xref: /openbmc/linux/security/landlock/syscalls.c (revision 276e552e)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * Landlock LSM - System call implementations and user space interfaces
4  *
5  * Copyright © 2016-2020 Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net>
6  * Copyright © 2018-2020 ANSSI
7  */
8 
9 #include <asm/current.h>
10 #include <linux/anon_inodes.h>
11 #include <linux/build_bug.h>
12 #include <linux/capability.h>
13 #include <linux/compiler_types.h>
14 #include <linux/dcache.h>
15 #include <linux/err.h>
16 #include <linux/errno.h>
17 #include <linux/fs.h>
18 #include <linux/limits.h>
19 #include <linux/mount.h>
20 #include <linux/path.h>
21 #include <linux/sched.h>
22 #include <linux/security.h>
23 #include <linux/stddef.h>
24 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
25 #include <linux/types.h>
26 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
27 #include <uapi/linux/landlock.h>
28 
29 #include "cred.h"
30 #include "fs.h"
31 #include "limits.h"
32 #include "ruleset.h"
33 #include "setup.h"
34 
35 /**
36  * copy_min_struct_from_user - Safe future-proof argument copying
37  *
38  * Extend copy_struct_from_user() to check for consistent user buffer.
39  *
40  * @dst: Kernel space pointer or NULL.
41  * @ksize: Actual size of the data pointed to by @dst.
42  * @ksize_min: Minimal required size to be copied.
43  * @src: User space pointer or NULL.
44  * @usize: (Alleged) size of the data pointed to by @src.
45  */
46 static __always_inline int copy_min_struct_from_user(void *const dst,
47 		const size_t ksize, const size_t ksize_min,
48 		const void __user *const src, const size_t usize)
49 {
50 	/* Checks buffer inconsistencies. */
51 	BUILD_BUG_ON(!dst);
52 	if (!src)
53 		return -EFAULT;
54 
55 	/* Checks size ranges. */
56 	BUILD_BUG_ON(ksize <= 0);
57 	BUILD_BUG_ON(ksize < ksize_min);
58 	if (usize < ksize_min)
59 		return -EINVAL;
60 	if (usize > PAGE_SIZE)
61 		return -E2BIG;
62 
63 	/* Copies user buffer and fills with zeros. */
64 	return copy_struct_from_user(dst, ksize, src, usize);
65 }
66 
67 /*
68  * This function only contains arithmetic operations with constants, leading to
69  * BUILD_BUG_ON().  The related code is evaluated and checked at build time,
70  * but it is then ignored thanks to compiler optimizations.
71  */
72 static void build_check_abi(void)
73 {
74 	struct landlock_ruleset_attr ruleset_attr;
75 	struct landlock_path_beneath_attr path_beneath_attr;
76 	size_t ruleset_size, path_beneath_size;
77 
78 	/*
79 	 * For each user space ABI structures, first checks that there is no
80 	 * hole in them, then checks that all architectures have the same
81 	 * struct size.
82 	 */
83 	ruleset_size = sizeof(ruleset_attr.handled_access_fs);
84 	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(ruleset_attr) != ruleset_size);
85 	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(ruleset_attr) != 8);
86 
87 	path_beneath_size = sizeof(path_beneath_attr.allowed_access);
88 	path_beneath_size += sizeof(path_beneath_attr.parent_fd);
89 	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(path_beneath_attr) != path_beneath_size);
90 	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(path_beneath_attr) != 12);
91 }
92 
93 /* Ruleset handling */
94 
95 static int fop_ruleset_release(struct inode *const inode,
96 		struct file *const filp)
97 {
98 	struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset = filp->private_data;
99 
100 	landlock_put_ruleset(ruleset);
101 	return 0;
102 }
103 
104 static ssize_t fop_dummy_read(struct file *const filp, char __user *const buf,
105 		const size_t size, loff_t *const ppos)
106 {
107 	/* Dummy handler to enable FMODE_CAN_READ. */
108 	return -EINVAL;
109 }
110 
111 static ssize_t fop_dummy_write(struct file *const filp,
112 		const char __user *const buf, const size_t size,
113 		loff_t *const ppos)
114 {
115 	/* Dummy handler to enable FMODE_CAN_WRITE. */
116 	return -EINVAL;
117 }
118 
119 /*
120  * A ruleset file descriptor enables to build a ruleset by adding (i.e.
121  * writing) rule after rule, without relying on the task's context.  This
122  * reentrant design is also used in a read way to enforce the ruleset on the
123  * current task.
124  */
125 static const struct file_operations ruleset_fops = {
126 	.release = fop_ruleset_release,
127 	.read = fop_dummy_read,
128 	.write = fop_dummy_write,
129 };
130 
131 #define LANDLOCK_ABI_VERSION	1
132 
133 /**
134  * sys_landlock_create_ruleset - Create a new ruleset
135  *
136  * @attr: Pointer to a &struct landlock_ruleset_attr identifying the scope of
137  *        the new ruleset.
138  * @size: Size of the pointed &struct landlock_ruleset_attr (needed for
139  *        backward and forward compatibility).
140  * @flags: Supported value: %LANDLOCK_CREATE_RULESET_VERSION.
141  *
142  * This system call enables to create a new Landlock ruleset, and returns the
143  * related file descriptor on success.
144  *
145  * If @flags is %LANDLOCK_CREATE_RULESET_VERSION and @attr is NULL and @size is
146  * 0, then the returned value is the highest supported Landlock ABI version
147  * (starting at 1).
148  *
149  * Possible returned errors are:
150  *
151  * - EOPNOTSUPP: Landlock is supported by the kernel but disabled at boot time;
152  * - EINVAL: unknown @flags, or unknown access, or too small @size;
153  * - E2BIG or EFAULT: @attr or @size inconsistencies;
154  * - ENOMSG: empty &landlock_ruleset_attr.handled_access_fs.
155  */
156 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(landlock_create_ruleset,
157 		const struct landlock_ruleset_attr __user *const, attr,
158 		const size_t, size, const __u32, flags)
159 {
160 	struct landlock_ruleset_attr ruleset_attr;
161 	struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset;
162 	int err, ruleset_fd;
163 
164 	/* Build-time checks. */
165 	build_check_abi();
166 
167 	if (!landlock_initialized)
168 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
169 
170 	if (flags) {
171 		if ((flags == LANDLOCK_CREATE_RULESET_VERSION)
172 				&& !attr && !size)
173 			return LANDLOCK_ABI_VERSION;
174 		return -EINVAL;
175 	}
176 
177 	/* Copies raw user space buffer. */
178 	err = copy_min_struct_from_user(&ruleset_attr, sizeof(ruleset_attr),
179 			offsetofend(typeof(ruleset_attr), handled_access_fs),
180 			attr, size);
181 	if (err)
182 		return err;
183 
184 	/* Checks content (and 32-bits cast). */
185 	if ((ruleset_attr.handled_access_fs | LANDLOCK_MASK_ACCESS_FS) !=
186 			LANDLOCK_MASK_ACCESS_FS)
187 		return -EINVAL;
188 
189 	/* Checks arguments and transforms to kernel struct. */
190 	ruleset = landlock_create_ruleset(ruleset_attr.handled_access_fs);
191 	if (IS_ERR(ruleset))
192 		return PTR_ERR(ruleset);
193 
194 	/* Creates anonymous FD referring to the ruleset. */
195 	ruleset_fd = anon_inode_getfd("landlock-ruleset", &ruleset_fops,
196 			ruleset, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
197 	if (ruleset_fd < 0)
198 		landlock_put_ruleset(ruleset);
199 	return ruleset_fd;
200 }
201 
202 /*
203  * Returns an owned ruleset from a FD. It is thus needed to call
204  * landlock_put_ruleset() on the return value.
205  */
206 static struct landlock_ruleset *get_ruleset_from_fd(const int fd,
207 		const fmode_t mode)
208 {
209 	struct fd ruleset_f;
210 	struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset;
211 
212 	ruleset_f = fdget(fd);
213 	if (!ruleset_f.file)
214 		return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
215 
216 	/* Checks FD type and access right. */
217 	if (ruleset_f.file->f_op != &ruleset_fops) {
218 		ruleset = ERR_PTR(-EBADFD);
219 		goto out_fdput;
220 	}
221 	if (!(ruleset_f.file->f_mode & mode)) {
222 		ruleset = ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
223 		goto out_fdput;
224 	}
225 	ruleset = ruleset_f.file->private_data;
226 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ruleset->num_layers != 1)) {
227 		ruleset = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
228 		goto out_fdput;
229 	}
230 	landlock_get_ruleset(ruleset);
231 
232 out_fdput:
233 	fdput(ruleset_f);
234 	return ruleset;
235 }
236 
237 /* Path handling */
238 
239 /*
240  * @path: Must call put_path(@path) after the call if it succeeded.
241  */
242 static int get_path_from_fd(const s32 fd, struct path *const path)
243 {
244 	struct fd f;
245 	int err = 0;
246 
247 	BUILD_BUG_ON(!__same_type(fd,
248 		((struct landlock_path_beneath_attr *)NULL)->parent_fd));
249 
250 	/* Handles O_PATH. */
251 	f = fdget_raw(fd);
252 	if (!f.file)
253 		return -EBADF;
254 	/*
255 	 * Forbids ruleset FDs, internal filesystems (e.g. nsfs), including
256 	 * pseudo filesystems that will never be mountable (e.g. sockfs,
257 	 * pipefs).
258 	 */
259 	if ((f.file->f_op == &ruleset_fops) ||
260 			(f.file->f_path.mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_INTERNAL) ||
261 			(f.file->f_path.dentry->d_sb->s_flags & SB_NOUSER) ||
262 			d_is_negative(f.file->f_path.dentry) ||
263 			IS_PRIVATE(d_backing_inode(f.file->f_path.dentry))) {
264 		err = -EBADFD;
265 		goto out_fdput;
266 	}
267 	*path = f.file->f_path;
268 	path_get(path);
269 
270 out_fdput:
271 	fdput(f);
272 	return err;
273 }
274 
275 /**
276  * sys_landlock_add_rule - Add a new rule to a ruleset
277  *
278  * @ruleset_fd: File descriptor tied to the ruleset that should be extended
279  *		with the new rule.
280  * @rule_type: Identify the structure type pointed to by @rule_attr (only
281  *             LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH for now).
282  * @rule_attr: Pointer to a rule (only of type &struct
283  *             landlock_path_beneath_attr for now).
284  * @flags: Must be 0.
285  *
286  * This system call enables to define a new rule and add it to an existing
287  * ruleset.
288  *
289  * Possible returned errors are:
290  *
291  * - EOPNOTSUPP: Landlock is supported by the kernel but disabled at boot time;
292  * - EINVAL: @flags is not 0, or inconsistent access in the rule (i.e.
293  *   &landlock_path_beneath_attr.allowed_access is not a subset of the rule's
294  *   accesses);
295  * - ENOMSG: Empty accesses (e.g. &landlock_path_beneath_attr.allowed_access);
296  * - EBADF: @ruleset_fd is not a file descriptor for the current thread, or a
297  *   member of @rule_attr is not a file descriptor as expected;
298  * - EBADFD: @ruleset_fd is not a ruleset file descriptor, or a member of
299  *   @rule_attr is not the expected file descriptor type (e.g. file open
300  *   without O_PATH);
301  * - EPERM: @ruleset_fd has no write access to the underlying ruleset;
302  * - EFAULT: @rule_attr inconsistency.
303  */
304 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(landlock_add_rule,
305 		const int, ruleset_fd, const enum landlock_rule_type, rule_type,
306 		const void __user *const, rule_attr, const __u32, flags)
307 {
308 	struct landlock_path_beneath_attr path_beneath_attr;
309 	struct path path;
310 	struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset;
311 	int res, err;
312 
313 	if (!landlock_initialized)
314 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
315 
316 	/* No flag for now. */
317 	if (flags)
318 		return -EINVAL;
319 
320 	if (rule_type != LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH)
321 		return -EINVAL;
322 
323 	/* Copies raw user space buffer, only one type for now. */
324 	res = copy_from_user(&path_beneath_attr, rule_attr,
325 			sizeof(path_beneath_attr));
326 	if (res)
327 		return -EFAULT;
328 
329 	/* Gets and checks the ruleset. */
330 	ruleset = get_ruleset_from_fd(ruleset_fd, FMODE_CAN_WRITE);
331 	if (IS_ERR(ruleset))
332 		return PTR_ERR(ruleset);
333 
334 	/*
335 	 * Informs about useless rule: empty allowed_access (i.e. deny rules)
336 	 * are ignored in path walks.
337 	 */
338 	if (!path_beneath_attr.allowed_access) {
339 		err = -ENOMSG;
340 		goto out_put_ruleset;
341 	}
342 	/*
343 	 * Checks that allowed_access matches the @ruleset constraints
344 	 * (ruleset->fs_access_masks[0] is automatically upgraded to 64-bits).
345 	 */
346 	if ((path_beneath_attr.allowed_access | ruleset->fs_access_masks[0]) !=
347 			ruleset->fs_access_masks[0]) {
348 		err = -EINVAL;
349 		goto out_put_ruleset;
350 	}
351 
352 	/* Gets and checks the new rule. */
353 	err = get_path_from_fd(path_beneath_attr.parent_fd, &path);
354 	if (err)
355 		goto out_put_ruleset;
356 
357 	/* Imports the new rule. */
358 	err = landlock_append_fs_rule(ruleset, &path,
359 			path_beneath_attr.allowed_access);
360 	path_put(&path);
361 
362 out_put_ruleset:
363 	landlock_put_ruleset(ruleset);
364 	return err;
365 }
366 
367 /* Enforcement */
368 
369 /**
370  * sys_landlock_restrict_self - Enforce a ruleset on the calling thread
371  *
372  * @ruleset_fd: File descriptor tied to the ruleset to merge with the target.
373  * @flags: Must be 0.
374  *
375  * This system call enables to enforce a Landlock ruleset on the current
376  * thread.  Enforcing a ruleset requires that the task has CAP_SYS_ADMIN in its
377  * namespace or is running with no_new_privs.  This avoids scenarios where
378  * unprivileged tasks can affect the behavior of privileged children.
379  *
380  * Possible returned errors are:
381  *
382  * - EOPNOTSUPP: Landlock is supported by the kernel but disabled at boot time;
383  * - EINVAL: @flags is not 0.
384  * - EBADF: @ruleset_fd is not a file descriptor for the current thread;
385  * - EBADFD: @ruleset_fd is not a ruleset file descriptor;
386  * - EPERM: @ruleset_fd has no read access to the underlying ruleset, or the
387  *   current thread is not running with no_new_privs, or it doesn't have
388  *   CAP_SYS_ADMIN in its namespace.
389  * - E2BIG: The maximum number of stacked rulesets is reached for the current
390  *   thread.
391  */
392 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(landlock_restrict_self,
393 		const int, ruleset_fd, const __u32, flags)
394 {
395 	struct landlock_ruleset *new_dom, *ruleset;
396 	struct cred *new_cred;
397 	struct landlock_cred_security *new_llcred;
398 	int err;
399 
400 	if (!landlock_initialized)
401 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
402 
403 	/* No flag for now. */
404 	if (flags)
405 		return -EINVAL;
406 
407 	/*
408 	 * Similar checks as for seccomp(2), except that an -EPERM may be
409 	 * returned.
410 	 */
411 	if (!task_no_new_privs(current) &&
412 			!ns_capable_noaudit(current_user_ns(), CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
413 		return -EPERM;
414 
415 	/* Gets and checks the ruleset. */
416 	ruleset = get_ruleset_from_fd(ruleset_fd, FMODE_CAN_READ);
417 	if (IS_ERR(ruleset))
418 		return PTR_ERR(ruleset);
419 
420 	/* Prepares new credentials. */
421 	new_cred = prepare_creds();
422 	if (!new_cred) {
423 		err = -ENOMEM;
424 		goto out_put_ruleset;
425 	}
426 	new_llcred = landlock_cred(new_cred);
427 
428 	/*
429 	 * There is no possible race condition while copying and manipulating
430 	 * the current credentials because they are dedicated per thread.
431 	 */
432 	new_dom = landlock_merge_ruleset(new_llcred->domain, ruleset);
433 	if (IS_ERR(new_dom)) {
434 		err = PTR_ERR(new_dom);
435 		goto out_put_creds;
436 	}
437 
438 	/* Replaces the old (prepared) domain. */
439 	landlock_put_ruleset(new_llcred->domain);
440 	new_llcred->domain = new_dom;
441 
442 	landlock_put_ruleset(ruleset);
443 	return commit_creds(new_cred);
444 
445 out_put_creds:
446 	abort_creds(new_cred);
447 
448 out_put_ruleset:
449 	landlock_put_ruleset(ruleset);
450 	return err;
451 }
452