1 /*
2  * CPUFreq governor based on scheduler-provided CPU utilization data.
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2016, Intel Corporation
5  * Author: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
6  *
7  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
9  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10  */
11 
12 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
13 
14 #include <linux/cpufreq.h>
15 #include <linux/module.h>
16 #include <linux/slab.h>
17 #include <trace/events/power.h>
18 
19 #include "sched.h"
20 
21 struct sugov_tunables {
22 	struct gov_attr_set attr_set;
23 	unsigned int rate_limit_us;
24 };
25 
26 struct sugov_policy {
27 	struct cpufreq_policy *policy;
28 
29 	struct sugov_tunables *tunables;
30 	struct list_head tunables_hook;
31 
32 	raw_spinlock_t update_lock;  /* For shared policies */
33 	u64 last_freq_update_time;
34 	s64 freq_update_delay_ns;
35 	unsigned int next_freq;
36 
37 	/* The next fields are only needed if fast switch cannot be used. */
38 	struct irq_work irq_work;
39 	struct work_struct work;
40 	struct mutex work_lock;
41 	bool work_in_progress;
42 
43 	bool need_freq_update;
44 };
45 
46 struct sugov_cpu {
47 	struct update_util_data update_util;
48 	struct sugov_policy *sg_policy;
49 
50 	/* The fields below are only needed when sharing a policy. */
51 	unsigned long util;
52 	unsigned long max;
53 	u64 last_update;
54 };
55 
56 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sugov_cpu, sugov_cpu);
57 
58 /************************ Governor internals ***********************/
59 
60 static bool sugov_should_update_freq(struct sugov_policy *sg_policy, u64 time)
61 {
62 	s64 delta_ns;
63 
64 	if (sg_policy->work_in_progress)
65 		return false;
66 
67 	if (unlikely(sg_policy->need_freq_update)) {
68 		sg_policy->need_freq_update = false;
69 		/*
70 		 * This happens when limits change, so forget the previous
71 		 * next_freq value and force an update.
72 		 */
73 		sg_policy->next_freq = UINT_MAX;
74 		return true;
75 	}
76 
77 	delta_ns = time - sg_policy->last_freq_update_time;
78 	return delta_ns >= sg_policy->freq_update_delay_ns;
79 }
80 
81 static void sugov_update_commit(struct sugov_policy *sg_policy, u64 time,
82 				unsigned int next_freq)
83 {
84 	struct cpufreq_policy *policy = sg_policy->policy;
85 
86 	sg_policy->last_freq_update_time = time;
87 
88 	if (policy->fast_switch_enabled) {
89 		if (sg_policy->next_freq == next_freq) {
90 			trace_cpu_frequency(policy->cur, smp_processor_id());
91 			return;
92 		}
93 		sg_policy->next_freq = next_freq;
94 		next_freq = cpufreq_driver_fast_switch(policy, next_freq);
95 		if (next_freq == CPUFREQ_ENTRY_INVALID)
96 			return;
97 
98 		policy->cur = next_freq;
99 		trace_cpu_frequency(next_freq, smp_processor_id());
100 	} else if (sg_policy->next_freq != next_freq) {
101 		sg_policy->next_freq = next_freq;
102 		sg_policy->work_in_progress = true;
103 		irq_work_queue(&sg_policy->irq_work);
104 	}
105 }
106 
107 /**
108  * get_next_freq - Compute a new frequency for a given cpufreq policy.
109  * @policy: cpufreq policy object to compute the new frequency for.
110  * @util: Current CPU utilization.
111  * @max: CPU capacity.
112  *
113  * If the utilization is frequency-invariant, choose the new frequency to be
114  * proportional to it, that is
115  *
116  * next_freq = C * max_freq * util / max
117  *
118  * Otherwise, approximate the would-be frequency-invariant utilization by
119  * util_raw * (curr_freq / max_freq) which leads to
120  *
121  * next_freq = C * curr_freq * util_raw / max
122  *
123  * Take C = 1.25 for the frequency tipping point at (util / max) = 0.8.
124  */
125 static unsigned int get_next_freq(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
126 				  unsigned long util, unsigned long max)
127 {
128 	unsigned int freq = arch_scale_freq_invariant() ?
129 				policy->cpuinfo.max_freq : policy->cur;
130 
131 	return (freq + (freq >> 2)) * util / max;
132 }
133 
134 static void sugov_update_single(struct update_util_data *hook, u64 time,
135 				unsigned long util, unsigned long max)
136 {
137 	struct sugov_cpu *sg_cpu = container_of(hook, struct sugov_cpu, update_util);
138 	struct sugov_policy *sg_policy = sg_cpu->sg_policy;
139 	struct cpufreq_policy *policy = sg_policy->policy;
140 	unsigned int next_f;
141 
142 	if (!sugov_should_update_freq(sg_policy, time))
143 		return;
144 
145 	next_f = util == ULONG_MAX ? policy->cpuinfo.max_freq :
146 			get_next_freq(policy, util, max);
147 	sugov_update_commit(sg_policy, time, next_f);
148 }
149 
150 static unsigned int sugov_next_freq_shared(struct sugov_policy *sg_policy,
151 					   unsigned long util, unsigned long max)
152 {
153 	struct cpufreq_policy *policy = sg_policy->policy;
154 	unsigned int max_f = policy->cpuinfo.max_freq;
155 	u64 last_freq_update_time = sg_policy->last_freq_update_time;
156 	unsigned int j;
157 
158 	if (util == ULONG_MAX)
159 		return max_f;
160 
161 	for_each_cpu(j, policy->cpus) {
162 		struct sugov_cpu *j_sg_cpu;
163 		unsigned long j_util, j_max;
164 		s64 delta_ns;
165 
166 		if (j == smp_processor_id())
167 			continue;
168 
169 		j_sg_cpu = &per_cpu(sugov_cpu, j);
170 		/*
171 		 * If the CPU utilization was last updated before the previous
172 		 * frequency update and the time elapsed between the last update
173 		 * of the CPU utilization and the last frequency update is long
174 		 * enough, don't take the CPU into account as it probably is
175 		 * idle now.
176 		 */
177 		delta_ns = last_freq_update_time - j_sg_cpu->last_update;
178 		if (delta_ns > TICK_NSEC)
179 			continue;
180 
181 		j_util = j_sg_cpu->util;
182 		if (j_util == ULONG_MAX)
183 			return max_f;
184 
185 		j_max = j_sg_cpu->max;
186 		if (j_util * max > j_max * util) {
187 			util = j_util;
188 			max = j_max;
189 		}
190 	}
191 
192 	return get_next_freq(policy, util, max);
193 }
194 
195 static void sugov_update_shared(struct update_util_data *hook, u64 time,
196 				unsigned long util, unsigned long max)
197 {
198 	struct sugov_cpu *sg_cpu = container_of(hook, struct sugov_cpu, update_util);
199 	struct sugov_policy *sg_policy = sg_cpu->sg_policy;
200 	unsigned int next_f;
201 
202 	raw_spin_lock(&sg_policy->update_lock);
203 
204 	sg_cpu->util = util;
205 	sg_cpu->max = max;
206 	sg_cpu->last_update = time;
207 
208 	if (sugov_should_update_freq(sg_policy, time)) {
209 		next_f = sugov_next_freq_shared(sg_policy, util, max);
210 		sugov_update_commit(sg_policy, time, next_f);
211 	}
212 
213 	raw_spin_unlock(&sg_policy->update_lock);
214 }
215 
216 static void sugov_work(struct work_struct *work)
217 {
218 	struct sugov_policy *sg_policy = container_of(work, struct sugov_policy, work);
219 
220 	mutex_lock(&sg_policy->work_lock);
221 	__cpufreq_driver_target(sg_policy->policy, sg_policy->next_freq,
222 				CPUFREQ_RELATION_L);
223 	mutex_unlock(&sg_policy->work_lock);
224 
225 	sg_policy->work_in_progress = false;
226 }
227 
228 static void sugov_irq_work(struct irq_work *irq_work)
229 {
230 	struct sugov_policy *sg_policy;
231 
232 	sg_policy = container_of(irq_work, struct sugov_policy, irq_work);
233 	schedule_work_on(smp_processor_id(), &sg_policy->work);
234 }
235 
236 /************************** sysfs interface ************************/
237 
238 static struct sugov_tunables *global_tunables;
239 static DEFINE_MUTEX(global_tunables_lock);
240 
241 static inline struct sugov_tunables *to_sugov_tunables(struct gov_attr_set *attr_set)
242 {
243 	return container_of(attr_set, struct sugov_tunables, attr_set);
244 }
245 
246 static ssize_t rate_limit_us_show(struct gov_attr_set *attr_set, char *buf)
247 {
248 	struct sugov_tunables *tunables = to_sugov_tunables(attr_set);
249 
250 	return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", tunables->rate_limit_us);
251 }
252 
253 static ssize_t rate_limit_us_store(struct gov_attr_set *attr_set, const char *buf,
254 				   size_t count)
255 {
256 	struct sugov_tunables *tunables = to_sugov_tunables(attr_set);
257 	struct sugov_policy *sg_policy;
258 	unsigned int rate_limit_us;
259 
260 	if (kstrtouint(buf, 10, &rate_limit_us))
261 		return -EINVAL;
262 
263 	tunables->rate_limit_us = rate_limit_us;
264 
265 	list_for_each_entry(sg_policy, &attr_set->policy_list, tunables_hook)
266 		sg_policy->freq_update_delay_ns = rate_limit_us * NSEC_PER_USEC;
267 
268 	return count;
269 }
270 
271 static struct governor_attr rate_limit_us = __ATTR_RW(rate_limit_us);
272 
273 static struct attribute *sugov_attributes[] = {
274 	&rate_limit_us.attr,
275 	NULL
276 };
277 
278 static struct kobj_type sugov_tunables_ktype = {
279 	.default_attrs = sugov_attributes,
280 	.sysfs_ops = &governor_sysfs_ops,
281 };
282 
283 /********************** cpufreq governor interface *********************/
284 
285 static struct cpufreq_governor schedutil_gov;
286 
287 static struct sugov_policy *sugov_policy_alloc(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
288 {
289 	struct sugov_policy *sg_policy;
290 
291 	sg_policy = kzalloc(sizeof(*sg_policy), GFP_KERNEL);
292 	if (!sg_policy)
293 		return NULL;
294 
295 	sg_policy->policy = policy;
296 	init_irq_work(&sg_policy->irq_work, sugov_irq_work);
297 	INIT_WORK(&sg_policy->work, sugov_work);
298 	mutex_init(&sg_policy->work_lock);
299 	raw_spin_lock_init(&sg_policy->update_lock);
300 	return sg_policy;
301 }
302 
303 static void sugov_policy_free(struct sugov_policy *sg_policy)
304 {
305 	mutex_destroy(&sg_policy->work_lock);
306 	kfree(sg_policy);
307 }
308 
309 static struct sugov_tunables *sugov_tunables_alloc(struct sugov_policy *sg_policy)
310 {
311 	struct sugov_tunables *tunables;
312 
313 	tunables = kzalloc(sizeof(*tunables), GFP_KERNEL);
314 	if (tunables) {
315 		gov_attr_set_init(&tunables->attr_set, &sg_policy->tunables_hook);
316 		if (!have_governor_per_policy())
317 			global_tunables = tunables;
318 	}
319 	return tunables;
320 }
321 
322 static void sugov_tunables_free(struct sugov_tunables *tunables)
323 {
324 	if (!have_governor_per_policy())
325 		global_tunables = NULL;
326 
327 	kfree(tunables);
328 }
329 
330 static int sugov_init(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
331 {
332 	struct sugov_policy *sg_policy;
333 	struct sugov_tunables *tunables;
334 	unsigned int lat;
335 	int ret = 0;
336 
337 	/* State should be equivalent to EXIT */
338 	if (policy->governor_data)
339 		return -EBUSY;
340 
341 	sg_policy = sugov_policy_alloc(policy);
342 	if (!sg_policy)
343 		return -ENOMEM;
344 
345 	mutex_lock(&global_tunables_lock);
346 
347 	if (global_tunables) {
348 		if (WARN_ON(have_governor_per_policy())) {
349 			ret = -EINVAL;
350 			goto free_sg_policy;
351 		}
352 		policy->governor_data = sg_policy;
353 		sg_policy->tunables = global_tunables;
354 
355 		gov_attr_set_get(&global_tunables->attr_set, &sg_policy->tunables_hook);
356 		goto out;
357 	}
358 
359 	tunables = sugov_tunables_alloc(sg_policy);
360 	if (!tunables) {
361 		ret = -ENOMEM;
362 		goto free_sg_policy;
363 	}
364 
365 	tunables->rate_limit_us = LATENCY_MULTIPLIER;
366 	lat = policy->cpuinfo.transition_latency / NSEC_PER_USEC;
367 	if (lat)
368 		tunables->rate_limit_us *= lat;
369 
370 	policy->governor_data = sg_policy;
371 	sg_policy->tunables = tunables;
372 
373 	ret = kobject_init_and_add(&tunables->attr_set.kobj, &sugov_tunables_ktype,
374 				   get_governor_parent_kobj(policy), "%s",
375 				   schedutil_gov.name);
376 	if (ret)
377 		goto fail;
378 
379  out:
380 	mutex_unlock(&global_tunables_lock);
381 
382 	cpufreq_enable_fast_switch(policy);
383 	return 0;
384 
385  fail:
386 	policy->governor_data = NULL;
387 	sugov_tunables_free(tunables);
388 
389  free_sg_policy:
390 	mutex_unlock(&global_tunables_lock);
391 
392 	sugov_policy_free(sg_policy);
393 	pr_err("initialization failed (error %d)\n", ret);
394 	return ret;
395 }
396 
397 static int sugov_exit(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
398 {
399 	struct sugov_policy *sg_policy = policy->governor_data;
400 	struct sugov_tunables *tunables = sg_policy->tunables;
401 	unsigned int count;
402 
403 	cpufreq_disable_fast_switch(policy);
404 
405 	mutex_lock(&global_tunables_lock);
406 
407 	count = gov_attr_set_put(&tunables->attr_set, &sg_policy->tunables_hook);
408 	policy->governor_data = NULL;
409 	if (!count)
410 		sugov_tunables_free(tunables);
411 
412 	mutex_unlock(&global_tunables_lock);
413 
414 	sugov_policy_free(sg_policy);
415 	return 0;
416 }
417 
418 static int sugov_start(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
419 {
420 	struct sugov_policy *sg_policy = policy->governor_data;
421 	unsigned int cpu;
422 
423 	sg_policy->freq_update_delay_ns = sg_policy->tunables->rate_limit_us * NSEC_PER_USEC;
424 	sg_policy->last_freq_update_time = 0;
425 	sg_policy->next_freq = UINT_MAX;
426 	sg_policy->work_in_progress = false;
427 	sg_policy->need_freq_update = false;
428 
429 	for_each_cpu(cpu, policy->cpus) {
430 		struct sugov_cpu *sg_cpu = &per_cpu(sugov_cpu, cpu);
431 
432 		sg_cpu->sg_policy = sg_policy;
433 		if (policy_is_shared(policy)) {
434 			sg_cpu->util = ULONG_MAX;
435 			sg_cpu->max = 0;
436 			sg_cpu->last_update = 0;
437 			cpufreq_add_update_util_hook(cpu, &sg_cpu->update_util,
438 						     sugov_update_shared);
439 		} else {
440 			cpufreq_add_update_util_hook(cpu, &sg_cpu->update_util,
441 						     sugov_update_single);
442 		}
443 	}
444 	return 0;
445 }
446 
447 static int sugov_stop(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
448 {
449 	struct sugov_policy *sg_policy = policy->governor_data;
450 	unsigned int cpu;
451 
452 	for_each_cpu(cpu, policy->cpus)
453 		cpufreq_remove_update_util_hook(cpu);
454 
455 	synchronize_sched();
456 
457 	irq_work_sync(&sg_policy->irq_work);
458 	cancel_work_sync(&sg_policy->work);
459 	return 0;
460 }
461 
462 static int sugov_limits(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
463 {
464 	struct sugov_policy *sg_policy = policy->governor_data;
465 
466 	if (!policy->fast_switch_enabled) {
467 		mutex_lock(&sg_policy->work_lock);
468 
469 		if (policy->max < policy->cur)
470 			__cpufreq_driver_target(policy, policy->max,
471 						CPUFREQ_RELATION_H);
472 		else if (policy->min > policy->cur)
473 			__cpufreq_driver_target(policy, policy->min,
474 						CPUFREQ_RELATION_L);
475 
476 		mutex_unlock(&sg_policy->work_lock);
477 	}
478 
479 	sg_policy->need_freq_update = true;
480 	return 0;
481 }
482 
483 int sugov_governor(struct cpufreq_policy *policy, unsigned int event)
484 {
485 	if (event == CPUFREQ_GOV_POLICY_INIT) {
486 		return sugov_init(policy);
487 	} else if (policy->governor_data) {
488 		switch (event) {
489 		case CPUFREQ_GOV_POLICY_EXIT:
490 			return sugov_exit(policy);
491 		case CPUFREQ_GOV_START:
492 			return sugov_start(policy);
493 		case CPUFREQ_GOV_STOP:
494 			return sugov_stop(policy);
495 		case CPUFREQ_GOV_LIMITS:
496 			return sugov_limits(policy);
497 		}
498 	}
499 	return -EINVAL;
500 }
501 
502 static struct cpufreq_governor schedutil_gov = {
503 	.name = "schedutil",
504 	.governor = sugov_governor,
505 	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
506 };
507 
508 static int __init sugov_module_init(void)
509 {
510 	return cpufreq_register_governor(&schedutil_gov);
511 }
512 
513 static void __exit sugov_module_exit(void)
514 {
515 	cpufreq_unregister_governor(&schedutil_gov);
516 }
517 
518 MODULE_AUTHOR("Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>");
519 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Utilization-based CPU frequency selection");
520 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
521 
522 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_DEFAULT_GOV_SCHEDUTIL
523 struct cpufreq_governor *cpufreq_default_governor(void)
524 {
525 	return &schedutil_gov;
526 }
527 
528 fs_initcall(sugov_module_init);
529 #else
530 module_init(sugov_module_init);
531 #endif
532 module_exit(sugov_module_exit);
533