1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 2 // Copyright(c) 2015-18 Intel Corporation. 3 4 /* 5 * hdac_hda.c - ASoC extensions to reuse the legacy HDA codec drivers 6 * with ASoC platform drivers. These APIs are called by the legacy HDA 7 * codec drivers using hdac_ext_bus_ops ops. 8 */ 9 10 #include <linux/init.h> 11 #include <linux/delay.h> 12 #include <linux/module.h> 13 #include <linux/pm_runtime.h> 14 #include <sound/pcm_params.h> 15 #include <sound/soc.h> 16 #include <sound/hdaudio_ext.h> 17 #include <sound/hda_i915.h> 18 #include <sound/hda_codec.h> 19 #include <sound/hda_register.h> 20 21 #include "hdac_hda.h" 22 23 #define STUB_FORMATS (SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S8 | \ 24 SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8 | \ 25 SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE | \ 26 SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U16_LE | \ 27 SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_LE | \ 28 SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U24_LE | \ 29 SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S32_LE | \ 30 SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U32_LE | \ 31 SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_IEC958_SUBFRAME_LE) 32 33 #define STUB_HDMI_RATES (SNDRV_PCM_RATE_32000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 |\ 34 SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_88200 |\ 35 SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_176400 |\ 36 SNDRV_PCM_RATE_192000) 37 38 static int hdac_hda_dai_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, 39 struct snd_soc_dai *dai); 40 static void hdac_hda_dai_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, 41 struct snd_soc_dai *dai); 42 static int hdac_hda_dai_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, 43 struct snd_soc_dai *dai); 44 static int hdac_hda_dai_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, 45 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params, 46 struct snd_soc_dai *dai); 47 static int hdac_hda_dai_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, 48 struct snd_soc_dai *dai); 49 static int hdac_hda_dai_set_stream(struct snd_soc_dai *dai, void *stream, 50 int direction); 51 static struct hda_pcm *snd_soc_find_pcm_from_dai(struct hdac_hda_priv *hda_pvt, 52 struct snd_soc_dai *dai); 53 54 static const struct snd_soc_dai_ops hdac_hda_dai_ops = { 55 .startup = hdac_hda_dai_open, 56 .shutdown = hdac_hda_dai_close, 57 .prepare = hdac_hda_dai_prepare, 58 .hw_params = hdac_hda_dai_hw_params, 59 .hw_free = hdac_hda_dai_hw_free, 60 .set_stream = hdac_hda_dai_set_stream, 61 }; 62 63 static struct snd_soc_dai_driver hdac_hda_dais[] = { 64 { 65 .id = HDAC_ANALOG_DAI_ID, 66 .name = "Analog Codec DAI", 67 .ops = &hdac_hda_dai_ops, 68 .playback = { 69 .stream_name = "Analog Codec Playback", 70 .channels_min = 1, 71 .channels_max = 16, 72 .rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_192000, 73 .formats = STUB_FORMATS, 74 .sig_bits = 24, 75 }, 76 .capture = { 77 .stream_name = "Analog Codec Capture", 78 .channels_min = 1, 79 .channels_max = 16, 80 .rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_192000, 81 .formats = STUB_FORMATS, 82 .sig_bits = 24, 83 }, 84 }, 85 { 86 .id = HDAC_DIGITAL_DAI_ID, 87 .name = "Digital Codec DAI", 88 .ops = &hdac_hda_dai_ops, 89 .playback = { 90 .stream_name = "Digital Codec Playback", 91 .channels_min = 1, 92 .channels_max = 16, 93 .rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_192000, 94 .formats = STUB_FORMATS, 95 .sig_bits = 24, 96 }, 97 .capture = { 98 .stream_name = "Digital Codec Capture", 99 .channels_min = 1, 100 .channels_max = 16, 101 .rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_192000, 102 .formats = STUB_FORMATS, 103 .sig_bits = 24, 104 }, 105 }, 106 { 107 .id = HDAC_ALT_ANALOG_DAI_ID, 108 .name = "Alt Analog Codec DAI", 109 .ops = &hdac_hda_dai_ops, 110 .playback = { 111 .stream_name = "Alt Analog Codec Playback", 112 .channels_min = 1, 113 .channels_max = 16, 114 .rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_192000, 115 .formats = STUB_FORMATS, 116 .sig_bits = 24, 117 }, 118 .capture = { 119 .stream_name = "Alt Analog Codec Capture", 120 .channels_min = 1, 121 .channels_max = 16, 122 .rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_192000, 123 .formats = STUB_FORMATS, 124 .sig_bits = 24, 125 }, 126 }, 127 { 128 .id = HDAC_HDMI_0_DAI_ID, 129 .name = "intel-hdmi-hifi1", 130 .ops = &hdac_hda_dai_ops, 131 .playback = { 132 .stream_name = "hifi1", 133 .channels_min = 1, 134 .channels_max = 32, 135 .rates = STUB_HDMI_RATES, 136 .formats = STUB_FORMATS, 137 .sig_bits = 24, 138 }, 139 }, 140 { 141 .id = HDAC_HDMI_1_DAI_ID, 142 .name = "intel-hdmi-hifi2", 143 .ops = &hdac_hda_dai_ops, 144 .playback = { 145 .stream_name = "hifi2", 146 .channels_min = 1, 147 .channels_max = 32, 148 .rates = STUB_HDMI_RATES, 149 .formats = STUB_FORMATS, 150 .sig_bits = 24, 151 }, 152 }, 153 { 154 .id = HDAC_HDMI_2_DAI_ID, 155 .name = "intel-hdmi-hifi3", 156 .ops = &hdac_hda_dai_ops, 157 .playback = { 158 .stream_name = "hifi3", 159 .channels_min = 1, 160 .channels_max = 32, 161 .rates = STUB_HDMI_RATES, 162 .formats = STUB_FORMATS, 163 .sig_bits = 24, 164 }, 165 }, 166 { 167 .id = HDAC_HDMI_3_DAI_ID, 168 .name = "intel-hdmi-hifi4", 169 .ops = &hdac_hda_dai_ops, 170 .playback = { 171 .stream_name = "hifi4", 172 .channels_min = 1, 173 .channels_max = 32, 174 .rates = STUB_HDMI_RATES, 175 .formats = STUB_FORMATS, 176 .sig_bits = 24, 177 }, 178 }, 179 180 }; 181 182 static int hdac_hda_dai_set_stream(struct snd_soc_dai *dai, 183 void *stream, int direction) 184 { 185 struct snd_soc_component *component = dai->component; 186 struct hdac_hda_priv *hda_pvt; 187 struct hdac_hda_pcm *pcm; 188 struct hdac_stream *hstream; 189 190 if (!stream) 191 return -EINVAL; 192 193 hda_pvt = snd_soc_component_get_drvdata(component); 194 pcm = &hda_pvt->pcm[dai->id]; 195 hstream = (struct hdac_stream *)stream; 196 197 pcm->stream_tag[direction] = hstream->stream_tag; 198 199 return 0; 200 } 201 202 static int hdac_hda_dai_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, 203 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params, 204 struct snd_soc_dai *dai) 205 { 206 struct snd_soc_component *component = dai->component; 207 struct hdac_hda_priv *hda_pvt; 208 unsigned int format_val; 209 unsigned int maxbps; 210 211 if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) 212 maxbps = dai->driver->playback.sig_bits; 213 else 214 maxbps = dai->driver->capture.sig_bits; 215 216 hda_pvt = snd_soc_component_get_drvdata(component); 217 format_val = snd_hdac_calc_stream_format(params_rate(params), 218 params_channels(params), 219 params_format(params), 220 maxbps, 221 0); 222 if (!format_val) { 223 dev_err(dai->dev, 224 "invalid format_val, rate=%d, ch=%d, format=%d, maxbps=%d\n", 225 params_rate(params), params_channels(params), 226 params_format(params), maxbps); 227 228 return -EINVAL; 229 } 230 231 hda_pvt->pcm[dai->id].format_val[substream->stream] = format_val; 232 return 0; 233 } 234 235 static int hdac_hda_dai_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, 236 struct snd_soc_dai *dai) 237 { 238 struct snd_soc_component *component = dai->component; 239 struct hdac_hda_priv *hda_pvt; 240 struct hda_pcm_stream *hda_stream; 241 struct hda_pcm *pcm; 242 243 hda_pvt = snd_soc_component_get_drvdata(component); 244 pcm = snd_soc_find_pcm_from_dai(hda_pvt, dai); 245 if (!pcm) 246 return -EINVAL; 247 248 hda_stream = &pcm->stream[substream->stream]; 249 snd_hda_codec_cleanup(&hda_pvt->codec, hda_stream, substream); 250 251 return 0; 252 } 253 254 static int hdac_hda_dai_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, 255 struct snd_soc_dai *dai) 256 { 257 struct snd_soc_component *component = dai->component; 258 struct hda_pcm_stream *hda_stream; 259 struct hdac_hda_priv *hda_pvt; 260 struct hdac_device *hdev; 261 unsigned int format_val; 262 struct hda_pcm *pcm; 263 unsigned int stream; 264 int ret = 0; 265 266 hda_pvt = snd_soc_component_get_drvdata(component); 267 hdev = &hda_pvt->codec.core; 268 pcm = snd_soc_find_pcm_from_dai(hda_pvt, dai); 269 if (!pcm) 270 return -EINVAL; 271 272 hda_stream = &pcm->stream[substream->stream]; 273 274 stream = hda_pvt->pcm[dai->id].stream_tag[substream->stream]; 275 format_val = hda_pvt->pcm[dai->id].format_val[substream->stream]; 276 277 ret = snd_hda_codec_prepare(&hda_pvt->codec, hda_stream, 278 stream, format_val, substream); 279 if (ret < 0) 280 dev_err(&hdev->dev, "codec prepare failed %d\n", ret); 281 282 return ret; 283 } 284 285 static int hdac_hda_dai_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, 286 struct snd_soc_dai *dai) 287 { 288 struct snd_soc_component *component = dai->component; 289 struct hdac_hda_priv *hda_pvt; 290 struct hda_pcm_stream *hda_stream; 291 struct hda_pcm *pcm; 292 293 hda_pvt = snd_soc_component_get_drvdata(component); 294 pcm = snd_soc_find_pcm_from_dai(hda_pvt, dai); 295 if (!pcm) 296 return -EINVAL; 297 298 snd_hda_codec_pcm_get(pcm); 299 300 hda_stream = &pcm->stream[substream->stream]; 301 302 return hda_stream->ops.open(hda_stream, &hda_pvt->codec, substream); 303 } 304 305 static void hdac_hda_dai_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, 306 struct snd_soc_dai *dai) 307 { 308 struct snd_soc_component *component = dai->component; 309 struct hdac_hda_priv *hda_pvt; 310 struct hda_pcm_stream *hda_stream; 311 struct hda_pcm *pcm; 312 313 hda_pvt = snd_soc_component_get_drvdata(component); 314 pcm = snd_soc_find_pcm_from_dai(hda_pvt, dai); 315 if (!pcm) 316 return; 317 318 hda_stream = &pcm->stream[substream->stream]; 319 320 hda_stream->ops.close(hda_stream, &hda_pvt->codec, substream); 321 322 snd_hda_codec_pcm_put(pcm); 323 } 324 325 static struct hda_pcm *snd_soc_find_pcm_from_dai(struct hdac_hda_priv *hda_pvt, 326 struct snd_soc_dai *dai) 327 { 328 struct hda_codec *hcodec = &hda_pvt->codec; 329 struct hda_pcm *cpcm; 330 const char *pcm_name; 331 332 /* 333 * map DAI ID to the closest matching PCM name, using the naming 334 * scheme used by hda-codec snd_hda_gen_build_pcms() and for 335 * HDMI in hda_codec patch_hdmi.c) 336 */ 337 338 switch (dai->id) { 339 case HDAC_ANALOG_DAI_ID: 340 pcm_name = "Analog"; 341 break; 342 case HDAC_DIGITAL_DAI_ID: 343 pcm_name = "Digital"; 344 break; 345 case HDAC_ALT_ANALOG_DAI_ID: 346 pcm_name = "Alt Analog"; 347 break; 348 case HDAC_HDMI_0_DAI_ID: 349 pcm_name = "HDMI 0"; 350 break; 351 case HDAC_HDMI_1_DAI_ID: 352 pcm_name = "HDMI 1"; 353 break; 354 case HDAC_HDMI_2_DAI_ID: 355 pcm_name = "HDMI 2"; 356 break; 357 case HDAC_HDMI_3_DAI_ID: 358 pcm_name = "HDMI 3"; 359 break; 360 default: 361 dev_err(&hcodec->core.dev, "invalid dai id %d\n", dai->id); 362 return NULL; 363 } 364 365 list_for_each_entry(cpcm, &hcodec->pcm_list_head, list) { 366 if (strstr(cpcm->name, pcm_name)) { 367 if (strcmp(pcm_name, "Analog") == 0) { 368 if (strstr(cpcm->name, "Alt Analog")) 369 continue; 370 } 371 return cpcm; 372 } 373 } 374 375 dev_err(&hcodec->core.dev, "didn't find PCM for DAI %s\n", dai->name); 376 return NULL; 377 } 378 379 static bool is_hdmi_codec(struct hda_codec *hcodec) 380 { 381 struct hda_pcm *cpcm; 382 383 list_for_each_entry(cpcm, &hcodec->pcm_list_head, list) { 384 if (cpcm->pcm_type == HDA_PCM_TYPE_HDMI) 385 return true; 386 } 387 388 return false; 389 } 390 391 static int hdac_hda_codec_probe(struct snd_soc_component *component) 392 { 393 struct hdac_hda_priv *hda_pvt = 394 snd_soc_component_get_drvdata(component); 395 struct snd_soc_dapm_context *dapm = 396 snd_soc_component_get_dapm(component); 397 struct hdac_device *hdev = &hda_pvt->codec.core; 398 struct hda_codec *hcodec = &hda_pvt->codec; 399 struct hdac_ext_link *hlink; 400 hda_codec_patch_t patch; 401 int ret; 402 403 hlink = snd_hdac_ext_bus_get_link(hdev->bus, dev_name(&hdev->dev)); 404 if (!hlink) { 405 dev_err(&hdev->dev, "hdac link not found\n"); 406 return -EIO; 407 } 408 409 snd_hdac_ext_bus_link_get(hdev->bus, hlink); 410 411 /* 412 * Ensure any HDA display is powered at codec probe. 413 * After snd_hda_codec_device_new(), display power is 414 * managed by runtime PM. 415 */ 416 if (hda_pvt->need_display_power) 417 snd_hdac_display_power(hdev->bus, 418 HDA_CODEC_IDX_CONTROLLER, true); 419 420 ret = snd_hda_codec_device_new(hcodec->bus, component->card->snd_card, 421 hdev->addr, hcodec, true); 422 if (ret < 0) { 423 dev_err(&hdev->dev, "failed to create hda codec %d\n", ret); 424 goto error_no_pm; 425 } 426 /* 427 * Overwrite type to HDA_DEV_ASOC since it is a ASoC driver 428 * hda_codec.c will check this flag to determine if unregister 429 * device is needed. 430 */ 431 hdev->type = HDA_DEV_ASOC; 432 433 /* 434 * snd_hda_codec_device_new decrements the usage count so call get pm 435 * else the device will be powered off 436 */ 437 pm_runtime_get_noresume(&hdev->dev); 438 439 hcodec->bus->card = dapm->card->snd_card; 440 441 ret = snd_hda_codec_set_name(hcodec, hcodec->preset->name); 442 if (ret < 0) { 443 dev_err(&hdev->dev, "name failed %s\n", hcodec->preset->name); 444 goto error_pm; 445 } 446 447 ret = snd_hdac_regmap_init(&hcodec->core); 448 if (ret < 0) { 449 dev_err(&hdev->dev, "regmap init failed\n"); 450 goto error_pm; 451 } 452 453 patch = (hda_codec_patch_t)hcodec->preset->driver_data; 454 if (patch) { 455 ret = patch(hcodec); 456 if (ret < 0) { 457 dev_err(&hdev->dev, "patch failed %d\n", ret); 458 goto error_regmap; 459 } 460 } else { 461 dev_dbg(&hdev->dev, "no patch file found\n"); 462 } 463 464 /* configure codec for 1:1 PCM:DAI mapping */ 465 hcodec->mst_no_extra_pcms = 1; 466 467 ret = snd_hda_codec_parse_pcms(hcodec); 468 if (ret < 0) { 469 dev_err(&hdev->dev, "unable to map pcms to dai %d\n", ret); 470 goto error_patch; 471 } 472 473 /* HDMI controls need to be created in machine drivers */ 474 if (!is_hdmi_codec(hcodec)) { 475 ret = snd_hda_codec_build_controls(hcodec); 476 if (ret < 0) { 477 dev_err(&hdev->dev, "unable to create controls %d\n", 478 ret); 479 goto error_patch; 480 } 481 } 482 483 hcodec->core.lazy_cache = true; 484 485 if (hda_pvt->need_display_power) 486 snd_hdac_display_power(hdev->bus, 487 HDA_CODEC_IDX_CONTROLLER, false); 488 489 /* match for forbid call in snd_hda_codec_device_new() */ 490 pm_runtime_allow(&hdev->dev); 491 492 /* 493 * hdac_device core already sets the state to active and calls 494 * get_noresume. So enable runtime and set the device to suspend. 495 * pm_runtime_enable is also called during codec registeration 496 */ 497 pm_runtime_put(&hdev->dev); 498 pm_runtime_suspend(&hdev->dev); 499 500 return 0; 501 502 error_patch: 503 if (hcodec->patch_ops.free) 504 hcodec->patch_ops.free(hcodec); 505 error_regmap: 506 snd_hdac_regmap_exit(hdev); 507 error_pm: 508 pm_runtime_put(&hdev->dev); 509 error_no_pm: 510 snd_hdac_ext_bus_link_put(hdev->bus, hlink); 511 return ret; 512 } 513 514 static void hdac_hda_codec_remove(struct snd_soc_component *component) 515 { 516 struct hdac_hda_priv *hda_pvt = 517 snd_soc_component_get_drvdata(component); 518 struct hdac_device *hdev = &hda_pvt->codec.core; 519 struct hda_codec *codec = &hda_pvt->codec; 520 struct hdac_ext_link *hlink = NULL; 521 522 hlink = snd_hdac_ext_bus_get_link(hdev->bus, dev_name(&hdev->dev)); 523 if (!hlink) { 524 dev_err(&hdev->dev, "hdac link not found\n"); 525 return; 526 } 527 528 pm_runtime_disable(&hdev->dev); 529 snd_hdac_ext_bus_link_put(hdev->bus, hlink); 530 531 if (codec->patch_ops.free) 532 codec->patch_ops.free(codec); 533 534 snd_hda_codec_cleanup_for_unbind(codec); 535 } 536 537 static const struct snd_soc_dapm_route hdac_hda_dapm_routes[] = { 538 {"AIF1TX", NULL, "Codec Input Pin1"}, 539 {"AIF2TX", NULL, "Codec Input Pin2"}, 540 {"AIF3TX", NULL, "Codec Input Pin3"}, 541 542 {"Codec Output Pin1", NULL, "AIF1RX"}, 543 {"Codec Output Pin2", NULL, "AIF2RX"}, 544 {"Codec Output Pin3", NULL, "AIF3RX"}, 545 }; 546 547 static const struct snd_soc_dapm_widget hdac_hda_dapm_widgets[] = { 548 /* Audio Interface */ 549 SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_IN("AIF1RX", "Analog Codec Playback", 0, 550 SND_SOC_NOPM, 0, 0), 551 SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_IN("AIF2RX", "Digital Codec Playback", 0, 552 SND_SOC_NOPM, 0, 0), 553 SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_IN("AIF3RX", "Alt Analog Codec Playback", 0, 554 SND_SOC_NOPM, 0, 0), 555 SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_OUT("AIF1TX", "Analog Codec Capture", 0, 556 SND_SOC_NOPM, 0, 0), 557 SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_OUT("AIF2TX", "Digital Codec Capture", 0, 558 SND_SOC_NOPM, 0, 0), 559 SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_OUT("AIF3TX", "Alt Analog Codec Capture", 0, 560 SND_SOC_NOPM, 0, 0), 561 562 /* Input Pins */ 563 SND_SOC_DAPM_INPUT("Codec Input Pin1"), 564 SND_SOC_DAPM_INPUT("Codec Input Pin2"), 565 SND_SOC_DAPM_INPUT("Codec Input Pin3"), 566 567 /* Output Pins */ 568 SND_SOC_DAPM_OUTPUT("Codec Output Pin1"), 569 SND_SOC_DAPM_OUTPUT("Codec Output Pin2"), 570 SND_SOC_DAPM_OUTPUT("Codec Output Pin3"), 571 }; 572 573 static const struct snd_soc_component_driver hdac_hda_codec = { 574 .probe = hdac_hda_codec_probe, 575 .remove = hdac_hda_codec_remove, 576 .dapm_widgets = hdac_hda_dapm_widgets, 577 .num_dapm_widgets = ARRAY_SIZE(hdac_hda_dapm_widgets), 578 .dapm_routes = hdac_hda_dapm_routes, 579 .num_dapm_routes = ARRAY_SIZE(hdac_hda_dapm_routes), 580 .idle_bias_on = false, 581 .endianness = 1, 582 }; 583 584 static int hdac_hda_dev_probe(struct hdac_device *hdev) 585 { 586 struct hdac_ext_link *hlink; 587 struct hdac_hda_priv *hda_pvt; 588 int ret; 589 590 /* hold the ref while we probe */ 591 hlink = snd_hdac_ext_bus_get_link(hdev->bus, dev_name(&hdev->dev)); 592 if (!hlink) { 593 dev_err(&hdev->dev, "hdac link not found\n"); 594 return -EIO; 595 } 596 snd_hdac_ext_bus_link_get(hdev->bus, hlink); 597 598 hda_pvt = hdac_to_hda_priv(hdev); 599 if (!hda_pvt) 600 return -ENOMEM; 601 602 /* ASoC specific initialization */ 603 ret = devm_snd_soc_register_component(&hdev->dev, 604 &hdac_hda_codec, hdac_hda_dais, 605 ARRAY_SIZE(hdac_hda_dais)); 606 if (ret < 0) { 607 dev_err(&hdev->dev, "failed to register HDA codec %d\n", ret); 608 return ret; 609 } 610 611 dev_set_drvdata(&hdev->dev, hda_pvt); 612 snd_hdac_ext_bus_link_put(hdev->bus, hlink); 613 614 return ret; 615 } 616 617 static int hdac_hda_dev_remove(struct hdac_device *hdev) 618 { 619 /* 620 * Resources are freed in hdac_hda_codec_remove(). This 621 * function is kept to keep hda_codec_driver_remove() happy. 622 */ 623 return 0; 624 } 625 626 static struct hdac_ext_bus_ops hdac_ops = { 627 .hdev_attach = hdac_hda_dev_probe, 628 .hdev_detach = hdac_hda_dev_remove, 629 }; 630 631 struct hdac_ext_bus_ops *snd_soc_hdac_hda_get_ops(void) 632 { 633 return &hdac_ops; 634 } 635 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_soc_hdac_hda_get_ops); 636 637 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2"); 638 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("ASoC Extensions for legacy HDA Drivers"); 639 MODULE_AUTHOR("Rakesh Ughreja<rakesh.a.ughreja@intel.com>"); 640