1 /* 2 * net/sched/sch_choke.c CHOKE scheduler 3 * 4 * Copyright (c) 2011 Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com> 5 * Copyright (c) 2011 Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> 6 * 7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or 8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License 9 * version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation. 10 * 11 */ 12 13 #include <linux/module.h> 14 #include <linux/types.h> 15 #include <linux/kernel.h> 16 #include <linux/skbuff.h> 17 #include <linux/reciprocal_div.h> 18 #include <linux/vmalloc.h> 19 #include <net/pkt_sched.h> 20 #include <net/inet_ecn.h> 21 #include <net/red.h> 22 #include <net/flow_keys.h> 23 24 /* 25 CHOKe stateless AQM for fair bandwidth allocation 26 ================================================= 27 28 CHOKe (CHOose and Keep for responsive flows, CHOose and Kill for 29 unresponsive flows) is a variant of RED that penalizes misbehaving flows but 30 maintains no flow state. The difference from RED is an additional step 31 during the enqueuing process. If average queue size is over the 32 low threshold (qmin), a packet is chosen at random from the queue. 33 If both the new and chosen packet are from the same flow, both 34 are dropped. Unlike RED, CHOKe is not really a "classful" qdisc because it 35 needs to access packets in queue randomly. It has a minimal class 36 interface to allow overriding the builtin flow classifier with 37 filters. 38 39 Source: 40 R. Pan, B. Prabhakar, and K. Psounis, "CHOKe, A Stateless 41 Active Queue Management Scheme for Approximating Fair Bandwidth Allocation", 42 IEEE INFOCOM, 2000. 43 44 A. Tang, J. Wang, S. Low, "Understanding CHOKe: Throughput and Spatial 45 Characteristics", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2004 46 47 */ 48 49 /* Upper bound on size of sk_buff table (packets) */ 50 #define CHOKE_MAX_QUEUE (128*1024 - 1) 51 52 struct choke_sched_data { 53 /* Parameters */ 54 u32 limit; 55 unsigned char flags; 56 57 struct red_parms parms; 58 59 /* Variables */ 60 struct red_vars vars; 61 struct tcf_proto *filter_list; 62 struct { 63 u32 prob_drop; /* Early probability drops */ 64 u32 prob_mark; /* Early probability marks */ 65 u32 forced_drop; /* Forced drops, qavg > max_thresh */ 66 u32 forced_mark; /* Forced marks, qavg > max_thresh */ 67 u32 pdrop; /* Drops due to queue limits */ 68 u32 other; /* Drops due to drop() calls */ 69 u32 matched; /* Drops to flow match */ 70 } stats; 71 72 unsigned int head; 73 unsigned int tail; 74 75 unsigned int tab_mask; /* size - 1 */ 76 77 struct sk_buff **tab; 78 }; 79 80 /* deliver a random number between 0 and N - 1 */ 81 static u32 random_N(unsigned int N) 82 { 83 return reciprocal_divide(prandom_u32(), N); 84 } 85 86 /* number of elements in queue including holes */ 87 static unsigned int choke_len(const struct choke_sched_data *q) 88 { 89 return (q->tail - q->head) & q->tab_mask; 90 } 91 92 /* Is ECN parameter configured */ 93 static int use_ecn(const struct choke_sched_data *q) 94 { 95 return q->flags & TC_RED_ECN; 96 } 97 98 /* Should packets over max just be dropped (versus marked) */ 99 static int use_harddrop(const struct choke_sched_data *q) 100 { 101 return q->flags & TC_RED_HARDDROP; 102 } 103 104 /* Move head pointer forward to skip over holes */ 105 static void choke_zap_head_holes(struct choke_sched_data *q) 106 { 107 do { 108 q->head = (q->head + 1) & q->tab_mask; 109 if (q->head == q->tail) 110 break; 111 } while (q->tab[q->head] == NULL); 112 } 113 114 /* Move tail pointer backwards to reuse holes */ 115 static void choke_zap_tail_holes(struct choke_sched_data *q) 116 { 117 do { 118 q->tail = (q->tail - 1) & q->tab_mask; 119 if (q->head == q->tail) 120 break; 121 } while (q->tab[q->tail] == NULL); 122 } 123 124 /* Drop packet from queue array by creating a "hole" */ 125 static void choke_drop_by_idx(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned int idx) 126 { 127 struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch); 128 struct sk_buff *skb = q->tab[idx]; 129 130 q->tab[idx] = NULL; 131 132 if (idx == q->head) 133 choke_zap_head_holes(q); 134 if (idx == q->tail) 135 choke_zap_tail_holes(q); 136 137 sch->qstats.backlog -= qdisc_pkt_len(skb); 138 qdisc_drop(skb, sch); 139 qdisc_tree_decrease_qlen(sch, 1); 140 --sch->q.qlen; 141 } 142 143 struct choke_skb_cb { 144 u16 classid; 145 u8 keys_valid; 146 struct flow_keys keys; 147 }; 148 149 static inline struct choke_skb_cb *choke_skb_cb(const struct sk_buff *skb) 150 { 151 qdisc_cb_private_validate(skb, sizeof(struct choke_skb_cb)); 152 return (struct choke_skb_cb *)qdisc_skb_cb(skb)->data; 153 } 154 155 static inline void choke_set_classid(struct sk_buff *skb, u16 classid) 156 { 157 choke_skb_cb(skb)->classid = classid; 158 } 159 160 static u16 choke_get_classid(const struct sk_buff *skb) 161 { 162 return choke_skb_cb(skb)->classid; 163 } 164 165 /* 166 * Compare flow of two packets 167 * Returns true only if source and destination address and port match. 168 * false for special cases 169 */ 170 static bool choke_match_flow(struct sk_buff *skb1, 171 struct sk_buff *skb2) 172 { 173 if (skb1->protocol != skb2->protocol) 174 return false; 175 176 if (!choke_skb_cb(skb1)->keys_valid) { 177 choke_skb_cb(skb1)->keys_valid = 1; 178 skb_flow_dissect(skb1, &choke_skb_cb(skb1)->keys); 179 } 180 181 if (!choke_skb_cb(skb2)->keys_valid) { 182 choke_skb_cb(skb2)->keys_valid = 1; 183 skb_flow_dissect(skb2, &choke_skb_cb(skb2)->keys); 184 } 185 186 return !memcmp(&choke_skb_cb(skb1)->keys, 187 &choke_skb_cb(skb2)->keys, 188 sizeof(struct flow_keys)); 189 } 190 191 /* 192 * Classify flow using either: 193 * 1. pre-existing classification result in skb 194 * 2. fast internal classification 195 * 3. use TC filter based classification 196 */ 197 static bool choke_classify(struct sk_buff *skb, 198 struct Qdisc *sch, int *qerr) 199 200 { 201 struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch); 202 struct tcf_result res; 203 int result; 204 205 result = tc_classify(skb, q->filter_list, &res); 206 if (result >= 0) { 207 #ifdef CONFIG_NET_CLS_ACT 208 switch (result) { 209 case TC_ACT_STOLEN: 210 case TC_ACT_QUEUED: 211 *qerr = NET_XMIT_SUCCESS | __NET_XMIT_STOLEN; 212 case TC_ACT_SHOT: 213 return false; 214 } 215 #endif 216 choke_set_classid(skb, TC_H_MIN(res.classid)); 217 return true; 218 } 219 220 return false; 221 } 222 223 /* 224 * Select a packet at random from queue 225 * HACK: since queue can have holes from previous deletion; retry several 226 * times to find a random skb but then just give up and return the head 227 * Will return NULL if queue is empty (q->head == q->tail) 228 */ 229 static struct sk_buff *choke_peek_random(const struct choke_sched_data *q, 230 unsigned int *pidx) 231 { 232 struct sk_buff *skb; 233 int retrys = 3; 234 235 do { 236 *pidx = (q->head + random_N(choke_len(q))) & q->tab_mask; 237 skb = q->tab[*pidx]; 238 if (skb) 239 return skb; 240 } while (--retrys > 0); 241 242 return q->tab[*pidx = q->head]; 243 } 244 245 /* 246 * Compare new packet with random packet in queue 247 * returns true if matched and sets *pidx 248 */ 249 static bool choke_match_random(const struct choke_sched_data *q, 250 struct sk_buff *nskb, 251 unsigned int *pidx) 252 { 253 struct sk_buff *oskb; 254 255 if (q->head == q->tail) 256 return false; 257 258 oskb = choke_peek_random(q, pidx); 259 if (q->filter_list) 260 return choke_get_classid(nskb) == choke_get_classid(oskb); 261 262 return choke_match_flow(oskb, nskb); 263 } 264 265 static int choke_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb, struct Qdisc *sch) 266 { 267 struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch); 268 const struct red_parms *p = &q->parms; 269 int ret = NET_XMIT_SUCCESS | __NET_XMIT_BYPASS; 270 271 if (q->filter_list) { 272 /* If using external classifiers, get result and record it. */ 273 if (!choke_classify(skb, sch, &ret)) 274 goto other_drop; /* Packet was eaten by filter */ 275 } 276 277 choke_skb_cb(skb)->keys_valid = 0; 278 /* Compute average queue usage (see RED) */ 279 q->vars.qavg = red_calc_qavg(p, &q->vars, sch->q.qlen); 280 if (red_is_idling(&q->vars)) 281 red_end_of_idle_period(&q->vars); 282 283 /* Is queue small? */ 284 if (q->vars.qavg <= p->qth_min) 285 q->vars.qcount = -1; 286 else { 287 unsigned int idx; 288 289 /* Draw a packet at random from queue and compare flow */ 290 if (choke_match_random(q, skb, &idx)) { 291 q->stats.matched++; 292 choke_drop_by_idx(sch, idx); 293 goto congestion_drop; 294 } 295 296 /* Queue is large, always mark/drop */ 297 if (q->vars.qavg > p->qth_max) { 298 q->vars.qcount = -1; 299 300 sch->qstats.overlimits++; 301 if (use_harddrop(q) || !use_ecn(q) || 302 !INET_ECN_set_ce(skb)) { 303 q->stats.forced_drop++; 304 goto congestion_drop; 305 } 306 307 q->stats.forced_mark++; 308 } else if (++q->vars.qcount) { 309 if (red_mark_probability(p, &q->vars, q->vars.qavg)) { 310 q->vars.qcount = 0; 311 q->vars.qR = red_random(p); 312 313 sch->qstats.overlimits++; 314 if (!use_ecn(q) || !INET_ECN_set_ce(skb)) { 315 q->stats.prob_drop++; 316 goto congestion_drop; 317 } 318 319 q->stats.prob_mark++; 320 } 321 } else 322 q->vars.qR = red_random(p); 323 } 324 325 /* Admit new packet */ 326 if (sch->q.qlen < q->limit) { 327 q->tab[q->tail] = skb; 328 q->tail = (q->tail + 1) & q->tab_mask; 329 ++sch->q.qlen; 330 sch->qstats.backlog += qdisc_pkt_len(skb); 331 return NET_XMIT_SUCCESS; 332 } 333 334 q->stats.pdrop++; 335 return qdisc_drop(skb, sch); 336 337 congestion_drop: 338 qdisc_drop(skb, sch); 339 return NET_XMIT_CN; 340 341 other_drop: 342 if (ret & __NET_XMIT_BYPASS) 343 sch->qstats.drops++; 344 kfree_skb(skb); 345 return ret; 346 } 347 348 static struct sk_buff *choke_dequeue(struct Qdisc *sch) 349 { 350 struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch); 351 struct sk_buff *skb; 352 353 if (q->head == q->tail) { 354 if (!red_is_idling(&q->vars)) 355 red_start_of_idle_period(&q->vars); 356 return NULL; 357 } 358 359 skb = q->tab[q->head]; 360 q->tab[q->head] = NULL; 361 choke_zap_head_holes(q); 362 --sch->q.qlen; 363 sch->qstats.backlog -= qdisc_pkt_len(skb); 364 qdisc_bstats_update(sch, skb); 365 366 return skb; 367 } 368 369 static unsigned int choke_drop(struct Qdisc *sch) 370 { 371 struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch); 372 unsigned int len; 373 374 len = qdisc_queue_drop(sch); 375 if (len > 0) 376 q->stats.other++; 377 else { 378 if (!red_is_idling(&q->vars)) 379 red_start_of_idle_period(&q->vars); 380 } 381 382 return len; 383 } 384 385 static void choke_reset(struct Qdisc *sch) 386 { 387 struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch); 388 389 red_restart(&q->vars); 390 } 391 392 static const struct nla_policy choke_policy[TCA_CHOKE_MAX + 1] = { 393 [TCA_CHOKE_PARMS] = { .len = sizeof(struct tc_red_qopt) }, 394 [TCA_CHOKE_STAB] = { .len = RED_STAB_SIZE }, 395 [TCA_CHOKE_MAX_P] = { .type = NLA_U32 }, 396 }; 397 398 399 static void choke_free(void *addr) 400 { 401 if (addr) { 402 if (is_vmalloc_addr(addr)) 403 vfree(addr); 404 else 405 kfree(addr); 406 } 407 } 408 409 static int choke_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt) 410 { 411 struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch); 412 struct nlattr *tb[TCA_CHOKE_MAX + 1]; 413 const struct tc_red_qopt *ctl; 414 int err; 415 struct sk_buff **old = NULL; 416 unsigned int mask; 417 u32 max_P; 418 419 if (opt == NULL) 420 return -EINVAL; 421 422 err = nla_parse_nested(tb, TCA_CHOKE_MAX, opt, choke_policy); 423 if (err < 0) 424 return err; 425 426 if (tb[TCA_CHOKE_PARMS] == NULL || 427 tb[TCA_CHOKE_STAB] == NULL) 428 return -EINVAL; 429 430 max_P = tb[TCA_CHOKE_MAX_P] ? nla_get_u32(tb[TCA_CHOKE_MAX_P]) : 0; 431 432 ctl = nla_data(tb[TCA_CHOKE_PARMS]); 433 434 if (ctl->limit > CHOKE_MAX_QUEUE) 435 return -EINVAL; 436 437 mask = roundup_pow_of_two(ctl->limit + 1) - 1; 438 if (mask != q->tab_mask) { 439 struct sk_buff **ntab; 440 441 ntab = kcalloc(mask + 1, sizeof(struct sk_buff *), GFP_KERNEL); 442 if (!ntab) 443 ntab = vzalloc((mask + 1) * sizeof(struct sk_buff *)); 444 if (!ntab) 445 return -ENOMEM; 446 447 sch_tree_lock(sch); 448 old = q->tab; 449 if (old) { 450 unsigned int oqlen = sch->q.qlen, tail = 0; 451 452 while (q->head != q->tail) { 453 struct sk_buff *skb = q->tab[q->head]; 454 455 q->head = (q->head + 1) & q->tab_mask; 456 if (!skb) 457 continue; 458 if (tail < mask) { 459 ntab[tail++] = skb; 460 continue; 461 } 462 sch->qstats.backlog -= qdisc_pkt_len(skb); 463 --sch->q.qlen; 464 qdisc_drop(skb, sch); 465 } 466 qdisc_tree_decrease_qlen(sch, oqlen - sch->q.qlen); 467 q->head = 0; 468 q->tail = tail; 469 } 470 471 q->tab_mask = mask; 472 q->tab = ntab; 473 } else 474 sch_tree_lock(sch); 475 476 q->flags = ctl->flags; 477 q->limit = ctl->limit; 478 479 red_set_parms(&q->parms, ctl->qth_min, ctl->qth_max, ctl->Wlog, 480 ctl->Plog, ctl->Scell_log, 481 nla_data(tb[TCA_CHOKE_STAB]), 482 max_P); 483 red_set_vars(&q->vars); 484 485 if (q->head == q->tail) 486 red_end_of_idle_period(&q->vars); 487 488 sch_tree_unlock(sch); 489 choke_free(old); 490 return 0; 491 } 492 493 static int choke_init(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt) 494 { 495 return choke_change(sch, opt); 496 } 497 498 static int choke_dump(struct Qdisc *sch, struct sk_buff *skb) 499 { 500 struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch); 501 struct nlattr *opts = NULL; 502 struct tc_red_qopt opt = { 503 .limit = q->limit, 504 .flags = q->flags, 505 .qth_min = q->parms.qth_min >> q->parms.Wlog, 506 .qth_max = q->parms.qth_max >> q->parms.Wlog, 507 .Wlog = q->parms.Wlog, 508 .Plog = q->parms.Plog, 509 .Scell_log = q->parms.Scell_log, 510 }; 511 512 opts = nla_nest_start(skb, TCA_OPTIONS); 513 if (opts == NULL) 514 goto nla_put_failure; 515 516 if (nla_put(skb, TCA_CHOKE_PARMS, sizeof(opt), &opt) || 517 nla_put_u32(skb, TCA_CHOKE_MAX_P, q->parms.max_P)) 518 goto nla_put_failure; 519 return nla_nest_end(skb, opts); 520 521 nla_put_failure: 522 nla_nest_cancel(skb, opts); 523 return -EMSGSIZE; 524 } 525 526 static int choke_dump_stats(struct Qdisc *sch, struct gnet_dump *d) 527 { 528 struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch); 529 struct tc_choke_xstats st = { 530 .early = q->stats.prob_drop + q->stats.forced_drop, 531 .marked = q->stats.prob_mark + q->stats.forced_mark, 532 .pdrop = q->stats.pdrop, 533 .other = q->stats.other, 534 .matched = q->stats.matched, 535 }; 536 537 return gnet_stats_copy_app(d, &st, sizeof(st)); 538 } 539 540 static void choke_destroy(struct Qdisc *sch) 541 { 542 struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch); 543 544 tcf_destroy_chain(&q->filter_list); 545 choke_free(q->tab); 546 } 547 548 static struct Qdisc *choke_leaf(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long arg) 549 { 550 return NULL; 551 } 552 553 static unsigned long choke_get(struct Qdisc *sch, u32 classid) 554 { 555 return 0; 556 } 557 558 static void choke_put(struct Qdisc *q, unsigned long cl) 559 { 560 } 561 562 static unsigned long choke_bind(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long parent, 563 u32 classid) 564 { 565 return 0; 566 } 567 568 static struct tcf_proto **choke_find_tcf(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long cl) 569 { 570 struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch); 571 572 if (cl) 573 return NULL; 574 return &q->filter_list; 575 } 576 577 static int choke_dump_class(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long cl, 578 struct sk_buff *skb, struct tcmsg *tcm) 579 { 580 tcm->tcm_handle |= TC_H_MIN(cl); 581 return 0; 582 } 583 584 static void choke_walk(struct Qdisc *sch, struct qdisc_walker *arg) 585 { 586 if (!arg->stop) { 587 if (arg->fn(sch, 1, arg) < 0) { 588 arg->stop = 1; 589 return; 590 } 591 arg->count++; 592 } 593 } 594 595 static const struct Qdisc_class_ops choke_class_ops = { 596 .leaf = choke_leaf, 597 .get = choke_get, 598 .put = choke_put, 599 .tcf_chain = choke_find_tcf, 600 .bind_tcf = choke_bind, 601 .unbind_tcf = choke_put, 602 .dump = choke_dump_class, 603 .walk = choke_walk, 604 }; 605 606 static struct sk_buff *choke_peek_head(struct Qdisc *sch) 607 { 608 struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch); 609 610 return (q->head != q->tail) ? q->tab[q->head] : NULL; 611 } 612 613 static struct Qdisc_ops choke_qdisc_ops __read_mostly = { 614 .id = "choke", 615 .priv_size = sizeof(struct choke_sched_data), 616 617 .enqueue = choke_enqueue, 618 .dequeue = choke_dequeue, 619 .peek = choke_peek_head, 620 .drop = choke_drop, 621 .init = choke_init, 622 .destroy = choke_destroy, 623 .reset = choke_reset, 624 .change = choke_change, 625 .dump = choke_dump, 626 .dump_stats = choke_dump_stats, 627 .owner = THIS_MODULE, 628 }; 629 630 static int __init choke_module_init(void) 631 { 632 return register_qdisc(&choke_qdisc_ops); 633 } 634 635 static void __exit choke_module_exit(void) 636 { 637 unregister_qdisc(&choke_qdisc_ops); 638 } 639 640 module_init(choke_module_init) 641 module_exit(choke_module_exit) 642 643 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); 644