xref: /openbmc/linux/kernel/time/ntp.c (revision 24b1944f)
1 /*
2  * NTP state machine interfaces and logic.
3  *
4  * This code was mainly moved from kernel/timer.c and kernel/time.c
5  * Please see those files for relevant copyright info and historical
6  * changelogs.
7  */
8 #include <linux/capability.h>
9 #include <linux/clocksource.h>
10 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
11 #include <linux/hrtimer.h>
12 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
13 #include <linux/math64.h>
14 #include <linux/timex.h>
15 #include <linux/time.h>
16 #include <linux/mm.h>
17 #include <linux/module.h>
18 #include <linux/rtc.h>
19 
20 #include "tick-internal.h"
21 #include "ntp_internal.h"
22 
23 /*
24  * NTP timekeeping variables:
25  *
26  * Note: All of the NTP state is protected by the timekeeping locks.
27  */
28 
29 
30 /* USER_HZ period (usecs): */
31 unsigned long			tick_usec = TICK_USEC;
32 
33 /* SHIFTED_HZ period (nsecs): */
34 unsigned long			tick_nsec;
35 
36 static u64			tick_length;
37 static u64			tick_length_base;
38 
39 #define MAX_TICKADJ		500LL		/* usecs */
40 #define MAX_TICKADJ_SCALED \
41 	(((MAX_TICKADJ * NSEC_PER_USEC) << NTP_SCALE_SHIFT) / NTP_INTERVAL_FREQ)
42 
43 /*
44  * phase-lock loop variables
45  */
46 
47 /*
48  * clock synchronization status
49  *
50  * (TIME_ERROR prevents overwriting the CMOS clock)
51  */
52 static int			time_state = TIME_OK;
53 
54 /* clock status bits:							*/
55 static int			time_status = STA_UNSYNC;
56 
57 /* time adjustment (nsecs):						*/
58 static s64			time_offset;
59 
60 /* pll time constant:							*/
61 static long			time_constant = 2;
62 
63 /* maximum error (usecs):						*/
64 static long			time_maxerror = NTP_PHASE_LIMIT;
65 
66 /* estimated error (usecs):						*/
67 static long			time_esterror = NTP_PHASE_LIMIT;
68 
69 /* frequency offset (scaled nsecs/secs):				*/
70 static s64			time_freq;
71 
72 /* time at last adjustment (secs):					*/
73 static long			time_reftime;
74 
75 static long			time_adjust;
76 
77 /* constant (boot-param configurable) NTP tick adjustment (upscaled)	*/
78 static s64			ntp_tick_adj;
79 
80 #ifdef CONFIG_NTP_PPS
81 
82 /*
83  * The following variables are used when a pulse-per-second (PPS) signal
84  * is available. They establish the engineering parameters of the clock
85  * discipline loop when controlled by the PPS signal.
86  */
87 #define PPS_VALID	10	/* PPS signal watchdog max (s) */
88 #define PPS_POPCORN	4	/* popcorn spike threshold (shift) */
89 #define PPS_INTMIN	2	/* min freq interval (s) (shift) */
90 #define PPS_INTMAX	8	/* max freq interval (s) (shift) */
91 #define PPS_INTCOUNT	4	/* number of consecutive good intervals to
92 				   increase pps_shift or consecutive bad
93 				   intervals to decrease it */
94 #define PPS_MAXWANDER	100000	/* max PPS freq wander (ns/s) */
95 
96 static int pps_valid;		/* signal watchdog counter */
97 static long pps_tf[3];		/* phase median filter */
98 static long pps_jitter;		/* current jitter (ns) */
99 static struct timespec pps_fbase; /* beginning of the last freq interval */
100 static int pps_shift;		/* current interval duration (s) (shift) */
101 static int pps_intcnt;		/* interval counter */
102 static s64 pps_freq;		/* frequency offset (scaled ns/s) */
103 static long pps_stabil;		/* current stability (scaled ns/s) */
104 
105 /*
106  * PPS signal quality monitors
107  */
108 static long pps_calcnt;		/* calibration intervals */
109 static long pps_jitcnt;		/* jitter limit exceeded */
110 static long pps_stbcnt;		/* stability limit exceeded */
111 static long pps_errcnt;		/* calibration errors */
112 
113 
114 /* PPS kernel consumer compensates the whole phase error immediately.
115  * Otherwise, reduce the offset by a fixed factor times the time constant.
116  */
117 static inline s64 ntp_offset_chunk(s64 offset)
118 {
119 	if (time_status & STA_PPSTIME && time_status & STA_PPSSIGNAL)
120 		return offset;
121 	else
122 		return shift_right(offset, SHIFT_PLL + time_constant);
123 }
124 
125 static inline void pps_reset_freq_interval(void)
126 {
127 	/* the PPS calibration interval may end
128 	   surprisingly early */
129 	pps_shift = PPS_INTMIN;
130 	pps_intcnt = 0;
131 }
132 
133 /**
134  * pps_clear - Clears the PPS state variables
135  */
136 static inline void pps_clear(void)
137 {
138 	pps_reset_freq_interval();
139 	pps_tf[0] = 0;
140 	pps_tf[1] = 0;
141 	pps_tf[2] = 0;
142 	pps_fbase.tv_sec = pps_fbase.tv_nsec = 0;
143 	pps_freq = 0;
144 }
145 
146 /* Decrease pps_valid to indicate that another second has passed since
147  * the last PPS signal. When it reaches 0, indicate that PPS signal is
148  * missing.
149  */
150 static inline void pps_dec_valid(void)
151 {
152 	if (pps_valid > 0)
153 		pps_valid--;
154 	else {
155 		time_status &= ~(STA_PPSSIGNAL | STA_PPSJITTER |
156 				 STA_PPSWANDER | STA_PPSERROR);
157 		pps_clear();
158 	}
159 }
160 
161 static inline void pps_set_freq(s64 freq)
162 {
163 	pps_freq = freq;
164 }
165 
166 static inline int is_error_status(int status)
167 {
168 	return (time_status & (STA_UNSYNC|STA_CLOCKERR))
169 		/* PPS signal lost when either PPS time or
170 		 * PPS frequency synchronization requested
171 		 */
172 		|| ((time_status & (STA_PPSFREQ|STA_PPSTIME))
173 			&& !(time_status & STA_PPSSIGNAL))
174 		/* PPS jitter exceeded when
175 		 * PPS time synchronization requested */
176 		|| ((time_status & (STA_PPSTIME|STA_PPSJITTER))
177 			== (STA_PPSTIME|STA_PPSJITTER))
178 		/* PPS wander exceeded or calibration error when
179 		 * PPS frequency synchronization requested
180 		 */
181 		|| ((time_status & STA_PPSFREQ)
182 			&& (time_status & (STA_PPSWANDER|STA_PPSERROR)));
183 }
184 
185 static inline void pps_fill_timex(struct timex *txc)
186 {
187 	txc->ppsfreq	   = shift_right((pps_freq >> PPM_SCALE_INV_SHIFT) *
188 					 PPM_SCALE_INV, NTP_SCALE_SHIFT);
189 	txc->jitter	   = pps_jitter;
190 	if (!(time_status & STA_NANO))
191 		txc->jitter /= NSEC_PER_USEC;
192 	txc->shift	   = pps_shift;
193 	txc->stabil	   = pps_stabil;
194 	txc->jitcnt	   = pps_jitcnt;
195 	txc->calcnt	   = pps_calcnt;
196 	txc->errcnt	   = pps_errcnt;
197 	txc->stbcnt	   = pps_stbcnt;
198 }
199 
200 #else /* !CONFIG_NTP_PPS */
201 
202 static inline s64 ntp_offset_chunk(s64 offset)
203 {
204 	return shift_right(offset, SHIFT_PLL + time_constant);
205 }
206 
207 static inline void pps_reset_freq_interval(void) {}
208 static inline void pps_clear(void) {}
209 static inline void pps_dec_valid(void) {}
210 static inline void pps_set_freq(s64 freq) {}
211 
212 static inline int is_error_status(int status)
213 {
214 	return status & (STA_UNSYNC|STA_CLOCKERR);
215 }
216 
217 static inline void pps_fill_timex(struct timex *txc)
218 {
219 	/* PPS is not implemented, so these are zero */
220 	txc->ppsfreq	   = 0;
221 	txc->jitter	   = 0;
222 	txc->shift	   = 0;
223 	txc->stabil	   = 0;
224 	txc->jitcnt	   = 0;
225 	txc->calcnt	   = 0;
226 	txc->errcnt	   = 0;
227 	txc->stbcnt	   = 0;
228 }
229 
230 #endif /* CONFIG_NTP_PPS */
231 
232 
233 /**
234  * ntp_synced - Returns 1 if the NTP status is not UNSYNC
235  *
236  */
237 static inline int ntp_synced(void)
238 {
239 	return !(time_status & STA_UNSYNC);
240 }
241 
242 
243 /*
244  * NTP methods:
245  */
246 
247 /*
248  * Update (tick_length, tick_length_base, tick_nsec), based
249  * on (tick_usec, ntp_tick_adj, time_freq):
250  */
251 static void ntp_update_frequency(void)
252 {
253 	u64 second_length;
254 	u64 new_base;
255 
256 	second_length		 = (u64)(tick_usec * NSEC_PER_USEC * USER_HZ)
257 						<< NTP_SCALE_SHIFT;
258 
259 	second_length		+= ntp_tick_adj;
260 	second_length		+= time_freq;
261 
262 	tick_nsec		 = div_u64(second_length, HZ) >> NTP_SCALE_SHIFT;
263 	new_base		 = div_u64(second_length, NTP_INTERVAL_FREQ);
264 
265 	/*
266 	 * Don't wait for the next second_overflow, apply
267 	 * the change to the tick length immediately:
268 	 */
269 	tick_length		+= new_base - tick_length_base;
270 	tick_length_base	 = new_base;
271 }
272 
273 static inline s64 ntp_update_offset_fll(s64 offset64, long secs)
274 {
275 	time_status &= ~STA_MODE;
276 
277 	if (secs < MINSEC)
278 		return 0;
279 
280 	if (!(time_status & STA_FLL) && (secs <= MAXSEC))
281 		return 0;
282 
283 	time_status |= STA_MODE;
284 
285 	return div64_long(offset64 << (NTP_SCALE_SHIFT - SHIFT_FLL), secs);
286 }
287 
288 static void ntp_update_offset(long offset)
289 {
290 	s64 freq_adj;
291 	s64 offset64;
292 	long secs;
293 
294 	if (!(time_status & STA_PLL))
295 		return;
296 
297 	if (!(time_status & STA_NANO))
298 		offset *= NSEC_PER_USEC;
299 
300 	/*
301 	 * Scale the phase adjustment and
302 	 * clamp to the operating range.
303 	 */
304 	offset = min(offset, MAXPHASE);
305 	offset = max(offset, -MAXPHASE);
306 
307 	/*
308 	 * Select how the frequency is to be controlled
309 	 * and in which mode (PLL or FLL).
310 	 */
311 	secs = get_seconds() - time_reftime;
312 	if (unlikely(time_status & STA_FREQHOLD))
313 		secs = 0;
314 
315 	time_reftime = get_seconds();
316 
317 	offset64    = offset;
318 	freq_adj    = ntp_update_offset_fll(offset64, secs);
319 
320 	/*
321 	 * Clamp update interval to reduce PLL gain with low
322 	 * sampling rate (e.g. intermittent network connection)
323 	 * to avoid instability.
324 	 */
325 	if (unlikely(secs > 1 << (SHIFT_PLL + 1 + time_constant)))
326 		secs = 1 << (SHIFT_PLL + 1 + time_constant);
327 
328 	freq_adj    += (offset64 * secs) <<
329 			(NTP_SCALE_SHIFT - 2 * (SHIFT_PLL + 2 + time_constant));
330 
331 	freq_adj    = min(freq_adj + time_freq, MAXFREQ_SCALED);
332 
333 	time_freq   = max(freq_adj, -MAXFREQ_SCALED);
334 
335 	time_offset = div_s64(offset64 << NTP_SCALE_SHIFT, NTP_INTERVAL_FREQ);
336 }
337 
338 /**
339  * ntp_clear - Clears the NTP state variables
340  */
341 void ntp_clear(void)
342 {
343 	time_adjust	= 0;		/* stop active adjtime() */
344 	time_status	|= STA_UNSYNC;
345 	time_maxerror	= NTP_PHASE_LIMIT;
346 	time_esterror	= NTP_PHASE_LIMIT;
347 
348 	ntp_update_frequency();
349 
350 	tick_length	= tick_length_base;
351 	time_offset	= 0;
352 
353 	/* Clear PPS state variables */
354 	pps_clear();
355 }
356 
357 
358 u64 ntp_tick_length(void)
359 {
360 	return tick_length;
361 }
362 
363 
364 /*
365  * this routine handles the overflow of the microsecond field
366  *
367  * The tricky bits of code to handle the accurate clock support
368  * were provided by Dave Mills (Mills@UDEL.EDU) of NTP fame.
369  * They were originally developed for SUN and DEC kernels.
370  * All the kudos should go to Dave for this stuff.
371  *
372  * Also handles leap second processing, and returns leap offset
373  */
374 int second_overflow(unsigned long secs)
375 {
376 	s64 delta;
377 	int leap = 0;
378 
379 	/*
380 	 * Leap second processing. If in leap-insert state at the end of the
381 	 * day, the system clock is set back one second; if in leap-delete
382 	 * state, the system clock is set ahead one second.
383 	 */
384 	switch (time_state) {
385 	case TIME_OK:
386 		if (time_status & STA_INS)
387 			time_state = TIME_INS;
388 		else if (time_status & STA_DEL)
389 			time_state = TIME_DEL;
390 		break;
391 	case TIME_INS:
392 		if (!(time_status & STA_INS))
393 			time_state = TIME_OK;
394 		else if (secs % 86400 == 0) {
395 			leap = -1;
396 			time_state = TIME_OOP;
397 			printk(KERN_NOTICE
398 				"Clock: inserting leap second 23:59:60 UTC\n");
399 		}
400 		break;
401 	case TIME_DEL:
402 		if (!(time_status & STA_DEL))
403 			time_state = TIME_OK;
404 		else if ((secs + 1) % 86400 == 0) {
405 			leap = 1;
406 			time_state = TIME_WAIT;
407 			printk(KERN_NOTICE
408 				"Clock: deleting leap second 23:59:59 UTC\n");
409 		}
410 		break;
411 	case TIME_OOP:
412 		time_state = TIME_WAIT;
413 		break;
414 
415 	case TIME_WAIT:
416 		if (!(time_status & (STA_INS | STA_DEL)))
417 			time_state = TIME_OK;
418 		break;
419 	}
420 
421 
422 	/* Bump the maxerror field */
423 	time_maxerror += MAXFREQ / NSEC_PER_USEC;
424 	if (time_maxerror > NTP_PHASE_LIMIT) {
425 		time_maxerror = NTP_PHASE_LIMIT;
426 		time_status |= STA_UNSYNC;
427 	}
428 
429 	/* Compute the phase adjustment for the next second */
430 	tick_length	 = tick_length_base;
431 
432 	delta		 = ntp_offset_chunk(time_offset);
433 	time_offset	-= delta;
434 	tick_length	+= delta;
435 
436 	/* Check PPS signal */
437 	pps_dec_valid();
438 
439 	if (!time_adjust)
440 		goto out;
441 
442 	if (time_adjust > MAX_TICKADJ) {
443 		time_adjust -= MAX_TICKADJ;
444 		tick_length += MAX_TICKADJ_SCALED;
445 		goto out;
446 	}
447 
448 	if (time_adjust < -MAX_TICKADJ) {
449 		time_adjust += MAX_TICKADJ;
450 		tick_length -= MAX_TICKADJ_SCALED;
451 		goto out;
452 	}
453 
454 	tick_length += (s64)(time_adjust * NSEC_PER_USEC / NTP_INTERVAL_FREQ)
455 							 << NTP_SCALE_SHIFT;
456 	time_adjust = 0;
457 
458 out:
459 	return leap;
460 }
461 
462 #if defined(CONFIG_GENERIC_CMOS_UPDATE) || defined(CONFIG_RTC_SYSTOHC)
463 static void sync_cmos_clock(struct work_struct *work);
464 
465 static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(sync_cmos_work, sync_cmos_clock);
466 
467 static void sync_cmos_clock(struct work_struct *work)
468 {
469 	struct timespec now, next;
470 	int fail = 1;
471 
472 	/*
473 	 * If we have an externally synchronized Linux clock, then update
474 	 * CMOS clock accordingly every ~11 minutes. Set_rtc_mmss() has to be
475 	 * called as close as possible to 500 ms before the new second starts.
476 	 * This code is run on a timer.  If the clock is set, that timer
477 	 * may not expire at the correct time.  Thus, we adjust...
478 	 */
479 	if (!ntp_synced()) {
480 		/*
481 		 * Not synced, exit, do not restart a timer (if one is
482 		 * running, let it run out).
483 		 */
484 		return;
485 	}
486 
487 	getnstimeofday(&now);
488 	if (abs(now.tv_nsec - (NSEC_PER_SEC / 2)) <= tick_nsec / 2) {
489 		struct timespec adjust = now;
490 
491 		fail = -ENODEV;
492 		if (persistent_clock_is_local)
493 			adjust.tv_sec -= (sys_tz.tz_minuteswest * 60);
494 #ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_CMOS_UPDATE
495 		fail = update_persistent_clock(adjust);
496 #endif
497 #ifdef CONFIG_RTC_SYSTOHC
498 		if (fail == -ENODEV)
499 			fail = rtc_set_ntp_time(adjust);
500 #endif
501 	}
502 
503 	next.tv_nsec = (NSEC_PER_SEC / 2) - now.tv_nsec - (TICK_NSEC / 2);
504 	if (next.tv_nsec <= 0)
505 		next.tv_nsec += NSEC_PER_SEC;
506 
507 	if (!fail || fail == -ENODEV)
508 		next.tv_sec = 659;
509 	else
510 		next.tv_sec = 0;
511 
512 	if (next.tv_nsec >= NSEC_PER_SEC) {
513 		next.tv_sec++;
514 		next.tv_nsec -= NSEC_PER_SEC;
515 	}
516 	schedule_delayed_work(&sync_cmos_work, timespec_to_jiffies(&next));
517 }
518 
519 static void notify_cmos_timer(void)
520 {
521 	schedule_delayed_work(&sync_cmos_work, 0);
522 }
523 
524 #else
525 static inline void notify_cmos_timer(void) { }
526 #endif
527 
528 
529 /*
530  * Propagate a new txc->status value into the NTP state:
531  */
532 static inline void process_adj_status(struct timex *txc, struct timespec *ts)
533 {
534 	if ((time_status & STA_PLL) && !(txc->status & STA_PLL)) {
535 		time_state = TIME_OK;
536 		time_status = STA_UNSYNC;
537 		/* restart PPS frequency calibration */
538 		pps_reset_freq_interval();
539 	}
540 
541 	/*
542 	 * If we turn on PLL adjustments then reset the
543 	 * reference time to current time.
544 	 */
545 	if (!(time_status & STA_PLL) && (txc->status & STA_PLL))
546 		time_reftime = get_seconds();
547 
548 	/* only set allowed bits */
549 	time_status &= STA_RONLY;
550 	time_status |= txc->status & ~STA_RONLY;
551 }
552 
553 
554 static inline void process_adjtimex_modes(struct timex *txc,
555 						struct timespec *ts,
556 						s32 *time_tai)
557 {
558 	if (txc->modes & ADJ_STATUS)
559 		process_adj_status(txc, ts);
560 
561 	if (txc->modes & ADJ_NANO)
562 		time_status |= STA_NANO;
563 
564 	if (txc->modes & ADJ_MICRO)
565 		time_status &= ~STA_NANO;
566 
567 	if (txc->modes & ADJ_FREQUENCY) {
568 		time_freq = txc->freq * PPM_SCALE;
569 		time_freq = min(time_freq, MAXFREQ_SCALED);
570 		time_freq = max(time_freq, -MAXFREQ_SCALED);
571 		/* update pps_freq */
572 		pps_set_freq(time_freq);
573 	}
574 
575 	if (txc->modes & ADJ_MAXERROR)
576 		time_maxerror = txc->maxerror;
577 
578 	if (txc->modes & ADJ_ESTERROR)
579 		time_esterror = txc->esterror;
580 
581 	if (txc->modes & ADJ_TIMECONST) {
582 		time_constant = txc->constant;
583 		if (!(time_status & STA_NANO))
584 			time_constant += 4;
585 		time_constant = min(time_constant, (long)MAXTC);
586 		time_constant = max(time_constant, 0l);
587 	}
588 
589 	if (txc->modes & ADJ_TAI && txc->constant > 0)
590 		*time_tai = txc->constant;
591 
592 	if (txc->modes & ADJ_OFFSET)
593 		ntp_update_offset(txc->offset);
594 
595 	if (txc->modes & ADJ_TICK)
596 		tick_usec = txc->tick;
597 
598 	if (txc->modes & (ADJ_TICK|ADJ_FREQUENCY|ADJ_OFFSET))
599 		ntp_update_frequency();
600 }
601 
602 
603 
604 /**
605  * ntp_validate_timex - Ensures the timex is ok for use in do_adjtimex
606  */
607 int ntp_validate_timex(struct timex *txc)
608 {
609 	if (txc->modes & ADJ_ADJTIME) {
610 		/* singleshot must not be used with any other mode bits */
611 		if (!(txc->modes & ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT))
612 			return -EINVAL;
613 		if (!(txc->modes & ADJ_OFFSET_READONLY) &&
614 		    !capable(CAP_SYS_TIME))
615 			return -EPERM;
616 	} else {
617 		/* In order to modify anything, you gotta be super-user! */
618 		 if (txc->modes && !capable(CAP_SYS_TIME))
619 			return -EPERM;
620 		/*
621 		 * if the quartz is off by more than 10% then
622 		 * something is VERY wrong!
623 		 */
624 		if (txc->modes & ADJ_TICK &&
625 		    (txc->tick <  900000/USER_HZ ||
626 		     txc->tick > 1100000/USER_HZ))
627 			return -EINVAL;
628 	}
629 
630 	if ((txc->modes & ADJ_SETOFFSET) && (!capable(CAP_SYS_TIME)))
631 		return -EPERM;
632 
633 	return 0;
634 }
635 
636 
637 /*
638  * adjtimex mainly allows reading (and writing, if superuser) of
639  * kernel time-keeping variables. used by xntpd.
640  */
641 int __do_adjtimex(struct timex *txc, struct timespec *ts, s32 *time_tai)
642 {
643 	int result;
644 
645 	if (txc->modes & ADJ_ADJTIME) {
646 		long save_adjust = time_adjust;
647 
648 		if (!(txc->modes & ADJ_OFFSET_READONLY)) {
649 			/* adjtime() is independent from ntp_adjtime() */
650 			time_adjust = txc->offset;
651 			ntp_update_frequency();
652 		}
653 		txc->offset = save_adjust;
654 	} else {
655 
656 		/* If there are input parameters, then process them: */
657 		if (txc->modes)
658 			process_adjtimex_modes(txc, ts, time_tai);
659 
660 		txc->offset = shift_right(time_offset * NTP_INTERVAL_FREQ,
661 				  NTP_SCALE_SHIFT);
662 		if (!(time_status & STA_NANO))
663 			txc->offset /= NSEC_PER_USEC;
664 	}
665 
666 	result = time_state;	/* mostly `TIME_OK' */
667 	/* check for errors */
668 	if (is_error_status(time_status))
669 		result = TIME_ERROR;
670 
671 	txc->freq	   = shift_right((time_freq >> PPM_SCALE_INV_SHIFT) *
672 					 PPM_SCALE_INV, NTP_SCALE_SHIFT);
673 	txc->maxerror	   = time_maxerror;
674 	txc->esterror	   = time_esterror;
675 	txc->status	   = time_status;
676 	txc->constant	   = time_constant;
677 	txc->precision	   = 1;
678 	txc->tolerance	   = MAXFREQ_SCALED / PPM_SCALE;
679 	txc->tick	   = tick_usec;
680 	txc->tai	   = *time_tai;
681 
682 	/* fill PPS status fields */
683 	pps_fill_timex(txc);
684 
685 	txc->time.tv_sec = ts->tv_sec;
686 	txc->time.tv_usec = ts->tv_nsec;
687 	if (!(time_status & STA_NANO))
688 		txc->time.tv_usec /= NSEC_PER_USEC;
689 
690 	notify_cmos_timer();
691 
692 	return result;
693 }
694 
695 #ifdef	CONFIG_NTP_PPS
696 
697 /* actually struct pps_normtime is good old struct timespec, but it is
698  * semantically different (and it is the reason why it was invented):
699  * pps_normtime.nsec has a range of ( -NSEC_PER_SEC / 2, NSEC_PER_SEC / 2 ]
700  * while timespec.tv_nsec has a range of [0, NSEC_PER_SEC) */
701 struct pps_normtime {
702 	__kernel_time_t	sec;	/* seconds */
703 	long		nsec;	/* nanoseconds */
704 };
705 
706 /* normalize the timestamp so that nsec is in the
707    ( -NSEC_PER_SEC / 2, NSEC_PER_SEC / 2 ] interval */
708 static inline struct pps_normtime pps_normalize_ts(struct timespec ts)
709 {
710 	struct pps_normtime norm = {
711 		.sec = ts.tv_sec,
712 		.nsec = ts.tv_nsec
713 	};
714 
715 	if (norm.nsec > (NSEC_PER_SEC >> 1)) {
716 		norm.nsec -= NSEC_PER_SEC;
717 		norm.sec++;
718 	}
719 
720 	return norm;
721 }
722 
723 /* get current phase correction and jitter */
724 static inline long pps_phase_filter_get(long *jitter)
725 {
726 	*jitter = pps_tf[0] - pps_tf[1];
727 	if (*jitter < 0)
728 		*jitter = -*jitter;
729 
730 	/* TODO: test various filters */
731 	return pps_tf[0];
732 }
733 
734 /* add the sample to the phase filter */
735 static inline void pps_phase_filter_add(long err)
736 {
737 	pps_tf[2] = pps_tf[1];
738 	pps_tf[1] = pps_tf[0];
739 	pps_tf[0] = err;
740 }
741 
742 /* decrease frequency calibration interval length.
743  * It is halved after four consecutive unstable intervals.
744  */
745 static inline void pps_dec_freq_interval(void)
746 {
747 	if (--pps_intcnt <= -PPS_INTCOUNT) {
748 		pps_intcnt = -PPS_INTCOUNT;
749 		if (pps_shift > PPS_INTMIN) {
750 			pps_shift--;
751 			pps_intcnt = 0;
752 		}
753 	}
754 }
755 
756 /* increase frequency calibration interval length.
757  * It is doubled after four consecutive stable intervals.
758  */
759 static inline void pps_inc_freq_interval(void)
760 {
761 	if (++pps_intcnt >= PPS_INTCOUNT) {
762 		pps_intcnt = PPS_INTCOUNT;
763 		if (pps_shift < PPS_INTMAX) {
764 			pps_shift++;
765 			pps_intcnt = 0;
766 		}
767 	}
768 }
769 
770 /* update clock frequency based on MONOTONIC_RAW clock PPS signal
771  * timestamps
772  *
773  * At the end of the calibration interval the difference between the
774  * first and last MONOTONIC_RAW clock timestamps divided by the length
775  * of the interval becomes the frequency update. If the interval was
776  * too long, the data are discarded.
777  * Returns the difference between old and new frequency values.
778  */
779 static long hardpps_update_freq(struct pps_normtime freq_norm)
780 {
781 	long delta, delta_mod;
782 	s64 ftemp;
783 
784 	/* check if the frequency interval was too long */
785 	if (freq_norm.sec > (2 << pps_shift)) {
786 		time_status |= STA_PPSERROR;
787 		pps_errcnt++;
788 		pps_dec_freq_interval();
789 		pr_err("hardpps: PPSERROR: interval too long - %ld s\n",
790 				freq_norm.sec);
791 		return 0;
792 	}
793 
794 	/* here the raw frequency offset and wander (stability) is
795 	 * calculated. If the wander is less than the wander threshold
796 	 * the interval is increased; otherwise it is decreased.
797 	 */
798 	ftemp = div_s64(((s64)(-freq_norm.nsec)) << NTP_SCALE_SHIFT,
799 			freq_norm.sec);
800 	delta = shift_right(ftemp - pps_freq, NTP_SCALE_SHIFT);
801 	pps_freq = ftemp;
802 	if (delta > PPS_MAXWANDER || delta < -PPS_MAXWANDER) {
803 		pr_warning("hardpps: PPSWANDER: change=%ld\n", delta);
804 		time_status |= STA_PPSWANDER;
805 		pps_stbcnt++;
806 		pps_dec_freq_interval();
807 	} else {	/* good sample */
808 		pps_inc_freq_interval();
809 	}
810 
811 	/* the stability metric is calculated as the average of recent
812 	 * frequency changes, but is used only for performance
813 	 * monitoring
814 	 */
815 	delta_mod = delta;
816 	if (delta_mod < 0)
817 		delta_mod = -delta_mod;
818 	pps_stabil += (div_s64(((s64)delta_mod) <<
819 				(NTP_SCALE_SHIFT - SHIFT_USEC),
820 				NSEC_PER_USEC) - pps_stabil) >> PPS_INTMIN;
821 
822 	/* if enabled, the system clock frequency is updated */
823 	if ((time_status & STA_PPSFREQ) != 0 &&
824 	    (time_status & STA_FREQHOLD) == 0) {
825 		time_freq = pps_freq;
826 		ntp_update_frequency();
827 	}
828 
829 	return delta;
830 }
831 
832 /* correct REALTIME clock phase error against PPS signal */
833 static void hardpps_update_phase(long error)
834 {
835 	long correction = -error;
836 	long jitter;
837 
838 	/* add the sample to the median filter */
839 	pps_phase_filter_add(correction);
840 	correction = pps_phase_filter_get(&jitter);
841 
842 	/* Nominal jitter is due to PPS signal noise. If it exceeds the
843 	 * threshold, the sample is discarded; otherwise, if so enabled,
844 	 * the time offset is updated.
845 	 */
846 	if (jitter > (pps_jitter << PPS_POPCORN)) {
847 		pr_warning("hardpps: PPSJITTER: jitter=%ld, limit=%ld\n",
848 		       jitter, (pps_jitter << PPS_POPCORN));
849 		time_status |= STA_PPSJITTER;
850 		pps_jitcnt++;
851 	} else if (time_status & STA_PPSTIME) {
852 		/* correct the time using the phase offset */
853 		time_offset = div_s64(((s64)correction) << NTP_SCALE_SHIFT,
854 				NTP_INTERVAL_FREQ);
855 		/* cancel running adjtime() */
856 		time_adjust = 0;
857 	}
858 	/* update jitter */
859 	pps_jitter += (jitter - pps_jitter) >> PPS_INTMIN;
860 }
861 
862 /*
863  * __hardpps() - discipline CPU clock oscillator to external PPS signal
864  *
865  * This routine is called at each PPS signal arrival in order to
866  * discipline the CPU clock oscillator to the PPS signal. It takes two
867  * parameters: REALTIME and MONOTONIC_RAW clock timestamps. The former
868  * is used to correct clock phase error and the latter is used to
869  * correct the frequency.
870  *
871  * This code is based on David Mills's reference nanokernel
872  * implementation. It was mostly rewritten but keeps the same idea.
873  */
874 void __hardpps(const struct timespec *phase_ts, const struct timespec *raw_ts)
875 {
876 	struct pps_normtime pts_norm, freq_norm;
877 
878 	pts_norm = pps_normalize_ts(*phase_ts);
879 
880 	/* clear the error bits, they will be set again if needed */
881 	time_status &= ~(STA_PPSJITTER | STA_PPSWANDER | STA_PPSERROR);
882 
883 	/* indicate signal presence */
884 	time_status |= STA_PPSSIGNAL;
885 	pps_valid = PPS_VALID;
886 
887 	/* when called for the first time,
888 	 * just start the frequency interval */
889 	if (unlikely(pps_fbase.tv_sec == 0)) {
890 		pps_fbase = *raw_ts;
891 		return;
892 	}
893 
894 	/* ok, now we have a base for frequency calculation */
895 	freq_norm = pps_normalize_ts(timespec_sub(*raw_ts, pps_fbase));
896 
897 	/* check that the signal is in the range
898 	 * [1s - MAXFREQ us, 1s + MAXFREQ us], otherwise reject it */
899 	if ((freq_norm.sec == 0) ||
900 			(freq_norm.nsec > MAXFREQ * freq_norm.sec) ||
901 			(freq_norm.nsec < -MAXFREQ * freq_norm.sec)) {
902 		time_status |= STA_PPSJITTER;
903 		/* restart the frequency calibration interval */
904 		pps_fbase = *raw_ts;
905 		pr_err("hardpps: PPSJITTER: bad pulse\n");
906 		return;
907 	}
908 
909 	/* signal is ok */
910 
911 	/* check if the current frequency interval is finished */
912 	if (freq_norm.sec >= (1 << pps_shift)) {
913 		pps_calcnt++;
914 		/* restart the frequency calibration interval */
915 		pps_fbase = *raw_ts;
916 		hardpps_update_freq(freq_norm);
917 	}
918 
919 	hardpps_update_phase(pts_norm.nsec);
920 
921 }
922 #endif	/* CONFIG_NTP_PPS */
923 
924 static int __init ntp_tick_adj_setup(char *str)
925 {
926 	ntp_tick_adj = simple_strtol(str, NULL, 0);
927 	ntp_tick_adj <<= NTP_SCALE_SHIFT;
928 
929 	return 1;
930 }
931 
932 __setup("ntp_tick_adj=", ntp_tick_adj_setup);
933 
934 void __init ntp_init(void)
935 {
936 	ntp_clear();
937 }
938