1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 2015 Davidlohr Bueso.
3  *
4  * Block a bunch of threads and let parallel waker threads wakeup an
5  * equal amount of them. The program output reflects the avg latency
6  * for each individual thread to service its share of work. Ultimately
7  * it can be used to measure futex_wake() changes.
8  */
9 
10 #include "../perf.h"
11 #include "../util/util.h"
12 #include "../util/stat.h"
13 #include "../util/parse-options.h"
14 #include "../util/header.h"
15 #include "bench.h"
16 #include "futex.h"
17 
18 #include <err.h>
19 #include <stdlib.h>
20 #include <sys/time.h>
21 #include <pthread.h>
22 
23 struct thread_data {
24 	pthread_t worker;
25 	unsigned int nwoken;
26 	struct timeval runtime;
27 };
28 
29 static unsigned int nwakes = 1;
30 
31 /* all threads will block on the same futex -- hash bucket chaos ;) */
32 static u_int32_t futex = 0;
33 
34 static pthread_t *blocked_worker;
35 static bool done = false, silent = false, fshared = false;
36 static unsigned int nblocked_threads = 0, nwaking_threads = 0;
37 static pthread_mutex_t thread_lock;
38 static pthread_cond_t thread_parent, thread_worker;
39 static struct stats waketime_stats, wakeup_stats;
40 static unsigned int ncpus, threads_starting;
41 static int futex_flag = 0;
42 
43 static const struct option options[] = {
44 	OPT_UINTEGER('t', "threads", &nblocked_threads, "Specify amount of threads"),
45 	OPT_UINTEGER('w', "nwakers", &nwaking_threads, "Specify amount of waking threads"),
46 	OPT_BOOLEAN( 's', "silent",  &silent,   "Silent mode: do not display data/details"),
47 	OPT_BOOLEAN( 'S', "shared",  &fshared,  "Use shared futexes instead of private ones"),
48 	OPT_END()
49 };
50 
51 static const char * const bench_futex_wake_parallel_usage[] = {
52 	"perf bench futex wake-parallel <options>",
53 	NULL
54 };
55 
56 static void *waking_workerfn(void *arg)
57 {
58 	struct thread_data *waker = (struct thread_data *) arg;
59 	struct timeval start, end;
60 
61 	gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
62 
63 	waker->nwoken = futex_wake(&futex, nwakes, futex_flag);
64 	if (waker->nwoken != nwakes)
65 		warnx("couldn't wakeup all tasks (%d/%d)",
66 		      waker->nwoken, nwakes);
67 
68 	gettimeofday(&end, NULL);
69 	timersub(&end, &start, &waker->runtime);
70 
71 	pthread_exit(NULL);
72 	return NULL;
73 }
74 
75 static void wakeup_threads(struct thread_data *td, pthread_attr_t thread_attr)
76 {
77 	unsigned int i;
78 
79 	pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&thread_attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE);
80 
81 	/* create and block all threads */
82 	for (i = 0; i < nwaking_threads; i++) {
83 		/*
84 		 * Thread creation order will impact per-thread latency
85 		 * as it will affect the order to acquire the hb spinlock.
86 		 * For now let the scheduler decide.
87 		 */
88 		if (pthread_create(&td[i].worker, &thread_attr,
89 				   waking_workerfn, (void *)&td[i]))
90 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "pthread_create");
91 	}
92 
93 	for (i = 0; i < nwaking_threads; i++)
94 		if (pthread_join(td[i].worker, NULL))
95 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "pthread_join");
96 }
97 
98 static void *blocked_workerfn(void *arg __maybe_unused)
99 {
100 	pthread_mutex_lock(&thread_lock);
101 	threads_starting--;
102 	if (!threads_starting)
103 		pthread_cond_signal(&thread_parent);
104 	pthread_cond_wait(&thread_worker, &thread_lock);
105 	pthread_mutex_unlock(&thread_lock);
106 
107 	while (1) { /* handle spurious wakeups */
108 		if (futex_wait(&futex, 0, NULL, futex_flag) != EINTR)
109 			break;
110 	}
111 
112 	pthread_exit(NULL);
113 	return NULL;
114 }
115 
116 static void block_threads(pthread_t *w, pthread_attr_t thread_attr)
117 {
118 	cpu_set_t cpu;
119 	unsigned int i;
120 
121 	threads_starting = nblocked_threads;
122 
123 	/* create and block all threads */
124 	for (i = 0; i < nblocked_threads; i++) {
125 		CPU_ZERO(&cpu);
126 		CPU_SET(i % ncpus, &cpu);
127 
128 		if (pthread_attr_setaffinity_np(&thread_attr, sizeof(cpu_set_t), &cpu))
129 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "pthread_attr_setaffinity_np");
130 
131 		if (pthread_create(&w[i], &thread_attr, blocked_workerfn, NULL))
132 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "pthread_create");
133 	}
134 }
135 
136 static void print_run(struct thread_data *waking_worker, unsigned int run_num)
137 {
138 	unsigned int i, wakeup_avg;
139 	double waketime_avg, waketime_stddev;
140 	struct stats __waketime_stats, __wakeup_stats;
141 
142 	init_stats(&__wakeup_stats);
143 	init_stats(&__waketime_stats);
144 
145 	for (i = 0; i < nwaking_threads; i++) {
146 		update_stats(&__waketime_stats, waking_worker[i].runtime.tv_usec);
147 		update_stats(&__wakeup_stats, waking_worker[i].nwoken);
148 	}
149 
150 	waketime_avg = avg_stats(&__waketime_stats);
151 	waketime_stddev = stddev_stats(&__waketime_stats);
152 	wakeup_avg = avg_stats(&__wakeup_stats);
153 
154 	printf("[Run %d]: Avg per-thread latency (waking %d/%d threads) "
155 	       "in %.4f ms (+-%.2f%%)\n", run_num + 1, wakeup_avg,
156 	       nblocked_threads, waketime_avg/1e3,
157 	       rel_stddev_stats(waketime_stddev, waketime_avg));
158 }
159 
160 static void print_summary(void)
161 {
162 	unsigned int wakeup_avg;
163 	double waketime_avg, waketime_stddev;
164 
165 	waketime_avg = avg_stats(&waketime_stats);
166 	waketime_stddev = stddev_stats(&waketime_stats);
167 	wakeup_avg = avg_stats(&wakeup_stats);
168 
169 	printf("Avg per-thread latency (waking %d/%d threads) in %.4f ms (+-%.2f%%)\n",
170 	       wakeup_avg,
171 	       nblocked_threads,
172 	       waketime_avg/1e3,
173 	       rel_stddev_stats(waketime_stddev, waketime_avg));
174 }
175 
176 
177 static void do_run_stats(struct thread_data *waking_worker)
178 {
179 	unsigned int i;
180 
181 	for (i = 0; i < nwaking_threads; i++) {
182 		update_stats(&waketime_stats, waking_worker[i].runtime.tv_usec);
183 		update_stats(&wakeup_stats, waking_worker[i].nwoken);
184 	}
185 
186 }
187 
188 static void toggle_done(int sig __maybe_unused,
189 			siginfo_t *info __maybe_unused,
190 			void *uc __maybe_unused)
191 {
192 	done = true;
193 }
194 
195 int bench_futex_wake_parallel(int argc, const char **argv,
196 			      const char *prefix __maybe_unused)
197 {
198 	int ret = 0;
199 	unsigned int i, j;
200 	struct sigaction act;
201 	pthread_attr_t thread_attr;
202 	struct thread_data *waking_worker;
203 
204 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, options,
205 			     bench_futex_wake_parallel_usage, 0);
206 	if (argc) {
207 		usage_with_options(bench_futex_wake_parallel_usage, options);
208 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
209 	}
210 
211 	sigfillset(&act.sa_mask);
212 	act.sa_sigaction = toggle_done;
213 	sigaction(SIGINT, &act, NULL);
214 
215 	ncpus = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
216 	if (!nblocked_threads)
217 		nblocked_threads = ncpus;
218 
219 	/* some sanity checks */
220 	if (nwaking_threads > nblocked_threads || !nwaking_threads)
221 		nwaking_threads = nblocked_threads;
222 
223 	if (nblocked_threads % nwaking_threads)
224 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Must be perfectly divisible");
225 	/*
226 	 * Each thread will wakeup nwakes tasks in
227 	 * a single futex_wait call.
228 	 */
229 	nwakes = nblocked_threads/nwaking_threads;
230 
231 	blocked_worker = calloc(nblocked_threads, sizeof(*blocked_worker));
232 	if (!blocked_worker)
233 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "calloc");
234 
235 	if (!fshared)
236 		futex_flag = FUTEX_PRIVATE_FLAG;
237 
238 	printf("Run summary [PID %d]: blocking on %d threads (at [%s] "
239 	       "futex %p), %d threads waking up %d at a time.\n\n",
240 	       getpid(), nblocked_threads, fshared ? "shared":"private",
241 	       &futex, nwaking_threads, nwakes);
242 
243 	init_stats(&wakeup_stats);
244 	init_stats(&waketime_stats);
245 
246 	pthread_attr_init(&thread_attr);
247 	pthread_mutex_init(&thread_lock, NULL);
248 	pthread_cond_init(&thread_parent, NULL);
249 	pthread_cond_init(&thread_worker, NULL);
250 
251 	for (j = 0; j < bench_repeat && !done; j++) {
252 		waking_worker = calloc(nwaking_threads, sizeof(*waking_worker));
253 		if (!waking_worker)
254 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "calloc");
255 
256 		/* create, launch & block all threads */
257 		block_threads(blocked_worker, thread_attr);
258 
259 		/* make sure all threads are already blocked */
260 		pthread_mutex_lock(&thread_lock);
261 		while (threads_starting)
262 			pthread_cond_wait(&thread_parent, &thread_lock);
263 		pthread_cond_broadcast(&thread_worker);
264 		pthread_mutex_unlock(&thread_lock);
265 
266 		usleep(100000);
267 
268 		/* Ok, all threads are patiently blocked, start waking folks up */
269 		wakeup_threads(waking_worker, thread_attr);
270 
271 		for (i = 0; i < nblocked_threads; i++) {
272 			ret = pthread_join(blocked_worker[i], NULL);
273 			if (ret)
274 				err(EXIT_FAILURE, "pthread_join");
275 		}
276 
277 		do_run_stats(waking_worker);
278 		if (!silent)
279 			print_run(waking_worker, j);
280 
281 		free(waking_worker);
282 	}
283 
284 	/* cleanup & report results */
285 	pthread_cond_destroy(&thread_parent);
286 	pthread_cond_destroy(&thread_worker);
287 	pthread_mutex_destroy(&thread_lock);
288 	pthread_attr_destroy(&thread_attr);
289 
290 	print_summary();
291 
292 	free(blocked_worker);
293 	return ret;
294 }
295