eBPF sample programs
====================

This directory contains a test stubs, verifier test-suite and examples
for using eBPF. The examples use libbpf from tools/lib/bpf.

Note that the XDP-specific samples have been removed from this directory and
moved to the xdp-tools repository: https://github.com/xdp-project/xdp-tools
See the commit messages removing each tool from this directory for how to
convert specific command invocations between the old samples and the utilities
in xdp-tools.

Build dependencies
==================

Compiling requires having installed:
 * clang
 * llvm
 * pahole

Consult :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst <changes>` for the minimum
version numbers required and how to update them. Note that LLVM's tool
'llc' must support target 'bpf', list version and supported targets with
command: ``llc --version``

Clean and configuration
-----------------------

It can be needed to clean tools, samples or kernel before trying new arch or
after some changes (on demand)::

 make -C tools clean
 make -C samples/bpf clean
 make clean

Configure kernel, defconfig for instance
(see "tools/testing/selftests/bpf/config" for a reference config)::

 make defconfig

Kernel headers
--------------

There are usually dependencies to header files of the current kernel.
To avoid installing devel kernel headers system wide, as a normal
user, simply call::

 make headers_install

This will create a local "usr/include" directory in the git/build top
level directory, that the make system will automatically pick up first.

Compiling
=========

For building the BPF samples, issue the below command from the kernel
top level directory::

 make M=samples/bpf

It is also possible to call make from this directory.  This will just
hide the invocation of make as above.

Manually compiling LLVM with 'bpf' support
------------------------------------------

Since version 3.7.0, LLVM adds a proper LLVM backend target for the
BPF bytecode architecture.

By default llvm will build all non-experimental backends including bpf.
To generate a smaller llc binary one can use::

 -DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD="BPF"

We recommend that developers who want the fastest incremental builds
use the Ninja build system, you can find it in your system's package
manager, usually the package is ninja or ninja-build.

Quick sniplet for manually compiling LLVM and clang
(build dependencies are ninja, cmake and gcc-c++)::

 $ git clone https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git
 $ mkdir -p llvm-project/llvm/build
 $ cd llvm-project/llvm/build
 $ cmake .. -G "Ninja" -DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD="BPF;X86" \
            -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS="clang"    \
            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release        \
            -DLLVM_BUILD_RUNTIME=OFF
 $ ninja

It is also possible to point make to the newly compiled 'llc' or
'clang' command via redefining LLC or CLANG on the make command line::

 make M=samples/bpf LLC=~/git/llvm-project/llvm/build/bin/llc CLANG=~/git/llvm-project/llvm/build/bin/clang

Cross compiling samples
-----------------------
In order to cross-compile, say for arm64 targets, export CROSS_COMPILE and ARCH
environment variables before calling make. But do this before clean,
configuration and header install steps described above. This will direct make to
build samples for the cross target::

 export ARCH=arm64
 export CROSS_COMPILE="aarch64-linux-gnu-"

Headers can be also installed on RFS of target board if need to keep them in
sync (not necessarily and it creates a local "usr/include" directory also)::

 make INSTALL_HDR_PATH=~/some_sysroot/usr headers_install

Pointing LLC and CLANG is not necessarily if it's installed on HOST and have
in its targets appropriate arm64 arch (usually it has several arches).
Build samples::

 make M=samples/bpf

Or build samples with SYSROOT if some header or library is absent in toolchain,
say libelf, providing address to file system containing headers and libs,
can be RFS of target board::

 make M=samples/bpf SYSROOT=~/some_sysroot

This file describes how to run the tcp_*_kern.o tcp_bpf (or socket_ops)
programs. These programs attach to a cgroupv2. The following commands create
a cgroupv2 and attach a bash shell to the group.

  mkdir -p /tmp/cgroupv2
  mount -t cgroup2 none /tmp/cgroupv2
  mkdir -p /tmp/cgroupv2/foo
  bash
  echo $$ >> /tmp/cgroupv2/foo/cgroup.procs

Anything that runs under this shell belongs to the foo cgroupv2. To load
(attach) one of the tcp_*_kern.o programs:

  bpftool prog load tcp_basertt_kern.o /sys/fs/bpf/tcp_prog
  bpftool cgroup attach /tmp/cgroupv2/foo sock_ops pinned /sys/fs/bpf/tcp_prog
  bpftool prog tracelog

"bpftool prog tracelog" will continue to run printing the BPF log buffer.
The tcp_*_kern.o programs use special print functions to print logging
information (if enabled by the ifdef).

If using netperf/netserver to create traffic, you need to run them under the
cgroupv2 to which the BPF programs are attached (i.e. under bash shell
attached to the cgroupv2).

To remove (unattach) a socket_ops BPF program from a cgroupv2:

  bpftool cgroup detach /tmp/cgroupv2/foo sock_ops pinned /sys/fs/bpf/tcp_prog