_CALLGRAPH:
834 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STACKSIZE:
835 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_INHERIT:
836 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NOINHERIT:
837 		return config_term_common(attr, term, err);
838 	default:
839 		if (err) {
840 			err->idx = term->err_term;
841 			err->str = strdup("unknown term");
842 			err->help = strdup("valid terms: call-graph,stack-size\n");
843 		}
844 		return -EINVAL;
845 	}
846 
847 	return 0;
848 }
849 
850 static int config_attr(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
851 		       struct list_head *head,
852 		       struct parse_events_error *err,
853 		       config_term_func_t config_term)
854 {
855 	struct parse_events_term *term;
856 
857 	list_for_each_entry(term, head, list)
858 		if (config_term(attr, term, err))
859 			return -EINVAL;
860 
861 	return 0;
862 }
863 
864 static int get_config_terms(struct list_head *head_config,
865 			    struct list_head *head_terms __maybe_unused)
866 {
867 #define ADD_CONFIG_TERM(__type, __name, __val)			\
868 do {								\
869 	struct perf_evsel_config_term *__t;			\
870 								\
871 	__t = zalloc(sizeof(*__t));				\
872 	if (!__t)						\
873 		return -ENOMEM;					\
874 								\
875 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&__t->list);				\
876 	__t->type       = PERF_EVSEL__CONFIG_TERM_ ## __type;	\
877 	__t->val.__name = __val;				\
878 	list_add_tail(&__t->list, head_terms);			\
879 } while (0)
880 
881 	struct parse_events_term *term;
882 
883 	list_for_each_entry(term, head_config, list) {
884 		switch (term->type_term) {
885 		case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_SAMPLE_PERIOD:
886 			ADD_CONFIG_TERM(PERIOD, period, term->val.num);
887 			break;
888 		case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_SAMPLE_FREQ:
889 			ADD_CONFIG_TERM(FREQ, freq, term->val.num);
890 			break;
891 		case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_TIME:
892 			ADD_CONFIG_TERM(TIME, time, term->val.num);
893 			break;
894 		case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_CALLGRAPH:
895 			ADD_CONFIG_TERM(CALLGRAPH, callgraph, term->val.str);
896 			break;
897 		case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STACKSIZE:
898 			ADD_CONFIG_TERM(STACK_USER, stack_user, term->val.num);
899 			break;
900 		case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_INHERIT:
901 			ADD_CONFIG_TERM(INHERIT, inherit, term->val.num ? 1 : 0);
902 			break;
903 		case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NOINHERIT:
904 			ADD_CONFIG_TERM(INHERIT, inherit, term->val.num ? 0 : 1);
905 			break;
906 		default:
907 			break;
908 		}
909 	}
910 #undef ADD_EVSEL_CONFIG
911 	return 0;
912 }
913 
914 int parse_events_add_tracepoint(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
915 				char *sys, char *event,
916 				struct parse_events_error *err,
917 				struct list_head *head_config)
918 {
919 	if (head_config) {
920 		struct perf_event_attr attr;
921 
922 		if (config_attr(&attr, head_config, err,
923 				config_term_tracepoint))
924 			return -EINVAL;
925 	}
926 
927 	if (strpbrk(sys, "*?"))
928 		return add_tracepoint_multi_sys(list, idx, sys, event,
929 						err, head_config);
930 	else
931 		return add_tracepoint_event(list, idx, sys, event,
932 					    err, head_config);
933 }
934 
935 int parse_events_add_numeric(struct parse_events_evlist *data,
936 			     struct list_head *list,
937 			     u32 type, u64 config,
938 			     struct list_head *head_config)
939 {
940 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
941 	LIST_HEAD(config_terms);
942 
943 	memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
944 	attr.type = type;
945 	attr.config = config;
946 
947 	if (head_config) {
948 		if (config_attr(&attr, head_config, data->error,
949 				config_term_common))
950 			return -EINVAL;
951 
952 		if (get_config_terms(head_config, &config_terms))
953 			return -ENOMEM;
954 	}
955 
956 	return add_event(list, &data->idx, &attr, NULL, &config_terms);
957 }
958 
959 static int parse_events__is_name_term(struct parse_events_term *term)
960 {
961 	return term->type_term == PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NAME;
962 }
963 
964 static char *pmu_event_name(struct list_head *head_terms)
965 {
966 	struct parse_events_term *term;
967 
968 	list_for_each_entry(term, head_terms, list)
969 		if (parse_events__is_name_term(term))
970 			return term->val.str;
971 
972 	return NULL;
973 }
974 
975 int parse_events_add_pmu(struct parse_events_evlist *data,
976 			 struct list_head *list, char *name,
977 			 struct list_head *head_config)
978 {
979 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
980 	struct perf_pmu_info info;
981 	struct perf_pmu *pmu;
982 	struct perf_evsel *evsel;
983 	LIST_HEAD(config_terms);
984 
985 	pmu = perf_pmu__find(name);
986 	if (!pmu)
987 		return -EINVAL;
988 
989 	if (pmu->default_config) {
990 		memcpy(&attr, pmu->default_config,
991 		       sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));
992 	} else {
993 		memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
994 	}
995 
996 	if (!head_config) {
997 		attr.type = pmu->type;
998 		evsel = __add_event(list, &data->idx, &attr, NULL, pmu->cpus, NULL);
999 		return evsel ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
1000 	}
1001 
1002 	if (perf_pmu__check_alias(pmu, head_config, &info))
1003 		return -EINVAL;
1004 
1005 	/*
1006 	 * Configure hardcoded terms first, no need to check
1007 	 * return value when called with fail == 0 ;)
1008 	 */
1009 	if (config_attr(&attr, head_config, data->error, config_term_pmu))
1010 		return -EINVAL;
1011 
1012 	if (get_config_terms(head_config, &config_terms))
1013 		return -ENOMEM;
1014 
1015 	if (perf_pmu__config(pmu, &attr, head_config, data->error))
1016 		return -EINVAL;
1017 
1018 	evsel = __add_event(list, &data->idx, &attr,
1019 			    pmu_event_name(head_config), pmu->cpus,
1020 			    &config_terms);
1021 	if (evsel) {
1022 		evsel->unit = info.unit;
1023 		evsel->scale = info.scale;
1024 		evsel->per_pkg = info.per_pkg;
1025 		evsel->snapshot = info.snapshot;
1026 	}
1027 
1028 	return evsel ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
1029 }
1030 
1031 int parse_events__modifier_group(struct list_head *list,
1032 				 char *event_mod)
1033 {
1034 	return parse_events__modifier_event(list, event_mod, true);
1035 }
1036 
1037 void parse_events__set_leader(char *name, struct list_head *list)
1038 {
1039 	struct perf_evsel *leader;
1040 
1041 	if (list_empty(list)) {
1042 		WARN_ONCE(true, "WARNING: failed to set leader: empty list");
1043 		return;
1044 	}
1045 
1046 	__perf_evlist__set_leader(list);
1047 	leader = list_entry(list->next, struct perf_evsel, node);
1048 	leader->group_name = name ? strdup(name) : NULL;
1049 }
1050 
1051 /* list_event is assumed to point to malloc'ed memory */
1052 void parse_events_update_lists(struct list_head *list_event,
1053 			       struct list_head *list_all)
1054 {
1055 	/*
1056 	 * Called for single event definition. Update the
1057 	 * 'all event' list, and reinit the 'single event'
1058 	 * list, for next event definition.
1059 	 */
1060 	list_splice_tail(list_event, list_all);
1061 	free(list_event);
1062 }
1063 
1064 struct event_modifier {
1065 	int eu;
1066 	int ek;
1067 	int eh;
1068 	int eH;
1069 	int eG;
1070 	int eI;
1071 	int precise;
1072 	int precise_max;
1073 	int exclude_GH;
1074 	int sample_read;
1075 	int pinned;
1076 };
1077 
1078 static int get_event_modifier(struct event_modifier *mod, char *str,
1079 			       struct perf_evsel *evsel)
1080 {
1081 	int eu = evsel ? evsel->attr.exclude_user : 0;
1082 	int ek = evsel ? evsel->attr.exclude_kernel : 0;
1083 	int eh = evsel ? evsel->attr.exclude_hv : 0;
1084 	int eH = evsel ? evsel->attr.exclude_host : 0;
1085 	int eG = evsel ? evsel->attr.exclude_guest : 0;
1086 	int eI = evsel ? evsel->attr.exclude_idle : 0;
1087 	int precise = evsel ? evsel->attr.precise_ip : 0;
1088 	int precise_max = 0;
1089 	int sample_read = 0;
1090 	int pinned = evsel ? evsel->attr.pinned : 0;
1091 
1092 	int exclude = eu | ek | eh;
1093 	int exclude_GH = evsel ? evsel->exclude_GH : 0;
1094 
1095 	memset(mod, 0, sizeof(*mod));
1096 
1097 	while (*str) {
1098 		if (*str == 'u') {
1099 			if (!exclude)
1100 				exclude = eu = ek = eh = 1;
1101 			eu = 0;
1102 		} else if (*str == 'k') {
1103 			if (!exclude)
1104 				exclude = eu = ek = eh = 1;
1105 			ek = 0;
1106 		} else if (*str == 'h') {
1107 			if (!exclude)
1108 				exclude = eu = ek = eh = 1;
1109 			eh = 0;
1110 		} else if (*str == 'G') {
1111 			if (!exclude_GH)
1112 				exclude_GH = eG = eH = 1;
1113 			eG = 0;
1114 		} else if (*str == 'H') {
1115 			if (!exclude_GH)
1116 				exclude_GH = eG = eH = 1;
1117 			eH = 0;
1118 		} else if (*str == 'I') {
1119 			eI = 1;
1120 		} else if (*str == 'p') {
1121 			precise++;
1122 			/* use of precise requires exclude_guest */
1123 			if (!exclude_GH)
1124 				eG = 1;
1125 		} else if (*str == 'P') {
1126 			precise_max = 1;
1127 		} else if (*str == 'S') {
1128 			sample_read = 1;
1129 		} else if (*str == 'D') {
1130 			pinned = 1;
1131 		} else
1132 			break;
1133 
1134 		++str;
1135 	}
1136 
1137 	/*
1138 	 * precise ip:
1139 	 *
1140 	 *  0 - SAMPLE_IP can have arbitrary skid
1141 	 *  1 - SAMPLE_IP must have constant skid
1142 	 *  2 - SAMPLE_IP requested to have 0 skid
1143 	 *  3 - SAMPLE_IP must have 0 skid
1144 	 *
1145 	 *  See also PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP
1146 	 */
1147 	if (precise > 3)
1148 		return -EINVAL;
1149 
1150 	mod->eu = eu;
1151 	mod->ek = ek;
1152 	mod->eh = eh;
1153 	mod->eH = eH;
1154 	mod->eG = eG;
1155 	mod->eI = eI;
1156 	mod->precise = precise;
1157 	mod->precise_max = precise_max;
1158 	mod->exclude_GH = exclude_GH;
1159 	mod->sample_read = sample_read;
1160 	mod->pinned = pinned;
1161 
1162 	return 0;
1163 }
1164 
1165 /*
1166  * Basic modifier sanity check to validate it contains only one
1167  * instance of any modifier (apart from 'p') present.
1168  */
1169 static int check_modifier(char *str)
1170 {
1171 	char *p = str;
1172 
1173 	/* The sizeof includes 0 byte as well. */
1174 	if (strlen(str) > (sizeof("ukhGHpppPSDI") - 1))
1175 		return -1;
1176 
1177 	while (*p) {
1178 		if (*p != 'p' && strchr(p + 1, *p))
1179 			return -1;
1180 		p++;
1181 	}
1182 
1183 	return 0;
1184 }
1185 
1186 int parse_events__modifier_event(struct list_head *list, char *str, bool add)
1187 {
1188 	struct perf_evsel *evsel;
1189 	struct event_modifier mod;
1190 
1191 	if (str == NULL)
1192 		return 0;
1193 
1194 	if (check_modifier(str))
1195 		return -EINVAL;
1196 
1197 	if (!add && get_event_modifier(&mod, str, NULL))
1198 		return -EINVAL;
1199 
1200 	__evlist__for_each(list, evsel) {
1201 		if (add && get_event_modifier(&mod, str, evsel))
1202 			return -EINVAL;
1203 
1204 		evsel->attr.exclude_user   = mod.eu;
1205 		evsel->attr.exclude_kernel = mod.ek;
1206 		evsel->attr.exclude_hv     = mod.eh;
1207 		evsel->attr.precise_ip     = mod.precise;
1208 		evsel->attr.exclude_host   = mod.eH;
1209 		evsel->attr.exclude_guest  = mod.eG;
1210 		evsel->attr.exclude_idle   = mod.eI;
1211 		evsel->exclude_GH          = mod.exclude_GH;
1212 		evsel->sample_read         = mod.sample_read;
1213 		evsel->precise_max         = mod.precise_max;
1214 
1215 		if (perf_evsel__is_group_leader(evsel))
1216 			evsel->attr.pinned = mod.pinned;
1217 	}
1218 
1219 	return 0;
1220 }
1221 
1222 int parse_events_name(struct list_head *list, char *name)
1223 {
1224 	struct perf_evsel *evsel;
1225 
1226 	__evlist__for_each(list, evsel) {
1227 		if (!evsel->name)
1228 			evsel->name = strdup(name);
1229 	}
1230 
1231 	return 0;
1232 }
1233 
1234 static int
1235 comp_pmu(const void *p1, const void *p2)
1236 {
1237 	struct perf_pmu_event_symbol *pmu1 = (struct perf_pmu_event_symbol *) p1;
1238 	struct perf_pmu_event_symbol *pmu2 = (struct perf_pmu_event_symbol *) p2;
1239 
1240 	return strcmp(pmu1->symbol, pmu2->symbol);
1241 }
1242 
1243 static void perf_pmu__parse_cleanup(void)
1244 {
1245 	if (perf_pmu_events_list_num > 0) {
1246 		struct perf_pmu_event_symbol *p;
1247 		int i;
1248 
1249 		for (i = 0; i < perf_pmu_events_list_num; i++) {
1250 			p = perf_pmu_events_list + i;
1251 			free(p->symbol);
1252 		}
1253 		free(perf_pmu_events_list);
1254 		perf_pmu_events_list = NULL;
1255 		perf_pmu_events_list_num = 0;
1256 	}
1257 }
1258 
1259 #define SET_SYMBOL(str, stype)		\
1260 do {					\
1261 	p->symbol = str;		\
1262 	if (!p->symbol)			\
1263 		goto err;		\
1264 	p->type = stype;		\
1265 } while (0)
1266 
1267 /*
1268  * Read the pmu events list from sysfs
1269  * Save it into perf_pmu_events_list
1270  */
1271 static void perf_pmu__parse_init(void)
1272 {
1273 
1274 	struct perf_pmu *pmu = NULL;
1275 	struct perf_pmu_alias *alias;
1276 	int len = 0;
1277 
1278 	pmu = perf_pmu__find("cpu");
1279 	if ((pmu == NULL) || list_empty(&pmu->aliases)) {
1280 		perf_pmu_events_list_num = -1;
1281 		return;
1282 	}
1283 	list_for_each_entry(alias, &pmu->aliases, list) {
1284 		if (strchr(alias->name, '-'))
1285 			len++;
1286 		len++;
1287 	}
1288 	perf_pmu_events_list = malloc(sizeof(struct perf_pmu_event_symbol) * len);
1289 	if (!perf_pmu_events_list)
1290 		return;
1291 	perf_pmu_events_list_num = len;
1292 
1293 	len = 0;
1294 	list_for_each_entry(alias, &pmu->aliases, list) {
1295 		struct perf_pmu_event_symbol *p = perf_pmu_events_list + len;
1296 		char *tmp = strchr(alias->name, '-');
1297 
1298 		if (tmp != NULL) {
1299 			SET_SYMBOL(strndup(alias->name, tmp - alias->name),
1300 					PMU_EVENT_SYMBOL_PREFIX);
1301 			p++;
1302 			SET_SYMBOL(strdup(++tmp), PMU_EVENT_SYMBOL_SUFFIX);
1303 			len += 2;
1304 		} else {
1305 			SET_SYMBOL(strdup(alias->name), PMU_EVENT_SYMBOL);
1306 			len++;
1307 		}
1308 	}
1309 	qsort(perf_pmu_events_list, len,
1310 		sizeof(struct perf_pmu_event_symbol), comp_pmu);
1311 
1312 	return;
1313 err:
1314 	perf_pmu__parse_cleanup();
1315 }
1316 
1317 enum perf_pmu_event_symbol_type
1318 perf_pmu__parse_check(const char *name)
1319 {
1320 	struct perf_pmu_event_symbol p, *r;
1321 
1322 	/* scan kernel pmu events from sysfs if needed */
1323 	if (perf_pmu_events_list_num == 0)
1324 		perf_pmu__parse_init();
1325 	/*
1326 	 * name "cpu" could be prefix of cpu-cycles or cpu// events.
1327 	 * cpu-cycles has been handled by hardcode.
1328 	 * So it must be cpu// events, not kernel pmu event.
1329 	 */
1330 	if ((perf_pmu_events_list_num <= 0) || !strcmp(name, "cpu"))
1331 		return PMU_EVENT_SYMBOL_ERR;
1332 
1333 	p.symbol = strdup(name);
1334 	r = bsearch(&p, perf_pmu_events_list,
1335 			(size_t) perf_pmu_events_list_num,
1336 			sizeof(struct perf_pmu_event_symbol), comp_pmu);
1337 	free(p.symbol);
1338 	return r ? r->type : PMU_EVENT_SYMBOL_ERR;
1339 }
1340 
1341 static int parse_events__scanner(const char *str, void *data, int start_token)
1342 {
1343 	YY_BUFFER_STATE buffer;
1344 	void *scanner;
1345 	int ret;
1346 
1347 	ret = parse_events_lex_init_extra(start_token, &scanner);
1348 	if (ret)
1349 		return ret;
1350 
1351 	buffer = parse_events__scan_string(str, scanner);
1352 
1353 #ifdef PARSER_DEBUG
1354 	parse_events_debug = 1;
1355 #endif
1356 	ret = parse_events_parse(data, scanner);
1357 
1358 	parse_events__flush_buffer(buffer, scanner);
1359 	parse_events__delete_buffer(buffer, scanner);
1360 	parse_events_lex_destroy(scanner);
1361 	return ret;
1362 }
1363 
1364 /*
1365  * parse event config string, return a list of event terms.
1366  */
1367 int parse_events_terms(struct list_head *terms, const char *str)
1368 {
1369 	struct parse_events_terms data = {
1370 		.terms = NULL,
1371 	};
1372 	int ret;
1373 
1374 	ret = parse_events__scanner(str, &data, PE_START_TERMS);
1375 	if (!ret) {
1376 		list_splice(data.terms, terms);
1377 		zfree(&data.terms);
1378 		return 0;
1379 	}
1380 
1381 	if (data.terms)
1382 		parse_events__free_terms(data.terms);
1383 	return ret;
1384 }
1385 
1386 int parse_events(struct perf_evlist *evlist, const char *str,
1387 		 struct parse_events_error *err)
1388 {
1389 	struct parse_events_evlist data = {
1390 		.list  = LIST_HEAD_INIT(data.list),
1391 		.idx   = evlist->nr_entries,
1392 		.error = err,
1393 	};
1394 	int ret;
1395 
1396 	ret = parse_events__scanner(str, &data, PE_START_EVENTS);
1397 	perf_pmu__parse_cleanup();
1398 	if (!ret) {
1399 		struct perf_evsel *last;
1400 
1401 		if (list_empty(&data.list)) {
1402 			WARN_ONCE(true, "WARNING: event parser found nothing");
1403 			return -1;
1404 		}
1405 
1406 		perf_evlist__splice_list_tail(evlist, &data.list);
1407 		evlist->nr_groups += data.nr_groups;
1408 		last = perf_evlist__last(evlist);
1409 		last->cmdline_group_boundary = true;
1410 
1411 		return 0;
1412 	}
1413 
1414 	/*
1415 	 * There are 2 users - builtin-record and builtin-test objects.
1416 	 * Both call perf_evlist__delete in case of error, so we dont
1417 	 * need to bother.
1418 	 */
1419 	return ret;
1420 }
1421 
1422 #define MAX_WIDTH 1000
1423 static int get_term_width(void)
1424 {
1425 	struct winsize ws;
1426 
1427 	get_term_dimensions(&ws);
1428 	return ws.ws_col > MAX_WIDTH ? MAX_WIDTH : ws.ws_col;
1429 }
1430 
1431 static void parse_events_print_error(struct parse_events_error *err,
1432 				     const char *event)
1433 {
1434 	const char *str = "invalid or unsupported event: ";
1435 	char _buf[MAX_WIDTH];
1436 	char *buf = (char *) event;
1437 	int idx = 0;
1438 
1439 	if (err->str) {
1440 		/* -2 for extra '' in the final fprintf */
1441 		int width       = get_term_width() - 2;
1442 		int len_event   = strlen(event);
1443 		int len_str, max_len, cut = 0;
1444 
1445 		/*
1446 		 * Maximum error index indent, we will cut
1447 		 * the event string if it's bigger.
1448 		 */
1449 		int max_err_idx = 13;
1450 
1451 		/*
1452 		 * Let's be specific with the message when
1453 		 * we have the precise error.
1454 		 */
1455 		str     = "event syntax error: ";
1456 		len_str = strlen(str);
1457 		max_len = width - len_str;
1458 
1459 		buf = _buf;
1460 
1461 		/* We're cutting from the beggining. */
1462 		if (err->idx > max_err_idx)
1463 			cut = err->idx - max_err_idx;
1464 
1465 		strncpy(buf, event + cut, max_len);
1466 
1467 		/* Mark cut parts with '..' on both sides. */
1468 		if (cut)
1469 			buf[0] = buf[1] = '.';
1470 
1471 		if ((len_event - cut) > max_len) {
1472 			buf[max_len - 1] = buf[max_len - 2] = '.';
1473 			buf[max_len] = 0;
1474 		}
1475 
1476 		idx = len_str + err->idx - cut;
1477 	}
1478 
1479 	fprintf(stderr, "%s'%s'\n", str, buf);
1480 	if (idx) {
1481 		fprintf(stderr, "%*s\\___ %s\n", idx + 1, "", err->str);
1482 		if (err->help)
1483 			fprintf(stderr, "\n%s\n", err->help);
1484 		free(err->str);
1485 		free(err->help);
1486 	}
1487 
1488 	fprintf(stderr, "Run 'perf list' for a list of valid events\n");
1489 }
1490 
1491 #undef MAX_WIDTH
1492 
1493 int parse_events_option(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
1494 			int unset __maybe_unused)
1495 {
1496 	struct perf_evlist *evlist = *(struct perf_evlist **)opt->value;
1497 	struct parse_events_error err = { .idx = 0, };
1498 	int ret = parse_events(evlist, str, &err);
1499 
1500 	if (ret)
1501 		parse_events_print_error(&err, str);
1502 
1503 	return ret;
1504 }
1505 
1506 static int
1507 foreach_evsel_in_last_glob(struct perf_evlist *evlist,
1508 			   int (*func)(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
1509 				       const void *arg),
1510 			   const void *arg)
1511 {
1512 	struct perf_evsel *last = NULL;
1513 	int err;
1514 
1515 	/*
1516 	 * Don't return when list_empty, give func a chance to report
1517 	 * error when it found last == NULL.
1518 	 *
1519 	 * So no need to WARN here, let *func do this.
1520 	 */
1521 	if (evlist->nr_entries > 0)
1522 		last = perf_evlist__last(evlist);
1523 
1524 	do {
1525 		err = (*func)(last, arg);
1526 		if (err)
1527 			return -1;
1528 		if (!last)
1529 			return 0;
1530 
1531 		if (last->node.prev == &evlist->entries)
1532 			return 0;
1533 		last = list_entry(last->node.prev, struct perf_evsel, node);
1534 	} while (!last->cmdline_group_boundary);
1535 
1536 	return 0;
1537 }
1538 
1539 static int set_filter(struct perf_evsel *evsel, const void *arg)
1540 {
1541 	const char *str = arg;
1542 
1543 	if (evsel == NULL || evsel->attr.type != PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT) {
1544 		fprintf(stderr,
1545 			"--filter option should follow a -e tracepoint option\n");
1546 		return -1;
1547 	}
1548 
1549 	if (perf_evsel__append_filter(evsel, "&&", str) < 0) {
1550 		fprintf(stderr,
1551 			"not enough memory to hold filter string\n");
1552 		return -1;
1553 	}
1554 
1555 	return 0;
1556 }
1557 
1558 int parse_filter(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
1559 		 int unset __maybe_unused)
1560 {
1561 	struct perf_evlist *evlist = *(struct perf_evlist **)opt->value;
1562 
1563 	return foreach_evsel_in_last_glob(evlist, set_filter,
1564 					  (const void *)str);
1565 }
1566 
1567 static int add_exclude_perf_filter(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
1568 				   const void *arg __maybe_unused)
1569 {
1570 	char new_filter[64];
1571 
1572 	if (evsel == NULL || evsel->attr.type != PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT) {
1573 		fprintf(stderr,
1574 			"--exclude-perf option should follow a -e tracepoint option\n");
1575 		return -1;
1576 	}
1577 
1578 	snprintf(new_filter, sizeof(new_filter), "common_pid != %d", getpid());
1579 
1580 	if (perf_evsel__append_filter(evsel, "&&", new_filter) < 0) {
1581 		fprintf(stderr,
1582 			"not enough memory to hold filter string\n");
1583 		return -1;
1584 	}
1585 
1586 	return 0;
1587 }
1588 
1589 int exclude_perf(const struct option *opt,
1590 		 const char *arg __maybe_unused,
1591 		 int unset __maybe_unused)
1592 {
1593 	struct perf_evlist *evlist = *(struct perf_evlist **)opt->value;
1594 
1595 	return foreach_evsel_in_last_glob(evlist, add_exclude_perf_filter,
1596 					  NULL);
1597 }
1598 
1599 static const char * const event_type_descriptors[] = {
1600 	"Hardware event",
1601 	"Software event",
1602 	"Tracepoint event",
1603 	"Hardware cache event",
1604 	"Raw hardware event descriptor",
1605 	"Hardware breakpoint",
1606 };
1607 
1608 static int cmp_string(const void *a, const void *b)
1609 {
1610 	const char * const *as = a;
1611 	const char * const *bs = b;
1612 
1613 	return strcmp(*as, *bs);
1614 }
1615 
1616 /*
1617  * Print the events from <debugfs_mount_point>/tracing/events
1618  */
1619 
1620 void print_tracepoint_events(const char *subsys_glob, const char *event_glob,
1621 			     bool name_only)
1622 {
1623 	DIR *sys_dir, *evt_dir;
1624 	struct dirent *sys_next, *evt_next, sys_dirent, evt_dirent;
1625 	char evt_path[MAXPATHLEN];
1626 	char dir_path[MAXPATHLEN];
1627 	char **evt_list = NULL;
1628 	unsigned int evt_i = 0, evt_num = 0;
1629 	bool evt_num_known = false;
1630 
1631 restart:
1632 	sys_dir = opendir(tracing_events_path);
1633 	if (!sys_dir)
1634 		return;
1635 
1636 	if (evt_num_known) {
1637 		evt_list = zalloc(sizeof(char *) * evt_num);
1638 		if (!evt_list)
1639 			goto out_close_sys_dir;
1640 	}
1641 
1642 	for_each_subsystem(sys_dir, sys_dirent, sys_next) {
1643 		if (subsys_glob != NULL &&
1644 		    !strglobmatch(sys_dirent.d_name, subsys_glob))
1645 			continue;
1646 
1647 		snprintf(dir_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", tracing_events_path,
1648 			 sys_dirent.d_name);
1649 		evt_dir = opendir(dir_path);
1650 		if (!evt_dir)
1651 			continue;
1652 
1653 		for_each_event(sys_dirent, evt_dir, evt_dirent, evt_next) {
1654 			if (event_glob != NULL &&
1655 			    !strglobmatch(evt_dirent.d_name, event_glob))
1656 				continue;
1657 
1658 			if (!evt_num_known) {
1659 				evt_num++;
1660 				continue;
1661 			}
1662 
1663 			snprintf(evt_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s:%s",
1664 				 sys_dirent.d_name, evt_dirent.d_name);
1665 
1666 			evt_list[evt_i] = strdup(evt_path);
1667 			if (evt_list[evt_i] == NULL)
1668 				goto out_close_evt_dir;
1669 			evt_i++;
1670 		}
1671 		closedir(evt_dir);
1672 	}
1673 	closedir(sys_dir);
1674 
1675 	if (!evt_num_known) {
1676 		evt_num_known = true;
1677 		goto restart;
1678 	}
1679 	qsort(evt_list, evt_num, sizeof(char *), cmp_string);
1680 	evt_i = 0;
1681 	while (evt_i < evt_num) {
1682 		if (name_only) {
1683 			printf("%s ", evt_list[evt_i++]);
1684 			continue;
1685 		}
1686 		printf("  %-50s [%s]\n", evt_list[evt_i++],
1687 				event_type_descriptors[PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT]);
1688 	}
1689 	if (evt_num && pager_in_use())
1690 		printf("\n");
1691 
1692 out_free:
1693 	evt_num = evt_i;
1694 	for (evt_i = 0; evt_i < evt_num; evt_i++)
1695 		zfree(&evt_list[evt_i]);
1696 	zfree(&evt_list);
1697 	return;
1698 
1699 out_close_evt_dir:
1700 	closedir(evt_dir);
1701 out_close_sys_dir:
1702 	closedir(sys_dir);
1703 
1704 	printf("FATAL: not enough memory to print %s\n",
1705 			event_type_descriptors[PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT]);
1706 	if (evt_list)
1707 		goto out_free;
1708 }
1709 
1710 /*
1711  * Check whether event is in <debugfs_mount_point>/tracing/events
1712  */
1713 
1714 int is_valid_tracepoint(const char *event_string)
1715 {
1716 	DIR *sys_dir, *evt_dir;
1717 	struct dirent *sys_next, *evt_next, sys_dirent, evt_dirent;
1718 	char evt_path[MAXPATHLEN];
1719 	char dir_path[MAXPATHLEN];
1720 
1721 	sys_dir = opendir(tracing_events_path);
1722 	if (!sys_dir)
1723 		return 0;
1724 
1725 	for_each_subsystem(sys_dir, sys_dirent, sys_next) {
1726 
1727 		snprintf(dir_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", tracing_events_path,
1728 			 sys_dirent.d_name);
1729 		evt_dir = opendir(dir_path);
1730 		if (!evt_dir)
1731 			continue;
1732 
1733 		for_each_event(sys_dirent, evt_dir, evt_dirent, evt_next) {
1734 			snprintf(evt_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s:%s",
1735 				 sys_dirent.d_name, evt_dirent.d_name);
1736 			if (!strcmp(evt_path, event_string)) {
1737 				closedir(evt_dir);
1738 				closedir(sys_dir);
1739 				return 1;
1740 			}
1741 		}
1742 		closedir(evt_dir);
1743 	}
1744 	closedir(sys_dir);
1745 	return 0;
1746 }
1747 
1748 static bool is_event_supported(u8 type, unsigned config)
1749 {
1750 	bool ret = true;
1751 	int open_return;
1752 	struct perf_evsel *evsel;
1753 	struct perf_event_attr attr = {
1754 		.type = type,
1755 		.config = config,
1756 		.disabled = 1,
1757 	};
1758 	struct {
1759 		struct thread_map map;
1760 		int threads[1];
1761 	} tmap = {
1762 		.map.nr	 = 1,
1763 		.threads = { 0 },
1764 	};
1765 
1766 	evsel = perf_evsel__new(&attr);
1767 	if (evsel) {
1768 		open_return = perf_evsel__open(evsel, NULL, &tmap.map);
1769 		ret = open_return >= 0;
1770 
1771 		if (open_return == -EACCES) {
1772 			/*
1773 			 * This happens if the paranoid value
1774 			 * /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid is set to 2
1775 			 * Re-run with exclude_kernel set; we don't do that
1776 			 * by default as some ARM machines do not support it.
1777 			 *
1778 			 */
1779 			evsel->attr.exclude_kernel = 1;
1780 			ret = perf_evsel__open(evsel, NULL, &tmap.map) >= 0;
1781 		}
1782 		perf_evsel__delete(evsel);
1783 	}
1784 
1785 	return ret;
1786 }
1787 
1788 int print_hwcache_events(const char *event_glob, bool name_only)
1789 {
1790 	unsigned int type, op, i, evt_i = 0, evt_num = 0;
1791 	char name[64];
1792 	char **evt_list = NULL;
1793 	bool evt_num_known = false;
1794 
1795 restart:
1796 	if (evt_num_known) {
1797 		evt_list = zalloc(sizeof(char *) * evt_num);
1798 		if (!evt_list)
1799 			goto out_enomem;
1800 	}
1801 
1802 	for (type = 0; type < PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MAX; type++) {
1803 		for (op = 0; op < PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_MAX; op++) {
1804 			/* skip invalid cache type */
1805 			if (!perf_evsel__is_cache_op_valid(type, op))
1806 				continue;
1807 
1808 			for (i = 0; i < PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MAX; i++) {
1809 				__perf_evsel__hw_cache_type_op_res_name(type, op, i,
1810 									name, sizeof(name));
1811 				if (event_glob != NULL && !strglobmatch(name, event_glob))
1812 					continue;
1813 
1814 				if (!is_event_supported(PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
1815 							type | (op << 8) | (i << 16)))
1816 					continue;
1817 
1818 				if (!evt_num_known) {
1819 					evt_num++;
1820 					continue;
1821 				}
1822 
1823 				evt_list[evt_i] = strdup(name);
1824 				if (evt_list[evt_i] == NULL)
1825 					goto out_enomem;
1826 				evt_i++;
1827 			}
1828 		}
1829 	}
1830 
1831 	if (!evt_num_known) {
1832 		evt_num_known = true;
1833 		goto restart;
1834 	}
1835 	qsort(evt_list, evt_num, sizeof(char *), cmp_string);
1836 	evt_i = 0;
1837 	while (evt_i < evt_num) {
1838 		if (name_only) {
1839 			printf("%s ", evt_list[evt_i++]);
1840 			continue;
1841 		}
1842 		printf("  %-50s [%s]\n", evt_list[evt_i++],
1843 				event_type_descriptors[PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE]);
1844 	}
1845 	if (evt_num && pager_in_use())
1846 		printf("\n");
1847 
1848 out_free:
1849 	evt_num = evt_i;
1850 	for (evt_i = 0; evt_i < evt_num; evt_i++)
1851 		zfree(&evt_list[evt_i]);
1852 	zfree(&evt_list);
1853 	return evt_num;
1854 
1855 out_enomem:
1856 	printf("FATAL: not enough memory to print %s\n", event_type_descriptors[PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE]);
1857 	if (evt_list)
1858 		goto out_free;
1859 	return evt_num;
1860 }
1861 
1862 void print_symbol_events(const char *event_glob, unsigned type,
1863 				struct event_symbol *syms, unsigned max,
1864 				bool name_only)
1865 {
1866 	unsigned int i, evt_i = 0, evt_num = 0;
1867 	char name[MAX_NAME_LEN];
1868 	char **evt_list = NULL;
1869 	bool evt_num_known = false;
1870 
1871 restart:
1872 	if (evt_num_known) {
1873 		evt_list = zalloc(sizeof(char *) * evt_num);
1874 		if (!evt_list)
1875 			goto out_enomem;
1876 		syms -= max;
1877 	}
1878 
1879 	for (i = 0; i < max; i++, syms++) {
1880 
1881 		if (event_glob != NULL &&
1882 		    !(strglobmatch(syms->symbol, event_glob) ||
1883 		      (syms->alias && strglobmatch(syms->alias, event_glob))))
1884 			continue;
1885 
1886 		if (!is_event_supported(type, i))
1887 			continue;
1888 
1889 		if (!evt_num_known) {
1890 			evt_num++;
1891 			continue;
1892 		}
1893 
1894 		if (!name_only && strlen(syms->alias))
1895 			snprintf(name, MAX_NAME_LEN, "%s OR %s", syms->symbol, syms->alias);
1896 		else
1897 			strncpy(name, syms->symbol, MAX_NAME_LEN);
1898 
1899 		evt_list[evt_i] = strdup(name);
1900 		if (evt_list[evt_i] == NULL)
1901 			goto out_enomem;
1902 		evt_i++;
1903 	}
1904 
1905 	if (!evt_num_known) {
1906 		evt_num_known = true;
1907 		goto restart;
1908 	}
1909 	qsort(evt_list, evt_num, sizeof(char *), cmp_string);
1910 	evt_i = 0;
1911 	while (evt_i < evt_num) {
1912 		if (name_only) {
1913 			printf("%s ", evt_list[evt_i++]);
1914 			continue;
1915 		}
1916 		printf("  %-50s [%s]\n", evt_list[evt_i++], event_type_descriptors[type]);
1917 	}
1918 	if (evt_num && pager_in_use())
1919 		printf("\n");
1920 
1921 out_free:
1922 	evt_num = evt_i;
1923 	for (evt_i = 0; evt_i < evt_num; evt_i++)
1924 		zfree(&evt_list[evt_i]);
1925 	zfree(&evt_list);
1926 	return;
1927 
1928 out_enomem:
1929 	printf("FATAL: not enough memory to print %s\n", event_type_descriptors[type]);
1930 	if (evt_list)
1931 		goto out_free;
1932 }
1933 
1934 /*
1935  * Print the help text for the event symbols:
1936  */
1937 void print_events(const char *event_glob, bool name_only)
1938 {
1939 	print_symbol_events(event_glob, PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
1940 			    event_symbols_hw, PERF_COUNT_HW_MAX, name_only);
1941 
1942 	print_symbol_events(event_glob, PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE,
1943 			    event_symbols_sw, PERF_COUNT_SW_MAX, name_only);
1944 
1945 	print_hwcache_events(event_glob, name_only);
1946 
1947 	print_pmu_events(event_glob, name_only);
1948 
1949 	if (event_glob != NULL)
1950 		return;
1951 
1952 	if (!name_only) {
1953 		printf("  %-50s [%s]\n",
1954 		       "rNNN",
1955 		       event_type_descriptors[PERF_TYPE_RAW]);
1956 		printf("  %-50s [%s]\n",
1957 		       "cpu/t1=v1[,t2=v2,t3 ...]/modifier",
1958 		       event_type_descriptors[PERF_TYPE_RAW]);
1959 		if (pager_in_use())
1960 			printf("   (see 'man perf-list' on how to encode it)\n\n");
1961 
1962 		printf("  %-50s [%s]\n",
1963 		       "mem:<addr>[/len][:access]",
1964 			event_type_descriptors[PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT]);
1965 		if (pager_in_use())
1966 			printf("\n");
1967 	}
1968 
1969 	print_tracepoint_events(NULL, NULL, name_only);
1970 }
1971 
1972 int parse_events__is_hardcoded_term(struct parse_events_term *term)
1973 {
1974 	return term->type_term != PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_USER;
1975 }
1976 
1977 static int new_term(struct parse_events_term **_term, int type_val,
1978 		    int type_term, char *config,
1979 		    char *str, u64 num, int err_term, int err_val)
1980 {
1981 	struct parse_events_term *term;
1982 
1983 	term = zalloc(sizeof(*term));
1984 	if (!term)
1985 		return -ENOMEM;
1986 
1987 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&term->list);
1988 	term->type_val  = type_val;
1989 	term->type_term = type_term;
1990 	term->config = config;
1991 	term->err_term = err_term;
1992 	term->err_val  = err_val;
1993 
1994 	switch (type_val) {
1995 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NUM:
1996 		term->val.num = num;
1997 		break;
1998 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STR:
1999 		term->val.str = str;
2000 		break;
2001 	default:
2002 		free(term);
2003 		return -EINVAL;
2004 	}
2005 
2006 	*_term = term;
2007 	return 0;
2008 }
2009 
2010 int parse_events_term__num(struct parse_events_term **term,
2011 			   int type_term, char *config, u64 num,
2012 			   void *loc_term_, void *loc_val_)
2013 {
2014 	YYLTYPE *loc_term = loc_term_;
2015 	YYLTYPE *loc_val = loc_val_;
2016 
2017 	return new_term(term, PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NUM, type_term,
2018 			config, NULL, num,
2019 			loc_term ? loc_term->first_column : 0,
2020 			loc_val ? loc_val->first_column : 0);
2021 }
2022 
2023 int parse_events_term__str(struct parse_events_term **term,
2024 			   int type_term, char *config, char *str,
2025 			   void *loc_term_, void *loc_val_)
2026 {
2027 	YYLTYPE *loc_term = loc_term_;
2028 	YYLTYPE *loc_val = loc_val_;
2029 
2030 	return new_term(term, PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STR, type_term,
2031 			config, str, 0,
2032 			loc_term ? loc_term->first_column : 0,
2033 			loc_val ? loc_val->first_column : 0);
2034 }
2035 
2036 int parse_events_term__sym_hw(struct parse_events_term **term,
2037 			      char *config, unsigned idx)
2038 {
2039 	struct event_symbol *sym;
2040 
2041 	BUG_ON(idx >= PERF_COUNT_HW_MAX);
2042 	sym = &event_symbols_hw[idx];
2043 
2044 	if (config)
2045 		return new_term(term, PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STR,
2046 				PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_USER, config,
2047 				(char *) sym->symbol, 0, 0, 0);
2048 	else
2049 		return new_term(term, PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STR,
2050 				PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_USER,
2051 				(char *) "event", (char *) sym->symbol,
2052 				0, 0, 0);
2053 }
2054 
2055 int parse_events_term__clone(struct parse_events_term **new,
2056 			     struct parse_events_term *term)
2057 {
2058 	return new_term(new, term->type_val, term->type_term, term->config,
2059 			term->val.str, term->val.num,
2060 			term->err_term, term->err_val);
2061 }
2062 
2063 void parse_events__free_terms(struct list_head *terms)
2064 {
2065 	struct parse_events_term *term, *h;
2066 
2067 	list_for_each_entry_safe(term, h, terms, list)
2068 		free(term);
2069 }
2070 
2071 void parse_events_evlist_error(struct parse_events_evlist *data,
2072 			       int idx, const char *str)
2073 {
2074 	struct parse_events_error *err = data->error;
2075 
2076 	if (!err)
2077 		return;
2078 	err->idx = idx;
2079 	err->str = strdup(str);
2080 	WARN_ONCE(!err->str, "WARNING: failed to allocate error string");
2081 }
2082 
2083 /*
2084  * Return string contains valid config terms of an event.
2085  * @additional_terms: For terms such as PMU sysfs terms.
2086  */
2087 char *parse_events_formats_error_string(char *additional_terms)
2088 {
2089 	char *str;
2090 	static const char *static_terms = "config,config1,config2,name,"
2091 					  "period,freq,branch_type,time,"
2092 					  "call-graph,stack-size\n";
2093 
2094 	/* valid terms */
2095 	if (additional_terms) {
2096 		if (!asprintf(&str, "valid terms: %s,%s",
2097 			      additional_terms, static_terms))
2098 			goto fail;
2099 	} else {
2100 		if (!asprintf(&str, "valid terms: %s", static_terms))
2101 			goto fail;
2102 	}
2103 	return str;
2104 
2105 fail:
2106 	return NULL;
2107 }
2108