xref: /openbmc/linux/sound/usb/card.c (revision dfe94d40)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
2 /*
3  *   (Tentative) USB Audio Driver for ALSA
4  *
5  *   Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
6  *
7  *   Many codes borrowed from audio.c by
8  *	    Alan Cox (alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk)
9  *	    Thomas Sailer (sailer@ife.ee.ethz.ch)
10  *
11  *   Audio Class 3.0 support by Ruslan Bilovol <ruslan.bilovol@gmail.com>
12  *
13  *  NOTES:
14  *
15  *   - the linked URBs would be preferred but not used so far because of
16  *     the instability of unlinking.
17  *   - type II is not supported properly.  there is no device which supports
18  *     this type *correctly*.  SB extigy looks as if it supports, but it's
19  *     indeed an AC3 stream packed in SPDIF frames (i.e. no real AC3 stream).
20  */
21 
22 
23 #include <linux/bitops.h>
24 #include <linux/init.h>
25 #include <linux/list.h>
26 #include <linux/slab.h>
27 #include <linux/string.h>
28 #include <linux/ctype.h>
29 #include <linux/usb.h>
30 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
31 #include <linux/mutex.h>
32 #include <linux/usb/audio.h>
33 #include <linux/usb/audio-v2.h>
34 #include <linux/usb/audio-v3.h>
35 #include <linux/module.h>
36 
37 #include <sound/control.h>
38 #include <sound/core.h>
39 #include <sound/info.h>
40 #include <sound/pcm.h>
41 #include <sound/pcm_params.h>
42 #include <sound/initval.h>
43 
44 #include "usbaudio.h"
45 #include "card.h"
46 #include "midi.h"
47 #include "mixer.h"
48 #include "proc.h"
49 #include "quirks.h"
50 #include "endpoint.h"
51 #include "helper.h"
52 #include "pcm.h"
53 #include "format.h"
54 #include "power.h"
55 #include "stream.h"
56 #include "media.h"
57 
58 MODULE_AUTHOR("Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>");
59 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("USB Audio");
60 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
61 MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("{{Generic,USB Audio}}");
62 
63 
64 static int index[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX;	/* Index 0-MAX */
65 static char *id[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR;	/* ID for this card */
66 static bool enable[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_ENABLE_PNP;/* Enable this card */
67 /* Vendor/product IDs for this card */
68 static int vid[SNDRV_CARDS] = { [0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = -1 };
69 static int pid[SNDRV_CARDS] = { [0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = -1 };
70 static int device_setup[SNDRV_CARDS]; /* device parameter for this card */
71 static bool ignore_ctl_error;
72 static bool autoclock = true;
73 static char *quirk_alias[SNDRV_CARDS];
74 static char *delayed_register[SNDRV_CARDS];
75 static bool implicit_fb[SNDRV_CARDS];
76 
77 bool snd_usb_use_vmalloc = true;
78 bool snd_usb_skip_validation;
79 
80 module_param_array(index, int, NULL, 0444);
81 MODULE_PARM_DESC(index, "Index value for the USB audio adapter.");
82 module_param_array(id, charp, NULL, 0444);
83 MODULE_PARM_DESC(id, "ID string for the USB audio adapter.");
84 module_param_array(enable, bool, NULL, 0444);
85 MODULE_PARM_DESC(enable, "Enable USB audio adapter.");
86 module_param_array(vid, int, NULL, 0444);
87 MODULE_PARM_DESC(vid, "Vendor ID for the USB audio device.");
88 module_param_array(pid, int, NULL, 0444);
89 MODULE_PARM_DESC(pid, "Product ID for the USB audio device.");
90 module_param_array(device_setup, int, NULL, 0444);
91 MODULE_PARM_DESC(device_setup, "Specific device setup (if needed).");
92 module_param(ignore_ctl_error, bool, 0444);
93 MODULE_PARM_DESC(ignore_ctl_error,
94 		 "Ignore errors from USB controller for mixer interfaces.");
95 module_param(autoclock, bool, 0444);
96 MODULE_PARM_DESC(autoclock, "Enable auto-clock selection for UAC2 devices (default: yes).");
97 module_param_array(quirk_alias, charp, NULL, 0444);
98 MODULE_PARM_DESC(quirk_alias, "Quirk aliases, e.g. 0123abcd:5678beef.");
99 module_param_array(delayed_register, charp, NULL, 0444);
100 MODULE_PARM_DESC(delayed_register, "Quirk for delayed registration, given by id:iface, e.g. 0123abcd:4.");
101 module_param_array(implicit_fb, bool, NULL, 0444);
102 MODULE_PARM_DESC(implicit_fb, "Apply generic implicit feedback sync mode.");
103 module_param_named(use_vmalloc, snd_usb_use_vmalloc, bool, 0444);
104 MODULE_PARM_DESC(use_vmalloc, "Use vmalloc for PCM intermediate buffers (default: yes).");
105 module_param_named(skip_validation, snd_usb_skip_validation, bool, 0444);
106 MODULE_PARM_DESC(skip_validation, "Skip unit descriptor validation (default: no).");
107 
108 /*
109  * we keep the snd_usb_audio_t instances by ourselves for merging
110  * the all interfaces on the same card as one sound device.
111  */
112 
113 static DEFINE_MUTEX(register_mutex);
114 static struct snd_usb_audio *usb_chip[SNDRV_CARDS];
115 static struct usb_driver usb_audio_driver;
116 
117 /*
118  * disconnect streams
119  * called from usb_audio_disconnect()
120  */
121 static void snd_usb_stream_disconnect(struct snd_usb_stream *as)
122 {
123 	int idx;
124 	struct snd_usb_substream *subs;
125 
126 	for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx++) {
127 		subs = &as->substream[idx];
128 		if (!subs->num_formats)
129 			continue;
130 		subs->data_endpoint = NULL;
131 		subs->sync_endpoint = NULL;
132 	}
133 }
134 
135 static int snd_usb_create_stream(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ctrlif, int interface)
136 {
137 	struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
138 	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
139 	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
140 	struct usb_interface *iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, interface);
141 
142 	if (!iface) {
143 		dev_err(&dev->dev, "%u:%d : does not exist\n",
144 			ctrlif, interface);
145 		return -EINVAL;
146 	}
147 
148 	alts = &iface->altsetting[0];
149 	altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
150 
151 	/*
152 	 * Android with both accessory and audio interfaces enabled gets the
153 	 * interface numbers wrong.
154 	 */
155 	if ((chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x18d1, 0x2d04) ||
156 	     chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x18d1, 0x2d05)) &&
157 	    interface == 0 &&
158 	    altsd->bInterfaceClass == USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC &&
159 	    altsd->bInterfaceSubClass == USB_SUBCLASS_VENDOR_SPEC) {
160 		interface = 2;
161 		iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, interface);
162 		if (!iface)
163 			return -EINVAL;
164 		alts = &iface->altsetting[0];
165 		altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
166 	}
167 
168 	if (usb_interface_claimed(iface)) {
169 		dev_dbg(&dev->dev, "%d:%d: skipping, already claimed\n",
170 			ctrlif, interface);
171 		return -EINVAL;
172 	}
173 
174 	if ((altsd->bInterfaceClass == USB_CLASS_AUDIO ||
175 	     altsd->bInterfaceClass == USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC) &&
176 	    altsd->bInterfaceSubClass == USB_SUBCLASS_MIDISTREAMING) {
177 		int err = __snd_usbmidi_create(chip->card, iface,
178 					     &chip->midi_list, NULL,
179 					     chip->usb_id);
180 		if (err < 0) {
181 			dev_err(&dev->dev,
182 				"%u:%d: cannot create sequencer device\n",
183 				ctrlif, interface);
184 			return -EINVAL;
185 		}
186 		usb_driver_claim_interface(&usb_audio_driver, iface, (void *)-1L);
187 
188 		return 0;
189 	}
190 
191 	if ((altsd->bInterfaceClass != USB_CLASS_AUDIO &&
192 	     altsd->bInterfaceClass != USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC) ||
193 	    altsd->bInterfaceSubClass != USB_SUBCLASS_AUDIOSTREAMING) {
194 		dev_dbg(&dev->dev,
195 			"%u:%d: skipping non-supported interface %d\n",
196 			ctrlif, interface, altsd->bInterfaceClass);
197 		/* skip non-supported classes */
198 		return -EINVAL;
199 	}
200 
201 	if (snd_usb_get_speed(dev) == USB_SPEED_LOW) {
202 		dev_err(&dev->dev, "low speed audio streaming not supported\n");
203 		return -EINVAL;
204 	}
205 
206 	if (! snd_usb_parse_audio_interface(chip, interface)) {
207 		usb_set_interface(dev, interface, 0); /* reset the current interface */
208 		usb_driver_claim_interface(&usb_audio_driver, iface, (void *)-1L);
209 	}
210 
211 	return 0;
212 }
213 
214 /*
215  * parse audio control descriptor and create pcm/midi streams
216  */
217 static int snd_usb_create_streams(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ctrlif)
218 {
219 	struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
220 	struct usb_host_interface *host_iface;
221 	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
222 	int i, protocol;
223 
224 	/* find audiocontrol interface */
225 	host_iface = &usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, ctrlif)->altsetting[0];
226 	altsd = get_iface_desc(host_iface);
227 	protocol = altsd->bInterfaceProtocol;
228 
229 	switch (protocol) {
230 	default:
231 		dev_warn(&dev->dev,
232 			 "unknown interface protocol %#02x, assuming v1\n",
233 			 protocol);
234 		fallthrough;
235 
236 	case UAC_VERSION_1: {
237 		struct uac1_ac_header_descriptor *h1;
238 		int rest_bytes;
239 
240 		h1 = snd_usb_find_csint_desc(host_iface->extra,
241 							 host_iface->extralen,
242 							 NULL, UAC_HEADER);
243 		if (!h1 || h1->bLength < sizeof(*h1)) {
244 			dev_err(&dev->dev, "cannot find UAC_HEADER\n");
245 			return -EINVAL;
246 		}
247 
248 		rest_bytes = (void *)(host_iface->extra +
249 				host_iface->extralen) - (void *)h1;
250 
251 		/* just to be sure -- this shouldn't hit at all */
252 		if (rest_bytes <= 0) {
253 			dev_err(&dev->dev, "invalid control header\n");
254 			return -EINVAL;
255 		}
256 
257 		if (rest_bytes < sizeof(*h1)) {
258 			dev_err(&dev->dev, "too short v1 buffer descriptor\n");
259 			return -EINVAL;
260 		}
261 
262 		if (!h1->bInCollection) {
263 			dev_info(&dev->dev, "skipping empty audio interface (v1)\n");
264 			return -EINVAL;
265 		}
266 
267 		if (rest_bytes < h1->bLength) {
268 			dev_err(&dev->dev, "invalid buffer length (v1)\n");
269 			return -EINVAL;
270 		}
271 
272 		if (h1->bLength < sizeof(*h1) + h1->bInCollection) {
273 			dev_err(&dev->dev, "invalid UAC_HEADER (v1)\n");
274 			return -EINVAL;
275 		}
276 
277 		for (i = 0; i < h1->bInCollection; i++)
278 			snd_usb_create_stream(chip, ctrlif, h1->baInterfaceNr[i]);
279 
280 		break;
281 	}
282 
283 	case UAC_VERSION_2:
284 	case UAC_VERSION_3: {
285 		struct usb_interface_assoc_descriptor *assoc =
286 			usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, ctrlif)->intf_assoc;
287 
288 		if (!assoc) {
289 			/*
290 			 * Firmware writers cannot count to three.  So to find
291 			 * the IAD on the NuForce UDH-100, also check the next
292 			 * interface.
293 			 */
294 			struct usb_interface *iface =
295 				usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, ctrlif + 1);
296 			if (iface &&
297 			    iface->intf_assoc &&
298 			    iface->intf_assoc->bFunctionClass == USB_CLASS_AUDIO &&
299 			    iface->intf_assoc->bFunctionProtocol == UAC_VERSION_2)
300 				assoc = iface->intf_assoc;
301 		}
302 
303 		if (!assoc) {
304 			dev_err(&dev->dev, "Audio class v2/v3 interfaces need an interface association\n");
305 			return -EINVAL;
306 		}
307 
308 		if (protocol == UAC_VERSION_3) {
309 			int badd = assoc->bFunctionSubClass;
310 
311 			if (badd != UAC3_FUNCTION_SUBCLASS_FULL_ADC_3_0 &&
312 			    (badd < UAC3_FUNCTION_SUBCLASS_GENERIC_IO ||
313 			     badd > UAC3_FUNCTION_SUBCLASS_SPEAKERPHONE)) {
314 				dev_err(&dev->dev,
315 					"Unsupported UAC3 BADD profile\n");
316 				return -EINVAL;
317 			}
318 
319 			chip->badd_profile = badd;
320 		}
321 
322 		for (i = 0; i < assoc->bInterfaceCount; i++) {
323 			int intf = assoc->bFirstInterface + i;
324 
325 			if (intf != ctrlif)
326 				snd_usb_create_stream(chip, ctrlif, intf);
327 		}
328 
329 		break;
330 	}
331 	}
332 
333 	return 0;
334 }
335 
336 /*
337  * Profile name preset table
338  */
339 struct usb_audio_device_name {
340 	u32 id;
341 	const char *vendor_name;
342 	const char *product_name;
343 	const char *profile_name;	/* override card->longname */
344 };
345 
346 #define PROFILE_NAME(vid, pid, vendor, product, profile)	 \
347 	{ .id = USB_ID(vid, pid), .vendor_name = (vendor),	 \
348 	  .product_name = (product), .profile_name = (profile) }
349 #define DEVICE_NAME(vid, pid, vendor, product) \
350 	PROFILE_NAME(vid, pid, vendor, product, NULL)
351 
352 /* vendor/product and profile name presets, sorted in device id order */
353 static const struct usb_audio_device_name usb_audio_names[] = {
354 	/* HP Thunderbolt Dock Audio Headset */
355 	PROFILE_NAME(0x03f0, 0x0269, "HP", "Thunderbolt Dock Audio Headset",
356 		     "HP-Thunderbolt-Dock-Audio-Headset"),
357 	/* HP Thunderbolt Dock Audio Module */
358 	PROFILE_NAME(0x03f0, 0x0567, "HP", "Thunderbolt Dock Audio Module",
359 		     "HP-Thunderbolt-Dock-Audio-Module"),
360 
361 	/* Two entries for Gigabyte TRX40 Aorus Master:
362 	 * TRX40 Aorus Master has two USB-audio devices, one for the front
363 	 * headphone with ESS SABRE9218 DAC chip, while another for the rest
364 	 * I/O (the rear panel and the front mic) with Realtek ALC1220-VB.
365 	 * Here we provide two distinct names for making UCM profiles easier.
366 	 */
367 	PROFILE_NAME(0x0414, 0xa000, "Gigabyte", "Aorus Master Front Headphone",
368 		     "Gigabyte-Aorus-Master-Front-Headphone"),
369 	PROFILE_NAME(0x0414, 0xa001, "Gigabyte", "Aorus Master Main Audio",
370 		     "Gigabyte-Aorus-Master-Main-Audio"),
371 
372 	/* Gigabyte TRX40 Aorus Pro WiFi */
373 	PROFILE_NAME(0x0414, 0xa002,
374 		     "Realtek", "ALC1220-VB-DT", "Realtek-ALC1220-VB-Desktop"),
375 
376 	/* Creative/E-Mu devices */
377 	DEVICE_NAME(0x041e, 0x3010, "Creative Labs", "Sound Blaster MP3+"),
378 	/* Creative/Toshiba Multimedia Center SB-0500 */
379 	DEVICE_NAME(0x041e, 0x3048, "Toshiba", "SB-0500"),
380 
381 	DEVICE_NAME(0x046d, 0x0990, "Logitech, Inc.", "QuickCam Pro 9000"),
382 
383 	/* ASUS ROG Strix */
384 	PROFILE_NAME(0x0b05, 0x1917,
385 		     "Realtek", "ALC1220-VB-DT", "Realtek-ALC1220-VB-Desktop"),
386 	/* ASUS PRIME TRX40 PRO-S */
387 	PROFILE_NAME(0x0b05, 0x1918,
388 		     "Realtek", "ALC1220-VB-DT", "Realtek-ALC1220-VB-Desktop"),
389 
390 	/* Dell WD15 Dock */
391 	PROFILE_NAME(0x0bda, 0x4014, "Dell", "WD15 Dock", "Dell-WD15-Dock"),
392 	/* Dell WD19 Dock */
393 	PROFILE_NAME(0x0bda, 0x402e, "Dell", "WD19 Dock", "Dell-WD15-Dock"),
394 
395 	DEVICE_NAME(0x0ccd, 0x0028, "TerraTec", "Aureon5.1MkII"),
396 
397 	/*
398 	 * The original product_name is "USB Sound Device", however this name
399 	 * is also used by the CM106 based cards, so make it unique.
400 	 */
401 	DEVICE_NAME(0x0d8c, 0x0102, NULL, "ICUSBAUDIO7D"),
402 	DEVICE_NAME(0x0d8c, 0x0103, NULL, "Audio Advantage MicroII"),
403 
404 	/* MSI TRX40 Creator */
405 	PROFILE_NAME(0x0db0, 0x0d64,
406 		     "Realtek", "ALC1220-VB-DT", "Realtek-ALC1220-VB-Desktop"),
407 	/* MSI TRX40 */
408 	PROFILE_NAME(0x0db0, 0x543d,
409 		     "Realtek", "ALC1220-VB-DT", "Realtek-ALC1220-VB-Desktop"),
410 
411 	/* Stanton/N2IT Final Scratch v1 device ('Scratchamp') */
412 	DEVICE_NAME(0x103d, 0x0100, "Stanton", "ScratchAmp"),
413 	DEVICE_NAME(0x103d, 0x0101, "Stanton", "ScratchAmp"),
414 
415 	/* aka. Serato Scratch Live DJ Box */
416 	DEVICE_NAME(0x13e5, 0x0001, "Rane", "SL-1"),
417 
418 	/* Lenovo ThinkStation P620 Rear Line-in, Line-out and Microphone */
419 	PROFILE_NAME(0x17aa, 0x1046, "Lenovo", "ThinkStation P620 Rear",
420 		     "Lenovo-ThinkStation-P620-Rear"),
421 	/* Lenovo ThinkStation P620 Internal Speaker + Front Headset */
422 	PROFILE_NAME(0x17aa, 0x104d, "Lenovo", "ThinkStation P620 Main",
423 		     "Lenovo-ThinkStation-P620-Main"),
424 
425 	/* Asrock TRX40 Creator */
426 	PROFILE_NAME(0x26ce, 0x0a01,
427 		     "Realtek", "ALC1220-VB-DT", "Realtek-ALC1220-VB-Desktop"),
428 
429 	{ } /* terminator */
430 };
431 
432 static const struct usb_audio_device_name *
433 lookup_device_name(u32 id)
434 {
435 	static const struct usb_audio_device_name *p;
436 
437 	for (p = usb_audio_names; p->id; p++)
438 		if (p->id == id)
439 			return p;
440 	return NULL;
441 }
442 
443 /*
444  * free the chip instance
445  *
446  * here we have to do not much, since pcm and controls are already freed
447  *
448  */
449 
450 static void snd_usb_audio_free(struct snd_card *card)
451 {
452 	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = card->private_data;
453 	struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, *n;
454 
455 	list_for_each_entry_safe(ep, n, &chip->ep_list, list)
456 		snd_usb_endpoint_free(ep);
457 
458 	mutex_destroy(&chip->mutex);
459 	if (!atomic_read(&chip->shutdown))
460 		dev_set_drvdata(&chip->dev->dev, NULL);
461 }
462 
463 static void usb_audio_make_shortname(struct usb_device *dev,
464 				     struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
465 				     const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
466 {
467 	struct snd_card *card = chip->card;
468 	const struct usb_audio_device_name *preset;
469 	const char *s = NULL;
470 
471 	preset = lookup_device_name(chip->usb_id);
472 	if (preset && preset->product_name)
473 		s = preset->product_name;
474 	else if (quirk && quirk->product_name)
475 		s = quirk->product_name;
476 	if (s && *s) {
477 		strlcpy(card->shortname, s, sizeof(card->shortname));
478 		return;
479 	}
480 
481 	/* retrieve the device string as shortname */
482 	if (!dev->descriptor.iProduct ||
483 	    usb_string(dev, dev->descriptor.iProduct,
484 		       card->shortname, sizeof(card->shortname)) <= 0) {
485 		/* no name available from anywhere, so use ID */
486 		sprintf(card->shortname, "USB Device %#04x:%#04x",
487 			USB_ID_VENDOR(chip->usb_id),
488 			USB_ID_PRODUCT(chip->usb_id));
489 	}
490 
491 	strim(card->shortname);
492 }
493 
494 static void usb_audio_make_longname(struct usb_device *dev,
495 				    struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
496 				    const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
497 {
498 	struct snd_card *card = chip->card;
499 	const struct usb_audio_device_name *preset;
500 	const char *s = NULL;
501 	int len;
502 
503 	preset = lookup_device_name(chip->usb_id);
504 
505 	/* shortcut - if any pre-defined string is given, use it */
506 	if (preset && preset->profile_name)
507 		s = preset->profile_name;
508 	if (s && *s) {
509 		strlcpy(card->longname, s, sizeof(card->longname));
510 		return;
511 	}
512 
513 	if (preset && preset->vendor_name)
514 		s = preset->vendor_name;
515 	else if (quirk && quirk->vendor_name)
516 		s = quirk->vendor_name;
517 	if (s && *s) {
518 		len = strlcpy(card->longname, s, sizeof(card->longname));
519 	} else {
520 		/* retrieve the vendor and device strings as longname */
521 		if (dev->descriptor.iManufacturer)
522 			len = usb_string(dev, dev->descriptor.iManufacturer,
523 					 card->longname, sizeof(card->longname));
524 		else
525 			len = 0;
526 		/* we don't really care if there isn't any vendor string */
527 	}
528 	if (len > 0) {
529 		strim(card->longname);
530 		if (*card->longname)
531 			strlcat(card->longname, " ", sizeof(card->longname));
532 	}
533 
534 	strlcat(card->longname, card->shortname, sizeof(card->longname));
535 
536 	len = strlcat(card->longname, " at ", sizeof(card->longname));
537 
538 	if (len < sizeof(card->longname))
539 		usb_make_path(dev, card->longname + len, sizeof(card->longname) - len);
540 
541 	switch (snd_usb_get_speed(dev)) {
542 	case USB_SPEED_LOW:
543 		strlcat(card->longname, ", low speed", sizeof(card->longname));
544 		break;
545 	case USB_SPEED_FULL:
546 		strlcat(card->longname, ", full speed", sizeof(card->longname));
547 		break;
548 	case USB_SPEED_HIGH:
549 		strlcat(card->longname, ", high speed", sizeof(card->longname));
550 		break;
551 	case USB_SPEED_SUPER:
552 		strlcat(card->longname, ", super speed", sizeof(card->longname));
553 		break;
554 	case USB_SPEED_SUPER_PLUS:
555 		strlcat(card->longname, ", super speed plus", sizeof(card->longname));
556 		break;
557 	default:
558 		break;
559 	}
560 }
561 
562 /*
563  * create a chip instance and set its names.
564  */
565 static int snd_usb_audio_create(struct usb_interface *intf,
566 				struct usb_device *dev, int idx,
567 				const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk,
568 				unsigned int usb_id,
569 				struct snd_usb_audio **rchip)
570 {
571 	struct snd_card *card;
572 	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
573 	int err;
574 	char component[14];
575 
576 	*rchip = NULL;
577 
578 	switch (snd_usb_get_speed(dev)) {
579 	case USB_SPEED_LOW:
580 	case USB_SPEED_FULL:
581 	case USB_SPEED_HIGH:
582 	case USB_SPEED_WIRELESS:
583 	case USB_SPEED_SUPER:
584 	case USB_SPEED_SUPER_PLUS:
585 		break;
586 	default:
587 		dev_err(&dev->dev, "unknown device speed %d\n", snd_usb_get_speed(dev));
588 		return -ENXIO;
589 	}
590 
591 	err = snd_card_new(&intf->dev, index[idx], id[idx], THIS_MODULE,
592 			   sizeof(*chip), &card);
593 	if (err < 0) {
594 		dev_err(&dev->dev, "cannot create card instance %d\n", idx);
595 		return err;
596 	}
597 
598 	chip = card->private_data;
599 	mutex_init(&chip->mutex);
600 	init_waitqueue_head(&chip->shutdown_wait);
601 	chip->index = idx;
602 	chip->dev = dev;
603 	chip->card = card;
604 	chip->setup = device_setup[idx];
605 	chip->generic_implicit_fb = implicit_fb[idx];
606 	chip->autoclock = autoclock;
607 	atomic_set(&chip->active, 1); /* avoid autopm during probing */
608 	atomic_set(&chip->usage_count, 0);
609 	atomic_set(&chip->shutdown, 0);
610 
611 	chip->usb_id = usb_id;
612 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chip->pcm_list);
613 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chip->ep_list);
614 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chip->midi_list);
615 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chip->mixer_list);
616 
617 	card->private_free = snd_usb_audio_free;
618 
619 	strcpy(card->driver, "USB-Audio");
620 	sprintf(component, "USB%04x:%04x",
621 		USB_ID_VENDOR(chip->usb_id), USB_ID_PRODUCT(chip->usb_id));
622 	snd_component_add(card, component);
623 
624 	usb_audio_make_shortname(dev, chip, quirk);
625 	usb_audio_make_longname(dev, chip, quirk);
626 
627 	snd_usb_audio_create_proc(chip);
628 
629 	*rchip = chip;
630 	return 0;
631 }
632 
633 /* look for a matching quirk alias id */
634 static bool get_alias_id(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int *id)
635 {
636 	int i;
637 	unsigned int src, dst;
638 
639 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(quirk_alias); i++) {
640 		if (!quirk_alias[i] ||
641 		    sscanf(quirk_alias[i], "%x:%x", &src, &dst) != 2 ||
642 		    src != *id)
643 			continue;
644 		dev_info(&dev->dev,
645 			 "device (%04x:%04x): applying quirk alias %04x:%04x\n",
646 			 USB_ID_VENDOR(*id), USB_ID_PRODUCT(*id),
647 			 USB_ID_VENDOR(dst), USB_ID_PRODUCT(dst));
648 		*id = dst;
649 		return true;
650 	}
651 
652 	return false;
653 }
654 
655 static bool check_delayed_register_option(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface)
656 {
657 	int i;
658 	unsigned int id, inum;
659 
660 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(delayed_register); i++) {
661 		if (delayed_register[i] &&
662 		    sscanf(delayed_register[i], "%x:%x", &id, &inum) == 2 &&
663 		    id == chip->usb_id)
664 			return inum != iface;
665 	}
666 
667 	return false;
668 }
669 
670 static const struct usb_device_id usb_audio_ids[]; /* defined below */
671 
672 /* look for the corresponding quirk */
673 static const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *
674 get_alias_quirk(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int id)
675 {
676 	const struct usb_device_id *p;
677 
678 	for (p = usb_audio_ids; p->match_flags; p++) {
679 		/* FIXME: this checks only vendor:product pair in the list */
680 		if ((p->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEVICE) ==
681 		    USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEVICE &&
682 		    p->idVendor == USB_ID_VENDOR(id) &&
683 		    p->idProduct == USB_ID_PRODUCT(id))
684 			return (const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *)p->driver_info;
685 	}
686 
687 	return NULL;
688 }
689 
690 /*
691  * probe the active usb device
692  *
693  * note that this can be called multiple times per a device, when it
694  * includes multiple audio control interfaces.
695  *
696  * thus we check the usb device pointer and creates the card instance
697  * only at the first time.  the successive calls of this function will
698  * append the pcm interface to the corresponding card.
699  */
700 static int usb_audio_probe(struct usb_interface *intf,
701 			   const struct usb_device_id *usb_id)
702 {
703 	struct usb_device *dev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
704 	const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk =
705 		(const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *)usb_id->driver_info;
706 	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
707 	int i, err;
708 	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
709 	int ifnum;
710 	u32 id;
711 
712 	alts = &intf->altsetting[0];
713 	ifnum = get_iface_desc(alts)->bInterfaceNumber;
714 	id = USB_ID(le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idVendor),
715 		    le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idProduct));
716 	if (get_alias_id(dev, &id))
717 		quirk = get_alias_quirk(dev, id);
718 	if (quirk && quirk->ifnum >= 0 && ifnum != quirk->ifnum)
719 		return -ENXIO;
720 
721 	err = snd_usb_apply_boot_quirk(dev, intf, quirk, id);
722 	if (err < 0)
723 		return err;
724 
725 	/*
726 	 * found a config.  now register to ALSA
727 	 */
728 
729 	/* check whether it's already registered */
730 	chip = NULL;
731 	mutex_lock(&register_mutex);
732 	for (i = 0; i < SNDRV_CARDS; i++) {
733 		if (usb_chip[i] && usb_chip[i]->dev == dev) {
734 			if (atomic_read(&usb_chip[i]->shutdown)) {
735 				dev_err(&dev->dev, "USB device is in the shutdown state, cannot create a card instance\n");
736 				err = -EIO;
737 				goto __error;
738 			}
739 			chip = usb_chip[i];
740 			atomic_inc(&chip->active); /* avoid autopm */
741 			break;
742 		}
743 	}
744 	if (! chip) {
745 		err = snd_usb_apply_boot_quirk_once(dev, intf, quirk, id);
746 		if (err < 0)
747 			goto __error;
748 
749 		/* it's a fresh one.
750 		 * now look for an empty slot and create a new card instance
751 		 */
752 		for (i = 0; i < SNDRV_CARDS; i++)
753 			if (!usb_chip[i] &&
754 			    (vid[i] == -1 || vid[i] == USB_ID_VENDOR(id)) &&
755 			    (pid[i] == -1 || pid[i] == USB_ID_PRODUCT(id))) {
756 				if (enable[i]) {
757 					err = snd_usb_audio_create(intf, dev, i, quirk,
758 								   id, &chip);
759 					if (err < 0)
760 						goto __error;
761 					break;
762 				} else if (vid[i] != -1 || pid[i] != -1) {
763 					dev_info(&dev->dev,
764 						 "device (%04x:%04x) is disabled\n",
765 						 USB_ID_VENDOR(id),
766 						 USB_ID_PRODUCT(id));
767 					err = -ENOENT;
768 					goto __error;
769 				}
770 			}
771 		if (!chip) {
772 			dev_err(&dev->dev, "no available usb audio device\n");
773 			err = -ENODEV;
774 			goto __error;
775 		}
776 	}
777 
778 	if (chip->num_interfaces >= MAX_CARD_INTERFACES) {
779 		dev_info(&dev->dev, "Too many interfaces assigned to the single USB-audio card\n");
780 		err = -EINVAL;
781 		goto __error;
782 	}
783 
784 	dev_set_drvdata(&dev->dev, chip);
785 
786 	/*
787 	 * For devices with more than one control interface, we assume the
788 	 * first contains the audio controls. We might need a more specific
789 	 * check here in the future.
790 	 */
791 	if (!chip->ctrl_intf)
792 		chip->ctrl_intf = alts;
793 
794 	chip->txfr_quirk = 0;
795 	err = 1; /* continue */
796 	if (quirk && quirk->ifnum != QUIRK_NO_INTERFACE) {
797 		/* need some special handlings */
798 		err = snd_usb_create_quirk(chip, intf, &usb_audio_driver, quirk);
799 		if (err < 0)
800 			goto __error;
801 	}
802 
803 	if (err > 0) {
804 		/* create normal USB audio interfaces */
805 		err = snd_usb_create_streams(chip, ifnum);
806 		if (err < 0)
807 			goto __error;
808 		err = snd_usb_create_mixer(chip, ifnum, ignore_ctl_error);
809 		if (err < 0)
810 			goto __error;
811 	}
812 
813 	if (chip->need_delayed_register) {
814 		dev_info(&dev->dev,
815 			 "Found post-registration device assignment: %08x:%02x\n",
816 			 chip->usb_id, ifnum);
817 		chip->need_delayed_register = false; /* clear again */
818 	}
819 
820 	/* we are allowed to call snd_card_register() many times, but first
821 	 * check to see if a device needs to skip it or do anything special
822 	 */
823 	if (!snd_usb_registration_quirk(chip, ifnum) &&
824 	    !check_delayed_register_option(chip, ifnum)) {
825 		err = snd_card_register(chip->card);
826 		if (err < 0)
827 			goto __error;
828 	}
829 
830 	if (quirk && quirk->shares_media_device) {
831 		/* don't want to fail when snd_media_device_create() fails */
832 		snd_media_device_create(chip, intf);
833 	}
834 
835 	usb_chip[chip->index] = chip;
836 	chip->intf[chip->num_interfaces] = intf;
837 	chip->num_interfaces++;
838 	usb_set_intfdata(intf, chip);
839 	atomic_dec(&chip->active);
840 	mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
841 	return 0;
842 
843  __error:
844 	if (chip) {
845 		/* chip->active is inside the chip->card object,
846 		 * decrement before memory is possibly returned.
847 		 */
848 		atomic_dec(&chip->active);
849 		if (!chip->num_interfaces)
850 			snd_card_free(chip->card);
851 	}
852 	mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
853 	return err;
854 }
855 
856 /*
857  * we need to take care of counter, since disconnection can be called also
858  * many times as well as usb_audio_probe().
859  */
860 static void usb_audio_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf)
861 {
862 	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
863 	struct snd_card *card;
864 	struct list_head *p;
865 
866 	if (chip == (void *)-1L)
867 		return;
868 
869 	card = chip->card;
870 
871 	mutex_lock(&register_mutex);
872 	if (atomic_inc_return(&chip->shutdown) == 1) {
873 		struct snd_usb_stream *as;
874 		struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;
875 		struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
876 
877 		/* wait until all pending tasks done;
878 		 * they are protected by snd_usb_lock_shutdown()
879 		 */
880 		wait_event(chip->shutdown_wait,
881 			   !atomic_read(&chip->usage_count));
882 		snd_card_disconnect(card);
883 		/* release the pcm resources */
884 		list_for_each_entry(as, &chip->pcm_list, list) {
885 			snd_usb_stream_disconnect(as);
886 		}
887 		/* release the endpoint resources */
888 		list_for_each_entry(ep, &chip->ep_list, list) {
889 			snd_usb_endpoint_release(ep);
890 		}
891 		/* release the midi resources */
892 		list_for_each(p, &chip->midi_list) {
893 			snd_usbmidi_disconnect(p);
894 		}
895 		/*
896 		 * Nice to check quirk && quirk->shares_media_device and
897 		 * then call the snd_media_device_delete(). Don't have
898 		 * access to the quirk here. snd_media_device_delete()
899 		 * accesses mixer_list
900 		 */
901 		snd_media_device_delete(chip);
902 
903 		/* release mixer resources */
904 		list_for_each_entry(mixer, &chip->mixer_list, list) {
905 			snd_usb_mixer_disconnect(mixer);
906 		}
907 	}
908 
909 	chip->num_interfaces--;
910 	if (chip->num_interfaces <= 0) {
911 		usb_chip[chip->index] = NULL;
912 		mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
913 		snd_card_free_when_closed(card);
914 	} else {
915 		mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
916 	}
917 }
918 
919 /* lock the shutdown (disconnect) task and autoresume */
920 int snd_usb_lock_shutdown(struct snd_usb_audio *chip)
921 {
922 	int err;
923 
924 	atomic_inc(&chip->usage_count);
925 	if (atomic_read(&chip->shutdown)) {
926 		err = -EIO;
927 		goto error;
928 	}
929 	err = snd_usb_autoresume(chip);
930 	if (err < 0)
931 		goto error;
932 	return 0;
933 
934  error:
935 	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&chip->usage_count))
936 		wake_up(&chip->shutdown_wait);
937 	return err;
938 }
939 
940 /* autosuspend and unlock the shutdown */
941 void snd_usb_unlock_shutdown(struct snd_usb_audio *chip)
942 {
943 	snd_usb_autosuspend(chip);
944 	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&chip->usage_count))
945 		wake_up(&chip->shutdown_wait);
946 }
947 
948 #ifdef CONFIG_PM
949 
950 int snd_usb_autoresume(struct snd_usb_audio *chip)
951 {
952 	int i, err;
953 
954 	if (atomic_read(&chip->shutdown))
955 		return -EIO;
956 	if (atomic_inc_return(&chip->active) != 1)
957 		return 0;
958 
959 	for (i = 0; i < chip->num_interfaces; i++) {
960 		err = usb_autopm_get_interface(chip->intf[i]);
961 		if (err < 0) {
962 			/* rollback */
963 			while (--i >= 0)
964 				usb_autopm_put_interface(chip->intf[i]);
965 			atomic_dec(&chip->active);
966 			return err;
967 		}
968 	}
969 	return 0;
970 }
971 
972 void snd_usb_autosuspend(struct snd_usb_audio *chip)
973 {
974 	int i;
975 
976 	if (atomic_read(&chip->shutdown))
977 		return;
978 	if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&chip->active))
979 		return;
980 
981 	for (i = 0; i < chip->num_interfaces; i++)
982 		usb_autopm_put_interface(chip->intf[i]);
983 }
984 
985 static int usb_audio_suspend(struct usb_interface *intf, pm_message_t message)
986 {
987 	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
988 	struct snd_usb_stream *as;
989 	struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;
990 	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
991 	struct list_head *p;
992 
993 	if (chip == (void *)-1L)
994 		return 0;
995 
996 	if (!chip->num_suspended_intf++) {
997 		list_for_each_entry(as, &chip->pcm_list, list)
998 			snd_usb_pcm_suspend(as);
999 		list_for_each_entry(ep, &chip->ep_list, list)
1000 			snd_usb_endpoint_suspend(ep);
1001 		list_for_each(p, &chip->midi_list)
1002 			snd_usbmidi_suspend(p);
1003 		list_for_each_entry(mixer, &chip->mixer_list, list)
1004 			snd_usb_mixer_suspend(mixer);
1005 	}
1006 
1007 	if (!PMSG_IS_AUTO(message) && !chip->system_suspend) {
1008 		snd_power_change_state(chip->card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D3hot);
1009 		chip->system_suspend = chip->num_suspended_intf;
1010 	}
1011 
1012 	return 0;
1013 }
1014 
1015 static int __usb_audio_resume(struct usb_interface *intf, bool reset_resume)
1016 {
1017 	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
1018 	struct snd_usb_stream *as;
1019 	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
1020 	struct list_head *p;
1021 	int err = 0;
1022 
1023 	if (chip == (void *)-1L)
1024 		return 0;
1025 
1026 	atomic_inc(&chip->active); /* avoid autopm */
1027 	if (chip->num_suspended_intf > 1)
1028 		goto out;
1029 
1030 	list_for_each_entry(as, &chip->pcm_list, list) {
1031 		err = snd_usb_pcm_resume(as);
1032 		if (err < 0)
1033 			goto err_out;
1034 	}
1035 
1036 	/*
1037 	 * ALSA leaves material resumption to user space
1038 	 * we just notify and restart the mixers
1039 	 */
1040 	list_for_each_entry(mixer, &chip->mixer_list, list) {
1041 		err = snd_usb_mixer_resume(mixer, reset_resume);
1042 		if (err < 0)
1043 			goto err_out;
1044 	}
1045 
1046 	list_for_each(p, &chip->midi_list) {
1047 		snd_usbmidi_resume(p);
1048 	}
1049 
1050  out:
1051 	if (chip->num_suspended_intf == chip->system_suspend) {
1052 		snd_power_change_state(chip->card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0);
1053 		chip->system_suspend = 0;
1054 	}
1055 	chip->num_suspended_intf--;
1056 
1057 err_out:
1058 	atomic_dec(&chip->active); /* allow autopm after this point */
1059 	return err;
1060 }
1061 
1062 static int usb_audio_resume(struct usb_interface *intf)
1063 {
1064 	return __usb_audio_resume(intf, false);
1065 }
1066 
1067 static int usb_audio_reset_resume(struct usb_interface *intf)
1068 {
1069 	return __usb_audio_resume(intf, true);
1070 }
1071 #else
1072 #define usb_audio_suspend	NULL
1073 #define usb_audio_resume	NULL
1074 #define usb_audio_reset_resume	NULL
1075 #endif		/* CONFIG_PM */
1076 
1077 static const struct usb_device_id usb_audio_ids [] = {
1078 #include "quirks-table.h"
1079     { .match_flags = (USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_CLASS | USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_SUBCLASS),
1080       .bInterfaceClass = USB_CLASS_AUDIO,
1081       .bInterfaceSubClass = USB_SUBCLASS_AUDIOCONTROL },
1082     { }						/* Terminating entry */
1083 };
1084 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, usb_audio_ids);
1085 
1086 /*
1087  * entry point for linux usb interface
1088  */
1089 
1090 static struct usb_driver usb_audio_driver = {
1091 	.name =		"snd-usb-audio",
1092 	.probe =	usb_audio_probe,
1093 	.disconnect =	usb_audio_disconnect,
1094 	.suspend =	usb_audio_suspend,
1095 	.resume =	usb_audio_resume,
1096 	.reset_resume =	usb_audio_reset_resume,
1097 	.id_table =	usb_audio_ids,
1098 	.supports_autosuspend = 1,
1099 };
1100 
1101 module_usb_driver(usb_audio_driver);
1102