xref: /openbmc/linux/tools/perf/util/parse-events.c (revision 2596e07a)
1 #include <linux/hw_breakpoint.h>
2 #include <linux/err.h>
3 #include "util.h"
4 #include "../perf.h"
5 #include "evlist.h"
6 #include "evsel.h"
7 #include <subcmd/parse-options.h>
8 #include "parse-events.h"
9 #include <subcmd/exec-cmd.h>
10 #include "string.h"
11 #include "symbol.h"
12 #include "cache.h"
13 #include "header.h"
14 #include "bpf-loader.h"
15 #include "debug.h"
16 #include <api/fs/tracing_path.h>
17 #include "parse-events-bison.h"
18 #define YY_EXTRA_TYPE int
19 #include "parse-events-flex.h"
20 #include "pmu.h"
21 #include "thread_map.h"
22 #include "cpumap.h"
23 #include "asm/bug.h"
24 
25 #define MAX_NAME_LEN 100
26 
27 #ifdef PARSER_DEBUG
28 extern int parse_events_debug;
29 #endif
30 int parse_events_parse(void *data, void *scanner);
31 static int get_config_terms(struct list_head *head_config,
32 			    struct list_head *head_terms __maybe_unused);
33 
34 static struct perf_pmu_event_symbol *perf_pmu_events_list;
35 /*
36  * The variable indicates the number of supported pmu event symbols.
37  * 0 means not initialized and ready to init
38  * -1 means failed to init, don't try anymore
39  * >0 is the number of supported pmu event symbols
40  */
41 static int perf_pmu_events_list_num;
42 
43 struct event_symbol event_symbols_hw[PERF_COUNT_HW_MAX] = {
44 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES] = {
45 		.symbol = "cpu-cycles",
46 		.alias  = "cycles",
47 	},
48 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS] = {
49 		.symbol = "instructions",
50 		.alias  = "",
51 	},
52 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES] = {
53 		.symbol = "cache-references",
54 		.alias  = "",
55 	},
56 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES] = {
57 		.symbol = "cache-misses",
58 		.alias  = "",
59 	},
60 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS] = {
61 		.symbol = "branch-instructions",
62 		.alias  = "branches",
63 	},
64 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES] = {
65 		.symbol = "branch-misses",
66 		.alias  = "",
67 	},
68 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES] = {
69 		.symbol = "bus-cycles",
70 		.alias  = "",
71 	},
72 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND] = {
73 		.symbol = "stalled-cycles-frontend",
74 		.alias  = "idle-cycles-frontend",
75 	},
76 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND] = {
77 		.symbol = "stalled-cycles-backend",
78 		.alias  = "idle-cycles-backend",
79 	},
80 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES] = {
81 		.symbol = "ref-cycles",
82 		.alias  = "",
83 	},
84 };
85 
86 struct event_symbol event_symbols_sw[PERF_COUNT_SW_MAX] = {
87 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK] = {
88 		.symbol = "cpu-clock",
89 		.alias  = "",
90 	},
91 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK] = {
92 		.symbol = "task-clock",
93 		.alias  = "",
94 	},
95 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS] = {
96 		.symbol = "page-faults",
97 		.alias  = "faults",
98 	},
99 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES] = {
100 		.symbol = "context-switches",
101 		.alias  = "cs",
102 	},
103 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS] = {
104 		.symbol = "cpu-migrations",
105 		.alias  = "migrations",
106 	},
107 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN] = {
108 		.symbol = "minor-faults",
109 		.alias  = "",
110 	},
111 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ] = {
112 		.symbol = "major-faults",
113 		.alias  = "",
114 	},
115 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS] = {
116 		.symbol = "alignment-faults",
117 		.alias  = "",
118 	},
119 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS] = {
120 		.symbol = "emulation-faults",
121 		.alias  = "",
122 	},
123 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY] = {
124 		.symbol = "dummy",
125 		.alias  = "",
126 	},
127 	[PERF_COUNT_SW_BPF_OUTPUT] = {
128 		.symbol = "bpf-output",
129 		.alias  = "",
130 	},
131 };
132 
133 #define __PERF_EVENT_FIELD(config, name) \
134 	((config & PERF_EVENT_##name##_MASK) >> PERF_EVENT_##name##_SHIFT)
135 
136 #define PERF_EVENT_RAW(config)		__PERF_EVENT_FIELD(config, RAW)
137 #define PERF_EVENT_CONFIG(config)	__PERF_EVENT_FIELD(config, CONFIG)
138 #define PERF_EVENT_TYPE(config)		__PERF_EVENT_FIELD(config, TYPE)
139 #define PERF_EVENT_ID(config)		__PERF_EVENT_FIELD(config, EVENT)
140 
141 #define for_each_subsystem(sys_dir, sys_dirent, sys_next)	       \
142 	while (!readdir_r(sys_dir, &sys_dirent, &sys_next) && sys_next)	       \
143 	if (sys_dirent.d_type == DT_DIR &&				       \
144 	   (strcmp(sys_dirent.d_name, ".")) &&				       \
145 	   (strcmp(sys_dirent.d_name, "..")))
146 
147 static int tp_event_has_id(struct dirent *sys_dir, struct dirent *evt_dir)
148 {
149 	char evt_path[MAXPATHLEN];
150 	int fd;
151 
152 	snprintf(evt_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s/%s/id", tracing_events_path,
153 			sys_dir->d_name, evt_dir->d_name);
154 	fd = open(evt_path, O_RDONLY);
155 	if (fd < 0)
156 		return -EINVAL;
157 	close(fd);
158 
159 	return 0;
160 }
161 
162 #define for_each_event(sys_dirent, evt_dir, evt_dirent, evt_next)	       \
163 	while (!readdir_r(evt_dir, &evt_dirent, &evt_next) && evt_next)        \
164 	if (evt_dirent.d_type == DT_DIR &&				       \
165 	   (strcmp(evt_dirent.d_name, ".")) &&				       \
166 	   (strcmp(evt_dirent.d_name, "..")) &&				       \
167 	   (!tp_event_has_id(&sys_dirent, &evt_dirent)))
168 
169 #define MAX_EVENT_LENGTH 512
170 
171 
172 struct tracepoint_path *tracepoint_id_to_path(u64 config)
173 {
174 	struct tracepoint_path *path = NULL;
175 	DIR *sys_dir, *evt_dir;
176 	struct dirent *sys_next, *evt_next, sys_dirent, evt_dirent;
177 	char id_buf[24];
178 	int fd;
179 	u64 id;
180 	char evt_path[MAXPATHLEN];
181 	char dir_path[MAXPATHLEN];
182 
183 	sys_dir = opendir(tracing_events_path);
184 	if (!sys_dir)
185 		return NULL;
186 
187 	for_each_subsystem(sys_dir, sys_dirent, sys_next) {
188 
189 		snprintf(dir_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", tracing_events_path,
190 			 sys_dirent.d_name);
191 		evt_dir = opendir(dir_path);
192 		if (!evt_dir)
193 			continue;
194 
195 		for_each_event(sys_dirent, evt_dir, evt_dirent, evt_next) {
196 
197 			snprintf(evt_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s/id", dir_path,
198 				 evt_dirent.d_name);
199 			fd = open(evt_path, O_RDONLY);
200 			if (fd < 0)
201 				continue;
202 			if (read(fd, id_buf, sizeof(id_buf)) < 0) {
203 				close(fd);
204 				continue;
205 			}
206 			close(fd);
207 			id = atoll(id_buf);
208 			if (id == config) {
209 				closedir(evt_dir);
210 				closedir(sys_dir);
211 				path = zalloc(sizeof(*path));
212 				path->system = malloc(MAX_EVENT_LENGTH);
213 				if (!path->system) {
214 					free(path);
215 					return NULL;
216 				}
217 				path->name = malloc(MAX_EVENT_LENGTH);
218 				if (!path->name) {
219 					zfree(&path->system);
220 					free(path);
221 					return NULL;
222 				}
223 				strncpy(path->system, sys_dirent.d_name,
224 					MAX_EVENT_LENGTH);
225 				strncpy(path->name, evt_dirent.d_name,
226 					MAX_EVENT_LENGTH);
227 				return path;
228 			}
229 		}
230 		closedir(evt_dir);
231 	}
232 
233 	closedir(sys_dir);
234 	return NULL;
235 }
236 
237 struct tracepoint_path *tracepoint_name_to_path(const char *name)
238 {
239 	struct tracepoint_path *path = zalloc(sizeof(*path));
240 	char *str = strchr(name, ':');
241 
242 	if (path == NULL || str == NULL) {
243 		free(path);
244 		return NULL;
245 	}
246 
247 	path->system = strndup(name, str - name);
248 	path->name = strdup(str+1);
249 
250 	if (path->system == NULL || path->name == NULL) {
251 		zfree(&path->system);
252 		zfree(&path->name);
253 		free(path);
254 		path = NULL;
255 	}
256 
257 	return path;
258 }
259 
260 const char *event_type(int type)
261 {
262 	switch (type) {
263 	case PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE:
264 		return "hardware";
265 
266 	case PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE:
267 		return "software";
268 
269 	case PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT:
270 		return "tracepoint";
271 
272 	case PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE:
273 		return "hardware-cache";
274 
275 	default:
276 		break;
277 	}
278 
279 	return "unknown";
280 }
281 
282 
283 
284 static struct perf_evsel *
285 __add_event(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
286 	    struct perf_event_attr *attr,
287 	    char *name, struct cpu_map *cpus,
288 	    struct list_head *config_terms)
289 {
290 	struct perf_evsel *evsel;
291 
292 	event_attr_init(attr);
293 
294 	evsel = perf_evsel__new_idx(attr, (*idx)++);
295 	if (!evsel)
296 		return NULL;
297 
298 	evsel->cpus     = cpu_map__get(cpus);
299 	evsel->own_cpus = cpu_map__get(cpus);
300 
301 	if (name)
302 		evsel->name = strdup(name);
303 
304 	if (config_terms)
305 		list_splice(config_terms, &evsel->config_terms);
306 
307 	list_add_tail(&evsel->node, list);
308 	return evsel;
309 }
310 
311 static int add_event(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
312 		     struct perf_event_attr *attr, char *name,
313 		     struct list_head *config_terms)
314 {
315 	return __add_event(list, idx, attr, name, NULL, config_terms) ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
316 }
317 
318 static int parse_aliases(char *str, const char *names[][PERF_EVSEL__MAX_ALIASES], int size)
319 {
320 	int i, j;
321 	int n, longest = -1;
322 
323 	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
324 		for (j = 0; j < PERF_EVSEL__MAX_ALIASES && names[i][j]; j++) {
325 			n = strlen(names[i][j]);
326 			if (n > longest && !strncasecmp(str, names[i][j], n))
327 				longest = n;
328 		}
329 		if (longest > 0)
330 			return i;
331 	}
332 
333 	return -1;
334 }
335 
336 int parse_events_add_cache(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
337 			   char *type, char *op_result1, char *op_result2)
338 {
339 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
340 	char name[MAX_NAME_LEN];
341 	int cache_type = -1, cache_op = -1, cache_result = -1;
342 	char *op_result[2] = { op_result1, op_result2 };
343 	int i, n;
344 
345 	/*
346 	 * No fallback - if we cannot get a clear cache type
347 	 * then bail out:
348 	 */
349 	cache_type = parse_aliases(type, perf_evsel__hw_cache,
350 				   PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MAX);
351 	if (cache_type == -1)
352 		return -EINVAL;
353 
354 	n = snprintf(name, MAX_NAME_LEN, "%s", type);
355 
356 	for (i = 0; (i < 2) && (op_result[i]); i++) {
357 		char *str = op_result[i];
358 
359 		n += snprintf(name + n, MAX_NAME_LEN - n, "-%s", str);
360 
361 		if (cache_op == -1) {
362 			cache_op = parse_aliases(str, perf_evsel__hw_cache_op,
363 						 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_MAX);
364 			if (cache_op >= 0) {
365 				if (!perf_evsel__is_cache_op_valid(cache_type, cache_op))
366 					return -EINVAL;
367 				continue;
368 			}
369 		}
370 
371 		if (cache_result == -1) {
372 			cache_result = parse_aliases(str, perf_evsel__hw_cache_result,
373 						     PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MAX);
374 			if (cache_result >= 0)
375 				continue;
376 		}
377 	}
378 
379 	/*
380 	 * Fall back to reads:
381 	 */
382 	if (cache_op == -1)
383 		cache_op = PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ;
384 
385 	/*
386 	 * Fall back to accesses:
387 	 */
388 	if (cache_result == -1)
389 		cache_result = PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS;
390 
391 	memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
392 	attr.config = cache_type | (cache_op << 8) | (cache_result << 16);
393 	attr.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE;
394 	return add_event(list, idx, &attr, name, NULL);
395 }
396 
397 static void tracepoint_error(struct parse_events_error *e, int err,
398 			     char *sys, char *name)
399 {
400 	char help[BUFSIZ];
401 
402 	if (!e)
403 		return;
404 
405 	/*
406 	 * We get error directly from syscall errno ( > 0),
407 	 * or from encoded pointer's error ( < 0).
408 	 */
409 	err = abs(err);
410 
411 	switch (err) {
412 	case EACCES:
413 		e->str = strdup("can't access trace events");
414 		break;
415 	case ENOENT:
416 		e->str = strdup("unknown tracepoint");
417 		break;
418 	default:
419 		e->str = strdup("failed to add tracepoint");
420 		break;
421 	}
422 
423 	tracing_path__strerror_open_tp(err, help, sizeof(help), sys, name);
424 	e->help = strdup(help);
425 }
426 
427 static int add_tracepoint(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
428 			  char *sys_name, char *evt_name,
429 			  struct parse_events_error *err,
430 			  struct list_head *head_config)
431 {
432 	struct perf_evsel *evsel;
433 
434 	evsel = perf_evsel__newtp_idx(sys_name, evt_name, (*idx)++);
435 	if (IS_ERR(evsel)) {
436 		tracepoint_error(err, PTR_ERR(evsel), sys_name, evt_name);
437 		return PTR_ERR(evsel);
438 	}
439 
440 	if (head_config) {
441 		LIST_HEAD(config_terms);
442 
443 		if (get_config_terms(head_config, &config_terms))
444 			return -ENOMEM;
445 		list_splice(&config_terms, &evsel->config_terms);
446 	}
447 
448 	list_add_tail(&evsel->node, list);
449 	return 0;
450 }
451 
452 static int add_tracepoint_multi_event(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
453 				      char *sys_name, char *evt_name,
454 				      struct parse_events_error *err,
455 				      struct list_head *head_config)
456 {
457 	char evt_path[MAXPATHLEN];
458 	struct dirent *evt_ent;
459 	DIR *evt_dir;
460 	int ret = 0, found = 0;
461 
462 	snprintf(evt_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", tracing_events_path, sys_name);
463 	evt_dir = opendir(evt_path);
464 	if (!evt_dir) {
465 		tracepoint_error(err, errno, sys_name, evt_name);
466 		return -1;
467 	}
468 
469 	while (!ret && (evt_ent = readdir(evt_dir))) {
470 		if (!strcmp(evt_ent->d_name, ".")
471 		    || !strcmp(evt_ent->d_name, "..")
472 		    || !strcmp(evt_ent->d_name, "enable")
473 		    || !strcmp(evt_ent->d_name, "filter"))
474 			continue;
475 
476 		if (!strglobmatch(evt_ent->d_name, evt_name))
477 			continue;
478 
479 		found++;
480 
481 		ret = add_tracepoint(list, idx, sys_name, evt_ent->d_name,
482 				     err, head_config);
483 	}
484 
485 	if (!found) {
486 		tracepoint_error(err, ENOENT, sys_name, evt_name);
487 		ret = -1;
488 	}
489 
490 	closedir(evt_dir);
491 	return ret;
492 }
493 
494 static int add_tracepoint_event(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
495 				char *sys_name, char *evt_name,
496 				struct parse_events_error *err,
497 				struct list_head *head_config)
498 {
499 	return strpbrk(evt_name, "*?") ?
500 	       add_tracepoint_multi_event(list, idx, sys_name, evt_name,
501 					  err, head_config) :
502 	       add_tracepoint(list, idx, sys_name, evt_name,
503 			      err, head_config);
504 }
505 
506 static int add_tracepoint_multi_sys(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
507 				    char *sys_name, char *evt_name,
508 				    struct parse_events_error *err,
509 				    struct list_head *head_config)
510 {
511 	struct dirent *events_ent;
512 	DIR *events_dir;
513 	int ret = 0;
514 
515 	events_dir = opendir(tracing_events_path);
516 	if (!events_dir) {
517 		tracepoint_error(err, errno, sys_name, evt_name);
518 		return -1;
519 	}
520 
521 	while (!ret && (events_ent = readdir(events_dir))) {
522 		if (!strcmp(events_ent->d_name, ".")
523 		    || !strcmp(events_ent->d_name, "..")
524 		    || !strcmp(events_ent->d_name, "enable")
525 		    || !strcmp(events_ent->d_name, "header_event")
526 		    || !strcmp(events_ent->d_name, "header_page"))
527 			continue;
528 
529 		if (!strglobmatch(events_ent->d_name, sys_name))
530 			continue;
531 
532 		ret = add_tracepoint_event(list, idx, events_ent->d_name,
533 					   evt_name, err, head_config);
534 	}
535 
536 	closedir(events_dir);
537 	return ret;
538 }
539 
540 struct __add_bpf_event_param {
541 	struct parse_events_evlist *data;
542 	struct list_head *list;
543 };
544 
545 static int add_bpf_event(struct probe_trace_event *tev, int fd,
546 			 void *_param)
547 {
548 	LIST_HEAD(new_evsels);
549 	struct __add_bpf_event_param *param = _param;
550 	struct parse_events_evlist *evlist = param->data;
551 	struct list_head *list = param->list;
552 	struct perf_evsel *pos;
553 	int err;
554 
555 	pr_debug("add bpf event %s:%s and attach bpf program %d\n",
556 		 tev->group, tev->event, fd);
557 
558 	err = parse_events_add_tracepoint(&new_evsels, &evlist->idx, tev->group,
559 					  tev->event, evlist->error, NULL);
560 	if (err) {
561 		struct perf_evsel *evsel, *tmp;
562 
563 		pr_debug("Failed to add BPF event %s:%s\n",
564 			 tev->group, tev->event);
565 		list_for_each_entry_safe(evsel, tmp, &new_evsels, node) {
566 			list_del(&evsel->node);
567 			perf_evsel__delete(evsel);
568 		}
569 		return err;
570 	}
571 	pr_debug("adding %s:%s\n", tev->group, tev->event);
572 
573 	list_for_each_entry(pos, &new_evsels, node) {
574 		pr_debug("adding %s:%s to %p\n",
575 			 tev->group, tev->event, pos);
576 		pos->bpf_fd = fd;
577 	}
578 	list_splice(&new_evsels, list);
579 	return 0;
580 }
581 
582 int parse_events_load_bpf_obj(struct parse_events_evlist *data,
583 			      struct list_head *list,
584 			      struct bpf_object *obj)
585 {
586 	int err;
587 	char errbuf[BUFSIZ];
588 	struct __add_bpf_event_param param = {data, list};
589 	static bool registered_unprobe_atexit = false;
590 
591 	if (IS_ERR(obj) || !obj) {
592 		snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf),
593 			 "Internal error: load bpf obj with NULL");
594 		err = -EINVAL;
595 		goto errout;
596 	}
597 
598 	/*
599 	 * Register atexit handler before calling bpf__probe() so
600 	 * bpf__probe() don't need to unprobe probe points its already
601 	 * created when failure.
602 	 */
603 	if (!registered_unprobe_atexit) {
604 		atexit(bpf__clear);
605 		registered_unprobe_atexit = true;
606 	}
607 
608 	err = bpf__probe(obj);
609 	if (err) {
610 		bpf__strerror_probe(obj, err, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
611 		goto errout;
612 	}
613 
614 	err = bpf__load(obj);
615 	if (err) {
616 		bpf__strerror_load(obj, err, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
617 		goto errout;
618 	}
619 
620 	err = bpf__foreach_tev(obj, add_bpf_event, &param);
621 	if (err) {
622 		snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf),
623 			 "Attach events in BPF object failed");
624 		goto errout;
625 	}
626 
627 	return 0;
628 errout:
629 	data->error->help = strdup("(add -v to see detail)");
630 	data->error->str = strdup(errbuf);
631 	return err;
632 }
633 
634 int parse_events_load_bpf(struct parse_events_evlist *data,
635 			  struct list_head *list,
636 			  char *bpf_file_name,
637 			  bool source)
638 {
639 	struct bpf_object *obj;
640 
641 	obj = bpf__prepare_load(bpf_file_name, source);
642 	if (IS_ERR(obj)) {
643 		char errbuf[BUFSIZ];
644 		int err;
645 
646 		err = PTR_ERR(obj);
647 
648 		if (err == -ENOTSUP)
649 			snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf),
650 				 "BPF support is not compiled");
651 		else
652 			bpf__strerror_prepare_load(bpf_file_name,
653 						   source,
654 						   -err, errbuf,
655 						   sizeof(errbuf));
656 
657 		data->error->help = strdup("(add -v to see detail)");
658 		data->error->str = strdup(errbuf);
659 		return err;
660 	}
661 
662 	return parse_events_load_bpf_obj(data, list, obj);
663 }
664 
665 static int
666 parse_breakpoint_type(const char *type, struct perf_event_attr *attr)
667 {
668 	int i;
669 
670 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
671 		if (!type || !type[i])
672 			break;
673 
674 #define CHECK_SET_TYPE(bit)		\
675 do {					\
676 	if (attr->bp_type & bit)	\
677 		return -EINVAL;		\
678 	else				\
679 		attr->bp_type |= bit;	\
680 } while (0)
681 
682 		switch (type[i]) {
683 		case 'r':
684 			CHECK_SET_TYPE(HW_BREAKPOINT_R);
685 			break;
686 		case 'w':
687 			CHECK_SET_TYPE(HW_BREAKPOINT_W);
688 			break;
689 		case 'x':
690 			CHECK_SET_TYPE(HW_BREAKPOINT_X);
691 			break;
692 		default:
693 			return -EINVAL;
694 		}
695 	}
696 
697 #undef CHECK_SET_TYPE
698 
699 	if (!attr->bp_type) /* Default */
700 		attr->bp_type = HW_BREAKPOINT_R | HW_BREAKPOINT_W;
701 
702 	return 0;
703 }
704 
705 int parse_events_add_breakpoint(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
706 				void *ptr, char *type, u64 len)
707 {
708 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
709 
710 	memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
711 	attr.bp_addr = (unsigned long) ptr;
712 
713 	if (parse_breakpoint_type(type, &attr))
714 		return -EINVAL;
715 
716 	/* Provide some defaults if len is not specified */
717 	if (!len) {
718 		if (attr.bp_type == HW_BREAKPOINT_X)
719 			len = sizeof(long);
720 		else
721 			len = HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4;
722 	}
723 
724 	attr.bp_len = len;
725 
726 	attr.type = PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT;
727 	attr.sample_period = 1;
728 
729 	return add_event(list, idx, &attr, NULL, NULL);
730 }
731 
732 static int check_type_val(struct parse_events_term *term,
733 			  struct parse_events_error *err,
734 			  int type)
735 {
736 	if (type == term->type_val)
737 		return 0;
738 
739 	if (err) {
740 		err->idx = term->err_val;
741 		if (type == PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NUM)
742 			err->str = strdup("expected numeric value");
743 		else
744 			err->str = strdup("expected string value");
745 	}
746 	return -EINVAL;
747 }
748 
749 typedef int config_term_func_t(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
750 			       struct parse_events_term *term,
751 			       struct parse_events_error *err);
752 
753 static int config_term_common(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
754 			      struct parse_events_term *term,
755 			      struct parse_events_error *err)
756 {
757 #define CHECK_TYPE_VAL(type)						   \
758 do {									   \
759 	if (check_type_val(term, err, PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_ ## type)) \
760 		return -EINVAL;						   \
761 } while (0)
762 
763 	switch (term->type_term) {
764 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_CONFIG:
765 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
766 		attr->config = term->val.num;
767 		break;
768 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_CONFIG1:
769 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
770 		attr->config1 = term->val.num;
771 		break;
772 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_CONFIG2:
773 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
774 		attr->config2 = term->val.num;
775 		break;
776 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_SAMPLE_PERIOD:
777 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
778 		break;
779 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_SAMPLE_FREQ:
780 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
781 		break;
782 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_BRANCH_SAMPLE_TYPE:
783 		/*
784 		 * TODO uncomment when the field is available
785 		 * attr->branch_sample_type = term->val.num;
786 		 */
787 		break;
788 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_TIME:
789 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
790 		if (term->val.num > 1) {
791 			err->str = strdup("expected 0 or 1");
792 			err->idx = term->err_val;
793 			return -EINVAL;
794 		}
795 		break;
796 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_CALLGRAPH:
797 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(STR);
798 		break;
799 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STACKSIZE:
800 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
801 		break;
802 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_INHERIT:
803 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
804 		break;
805 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NOINHERIT:
806 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(NUM);
807 		break;
808 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NAME:
809 		CHECK_TYPE_VAL(STR);
810 		break;
811 	default:
812 		err->str = strdup("unknown term");
813 		err->idx = term->err_term;
814 		err->help = parse_events_formats_error_string(NULL);
815 		return -EINVAL;
816 	}
817 
818 	return 0;
819 #undef CHECK_TYPE_VAL
820 }
821 
822 static int config_term_pmu(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
823 			   struct parse_events_term *term,
824 			   struct parse_events_error *err)
825 {
826 	if (term->type_term == PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_USER)
827 		/*
828 		 * Always succeed for sysfs terms, as we dont know
829 		 * at this point what type they need to have.
830 		 */
831 		return 0;
832 	else
833 		return config_term_common(attr, term, err);
834 }
835 
836 static int config_term_tracepoint(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
837 				  struct parse_events_term *term,
838 				  struct parse_events_error *err)
839 {
840 	switch (term->type_term) {
841 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_CALLGRAPH:
842 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STACKSIZE:
843 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_INHERIT:
844 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NOINHERIT:
845 		return config_term_common(attr, term, err);
846 	default:
847 		if (err) {
848 			err->idx = term->err_term;
849 			err->str = strdup("unknown term");
850 			err->help = strdup("valid terms: call-graph,stack-size\n");
851 		}
852 		return -EINVAL;
853 	}
854 
855 	return 0;
856 }
857 
858 static int config_attr(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
859 		       struct list_head *head,
860 		       struct parse_events_error *err,
861 		       config_term_func_t config_term)
862 {
863 	struct parse_events_term *term;
864 
865 	list_for_each_entry(term, head, list)
866 		if (config_term(attr, term, err))
867 			return -EINVAL;
868 
869 	return 0;
870 }
871 
872 static int get_config_terms(struct list_head *head_config,
873 			    struct list_head *head_terms __maybe_unused)
874 {
875 #define ADD_CONFIG_TERM(__type, __name, __val)			\
876 do {								\
877 	struct perf_evsel_config_term *__t;			\
878 								\
879 	__t = zalloc(sizeof(*__t));				\
880 	if (!__t)						\
881 		return -ENOMEM;					\
882 								\
883 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&__t->list);				\
884 	__t->type       = PERF_EVSEL__CONFIG_TERM_ ## __type;	\
885 	__t->val.__name = __val;				\
886 	list_add_tail(&__t->list, head_terms);			\
887 } while (0)
888 
889 	struct parse_events_term *term;
890 
891 	list_for_each_entry(term, head_config, list) {
892 		switch (term->type_term) {
893 		case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_SAMPLE_PERIOD:
894 			ADD_CONFIG_TERM(PERIOD, period, term->val.num);
895 			break;
896 		case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_SAMPLE_FREQ:
897 			ADD_CONFIG_TERM(FREQ, freq, term->val.num);
898 			break;
899 		case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_TIME:
900 			ADD_CONFIG_TERM(TIME, time, term->val.num);
901 			break;
902 		case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_CALLGRAPH:
903 			ADD_CONFIG_TERM(CALLGRAPH, callgraph, term->val.str);
904 			break;
905 		case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STACKSIZE:
906 			ADD_CONFIG_TERM(STACK_USER, stack_user, term->val.num);
907 			break;
908 		case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_INHERIT:
909 			ADD_CONFIG_TERM(INHERIT, inherit, term->val.num ? 1 : 0);
910 			break;
911 		case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NOINHERIT:
912 			ADD_CONFIG_TERM(INHERIT, inherit, term->val.num ? 0 : 1);
913 			break;
914 		default:
915 			break;
916 		}
917 	}
918 #undef ADD_EVSEL_CONFIG
919 	return 0;
920 }
921 
922 int parse_events_add_tracepoint(struct list_head *list, int *idx,
923 				char *sys, char *event,
924 				struct parse_events_error *err,
925 				struct list_head *head_config)
926 {
927 	if (head_config) {
928 		struct perf_event_attr attr;
929 
930 		if (config_attr(&attr, head_config, err,
931 				config_term_tracepoint))
932 			return -EINVAL;
933 	}
934 
935 	if (strpbrk(sys, "*?"))
936 		return add_tracepoint_multi_sys(list, idx, sys, event,
937 						err, head_config);
938 	else
939 		return add_tracepoint_event(list, idx, sys, event,
940 					    err, head_config);
941 }
942 
943 int parse_events_add_numeric(struct parse_events_evlist *data,
944 			     struct list_head *list,
945 			     u32 type, u64 config,
946 			     struct list_head *head_config)
947 {
948 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
949 	LIST_HEAD(config_terms);
950 
951 	memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
952 	attr.type = type;
953 	attr.config = config;
954 
955 	if (head_config) {
956 		if (config_attr(&attr, head_config, data->error,
957 				config_term_common))
958 			return -EINVAL;
959 
960 		if (get_config_terms(head_config, &config_terms))
961 			return -ENOMEM;
962 	}
963 
964 	return add_event(list, &data->idx, &attr, NULL, &config_terms);
965 }
966 
967 static int parse_events__is_name_term(struct parse_events_term *term)
968 {
969 	return term->type_term == PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NAME;
970 }
971 
972 static char *pmu_event_name(struct list_head *head_terms)
973 {
974 	struct parse_events_term *term;
975 
976 	list_for_each_entry(term, head_terms, list)
977 		if (parse_events__is_name_term(term))
978 			return term->val.str;
979 
980 	return NULL;
981 }
982 
983 int parse_events_add_pmu(struct parse_events_evlist *data,
984 			 struct list_head *list, char *name,
985 			 struct list_head *head_config)
986 {
987 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
988 	struct perf_pmu_info info;
989 	struct perf_pmu *pmu;
990 	struct perf_evsel *evsel;
991 	LIST_HEAD(config_terms);
992 
993 	pmu = perf_pmu__find(name);
994 	if (!pmu)
995 		return -EINVAL;
996 
997 	if (pmu->default_config) {
998 		memcpy(&attr, pmu->default_config,
999 		       sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));
1000 	} else {
1001 		memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
1002 	}
1003 
1004 	if (!head_config) {
1005 		attr.type = pmu->type;
1006 		evsel = __add_event(list, &data->idx, &attr, NULL, pmu->cpus, NULL);
1007 		return evsel ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
1008 	}
1009 
1010 	if (perf_pmu__check_alias(pmu, head_config, &info))
1011 		return -EINVAL;
1012 
1013 	/*
1014 	 * Configure hardcoded terms first, no need to check
1015 	 * return value when called with fail == 0 ;)
1016 	 */
1017 	if (config_attr(&attr, head_config, data->error, config_term_pmu))
1018 		return -EINVAL;
1019 
1020 	if (get_config_terms(head_config, &config_terms))
1021 		return -ENOMEM;
1022 
1023 	if (perf_pmu__config(pmu, &attr, head_config, data->error))
1024 		return -EINVAL;
1025 
1026 	evsel = __add_event(list, &data->idx, &attr,
1027 			    pmu_event_name(head_config), pmu->cpus,
1028 			    &config_terms);
1029 	if (evsel) {
1030 		evsel->unit = info.unit;
1031 		evsel->scale = info.scale;
1032 		evsel->per_pkg = info.per_pkg;
1033 		evsel->snapshot = info.snapshot;
1034 	}
1035 
1036 	return evsel ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
1037 }
1038 
1039 int parse_events__modifier_group(struct list_head *list,
1040 				 char *event_mod)
1041 {
1042 	return parse_events__modifier_event(list, event_mod, true);
1043 }
1044 
1045 void parse_events__set_leader(char *name, struct list_head *list)
1046 {
1047 	struct perf_evsel *leader;
1048 
1049 	if (list_empty(list)) {
1050 		WARN_ONCE(true, "WARNING: failed to set leader: empty list");
1051 		return;
1052 	}
1053 
1054 	__perf_evlist__set_leader(list);
1055 	leader = list_entry(list->next, struct perf_evsel, node);
1056 	leader->group_name = name ? strdup(name) : NULL;
1057 }
1058 
1059 /* list_event is assumed to point to malloc'ed memory */
1060 void parse_events_update_lists(struct list_head *list_event,
1061 			       struct list_head *list_all)
1062 {
1063 	/*
1064 	 * Called for single event definition. Update the
1065 	 * 'all event' list, and reinit the 'single event'
1066 	 * list, for next event definition.
1067 	 */
1068 	list_splice_tail(list_event, list_all);
1069 	free(list_event);
1070 }
1071 
1072 struct event_modifier {
1073 	int eu;
1074 	int ek;
1075 	int eh;
1076 	int eH;
1077 	int eG;
1078 	int eI;
1079 	int precise;
1080 	int precise_max;
1081 	int exclude_GH;
1082 	int sample_read;
1083 	int pinned;
1084 };
1085 
1086 static int get_event_modifier(struct event_modifier *mod, char *str,
1087 			       struct perf_evsel *evsel)
1088 {
1089 	int eu = evsel ? evsel->attr.exclude_user : 0;
1090 	int ek = evsel ? evsel->attr.exclude_kernel : 0;
1091 	int eh = evsel ? evsel->attr.exclude_hv : 0;
1092 	int eH = evsel ? evsel->attr.exclude_host : 0;
1093 	int eG = evsel ? evsel->attr.exclude_guest : 0;
1094 	int eI = evsel ? evsel->attr.exclude_idle : 0;
1095 	int precise = evsel ? evsel->attr.precise_ip : 0;
1096 	int precise_max = 0;
1097 	int sample_read = 0;
1098 	int pinned = evsel ? evsel->attr.pinned : 0;
1099 
1100 	int exclude = eu | ek | eh;
1101 	int exclude_GH = evsel ? evsel->exclude_GH : 0;
1102 
1103 	memset(mod, 0, sizeof(*mod));
1104 
1105 	while (*str) {
1106 		if (*str == 'u') {
1107 			if (!exclude)
1108 				exclude = eu = ek = eh = 1;
1109 			eu = 0;
1110 		} else if (*str == 'k') {
1111 			if (!exclude)
1112 				exclude = eu = ek = eh = 1;
1113 			ek = 0;
1114 		} else if (*str == 'h') {
1115 			if (!exclude)
1116 				exclude = eu = ek = eh = 1;
1117 			eh = 0;
1118 		} else if (*str == 'G') {
1119 			if (!exclude_GH)
1120 				exclude_GH = eG = eH = 1;
1121 			eG = 0;
1122 		} else if (*str == 'H') {
1123 			if (!exclude_GH)
1124 				exclude_GH = eG = eH = 1;
1125 			eH = 0;
1126 		} else if (*str == 'I') {
1127 			eI = 1;
1128 		} else if (*str == 'p') {
1129 			precise++;
1130 			/* use of precise requires exclude_guest */
1131 			if (!exclude_GH)
1132 				eG = 1;
1133 		} else if (*str == 'P') {
1134 			precise_max = 1;
1135 		} else if (*str == 'S') {
1136 			sample_read = 1;
1137 		} else if (*str == 'D') {
1138 			pinned = 1;
1139 		} else
1140 			break;
1141 
1142 		++str;
1143 	}
1144 
1145 	/*
1146 	 * precise ip:
1147 	 *
1148 	 *  0 - SAMPLE_IP can have arbitrary skid
1149 	 *  1 - SAMPLE_IP must have constant skid
1150 	 *  2 - SAMPLE_IP requested to have 0 skid
1151 	 *  3 - SAMPLE_IP must have 0 skid
1152 	 *
1153 	 *  See also PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP
1154 	 */
1155 	if (precise > 3)
1156 		return -EINVAL;
1157 
1158 	mod->eu = eu;
1159 	mod->ek = ek;
1160 	mod->eh = eh;
1161 	mod->eH = eH;
1162 	mod->eG = eG;
1163 	mod->eI = eI;
1164 	mod->precise = precise;
1165 	mod->precise_max = precise_max;
1166 	mod->exclude_GH = exclude_GH;
1167 	mod->sample_read = sample_read;
1168 	mod->pinned = pinned;
1169 
1170 	return 0;
1171 }
1172 
1173 /*
1174  * Basic modifier sanity check to validate it contains only one
1175  * instance of any modifier (apart from 'p') present.
1176  */
1177 static int check_modifier(char *str)
1178 {
1179 	char *p = str;
1180 
1181 	/* The sizeof includes 0 byte as well. */
1182 	if (strlen(str) > (sizeof("ukhGHpppPSDI") - 1))
1183 		return -1;
1184 
1185 	while (*p) {
1186 		if (*p != 'p' && strchr(p + 1, *p))
1187 			return -1;
1188 		p++;
1189 	}
1190 
1191 	return 0;
1192 }
1193 
1194 int parse_events__modifier_event(struct list_head *list, char *str, bool add)
1195 {
1196 	struct perf_evsel *evsel;
1197 	struct event_modifier mod;
1198 
1199 	if (str == NULL)
1200 		return 0;
1201 
1202 	if (check_modifier(str))
1203 		return -EINVAL;
1204 
1205 	if (!add && get_event_modifier(&mod, str, NULL))
1206 		return -EINVAL;
1207 
1208 	__evlist__for_each(list, evsel) {
1209 		if (add && get_event_modifier(&mod, str, evsel))
1210 			return -EINVAL;
1211 
1212 		evsel->attr.exclude_user   = mod.eu;
1213 		evsel->attr.exclude_kernel = mod.ek;
1214 		evsel->attr.exclude_hv     = mod.eh;
1215 		evsel->attr.precise_ip     = mod.precise;
1216 		evsel->attr.exclude_host   = mod.eH;
1217 		evsel->attr.exclude_guest  = mod.eG;
1218 		evsel->attr.exclude_idle   = mod.eI;
1219 		evsel->exclude_GH          = mod.exclude_GH;
1220 		evsel->sample_read         = mod.sample_read;
1221 		evsel->precise_max         = mod.precise_max;
1222 
1223 		if (perf_evsel__is_group_leader(evsel))
1224 			evsel->attr.pinned = mod.pinned;
1225 	}
1226 
1227 	return 0;
1228 }
1229 
1230 int parse_events_name(struct list_head *list, char *name)
1231 {
1232 	struct perf_evsel *evsel;
1233 
1234 	__evlist__for_each(list, evsel) {
1235 		if (!evsel->name)
1236 			evsel->name = strdup(name);
1237 	}
1238 
1239 	return 0;
1240 }
1241 
1242 static int
1243 comp_pmu(const void *p1, const void *p2)
1244 {
1245 	struct perf_pmu_event_symbol *pmu1 = (struct perf_pmu_event_symbol *) p1;
1246 	struct perf_pmu_event_symbol *pmu2 = (struct perf_pmu_event_symbol *) p2;
1247 
1248 	return strcmp(pmu1->symbol, pmu2->symbol);
1249 }
1250 
1251 static void perf_pmu__parse_cleanup(void)
1252 {
1253 	if (perf_pmu_events_list_num > 0) {
1254 		struct perf_pmu_event_symbol *p;
1255 		int i;
1256 
1257 		for (i = 0; i < perf_pmu_events_list_num; i++) {
1258 			p = perf_pmu_events_list + i;
1259 			free(p->symbol);
1260 		}
1261 		free(perf_pmu_events_list);
1262 		perf_pmu_events_list = NULL;
1263 		perf_pmu_events_list_num = 0;
1264 	}
1265 }
1266 
1267 #define SET_SYMBOL(str, stype)		\
1268 do {					\
1269 	p->symbol = str;		\
1270 	if (!p->symbol)			\
1271 		goto err;		\
1272 	p->type = stype;		\
1273 } while (0)
1274 
1275 /*
1276  * Read the pmu events list from sysfs
1277  * Save it into perf_pmu_events_list
1278  */
1279 static void perf_pmu__parse_init(void)
1280 {
1281 
1282 	struct perf_pmu *pmu = NULL;
1283 	struct perf_pmu_alias *alias;
1284 	int len = 0;
1285 
1286 	pmu = perf_pmu__find("cpu");
1287 	if ((pmu == NULL) || list_empty(&pmu->aliases)) {
1288 		perf_pmu_events_list_num = -1;
1289 		return;
1290 	}
1291 	list_for_each_entry(alias, &pmu->aliases, list) {
1292 		if (strchr(alias->name, '-'))
1293 			len++;
1294 		len++;
1295 	}
1296 	perf_pmu_events_list = malloc(sizeof(struct perf_pmu_event_symbol) * len);
1297 	if (!perf_pmu_events_list)
1298 		return;
1299 	perf_pmu_events_list_num = len;
1300 
1301 	len = 0;
1302 	list_for_each_entry(alias, &pmu->aliases, list) {
1303 		struct perf_pmu_event_symbol *p = perf_pmu_events_list + len;
1304 		char *tmp = strchr(alias->name, '-');
1305 
1306 		if (tmp != NULL) {
1307 			SET_SYMBOL(strndup(alias->name, tmp - alias->name),
1308 					PMU_EVENT_SYMBOL_PREFIX);
1309 			p++;
1310 			SET_SYMBOL(strdup(++tmp), PMU_EVENT_SYMBOL_SUFFIX);
1311 			len += 2;
1312 		} else {
1313 			SET_SYMBOL(strdup(alias->name), PMU_EVENT_SYMBOL);
1314 			len++;
1315 		}
1316 	}
1317 	qsort(perf_pmu_events_list, len,
1318 		sizeof(struct perf_pmu_event_symbol), comp_pmu);
1319 
1320 	return;
1321 err:
1322 	perf_pmu__parse_cleanup();
1323 }
1324 
1325 enum perf_pmu_event_symbol_type
1326 perf_pmu__parse_check(const char *name)
1327 {
1328 	struct perf_pmu_event_symbol p, *r;
1329 
1330 	/* scan kernel pmu events from sysfs if needed */
1331 	if (perf_pmu_events_list_num == 0)
1332 		perf_pmu__parse_init();
1333 	/*
1334 	 * name "cpu" could be prefix of cpu-cycles or cpu// events.
1335 	 * cpu-cycles has been handled by hardcode.
1336 	 * So it must be cpu// events, not kernel pmu event.
1337 	 */
1338 	if ((perf_pmu_events_list_num <= 0) || !strcmp(name, "cpu"))
1339 		return PMU_EVENT_SYMBOL_ERR;
1340 
1341 	p.symbol = strdup(name);
1342 	r = bsearch(&p, perf_pmu_events_list,
1343 			(size_t) perf_pmu_events_list_num,
1344 			sizeof(struct perf_pmu_event_symbol), comp_pmu);
1345 	free(p.symbol);
1346 	return r ? r->type : PMU_EVENT_SYMBOL_ERR;
1347 }
1348 
1349 static int parse_events__scanner(const char *str, void *data, int start_token)
1350 {
1351 	YY_BUFFER_STATE buffer;
1352 	void *scanner;
1353 	int ret;
1354 
1355 	ret = parse_events_lex_init_extra(start_token, &scanner);
1356 	if (ret)
1357 		return ret;
1358 
1359 	buffer = parse_events__scan_string(str, scanner);
1360 
1361 #ifdef PARSER_DEBUG
1362 	parse_events_debug = 1;
1363 #endif
1364 	ret = parse_events_parse(data, scanner);
1365 
1366 	parse_events__flush_buffer(buffer, scanner);
1367 	parse_events__delete_buffer(buffer, scanner);
1368 	parse_events_lex_destroy(scanner);
1369 	return ret;
1370 }
1371 
1372 /*
1373  * parse event config string, return a list of event terms.
1374  */
1375 int parse_events_terms(struct list_head *terms, const char *str)
1376 {
1377 	struct parse_events_terms data = {
1378 		.terms = NULL,
1379 	};
1380 	int ret;
1381 
1382 	ret = parse_events__scanner(str, &data, PE_START_TERMS);
1383 	if (!ret) {
1384 		list_splice(data.terms, terms);
1385 		zfree(&data.terms);
1386 		return 0;
1387 	}
1388 
1389 	if (data.terms)
1390 		parse_events__free_terms(data.terms);
1391 	return ret;
1392 }
1393 
1394 int parse_events(struct perf_evlist *evlist, const char *str,
1395 		 struct parse_events_error *err)
1396 {
1397 	struct parse_events_evlist data = {
1398 		.list  = LIST_HEAD_INIT(data.list),
1399 		.idx   = evlist->nr_entries,
1400 		.error = err,
1401 	};
1402 	int ret;
1403 
1404 	ret = parse_events__scanner(str, &data, PE_START_EVENTS);
1405 	perf_pmu__parse_cleanup();
1406 	if (!ret) {
1407 		struct perf_evsel *last;
1408 
1409 		if (list_empty(&data.list)) {
1410 			WARN_ONCE(true, "WARNING: event parser found nothing");
1411 			return -1;
1412 		}
1413 
1414 		perf_evlist__splice_list_tail(evlist, &data.list);
1415 		evlist->nr_groups += data.nr_groups;
1416 		last = perf_evlist__last(evlist);
1417 		last->cmdline_group_boundary = true;
1418 
1419 		return 0;
1420 	}
1421 
1422 	/*
1423 	 * There are 2 users - builtin-record and builtin-test objects.
1424 	 * Both call perf_evlist__delete in case of error, so we dont
1425 	 * need to bother.
1426 	 */
1427 	return ret;
1428 }
1429 
1430 #define MAX_WIDTH 1000
1431 static int get_term_width(void)
1432 {
1433 	struct winsize ws;
1434 
1435 	get_term_dimensions(&ws);
1436 	return ws.ws_col > MAX_WIDTH ? MAX_WIDTH : ws.ws_col;
1437 }
1438 
1439 static void parse_events_print_error(struct parse_events_error *err,
1440 				     const char *event)
1441 {
1442 	const char *str = "invalid or unsupported event: ";
1443 	char _buf[MAX_WIDTH];
1444 	char *buf = (char *) event;
1445 	int idx = 0;
1446 
1447 	if (err->str) {
1448 		/* -2 for extra '' in the final fprintf */
1449 		int width       = get_term_width() - 2;
1450 		int len_event   = strlen(event);
1451 		int len_str, max_len, cut = 0;
1452 
1453 		/*
1454 		 * Maximum error index indent, we will cut
1455 		 * the event string if it's bigger.
1456 		 */
1457 		int max_err_idx = 13;
1458 
1459 		/*
1460 		 * Let's be specific with the message when
1461 		 * we have the precise error.
1462 		 */
1463 		str     = "event syntax error: ";
1464 		len_str = strlen(str);
1465 		max_len = width - len_str;
1466 
1467 		buf = _buf;
1468 
1469 		/* We're cutting from the beggining. */
1470 		if (err->idx > max_err_idx)
1471 			cut = err->idx - max_err_idx;
1472 
1473 		strncpy(buf, event + cut, max_len);
1474 
1475 		/* Mark cut parts with '..' on both sides. */
1476 		if (cut)
1477 			buf[0] = buf[1] = '.';
1478 
1479 		if ((len_event - cut) > max_len) {
1480 			buf[max_len - 1] = buf[max_len - 2] = '.';
1481 			buf[max_len] = 0;
1482 		}
1483 
1484 		idx = len_str + err->idx - cut;
1485 	}
1486 
1487 	fprintf(stderr, "%s'%s'\n", str, buf);
1488 	if (idx) {
1489 		fprintf(stderr, "%*s\\___ %s\n", idx + 1, "", err->str);
1490 		if (err->help)
1491 			fprintf(stderr, "\n%s\n", err->help);
1492 		free(err->str);
1493 		free(err->help);
1494 	}
1495 
1496 	fprintf(stderr, "Run 'perf list' for a list of valid events\n");
1497 }
1498 
1499 #undef MAX_WIDTH
1500 
1501 int parse_events_option(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
1502 			int unset __maybe_unused)
1503 {
1504 	struct perf_evlist *evlist = *(struct perf_evlist **)opt->value;
1505 	struct parse_events_error err = { .idx = 0, };
1506 	int ret = parse_events(evlist, str, &err);
1507 
1508 	if (ret)
1509 		parse_events_print_error(&err, str);
1510 
1511 	return ret;
1512 }
1513 
1514 static int
1515 foreach_evsel_in_last_glob(struct perf_evlist *evlist,
1516 			   int (*func)(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
1517 				       const void *arg),
1518 			   const void *arg)
1519 {
1520 	struct perf_evsel *last = NULL;
1521 	int err;
1522 
1523 	/*
1524 	 * Don't return when list_empty, give func a chance to report
1525 	 * error when it found last == NULL.
1526 	 *
1527 	 * So no need to WARN here, let *func do this.
1528 	 */
1529 	if (evlist->nr_entries > 0)
1530 		last = perf_evlist__last(evlist);
1531 
1532 	do {
1533 		err = (*func)(last, arg);
1534 		if (err)
1535 			return -1;
1536 		if (!last)
1537 			return 0;
1538 
1539 		if (last->node.prev == &evlist->entries)
1540 			return 0;
1541 		last = list_entry(last->node.prev, struct perf_evsel, node);
1542 	} while (!last->cmdline_group_boundary);
1543 
1544 	return 0;
1545 }
1546 
1547 static int set_filter(struct perf_evsel *evsel, const void *arg)
1548 {
1549 	const char *str = arg;
1550 
1551 	if (evsel == NULL || evsel->attr.type != PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT) {
1552 		fprintf(stderr,
1553 			"--filter option should follow a -e tracepoint option\n");
1554 		return -1;
1555 	}
1556 
1557 	if (perf_evsel__append_filter(evsel, "&&", str) < 0) {
1558 		fprintf(stderr,
1559 			"not enough memory to hold filter string\n");
1560 		return -1;
1561 	}
1562 
1563 	return 0;
1564 }
1565 
1566 int parse_filter(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
1567 		 int unset __maybe_unused)
1568 {
1569 	struct perf_evlist *evlist = *(struct perf_evlist **)opt->value;
1570 
1571 	return foreach_evsel_in_last_glob(evlist, set_filter,
1572 					  (const void *)str);
1573 }
1574 
1575 static int add_exclude_perf_filter(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
1576 				   const void *arg __maybe_unused)
1577 {
1578 	char new_filter[64];
1579 
1580 	if (evsel == NULL || evsel->attr.type != PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT) {
1581 		fprintf(stderr,
1582 			"--exclude-perf option should follow a -e tracepoint option\n");
1583 		return -1;
1584 	}
1585 
1586 	snprintf(new_filter, sizeof(new_filter), "common_pid != %d", getpid());
1587 
1588 	if (perf_evsel__append_filter(evsel, "&&", new_filter) < 0) {
1589 		fprintf(stderr,
1590 			"not enough memory to hold filter string\n");
1591 		return -1;
1592 	}
1593 
1594 	return 0;
1595 }
1596 
1597 int exclude_perf(const struct option *opt,
1598 		 const char *arg __maybe_unused,
1599 		 int unset __maybe_unused)
1600 {
1601 	struct perf_evlist *evlist = *(struct perf_evlist **)opt->value;
1602 
1603 	return foreach_evsel_in_last_glob(evlist, add_exclude_perf_filter,
1604 					  NULL);
1605 }
1606 
1607 static const char * const event_type_descriptors[] = {
1608 	"Hardware event",
1609 	"Software event",
1610 	"Tracepoint event",
1611 	"Hardware cache event",
1612 	"Raw hardware event descriptor",
1613 	"Hardware breakpoint",
1614 };
1615 
1616 static int cmp_string(const void *a, const void *b)
1617 {
1618 	const char * const *as = a;
1619 	const char * const *bs = b;
1620 
1621 	return strcmp(*as, *bs);
1622 }
1623 
1624 /*
1625  * Print the events from <debugfs_mount_point>/tracing/events
1626  */
1627 
1628 void print_tracepoint_events(const char *subsys_glob, const char *event_glob,
1629 			     bool name_only)
1630 {
1631 	DIR *sys_dir, *evt_dir;
1632 	struct dirent *sys_next, *evt_next, sys_dirent, evt_dirent;
1633 	char evt_path[MAXPATHLEN];
1634 	char dir_path[MAXPATHLEN];
1635 	char **evt_list = NULL;
1636 	unsigned int evt_i = 0, evt_num = 0;
1637 	bool evt_num_known = false;
1638 
1639 restart:
1640 	sys_dir = opendir(tracing_events_path);
1641 	if (!sys_dir)
1642 		return;
1643 
1644 	if (evt_num_known) {
1645 		evt_list = zalloc(sizeof(char *) * evt_num);
1646 		if (!evt_list)
1647 			goto out_close_sys_dir;
1648 	}
1649 
1650 	for_each_subsystem(sys_dir, sys_dirent, sys_next) {
1651 		if (subsys_glob != NULL &&
1652 		    !strglobmatch(sys_dirent.d_name, subsys_glob))
1653 			continue;
1654 
1655 		snprintf(dir_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", tracing_events_path,
1656 			 sys_dirent.d_name);
1657 		evt_dir = opendir(dir_path);
1658 		if (!evt_dir)
1659 			continue;
1660 
1661 		for_each_event(sys_dirent, evt_dir, evt_dirent, evt_next) {
1662 			if (event_glob != NULL &&
1663 			    !strglobmatch(evt_dirent.d_name, event_glob))
1664 				continue;
1665 
1666 			if (!evt_num_known) {
1667 				evt_num++;
1668 				continue;
1669 			}
1670 
1671 			snprintf(evt_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s:%s",
1672 				 sys_dirent.d_name, evt_dirent.d_name);
1673 
1674 			evt_list[evt_i] = strdup(evt_path);
1675 			if (evt_list[evt_i] == NULL)
1676 				goto out_close_evt_dir;
1677 			evt_i++;
1678 		}
1679 		closedir(evt_dir);
1680 	}
1681 	closedir(sys_dir);
1682 
1683 	if (!evt_num_known) {
1684 		evt_num_known = true;
1685 		goto restart;
1686 	}
1687 	qsort(evt_list, evt_num, sizeof(char *), cmp_string);
1688 	evt_i = 0;
1689 	while (evt_i < evt_num) {
1690 		if (name_only) {
1691 			printf("%s ", evt_list[evt_i++]);
1692 			continue;
1693 		}
1694 		printf("  %-50s [%s]\n", evt_list[evt_i++],
1695 				event_type_descriptors[PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT]);
1696 	}
1697 	if (evt_num && pager_in_use())
1698 		printf("\n");
1699 
1700 out_free:
1701 	evt_num = evt_i;
1702 	for (evt_i = 0; evt_i < evt_num; evt_i++)
1703 		zfree(&evt_list[evt_i]);
1704 	zfree(&evt_list);
1705 	return;
1706 
1707 out_close_evt_dir:
1708 	closedir(evt_dir);
1709 out_close_sys_dir:
1710 	closedir(sys_dir);
1711 
1712 	printf("FATAL: not enough memory to print %s\n",
1713 			event_type_descriptors[PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT]);
1714 	if (evt_list)
1715 		goto out_free;
1716 }
1717 
1718 /*
1719  * Check whether event is in <debugfs_mount_point>/tracing/events
1720  */
1721 
1722 int is_valid_tracepoint(const char *event_string)
1723 {
1724 	DIR *sys_dir, *evt_dir;
1725 	struct dirent *sys_next, *evt_next, sys_dirent, evt_dirent;
1726 	char evt_path[MAXPATHLEN];
1727 	char dir_path[MAXPATHLEN];
1728 
1729 	sys_dir = opendir(tracing_events_path);
1730 	if (!sys_dir)
1731 		return 0;
1732 
1733 	for_each_subsystem(sys_dir, sys_dirent, sys_next) {
1734 
1735 		snprintf(dir_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", tracing_events_path,
1736 			 sys_dirent.d_name);
1737 		evt_dir = opendir(dir_path);
1738 		if (!evt_dir)
1739 			continue;
1740 
1741 		for_each_event(sys_dirent, evt_dir, evt_dirent, evt_next) {
1742 			snprintf(evt_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s:%s",
1743 				 sys_dirent.d_name, evt_dirent.d_name);
1744 			if (!strcmp(evt_path, event_string)) {
1745 				closedir(evt_dir);
1746 				closedir(sys_dir);
1747 				return 1;
1748 			}
1749 		}
1750 		closedir(evt_dir);
1751 	}
1752 	closedir(sys_dir);
1753 	return 0;
1754 }
1755 
1756 static bool is_event_supported(u8 type, unsigned config)
1757 {
1758 	bool ret = true;
1759 	int open_return;
1760 	struct perf_evsel *evsel;
1761 	struct perf_event_attr attr = {
1762 		.type = type,
1763 		.config = config,
1764 		.disabled = 1,
1765 	};
1766 	struct {
1767 		struct thread_map map;
1768 		int threads[1];
1769 	} tmap = {
1770 		.map.nr	 = 1,
1771 		.threads = { 0 },
1772 	};
1773 
1774 	evsel = perf_evsel__new(&attr);
1775 	if (evsel) {
1776 		open_return = perf_evsel__open(evsel, NULL, &tmap.map);
1777 		ret = open_return >= 0;
1778 
1779 		if (open_return == -EACCES) {
1780 			/*
1781 			 * This happens if the paranoid value
1782 			 * /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid is set to 2
1783 			 * Re-run with exclude_kernel set; we don't do that
1784 			 * by default as some ARM machines do not support it.
1785 			 *
1786 			 */
1787 			evsel->attr.exclude_kernel = 1;
1788 			ret = perf_evsel__open(evsel, NULL, &tmap.map) >= 0;
1789 		}
1790 		perf_evsel__delete(evsel);
1791 	}
1792 
1793 	return ret;
1794 }
1795 
1796 int print_hwcache_events(const char *event_glob, bool name_only)
1797 {
1798 	unsigned int type, op, i, evt_i = 0, evt_num = 0;
1799 	char name[64];
1800 	char **evt_list = NULL;
1801 	bool evt_num_known = false;
1802 
1803 restart:
1804 	if (evt_num_known) {
1805 		evt_list = zalloc(sizeof(char *) * evt_num);
1806 		if (!evt_list)
1807 			goto out_enomem;
1808 	}
1809 
1810 	for (type = 0; type < PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MAX; type++) {
1811 		for (op = 0; op < PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_MAX; op++) {
1812 			/* skip invalid cache type */
1813 			if (!perf_evsel__is_cache_op_valid(type, op))
1814 				continue;
1815 
1816 			for (i = 0; i < PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MAX; i++) {
1817 				__perf_evsel__hw_cache_type_op_res_name(type, op, i,
1818 									name, sizeof(name));
1819 				if (event_glob != NULL && !strglobmatch(name, event_glob))
1820 					continue;
1821 
1822 				if (!is_event_supported(PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
1823 							type | (op << 8) | (i << 16)))
1824 					continue;
1825 
1826 				if (!evt_num_known) {
1827 					evt_num++;
1828 					continue;
1829 				}
1830 
1831 				evt_list[evt_i] = strdup(name);
1832 				if (evt_list[evt_i] == NULL)
1833 					goto out_enomem;
1834 				evt_i++;
1835 			}
1836 		}
1837 	}
1838 
1839 	if (!evt_num_known) {
1840 		evt_num_known = true;
1841 		goto restart;
1842 	}
1843 	qsort(evt_list, evt_num, sizeof(char *), cmp_string);
1844 	evt_i = 0;
1845 	while (evt_i < evt_num) {
1846 		if (name_only) {
1847 			printf("%s ", evt_list[evt_i++]);
1848 			continue;
1849 		}
1850 		printf("  %-50s [%s]\n", evt_list[evt_i++],
1851 				event_type_descriptors[PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE]);
1852 	}
1853 	if (evt_num && pager_in_use())
1854 		printf("\n");
1855 
1856 out_free:
1857 	evt_num = evt_i;
1858 	for (evt_i = 0; evt_i < evt_num; evt_i++)
1859 		zfree(&evt_list[evt_i]);
1860 	zfree(&evt_list);
1861 	return evt_num;
1862 
1863 out_enomem:
1864 	printf("FATAL: not enough memory to print %s\n", event_type_descriptors[PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE]);
1865 	if (evt_list)
1866 		goto out_free;
1867 	return evt_num;
1868 }
1869 
1870 void print_symbol_events(const char *event_glob, unsigned type,
1871 				struct event_symbol *syms, unsigned max,
1872 				bool name_only)
1873 {
1874 	unsigned int i, evt_i = 0, evt_num = 0;
1875 	char name[MAX_NAME_LEN];
1876 	char **evt_list = NULL;
1877 	bool evt_num_known = false;
1878 
1879 restart:
1880 	if (evt_num_known) {
1881 		evt_list = zalloc(sizeof(char *) * evt_num);
1882 		if (!evt_list)
1883 			goto out_enomem;
1884 		syms -= max;
1885 	}
1886 
1887 	for (i = 0; i < max; i++, syms++) {
1888 
1889 		if (event_glob != NULL && syms->symbol != NULL &&
1890 		    !(strglobmatch(syms->symbol, event_glob) ||
1891 		      (syms->alias && strglobmatch(syms->alias, event_glob))))
1892 			continue;
1893 
1894 		if (!is_event_supported(type, i))
1895 			continue;
1896 
1897 		if (!evt_num_known) {
1898 			evt_num++;
1899 			continue;
1900 		}
1901 
1902 		if (!name_only && strlen(syms->alias))
1903 			snprintf(name, MAX_NAME_LEN, "%s OR %s", syms->symbol, syms->alias);
1904 		else
1905 			strncpy(name, syms->symbol, MAX_NAME_LEN);
1906 
1907 		evt_list[evt_i] = strdup(name);
1908 		if (evt_list[evt_i] == NULL)
1909 			goto out_enomem;
1910 		evt_i++;
1911 	}
1912 
1913 	if (!evt_num_known) {
1914 		evt_num_known = true;
1915 		goto restart;
1916 	}
1917 	qsort(evt_list, evt_num, sizeof(char *), cmp_string);
1918 	evt_i = 0;
1919 	while (evt_i < evt_num) {
1920 		if (name_only) {
1921 			printf("%s ", evt_list[evt_i++]);
1922 			continue;
1923 		}
1924 		printf("  %-50s [%s]\n", evt_list[evt_i++], event_type_descriptors[type]);
1925 	}
1926 	if (evt_num && pager_in_use())
1927 		printf("\n");
1928 
1929 out_free:
1930 	evt_num = evt_i;
1931 	for (evt_i = 0; evt_i < evt_num; evt_i++)
1932 		zfree(&evt_list[evt_i]);
1933 	zfree(&evt_list);
1934 	return;
1935 
1936 out_enomem:
1937 	printf("FATAL: not enough memory to print %s\n", event_type_descriptors[type]);
1938 	if (evt_list)
1939 		goto out_free;
1940 }
1941 
1942 /*
1943  * Print the help text for the event symbols:
1944  */
1945 void print_events(const char *event_glob, bool name_only)
1946 {
1947 	print_symbol_events(event_glob, PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
1948 			    event_symbols_hw, PERF_COUNT_HW_MAX, name_only);
1949 
1950 	print_symbol_events(event_glob, PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE,
1951 			    event_symbols_sw, PERF_COUNT_SW_MAX, name_only);
1952 
1953 	print_hwcache_events(event_glob, name_only);
1954 
1955 	print_pmu_events(event_glob, name_only);
1956 
1957 	if (event_glob != NULL)
1958 		return;
1959 
1960 	if (!name_only) {
1961 		printf("  %-50s [%s]\n",
1962 		       "rNNN",
1963 		       event_type_descriptors[PERF_TYPE_RAW]);
1964 		printf("  %-50s [%s]\n",
1965 		       "cpu/t1=v1[,t2=v2,t3 ...]/modifier",
1966 		       event_type_descriptors[PERF_TYPE_RAW]);
1967 		if (pager_in_use())
1968 			printf("   (see 'man perf-list' on how to encode it)\n\n");
1969 
1970 		printf("  %-50s [%s]\n",
1971 		       "mem:<addr>[/len][:access]",
1972 			event_type_descriptors[PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT]);
1973 		if (pager_in_use())
1974 			printf("\n");
1975 	}
1976 
1977 	print_tracepoint_events(NULL, NULL, name_only);
1978 }
1979 
1980 int parse_events__is_hardcoded_term(struct parse_events_term *term)
1981 {
1982 	return term->type_term != PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_USER;
1983 }
1984 
1985 static int new_term(struct parse_events_term **_term, int type_val,
1986 		    int type_term, char *config,
1987 		    char *str, u64 num, int err_term, int err_val)
1988 {
1989 	struct parse_events_term *term;
1990 
1991 	term = zalloc(sizeof(*term));
1992 	if (!term)
1993 		return -ENOMEM;
1994 
1995 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&term->list);
1996 	term->type_val  = type_val;
1997 	term->type_term = type_term;
1998 	term->config = config;
1999 	term->err_term = err_term;
2000 	term->err_val  = err_val;
2001 
2002 	switch (type_val) {
2003 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NUM:
2004 		term->val.num = num;
2005 		break;
2006 	case PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STR:
2007 		term->val.str = str;
2008 		break;
2009 	default:
2010 		free(term);
2011 		return -EINVAL;
2012 	}
2013 
2014 	*_term = term;
2015 	return 0;
2016 }
2017 
2018 int parse_events_term__num(struct parse_events_term **term,
2019 			   int type_term, char *config, u64 num,
2020 			   void *loc_term_, void *loc_val_)
2021 {
2022 	YYLTYPE *loc_term = loc_term_;
2023 	YYLTYPE *loc_val = loc_val_;
2024 
2025 	return new_term(term, PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NUM, type_term,
2026 			config, NULL, num,
2027 			loc_term ? loc_term->first_column : 0,
2028 			loc_val ? loc_val->first_column : 0);
2029 }
2030 
2031 int parse_events_term__str(struct parse_events_term **term,
2032 			   int type_term, char *config, char *str,
2033 			   void *loc_term_, void *loc_val_)
2034 {
2035 	YYLTYPE *loc_term = loc_term_;
2036 	YYLTYPE *loc_val = loc_val_;
2037 
2038 	return new_term(term, PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STR, type_term,
2039 			config, str, 0,
2040 			loc_term ? loc_term->first_column : 0,
2041 			loc_val ? loc_val->first_column : 0);
2042 }
2043 
2044 int parse_events_term__sym_hw(struct parse_events_term **term,
2045 			      char *config, unsigned idx)
2046 {
2047 	struct event_symbol *sym;
2048 
2049 	BUG_ON(idx >= PERF_COUNT_HW_MAX);
2050 	sym = &event_symbols_hw[idx];
2051 
2052 	if (config)
2053 		return new_term(term, PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STR,
2054 				PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_USER, config,
2055 				(char *) sym->symbol, 0, 0, 0);
2056 	else
2057 		return new_term(term, PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STR,
2058 				PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_USER,
2059 				(char *) "event", (char *) sym->symbol,
2060 				0, 0, 0);
2061 }
2062 
2063 int parse_events_term__clone(struct parse_events_term **new,
2064 			     struct parse_events_term *term)
2065 {
2066 	return new_term(new, term->type_val, term->type_term, term->config,
2067 			term->val.str, term->val.num,
2068 			term->err_term, term->err_val);
2069 }
2070 
2071 void parse_events__free_terms(struct list_head *terms)
2072 {
2073 	struct parse_events_term *term, *h;
2074 
2075 	list_for_each_entry_safe(term, h, terms, list)
2076 		free(term);
2077 }
2078 
2079 void parse_events_evlist_error(struct parse_events_evlist *data,
2080 			       int idx, const char *str)
2081 {
2082 	struct parse_events_error *err = data->error;
2083 
2084 	if (!err)
2085 		return;
2086 	err->idx = idx;
2087 	err->str = strdup(str);
2088 	WARN_ONCE(!err->str, "WARNING: failed to allocate error string");
2089 }
2090 
2091 /*
2092  * Return string contains valid config terms of an event.
2093  * @additional_terms: For terms such as PMU sysfs terms.
2094  */
2095 char *parse_events_formats_error_string(char *additional_terms)
2096 {
2097 	char *str;
2098 	static const char *static_terms = "config,config1,config2,name,"
2099 					  "period,freq,branch_type,time,"
2100 					  "call-graph,stack-size\n";
2101 
2102 	/* valid terms */
2103 	if (additional_terms) {
2104 		if (!asprintf(&str, "valid terms: %s,%s",
2105 			      additional_terms, static_terms))
2106 			goto fail;
2107 	} else {
2108 		if (!asprintf(&str, "valid terms: %s", static_terms))
2109 			goto fail;
2110 	}
2111 	return str;
2112 
2113 fail:
2114 	return NULL;
2115 }
2116