1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 2 // Copyright(c) 2018 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. 3 4 #include <linux/mm.h> 5 #include <linux/init.h> 6 #include <linux/mmzone.h> 7 #include <linux/random.h> 8 #include <linux/moduleparam.h> 9 #include "internal.h" 10 #include "shuffle.h" 11 12 DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(page_alloc_shuffle_key); 13 static unsigned long shuffle_state __ro_after_init; 14 15 /* 16 * Depending on the architecture, module parameter parsing may run 17 * before, or after the cache detection. SHUFFLE_FORCE_DISABLE prevents, 18 * or reverts the enabling of the shuffle implementation. SHUFFLE_ENABLE 19 * attempts to turn on the implementation, but aborts if it finds 20 * SHUFFLE_FORCE_DISABLE already set. 21 */ 22 __meminit void page_alloc_shuffle(enum mm_shuffle_ctl ctl) 23 { 24 if (ctl == SHUFFLE_FORCE_DISABLE) 25 set_bit(SHUFFLE_FORCE_DISABLE, &shuffle_state); 26 27 if (test_bit(SHUFFLE_FORCE_DISABLE, &shuffle_state)) { 28 if (test_and_clear_bit(SHUFFLE_ENABLE, &shuffle_state)) 29 static_branch_disable(&page_alloc_shuffle_key); 30 } else if (ctl == SHUFFLE_ENABLE 31 && !test_and_set_bit(SHUFFLE_ENABLE, &shuffle_state)) 32 static_branch_enable(&page_alloc_shuffle_key); 33 } 34 35 static bool shuffle_param; 36 static int shuffle_show(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp) 37 { 38 return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", test_bit(SHUFFLE_ENABLE, &shuffle_state) 39 ? 'Y' : 'N'); 40 } 41 42 static __meminit int shuffle_store(const char *val, 43 const struct kernel_param *kp) 44 { 45 int rc = param_set_bool(val, kp); 46 47 if (rc < 0) 48 return rc; 49 if (shuffle_param) 50 page_alloc_shuffle(SHUFFLE_ENABLE); 51 else 52 page_alloc_shuffle(SHUFFLE_FORCE_DISABLE); 53 return 0; 54 } 55 module_param_call(shuffle, shuffle_store, shuffle_show, &shuffle_param, 0400); 56 57 /* 58 * For two pages to be swapped in the shuffle, they must be free (on a 59 * 'free_area' lru), have the same order, and have the same migratetype. 60 */ 61 static struct page * __meminit shuffle_valid_page(unsigned long pfn, int order) 62 { 63 struct page *page; 64 65 /* 66 * Given we're dealing with randomly selected pfns in a zone we 67 * need to ask questions like... 68 */ 69 70 /* ...is the pfn even in the memmap? */ 71 if (!pfn_valid_within(pfn)) 72 return NULL; 73 74 /* ...is the pfn in a present section or a hole? */ 75 if (!pfn_present(pfn)) 76 return NULL; 77 78 /* ...is the page free and currently on a free_area list? */ 79 page = pfn_to_page(pfn); 80 if (!PageBuddy(page)) 81 return NULL; 82 83 /* 84 * ...is the page on the same list as the page we will 85 * shuffle it with? 86 */ 87 if (page_order(page) != order) 88 return NULL; 89 90 return page; 91 } 92 93 /* 94 * Fisher-Yates shuffle the freelist which prescribes iterating through an 95 * array, pfns in this case, and randomly swapping each entry with another in 96 * the span, end_pfn - start_pfn. 97 * 98 * To keep the implementation simple it does not attempt to correct for sources 99 * of bias in the distribution, like modulo bias or pseudo-random number 100 * generator bias. I.e. the expectation is that this shuffling raises the bar 101 * for attacks that exploit the predictability of page allocations, but need not 102 * be a perfect shuffle. 103 */ 104 #define SHUFFLE_RETRY 10 105 void __meminit __shuffle_zone(struct zone *z) 106 { 107 unsigned long i, flags; 108 unsigned long start_pfn = z->zone_start_pfn; 109 unsigned long end_pfn = zone_end_pfn(z); 110 const int order = SHUFFLE_ORDER; 111 const int order_pages = 1 << order; 112 113 spin_lock_irqsave(&z->lock, flags); 114 start_pfn = ALIGN(start_pfn, order_pages); 115 for (i = start_pfn; i < end_pfn; i += order_pages) { 116 unsigned long j; 117 int migratetype, retry; 118 struct page *page_i, *page_j; 119 120 /* 121 * We expect page_i, in the sub-range of a zone being added 122 * (@start_pfn to @end_pfn), to more likely be valid compared to 123 * page_j randomly selected in the span @zone_start_pfn to 124 * @spanned_pages. 125 */ 126 page_i = shuffle_valid_page(i, order); 127 if (!page_i) 128 continue; 129 130 for (retry = 0; retry < SHUFFLE_RETRY; retry++) { 131 /* 132 * Pick a random order aligned page in the zone span as 133 * a swap target. If the selected pfn is a hole, retry 134 * up to SHUFFLE_RETRY attempts find a random valid pfn 135 * in the zone. 136 */ 137 j = z->zone_start_pfn + 138 ALIGN_DOWN(get_random_long() % z->spanned_pages, 139 order_pages); 140 page_j = shuffle_valid_page(j, order); 141 if (page_j && page_j != page_i) 142 break; 143 } 144 if (retry >= SHUFFLE_RETRY) { 145 pr_debug("%s: failed to swap %#lx\n", __func__, i); 146 continue; 147 } 148 149 /* 150 * Each migratetype corresponds to its own list, make sure the 151 * types match otherwise we're moving pages to lists where they 152 * do not belong. 153 */ 154 migratetype = get_pageblock_migratetype(page_i); 155 if (get_pageblock_migratetype(page_j) != migratetype) { 156 pr_debug("%s: migratetype mismatch %#lx\n", __func__, i); 157 continue; 158 } 159 160 list_swap(&page_i->lru, &page_j->lru); 161 162 pr_debug("%s: swap: %#lx -> %#lx\n", __func__, i, j); 163 164 /* take it easy on the zone lock */ 165 if ((i % (100 * order_pages)) == 0) { 166 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&z->lock, flags); 167 cond_resched(); 168 spin_lock_irqsave(&z->lock, flags); 169 } 170 } 171 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&z->lock, flags); 172 } 173 174 /** 175 * shuffle_free_memory - reduce the predictability of the page allocator 176 * @pgdat: node page data 177 */ 178 void __meminit __shuffle_free_memory(pg_data_t *pgdat) 179 { 180 struct zone *z; 181 182 for (z = pgdat->node_zones; z < pgdat->node_zones + MAX_NR_ZONES; z++) 183 shuffle_zone(z); 184 } 185 186 void add_to_free_area_random(struct page *page, struct free_area *area, 187 int migratetype) 188 { 189 static u64 rand; 190 static u8 rand_bits; 191 192 /* 193 * The lack of locking is deliberate. If 2 threads race to 194 * update the rand state it just adds to the entropy. 195 */ 196 if (rand_bits == 0) { 197 rand_bits = 64; 198 rand = get_random_u64(); 199 } 200 201 if (rand & 1) 202 add_to_free_area(page, area, migratetype); 203 else 204 add_to_free_area_tail(page, area, migratetype); 205 rand_bits--; 206 rand >>= 1; 207 } 208