xref: /openbmc/linux/security/landlock/syscalls.c (revision 9b12f050)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * Landlock LSM - System call implementations and user space interfaces
4  *
5  * Copyright © 2016-2020 Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net>
6  * Copyright © 2018-2020 ANSSI
7  */
8 
9 #include <asm/current.h>
10 #include <linux/anon_inodes.h>
11 #include <linux/build_bug.h>
12 #include <linux/capability.h>
13 #include <linux/compiler_types.h>
14 #include <linux/dcache.h>
15 #include <linux/err.h>
16 #include <linux/errno.h>
17 #include <linux/fs.h>
18 #include <linux/limits.h>
19 #include <linux/mount.h>
20 #include <linux/path.h>
21 #include <linux/sched.h>
22 #include <linux/security.h>
23 #include <linux/stddef.h>
24 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
25 #include <linux/types.h>
26 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
27 #include <uapi/linux/landlock.h>
28 
29 #include "cred.h"
30 #include "fs.h"
31 #include "limits.h"
32 #include "ruleset.h"
33 #include "setup.h"
34 
35 /**
36  * copy_min_struct_from_user - Safe future-proof argument copying
37  *
38  * Extend copy_struct_from_user() to check for consistent user buffer.
39  *
40  * @dst: Kernel space pointer or NULL.
41  * @ksize: Actual size of the data pointed to by @dst.
42  * @ksize_min: Minimal required size to be copied.
43  * @src: User space pointer or NULL.
44  * @usize: (Alleged) size of the data pointed to by @src.
45  */
46 static __always_inline int
47 copy_min_struct_from_user(void *const dst, const size_t ksize,
48 			  const size_t ksize_min, const void __user *const src,
49 			  const size_t usize)
50 {
51 	/* Checks buffer inconsistencies. */
52 	BUILD_BUG_ON(!dst);
53 	if (!src)
54 		return -EFAULT;
55 
56 	/* Checks size ranges. */
57 	BUILD_BUG_ON(ksize <= 0);
58 	BUILD_BUG_ON(ksize < ksize_min);
59 	if (usize < ksize_min)
60 		return -EINVAL;
61 	if (usize > PAGE_SIZE)
62 		return -E2BIG;
63 
64 	/* Copies user buffer and fills with zeros. */
65 	return copy_struct_from_user(dst, ksize, src, usize);
66 }
67 
68 /*
69  * This function only contains arithmetic operations with constants, leading to
70  * BUILD_BUG_ON().  The related code is evaluated and checked at build time,
71  * but it is then ignored thanks to compiler optimizations.
72  */
73 static void build_check_abi(void)
74 {
75 	struct landlock_ruleset_attr ruleset_attr;
76 	struct landlock_path_beneath_attr path_beneath_attr;
77 	size_t ruleset_size, path_beneath_size;
78 
79 	/*
80 	 * For each user space ABI structures, first checks that there is no
81 	 * hole in them, then checks that all architectures have the same
82 	 * struct size.
83 	 */
84 	ruleset_size = sizeof(ruleset_attr.handled_access_fs);
85 	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(ruleset_attr) != ruleset_size);
86 	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(ruleset_attr) != 8);
87 
88 	path_beneath_size = sizeof(path_beneath_attr.allowed_access);
89 	path_beneath_size += sizeof(path_beneath_attr.parent_fd);
90 	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(path_beneath_attr) != path_beneath_size);
91 	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(path_beneath_attr) != 12);
92 }
93 
94 /* Ruleset handling */
95 
96 static int fop_ruleset_release(struct inode *const inode,
97 			       struct file *const filp)
98 {
99 	struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset = filp->private_data;
100 
101 	landlock_put_ruleset(ruleset);
102 	return 0;
103 }
104 
105 static ssize_t fop_dummy_read(struct file *const filp, char __user *const buf,
106 			      const size_t size, loff_t *const ppos)
107 {
108 	/* Dummy handler to enable FMODE_CAN_READ. */
109 	return -EINVAL;
110 }
111 
112 static ssize_t fop_dummy_write(struct file *const filp,
113 			       const char __user *const buf, const size_t size,
114 			       loff_t *const ppos)
115 {
116 	/* Dummy handler to enable FMODE_CAN_WRITE. */
117 	return -EINVAL;
118 }
119 
120 /*
121  * A ruleset file descriptor enables to build a ruleset by adding (i.e.
122  * writing) rule after rule, without relying on the task's context.  This
123  * reentrant design is also used in a read way to enforce the ruleset on the
124  * current task.
125  */
126 static const struct file_operations ruleset_fops = {
127 	.release = fop_ruleset_release,
128 	.read = fop_dummy_read,
129 	.write = fop_dummy_write,
130 };
131 
132 #define LANDLOCK_ABI_VERSION 3
133 
134 /**
135  * sys_landlock_create_ruleset - Create a new ruleset
136  *
137  * @attr: Pointer to a &struct landlock_ruleset_attr identifying the scope of
138  *        the new ruleset.
139  * @size: Size of the pointed &struct landlock_ruleset_attr (needed for
140  *        backward and forward compatibility).
141  * @flags: Supported value: %LANDLOCK_CREATE_RULESET_VERSION.
142  *
143  * This system call enables to create a new Landlock ruleset, and returns the
144  * related file descriptor on success.
145  *
146  * If @flags is %LANDLOCK_CREATE_RULESET_VERSION and @attr is NULL and @size is
147  * 0, then the returned value is the highest supported Landlock ABI version
148  * (starting at 1).
149  *
150  * Possible returned errors are:
151  *
152  * - %EOPNOTSUPP: Landlock is supported by the kernel but disabled at boot time;
153  * - %EINVAL: unknown @flags, or unknown access, or too small @size;
154  * - %E2BIG or %EFAULT: @attr or @size inconsistencies;
155  * - %ENOMSG: empty &landlock_ruleset_attr.handled_access_fs.
156  */
157 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(landlock_create_ruleset,
158 		const struct landlock_ruleset_attr __user *const, attr,
159 		const size_t, size, const __u32, flags)
160 {
161 	struct landlock_ruleset_attr ruleset_attr;
162 	struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset;
163 	int err, ruleset_fd;
164 
165 	/* Build-time checks. */
166 	build_check_abi();
167 
168 	if (!landlock_initialized)
169 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
170 
171 	if (flags) {
172 		if ((flags == LANDLOCK_CREATE_RULESET_VERSION) && !attr &&
173 		    !size)
174 			return LANDLOCK_ABI_VERSION;
175 		return -EINVAL;
176 	}
177 
178 	/* Copies raw user space buffer. */
179 	err = copy_min_struct_from_user(&ruleset_attr, sizeof(ruleset_attr),
180 					offsetofend(typeof(ruleset_attr),
181 						    handled_access_fs),
182 					attr, size);
183 	if (err)
184 		return err;
185 
186 	/* Checks content (and 32-bits cast). */
187 	if ((ruleset_attr.handled_access_fs | LANDLOCK_MASK_ACCESS_FS) !=
188 	    LANDLOCK_MASK_ACCESS_FS)
189 		return -EINVAL;
190 
191 	/* Checks arguments and transforms to kernel struct. */
192 	ruleset = landlock_create_ruleset(ruleset_attr.handled_access_fs);
193 	if (IS_ERR(ruleset))
194 		return PTR_ERR(ruleset);
195 
196 	/* Creates anonymous FD referring to the ruleset. */
197 	ruleset_fd = anon_inode_getfd("[landlock-ruleset]", &ruleset_fops,
198 				      ruleset, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
199 	if (ruleset_fd < 0)
200 		landlock_put_ruleset(ruleset);
201 	return ruleset_fd;
202 }
203 
204 /*
205  * Returns an owned ruleset from a FD. It is thus needed to call
206  * landlock_put_ruleset() on the return value.
207  */
208 static struct landlock_ruleset *get_ruleset_from_fd(const int fd,
209 						    const fmode_t mode)
210 {
211 	struct fd ruleset_f;
212 	struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset;
213 
214 	ruleset_f = fdget(fd);
215 	if (!ruleset_f.file)
216 		return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
217 
218 	/* Checks FD type and access right. */
219 	if (ruleset_f.file->f_op != &ruleset_fops) {
220 		ruleset = ERR_PTR(-EBADFD);
221 		goto out_fdput;
222 	}
223 	if (!(ruleset_f.file->f_mode & mode)) {
224 		ruleset = ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
225 		goto out_fdput;
226 	}
227 	ruleset = ruleset_f.file->private_data;
228 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ruleset->num_layers != 1)) {
229 		ruleset = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
230 		goto out_fdput;
231 	}
232 	landlock_get_ruleset(ruleset);
233 
234 out_fdput:
235 	fdput(ruleset_f);
236 	return ruleset;
237 }
238 
239 /* Path handling */
240 
241 /*
242  * @path: Must call put_path(@path) after the call if it succeeded.
243  */
244 static int get_path_from_fd(const s32 fd, struct path *const path)
245 {
246 	struct fd f;
247 	int err = 0;
248 
249 	BUILD_BUG_ON(!__same_type(
250 		fd, ((struct landlock_path_beneath_attr *)NULL)->parent_fd));
251 
252 	/* Handles O_PATH. */
253 	f = fdget_raw(fd);
254 	if (!f.file)
255 		return -EBADF;
256 	/*
257 	 * Forbids ruleset FDs, internal filesystems (e.g. nsfs), including
258 	 * pseudo filesystems that will never be mountable (e.g. sockfs,
259 	 * pipefs).
260 	 */
261 	if ((f.file->f_op == &ruleset_fops) ||
262 	    (f.file->f_path.mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_INTERNAL) ||
263 	    (f.file->f_path.dentry->d_sb->s_flags & SB_NOUSER) ||
264 	    d_is_negative(f.file->f_path.dentry) ||
265 	    IS_PRIVATE(d_backing_inode(f.file->f_path.dentry))) {
266 		err = -EBADFD;
267 		goto out_fdput;
268 	}
269 	*path = f.file->f_path;
270 	path_get(path);
271 
272 out_fdput:
273 	fdput(f);
274 	return err;
275 }
276 
277 /**
278  * sys_landlock_add_rule - Add a new rule to a ruleset
279  *
280  * @ruleset_fd: File descriptor tied to the ruleset that should be extended
281  *		with the new rule.
282  * @rule_type: Identify the structure type pointed to by @rule_attr (only
283  *             %LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH for now).
284  * @rule_attr: Pointer to a rule (only of type &struct
285  *             landlock_path_beneath_attr for now).
286  * @flags: Must be 0.
287  *
288  * This system call enables to define a new rule and add it to an existing
289  * ruleset.
290  *
291  * Possible returned errors are:
292  *
293  * - %EOPNOTSUPP: Landlock is supported by the kernel but disabled at boot time;
294  * - %EINVAL: @flags is not 0, or inconsistent access in the rule (i.e.
295  *   &landlock_path_beneath_attr.allowed_access is not a subset of the
296  *   ruleset handled accesses);
297  * - %ENOMSG: Empty accesses (e.g. &landlock_path_beneath_attr.allowed_access);
298  * - %EBADF: @ruleset_fd is not a file descriptor for the current thread, or a
299  *   member of @rule_attr is not a file descriptor as expected;
300  * - %EBADFD: @ruleset_fd is not a ruleset file descriptor, or a member of
301  *   @rule_attr is not the expected file descriptor type;
302  * - %EPERM: @ruleset_fd has no write access to the underlying ruleset;
303  * - %EFAULT: @rule_attr inconsistency.
304  */
305 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(landlock_add_rule, const int, ruleset_fd,
306 		const enum landlock_rule_type, rule_type,
307 		const void __user *const, rule_attr, const __u32, flags)
308 {
309 	struct landlock_path_beneath_attr path_beneath_attr;
310 	struct path path;
311 	struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset;
312 	int res, err;
313 
314 	if (!landlock_initialized)
315 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
316 
317 	/* No flag for now. */
318 	if (flags)
319 		return -EINVAL;
320 
321 	/* Gets and checks the ruleset. */
322 	ruleset = get_ruleset_from_fd(ruleset_fd, FMODE_CAN_WRITE);
323 	if (IS_ERR(ruleset))
324 		return PTR_ERR(ruleset);
325 
326 	if (rule_type != LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH) {
327 		err = -EINVAL;
328 		goto out_put_ruleset;
329 	}
330 
331 	/* Copies raw user space buffer, only one type for now. */
332 	res = copy_from_user(&path_beneath_attr, rule_attr,
333 			     sizeof(path_beneath_attr));
334 	if (res) {
335 		err = -EFAULT;
336 		goto out_put_ruleset;
337 	}
338 
339 	/*
340 	 * Informs about useless rule: empty allowed_access (i.e. deny rules)
341 	 * are ignored in path walks.
342 	 */
343 	if (!path_beneath_attr.allowed_access) {
344 		err = -ENOMSG;
345 		goto out_put_ruleset;
346 	}
347 	/*
348 	 * Checks that allowed_access matches the @ruleset constraints
349 	 * (ruleset->fs_access_masks[0] is automatically upgraded to 64-bits).
350 	 */
351 	if ((path_beneath_attr.allowed_access | ruleset->fs_access_masks[0]) !=
352 	    ruleset->fs_access_masks[0]) {
353 		err = -EINVAL;
354 		goto out_put_ruleset;
355 	}
356 
357 	/* Gets and checks the new rule. */
358 	err = get_path_from_fd(path_beneath_attr.parent_fd, &path);
359 	if (err)
360 		goto out_put_ruleset;
361 
362 	/* Imports the new rule. */
363 	err = landlock_append_fs_rule(ruleset, &path,
364 				      path_beneath_attr.allowed_access);
365 	path_put(&path);
366 
367 out_put_ruleset:
368 	landlock_put_ruleset(ruleset);
369 	return err;
370 }
371 
372 /* Enforcement */
373 
374 /**
375  * sys_landlock_restrict_self - Enforce a ruleset on the calling thread
376  *
377  * @ruleset_fd: File descriptor tied to the ruleset to merge with the target.
378  * @flags: Must be 0.
379  *
380  * This system call enables to enforce a Landlock ruleset on the current
381  * thread.  Enforcing a ruleset requires that the task has %CAP_SYS_ADMIN in its
382  * namespace or is running with no_new_privs.  This avoids scenarios where
383  * unprivileged tasks can affect the behavior of privileged children.
384  *
385  * Possible returned errors are:
386  *
387  * - %EOPNOTSUPP: Landlock is supported by the kernel but disabled at boot time;
388  * - %EINVAL: @flags is not 0.
389  * - %EBADF: @ruleset_fd is not a file descriptor for the current thread;
390  * - %EBADFD: @ruleset_fd is not a ruleset file descriptor;
391  * - %EPERM: @ruleset_fd has no read access to the underlying ruleset, or the
392  *   current thread is not running with no_new_privs, or it doesn't have
393  *   %CAP_SYS_ADMIN in its namespace.
394  * - %E2BIG: The maximum number of stacked rulesets is reached for the current
395  *   thread.
396  */
397 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(landlock_restrict_self, const int, ruleset_fd, const __u32,
398 		flags)
399 {
400 	struct landlock_ruleset *new_dom, *ruleset;
401 	struct cred *new_cred;
402 	struct landlock_cred_security *new_llcred;
403 	int err;
404 
405 	if (!landlock_initialized)
406 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
407 
408 	/*
409 	 * Similar checks as for seccomp(2), except that an -EPERM may be
410 	 * returned.
411 	 */
412 	if (!task_no_new_privs(current) &&
413 	    !ns_capable_noaudit(current_user_ns(), CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
414 		return -EPERM;
415 
416 	/* No flag for now. */
417 	if (flags)
418 		return -EINVAL;
419 
420 	/* Gets and checks the ruleset. */
421 	ruleset = get_ruleset_from_fd(ruleset_fd, FMODE_CAN_READ);
422 	if (IS_ERR(ruleset))
423 		return PTR_ERR(ruleset);
424 
425 	/* Prepares new credentials. */
426 	new_cred = prepare_creds();
427 	if (!new_cred) {
428 		err = -ENOMEM;
429 		goto out_put_ruleset;
430 	}
431 	new_llcred = landlock_cred(new_cred);
432 
433 	/*
434 	 * There is no possible race condition while copying and manipulating
435 	 * the current credentials because they are dedicated per thread.
436 	 */
437 	new_dom = landlock_merge_ruleset(new_llcred->domain, ruleset);
438 	if (IS_ERR(new_dom)) {
439 		err = PTR_ERR(new_dom);
440 		goto out_put_creds;
441 	}
442 
443 	/* Replaces the old (prepared) domain. */
444 	landlock_put_ruleset(new_llcred->domain);
445 	new_llcred->domain = new_dom;
446 
447 	landlock_put_ruleset(ruleset);
448 	return commit_creds(new_cred);
449 
450 out_put_creds:
451 	abort_creds(new_cred);
452 
453 out_put_ruleset:
454 	landlock_put_ruleset(ruleset);
455 	return err;
456 }
457