xref: /openbmc/linux/kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c (revision 4eb5928d)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * Read-Copy Update module-based torture test facility
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2005, 2006
6  *
7  * Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
8  *	  Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
9  *
10  * See also:  Documentation/RCU/torture.rst
11  */
12 
13 #define pr_fmt(fmt) fmt
14 
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/kernel.h>
17 #include <linux/init.h>
18 #include <linux/module.h>
19 #include <linux/kthread.h>
20 #include <linux/err.h>
21 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
22 #include <linux/smp.h>
23 #include <linux/rcupdate_wait.h>
24 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
25 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
26 #include <uapi/linux/sched/types.h>
27 #include <linux/atomic.h>
28 #include <linux/bitops.h>
29 #include <linux/completion.h>
30 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
31 #include <linux/percpu.h>
32 #include <linux/notifier.h>
33 #include <linux/reboot.h>
34 #include <linux/freezer.h>
35 #include <linux/cpu.h>
36 #include <linux/delay.h>
37 #include <linux/stat.h>
38 #include <linux/srcu.h>
39 #include <linux/slab.h>
40 #include <linux/trace_clock.h>
41 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
42 #include <linux/torture.h>
43 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
44 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
45 #include <linux/sched/sysctl.h>
46 #include <linux/oom.h>
47 #include <linux/tick.h>
48 #include <linux/rcupdate_trace.h>
49 
50 #include "rcu.h"
51 
52 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
53 MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> and Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>");
54 
55 #ifndef data_race
56 #define data_race(expr)							\
57 	({								\
58 		expr;							\
59 	})
60 #endif
61 #ifndef ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER
62 #define ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(var) do { } while (0)
63 #endif
64 #ifndef ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_ACCESS
65 #define ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_ACCESS(var) do { } while (0)
66 #endif
67 
68 /* Bits for ->extendables field, extendables param, and related definitions. */
69 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT	 8	/* Put SRCU index in upper bits. */
70 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK	 ((1 << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT) - 1)
71 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH	 0x01	/* Extend readers by disabling bh. */
72 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ	 0x02	/*  ... disabling interrupts. */
73 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT	 0x04	/*  ... disabling preemption. */
74 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH	 0x08	/*  ... rcu_read_lock_bh(). */
75 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED	 0x10	/*  ... rcu_read_lock_sched(). */
76 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU	 0x20	/*  ... entering another RCU reader. */
77 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_NBITS	 6	/* Number of bits defined above. */
78 #define RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND	 \
79 	(RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ | RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | \
80 	 RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
81 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS 0x7	/* Maximum reader extensions. */
82 					/* Must be power of two minus one. */
83 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS (RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS + 3)
84 
85 torture_param(int, extendables, RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
86 	      "Extend readers by disabling bh (1), irqs (2), or preempt (4)");
87 torture_param(int, fqs_duration, 0,
88 	      "Duration of fqs bursts (us), 0 to disable");
89 torture_param(int, fqs_holdoff, 0, "Holdoff time within fqs bursts (us)");
90 torture_param(int, fqs_stutter, 3, "Wait time between fqs bursts (s)");
91 torture_param(bool, fwd_progress, 1, "Test grace-period forward progress");
92 torture_param(int, fwd_progress_div, 4, "Fraction of CPU stall to wait");
93 torture_param(int, fwd_progress_holdoff, 60,
94 	      "Time between forward-progress tests (s)");
95 torture_param(bool, fwd_progress_need_resched, 1,
96 	      "Hide cond_resched() behind need_resched()");
97 torture_param(bool, gp_cond, false, "Use conditional/async GP wait primitives");
98 torture_param(bool, gp_exp, false, "Use expedited GP wait primitives");
99 torture_param(bool, gp_normal, false,
100 	     "Use normal (non-expedited) GP wait primitives");
101 torture_param(bool, gp_sync, false, "Use synchronous GP wait primitives");
102 torture_param(int, irqreader, 1, "Allow RCU readers from irq handlers");
103 torture_param(int, n_barrier_cbs, 0,
104 	     "# of callbacks/kthreads for barrier testing");
105 torture_param(int, nfakewriters, 4, "Number of RCU fake writer threads");
106 torture_param(int, nreaders, -1, "Number of RCU reader threads");
107 torture_param(int, object_debug, 0,
108 	     "Enable debug-object double call_rcu() testing");
109 torture_param(int, onoff_holdoff, 0, "Time after boot before CPU hotplugs (s)");
110 torture_param(int, onoff_interval, 0,
111 	     "Time between CPU hotplugs (jiffies), 0=disable");
112 torture_param(int, read_exit_delay, 13,
113 	      "Delay between read-then-exit episodes (s)");
114 torture_param(int, read_exit_burst, 16,
115 	      "# of read-then-exit bursts per episode, zero to disable");
116 torture_param(int, shuffle_interval, 3, "Number of seconds between shuffles");
117 torture_param(int, shutdown_secs, 0, "Shutdown time (s), <= zero to disable.");
118 torture_param(int, stall_cpu, 0, "Stall duration (s), zero to disable.");
119 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_holdoff, 10,
120 	     "Time to wait before starting stall (s).");
121 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_irqsoff, 0, "Disable interrupts while stalling.");
122 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_block, 0, "Sleep while stalling.");
123 torture_param(int, stall_gp_kthread, 0,
124 	      "Grace-period kthread stall duration (s).");
125 torture_param(int, stat_interval, 60,
126 	     "Number of seconds between stats printk()s");
127 torture_param(int, stutter, 5, "Number of seconds to run/halt test");
128 torture_param(int, test_boost, 1, "Test RCU prio boost: 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.");
129 torture_param(int, test_boost_duration, 4,
130 	     "Duration of each boost test, seconds.");
131 torture_param(int, test_boost_interval, 7,
132 	     "Interval between boost tests, seconds.");
133 torture_param(bool, test_no_idle_hz, true,
134 	     "Test support for tickless idle CPUs");
135 torture_param(int, verbose, 1,
136 	     "Enable verbose debugging printk()s");
137 
138 static char *torture_type = "rcu";
139 module_param(torture_type, charp, 0444);
140 MODULE_PARM_DESC(torture_type, "Type of RCU to torture (rcu, srcu, ...)");
141 
142 static int nrealreaders;
143 static struct task_struct *writer_task;
144 static struct task_struct **fakewriter_tasks;
145 static struct task_struct **reader_tasks;
146 static struct task_struct *stats_task;
147 static struct task_struct *fqs_task;
148 static struct task_struct *boost_tasks[NR_CPUS];
149 static struct task_struct *stall_task;
150 static struct task_struct *fwd_prog_task;
151 static struct task_struct **barrier_cbs_tasks;
152 static struct task_struct *barrier_task;
153 static struct task_struct *read_exit_task;
154 
155 #define RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN 10
156 
157 struct rcu_torture {
158 	struct rcu_head rtort_rcu;
159 	int rtort_pipe_count;
160 	struct list_head rtort_free;
161 	int rtort_mbtest;
162 };
163 
164 static LIST_HEAD(rcu_torture_freelist);
165 static struct rcu_torture __rcu *rcu_torture_current;
166 static unsigned long rcu_torture_current_version;
167 static struct rcu_torture rcu_tortures[10 * RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN];
168 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(rcu_torture_lock);
169 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_count);
170 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_batch);
171 static atomic_t rcu_torture_wcount[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1];
172 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc;
173 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail;
174 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_free;
175 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mberror;
176 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_error;
177 static long n_rcu_torture_barrier_error;
178 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror;
179 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror;
180 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_failure;
181 static long n_rcu_torture_boosts;
182 static atomic_long_t n_rcu_torture_timers;
183 static long n_barrier_attempts;
184 static long n_barrier_successes; /* did rcu_barrier test succeed? */
185 static unsigned long n_read_exits;
186 static struct list_head rcu_torture_removed;
187 static unsigned long shutdown_jiffies;
188 
189 static int rcu_torture_writer_state;
190 #define RTWS_FIXED_DELAY	0
191 #define RTWS_DELAY		1
192 #define RTWS_REPLACE		2
193 #define RTWS_DEF_FREE		3
194 #define RTWS_EXP_SYNC		4
195 #define RTWS_COND_GET		5
196 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC		6
197 #define RTWS_SYNC		7
198 #define RTWS_STUTTER		8
199 #define RTWS_STOPPING		9
200 static const char * const rcu_torture_writer_state_names[] = {
201 	"RTWS_FIXED_DELAY",
202 	"RTWS_DELAY",
203 	"RTWS_REPLACE",
204 	"RTWS_DEF_FREE",
205 	"RTWS_EXP_SYNC",
206 	"RTWS_COND_GET",
207 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC",
208 	"RTWS_SYNC",
209 	"RTWS_STUTTER",
210 	"RTWS_STOPPING",
211 };
212 
213 /* Record reader segment types and duration for first failing read. */
214 struct rt_read_seg {
215 	int rt_readstate;
216 	unsigned long rt_delay_jiffies;
217 	unsigned long rt_delay_ms;
218 	unsigned long rt_delay_us;
219 	bool rt_preempted;
220 };
221 static int err_segs_recorded;
222 static struct rt_read_seg err_segs[RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS];
223 static int rt_read_nsegs;
224 
225 static const char *rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(void)
226 {
227 	unsigned int i = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_writer_state);
228 
229 	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_torture_writer_state_names))
230 		return "???";
231 	return rcu_torture_writer_state_names[i];
232 }
233 
234 #if defined(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST) && !defined(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU)
235 #define rcu_can_boost() 1
236 #else /* #if defined(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST) && !defined(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU) */
237 #define rcu_can_boost() 0
238 #endif /* #else #if defined(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST) && !defined(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU) */
239 
240 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE
241 static u64 notrace rcu_trace_clock_local(void)
242 {
243 	u64 ts = trace_clock_local();
244 
245 	(void)do_div(ts, NSEC_PER_USEC);
246 	return ts;
247 }
248 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE */
249 static u64 notrace rcu_trace_clock_local(void)
250 {
251 	return 0ULL;
252 }
253 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE */
254 
255 /*
256  * Stop aggressive CPU-hog tests a bit before the end of the test in order
257  * to avoid interfering with test shutdown.
258  */
259 static bool shutdown_time_arrived(void)
260 {
261 	return shutdown_secs && time_after(jiffies, shutdown_jiffies - 30 * HZ);
262 }
263 
264 static unsigned long boost_starttime;	/* jiffies of next boost test start. */
265 static DEFINE_MUTEX(boost_mutex);	/* protect setting boost_starttime */
266 					/*  and boost task create/destroy. */
267 static atomic_t barrier_cbs_count;	/* Barrier callbacks registered. */
268 static bool barrier_phase;		/* Test phase. */
269 static atomic_t barrier_cbs_invoked;	/* Barrier callbacks invoked. */
270 static wait_queue_head_t *barrier_cbs_wq; /* Coordinate barrier testing. */
271 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(barrier_wq);
272 
273 static bool rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay;		/* Short rcu_torture_delay() delays. */
274 
275 /*
276  * Allocate an element from the rcu_tortures pool.
277  */
278 static struct rcu_torture *
279 rcu_torture_alloc(void)
280 {
281 	struct list_head *p;
282 
283 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
284 	if (list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist)) {
285 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail);
286 		spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
287 		return NULL;
288 	}
289 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc);
290 	p = rcu_torture_freelist.next;
291 	list_del_init(p);
292 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
293 	return container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_free);
294 }
295 
296 /*
297  * Free an element to the rcu_tortures pool.
298  */
299 static void
300 rcu_torture_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
301 {
302 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_free);
303 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
304 	list_add_tail(&p->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_freelist);
305 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
306 }
307 
308 /*
309  * Operations vector for selecting different types of tests.
310  */
311 
312 struct rcu_torture_ops {
313 	int ttype;
314 	void (*init)(void);
315 	void (*cleanup)(void);
316 	int (*readlock)(void);
317 	void (*read_delay)(struct torture_random_state *rrsp,
318 			   struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp);
319 	void (*readunlock)(int idx);
320 	unsigned long (*get_gp_seq)(void);
321 	unsigned long (*gp_diff)(unsigned long new, unsigned long old);
322 	void (*deferred_free)(struct rcu_torture *p);
323 	void (*sync)(void);
324 	void (*exp_sync)(void);
325 	unsigned long (*get_state)(void);
326 	void (*cond_sync)(unsigned long oldstate);
327 	call_rcu_func_t call;
328 	void (*cb_barrier)(void);
329 	void (*fqs)(void);
330 	void (*stats)(void);
331 	int (*stall_dur)(void);
332 	int irq_capable;
333 	int can_boost;
334 	int extendables;
335 	int slow_gps;
336 	const char *name;
337 };
338 
339 static struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops;
340 
341 /*
342  * Definitions for rcu torture testing.
343  */
344 
345 static int rcu_torture_read_lock(void) __acquires(RCU)
346 {
347 	rcu_read_lock();
348 	return 0;
349 }
350 
351 static void
352 rcu_read_delay(struct torture_random_state *rrsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
353 {
354 	unsigned long started;
355 	unsigned long completed;
356 	const unsigned long shortdelay_us = 200;
357 	unsigned long longdelay_ms = 300;
358 	unsigned long long ts;
359 
360 	/* We want a short delay sometimes to make a reader delay the grace
361 	 * period, and we want a long delay occasionally to trigger
362 	 * force_quiescent_state. */
363 
364 	if (!READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay) &&
365 	    !(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2000 * longdelay_ms))) {
366 		started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
367 		ts = rcu_trace_clock_local();
368 		if (preempt_count() & (SOFTIRQ_MASK | HARDIRQ_MASK))
369 			longdelay_ms = 5; /* Avoid triggering BH limits. */
370 		mdelay(longdelay_ms);
371 		rtrsp->rt_delay_ms = longdelay_ms;
372 		completed = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
373 		do_trace_rcu_torture_read(cur_ops->name, NULL, ts,
374 					  started, completed);
375 	}
376 	if (!(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2 * shortdelay_us))) {
377 		udelay(shortdelay_us);
378 		rtrsp->rt_delay_us = shortdelay_us;
379 	}
380 	if (!preempt_count() &&
381 	    !(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 500))) {
382 		torture_preempt_schedule();  /* QS only if preemptible. */
383 		rtrsp->rt_preempted = true;
384 	}
385 }
386 
387 static void rcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(RCU)
388 {
389 	rcu_read_unlock();
390 }
391 
392 /*
393  * Update callback in the pipe.  This should be invoked after a grace period.
394  */
395 static bool
396 rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(struct rcu_torture *rp)
397 {
398 	int i;
399 
400 	i = READ_ONCE(rp->rtort_pipe_count);
401 	if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
402 		i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
403 	atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
404 	WRITE_ONCE(rp->rtort_pipe_count, i + 1);
405 	if (rp->rtort_pipe_count >= RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
406 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 0;
407 		return true;
408 	}
409 	return false;
410 }
411 
412 /*
413  * Update all callbacks in the pipe.  Suitable for synchronous grace-period
414  * primitives.
415  */
416 static void
417 rcu_torture_pipe_update(struct rcu_torture *old_rp)
418 {
419 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
420 	struct rcu_torture *rp1;
421 
422 	if (old_rp)
423 		list_add(&old_rp->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_removed);
424 	list_for_each_entry_safe(rp, rp1, &rcu_torture_removed, rtort_free) {
425 		if (rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(rp)) {
426 			list_del(&rp->rtort_free);
427 			rcu_torture_free(rp);
428 		}
429 	}
430 }
431 
432 static void
433 rcu_torture_cb(struct rcu_head *p)
434 {
435 	struct rcu_torture *rp = container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_rcu);
436 
437 	if (torture_must_stop_irq()) {
438 		/* Test is ending, just drop callbacks on the floor. */
439 		/* The next initialization will pick up the pieces. */
440 		return;
441 	}
442 	if (rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(rp))
443 		rcu_torture_free(rp);
444 	else
445 		cur_ops->deferred_free(rp);
446 }
447 
448 static unsigned long rcu_no_completed(void)
449 {
450 	return 0;
451 }
452 
453 static void rcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
454 {
455 	call_rcu(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
456 }
457 
458 static void rcu_sync_torture_init(void)
459 {
460 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_removed);
461 }
462 
463 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_ops = {
464 	.ttype		= RCU_FLAVOR,
465 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
466 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock,
467 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,
468 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
469 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_get_gp_seq,
470 	.gp_diff	= rcu_seq_diff,
471 	.deferred_free	= rcu_torture_deferred_free,
472 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu,
473 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_expedited,
474 	.get_state	= get_state_synchronize_rcu,
475 	.cond_sync	= cond_synchronize_rcu,
476 	.call		= call_rcu,
477 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier,
478 	.fqs		= rcu_force_quiescent_state,
479 	.stats		= NULL,
480 	.stall_dur	= rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check,
481 	.irq_capable	= 1,
482 	.can_boost	= rcu_can_boost(),
483 	.extendables	= RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
484 	.name		= "rcu"
485 };
486 
487 /*
488  * Don't even think about trying any of these in real life!!!
489  * The names includes "busted", and they really means it!
490  * The only purpose of these functions is to provide a buggy RCU
491  * implementation to make sure that rcutorture correctly emits
492  * buggy-RCU error messages.
493  */
494 static void rcu_busted_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
495 {
496 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
497 	rcu_torture_cb(&p->rtort_rcu);
498 }
499 
500 static void synchronize_rcu_busted(void)
501 {
502 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
503 }
504 
505 static void
506 call_rcu_busted(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func)
507 {
508 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
509 	func(head);
510 }
511 
512 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_busted_ops = {
513 	.ttype		= INVALID_RCU_FLAVOR,
514 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
515 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock,
516 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
517 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
518 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
519 	.deferred_free	= rcu_busted_torture_deferred_free,
520 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_busted,
521 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_busted,
522 	.call		= call_rcu_busted,
523 	.cb_barrier	= NULL,
524 	.fqs		= NULL,
525 	.stats		= NULL,
526 	.irq_capable	= 1,
527 	.name		= "busted"
528 };
529 
530 /*
531  * Definitions for srcu torture testing.
532  */
533 
534 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu_ctl);
535 static struct srcu_struct srcu_ctld;
536 static struct srcu_struct *srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl;
537 
538 static int srcu_torture_read_lock(void) __acquires(srcu_ctlp)
539 {
540 	return srcu_read_lock(srcu_ctlp);
541 }
542 
543 static void
544 srcu_read_delay(struct torture_random_state *rrsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
545 {
546 	long delay;
547 	const long uspertick = 1000000 / HZ;
548 	const long longdelay = 10;
549 
550 	/* We want there to be long-running readers, but not all the time. */
551 
552 	delay = torture_random(rrsp) %
553 		(nrealreaders * 2 * longdelay * uspertick);
554 	if (!delay && in_task()) {
555 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(longdelay);
556 		rtrsp->rt_delay_jiffies = longdelay;
557 	} else {
558 		rcu_read_delay(rrsp, rtrsp);
559 	}
560 }
561 
562 static void srcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(srcu_ctlp)
563 {
564 	srcu_read_unlock(srcu_ctlp, idx);
565 }
566 
567 static unsigned long srcu_torture_completed(void)
568 {
569 	return srcu_batches_completed(srcu_ctlp);
570 }
571 
572 static void srcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *rp)
573 {
574 	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, &rp->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
575 }
576 
577 static void srcu_torture_synchronize(void)
578 {
579 	synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
580 }
581 
582 static void srcu_torture_call(struct rcu_head *head,
583 			      rcu_callback_t func)
584 {
585 	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, head, func);
586 }
587 
588 static void srcu_torture_barrier(void)
589 {
590 	srcu_barrier(srcu_ctlp);
591 }
592 
593 static void srcu_torture_stats(void)
594 {
595 	srcu_torture_stats_print(srcu_ctlp, torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
596 }
597 
598 static void srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited(void)
599 {
600 	synchronize_srcu_expedited(srcu_ctlp);
601 }
602 
603 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcu_ops = {
604 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
605 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
606 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
607 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
608 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
609 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
610 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
611 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
612 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
613 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
614 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
615 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
616 	.irq_capable	= 1,
617 	.name		= "srcu"
618 };
619 
620 static void srcu_torture_init(void)
621 {
622 	rcu_sync_torture_init();
623 	WARN_ON(init_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld));
624 	srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctld;
625 }
626 
627 static void srcu_torture_cleanup(void)
628 {
629 	cleanup_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld);
630 	srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl; /* In case of a later rcutorture run. */
631 }
632 
633 /* As above, but dynamically allocated. */
634 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcud_ops = {
635 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
636 	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
637 	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
638 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
639 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
640 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
641 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
642 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
643 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
644 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
645 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
646 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
647 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
648 	.irq_capable	= 1,
649 	.name		= "srcud"
650 };
651 
652 /* As above, but broken due to inappropriate reader extension. */
653 static struct rcu_torture_ops busted_srcud_ops = {
654 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
655 	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
656 	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
657 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
658 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,
659 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
660 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
661 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
662 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
663 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
664 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
665 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
666 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
667 	.irq_capable	= 1,
668 	.extendables	= RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
669 	.name		= "busted_srcud"
670 };
671 
672 /*
673  * Definitions for RCU-tasks torture testing.
674  */
675 
676 static int tasks_torture_read_lock(void)
677 {
678 	return 0;
679 }
680 
681 static void tasks_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
682 {
683 }
684 
685 static void rcu_tasks_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
686 {
687 	call_rcu_tasks(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
688 }
689 
690 static void synchronize_rcu_mult_test(void)
691 {
692 	synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu_tasks, call_rcu);
693 }
694 
695 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_ops = {
696 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_FLAVOR,
697 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
698 	.readlock	= tasks_torture_read_lock,
699 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
700 	.readunlock	= tasks_torture_read_unlock,
701 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
702 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_torture_deferred_free,
703 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks,
704 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_mult_test,
705 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks,
706 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks,
707 	.fqs		= NULL,
708 	.stats		= NULL,
709 	.irq_capable	= 1,
710 	.slow_gps	= 1,
711 	.name		= "tasks"
712 };
713 
714 /*
715  * Definitions for trivial CONFIG_PREEMPT=n-only torture testing.
716  * This implementation does not necessarily work well with CPU hotplug.
717  */
718 
719 static void synchronize_rcu_trivial(void)
720 {
721 	int cpu;
722 
723 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
724 		rcutorture_sched_setaffinity(current->pid, cpumask_of(cpu));
725 		WARN_ON_ONCE(raw_smp_processor_id() != cpu);
726 	}
727 }
728 
729 static int rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial(void) __acquires(RCU)
730 {
731 	preempt_disable();
732 	return 0;
733 }
734 
735 static void rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial(int idx) __releases(RCU)
736 {
737 	preempt_enable();
738 }
739 
740 static struct rcu_torture_ops trivial_ops = {
741 	.ttype		= RCU_TRIVIAL_FLAVOR,
742 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
743 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial,
744 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
745 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial,
746 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
747 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_trivial,
748 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_trivial,
749 	.fqs		= NULL,
750 	.stats		= NULL,
751 	.irq_capable	= 1,
752 	.name		= "trivial"
753 };
754 
755 /*
756  * Definitions for rude RCU-tasks torture testing.
757  */
758 
759 static void rcu_tasks_rude_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
760 {
761 	call_rcu_tasks_rude(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
762 }
763 
764 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_rude_ops = {
765 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_RUDE_FLAVOR,
766 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
767 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial,
768 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
769 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial,
770 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
771 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_rude_torture_deferred_free,
772 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
773 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
774 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks_rude,
775 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks_rude,
776 	.fqs		= NULL,
777 	.stats		= NULL,
778 	.irq_capable	= 1,
779 	.name		= "tasks-rude"
780 };
781 
782 /*
783  * Definitions for tracing RCU-tasks torture testing.
784  */
785 
786 static int tasks_tracing_torture_read_lock(void)
787 {
788 	rcu_read_lock_trace();
789 	return 0;
790 }
791 
792 static void tasks_tracing_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
793 {
794 	rcu_read_unlock_trace();
795 }
796 
797 static void rcu_tasks_tracing_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
798 {
799 	call_rcu_tasks_trace(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
800 }
801 
802 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_tracing_ops = {
803 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_TRACING_FLAVOR,
804 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
805 	.readlock	= tasks_tracing_torture_read_lock,
806 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse srcu's version. */
807 	.readunlock	= tasks_tracing_torture_read_unlock,
808 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
809 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_tracing_torture_deferred_free,
810 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
811 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
812 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks_trace,
813 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks_trace,
814 	.fqs		= NULL,
815 	.stats		= NULL,
816 	.irq_capable	= 1,
817 	.slow_gps	= 1,
818 	.name		= "tasks-tracing"
819 };
820 
821 static unsigned long rcutorture_seq_diff(unsigned long new, unsigned long old)
822 {
823 	if (!cur_ops->gp_diff)
824 		return new - old;
825 	return cur_ops->gp_diff(new, old);
826 }
827 
828 static bool __maybe_unused torturing_tasks(void)
829 {
830 	return cur_ops == &tasks_ops || cur_ops == &tasks_rude_ops;
831 }
832 
833 /*
834  * RCU torture priority-boost testing.  Runs one real-time thread per
835  * CPU for moderate bursts, repeatedly registering RCU callbacks and
836  * spinning waiting for them to be invoked.  If a given callback takes
837  * too long to be invoked, we assume that priority inversion has occurred.
838  */
839 
840 struct rcu_boost_inflight {
841 	struct rcu_head rcu;
842 	int inflight;
843 };
844 
845 static void rcu_torture_boost_cb(struct rcu_head *head)
846 {
847 	struct rcu_boost_inflight *rbip =
848 		container_of(head, struct rcu_boost_inflight, rcu);
849 
850 	/* Ensure RCU-core accesses precede clearing ->inflight */
851 	smp_store_release(&rbip->inflight, 0);
852 }
853 
854 static int old_rt_runtime = -1;
855 
856 static void rcu_torture_disable_rt_throttle(void)
857 {
858 	/*
859 	 * Disable RT throttling so that rcutorture's boost threads don't get
860 	 * throttled. Only possible if rcutorture is built-in otherwise the
861 	 * user should manually do this by setting the sched_rt_period_us and
862 	 * sched_rt_runtime sysctls.
863 	 */
864 	if (!IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) || old_rt_runtime != -1)
865 		return;
866 
867 	old_rt_runtime = sysctl_sched_rt_runtime;
868 	sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = -1;
869 }
870 
871 static void rcu_torture_enable_rt_throttle(void)
872 {
873 	if (!IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) || old_rt_runtime == -1)
874 		return;
875 
876 	sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = old_rt_runtime;
877 	old_rt_runtime = -1;
878 }
879 
880 static bool rcu_torture_boost_failed(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
881 {
882 	if (end - start > test_boost_duration * HZ - HZ / 2) {
883 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost boosting failed");
884 		n_rcu_torture_boost_failure++;
885 
886 		return true; /* failed */
887 	}
888 
889 	return false; /* passed */
890 }
891 
892 static int rcu_torture_boost(void *arg)
893 {
894 	unsigned long call_rcu_time;
895 	unsigned long endtime;
896 	unsigned long oldstarttime;
897 	struct rcu_boost_inflight rbi = { .inflight = 0 };
898 
899 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost started");
900 
901 	/* Set real-time priority. */
902 	sched_set_fifo_low(current);
903 
904 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rbi.rcu);
905 	/* Each pass through the following loop does one boost-test cycle. */
906 	do {
907 		/* Track if the test failed already in this test interval? */
908 		bool failed = false;
909 
910 		/* Increment n_rcu_torture_boosts once per boost-test */
911 		while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
912 			if (mutex_trylock(&boost_mutex)) {
913 				n_rcu_torture_boosts++;
914 				mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
915 				break;
916 			}
917 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
918 		}
919 		if (kthread_should_stop())
920 			goto checkwait;
921 
922 		/* Wait for the next test interval. */
923 		oldstarttime = boost_starttime;
924 		while (time_before(jiffies, oldstarttime)) {
925 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(oldstarttime - jiffies);
926 			stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost");
927 			if (torture_must_stop())
928 				goto checkwait;
929 		}
930 
931 		/* Do one boost-test interval. */
932 		endtime = oldstarttime + test_boost_duration * HZ;
933 		call_rcu_time = jiffies;
934 		while (time_before(jiffies, endtime)) {
935 			/* If we don't have a callback in flight, post one. */
936 			if (!smp_load_acquire(&rbi.inflight)) {
937 				/* RCU core before ->inflight = 1. */
938 				smp_store_release(&rbi.inflight, 1);
939 				call_rcu(&rbi.rcu, rcu_torture_boost_cb);
940 				/* Check if the boost test failed */
941 				failed = failed ||
942 					 rcu_torture_boost_failed(call_rcu_time,
943 								 jiffies);
944 				call_rcu_time = jiffies;
945 			}
946 			stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost");
947 			if (torture_must_stop())
948 				goto checkwait;
949 		}
950 
951 		/*
952 		 * If boost never happened, then inflight will always be 1, in
953 		 * this case the boost check would never happen in the above
954 		 * loop so do another one here.
955 		 */
956 		if (!failed && smp_load_acquire(&rbi.inflight))
957 			rcu_torture_boost_failed(call_rcu_time, jiffies);
958 
959 		/*
960 		 * Set the start time of the next test interval.
961 		 * Yes, this is vulnerable to long delays, but such
962 		 * delays simply cause a false negative for the next
963 		 * interval.  Besides, we are running at RT priority,
964 		 * so delays should be relatively rare.
965 		 */
966 		while (oldstarttime == boost_starttime &&
967 		       !kthread_should_stop()) {
968 			if (mutex_trylock(&boost_mutex)) {
969 				boost_starttime = jiffies +
970 						  test_boost_interval * HZ;
971 				mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
972 				break;
973 			}
974 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
975 		}
976 
977 		/* Go do the stutter. */
978 checkwait:	stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost");
979 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
980 
981 	/* Clean up and exit. */
982 	while (!kthread_should_stop() || smp_load_acquire(&rbi.inflight)) {
983 		torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_boost");
984 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
985 	}
986 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rbi.rcu);
987 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_boost");
988 	return 0;
989 }
990 
991 /*
992  * RCU torture force-quiescent-state kthread.  Repeatedly induces
993  * bursts of calls to force_quiescent_state(), increasing the probability
994  * of occurrence of some important types of race conditions.
995  */
996 static int
997 rcu_torture_fqs(void *arg)
998 {
999 	unsigned long fqs_resume_time;
1000 	int fqs_burst_remaining;
1001 
1002 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fqs task started");
1003 	do {
1004 		fqs_resume_time = jiffies + fqs_stutter * HZ;
1005 		while (time_before(jiffies, fqs_resume_time) &&
1006 		       !kthread_should_stop()) {
1007 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
1008 		}
1009 		fqs_burst_remaining = fqs_duration;
1010 		while (fqs_burst_remaining > 0 &&
1011 		       !kthread_should_stop()) {
1012 			cur_ops->fqs();
1013 			udelay(fqs_holdoff);
1014 			fqs_burst_remaining -= fqs_holdoff;
1015 		}
1016 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fqs");
1017 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1018 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fqs");
1019 	return 0;
1020 }
1021 
1022 /*
1023  * RCU torture writer kthread.  Repeatedly substitutes a new structure
1024  * for that pointed to by rcu_torture_current, freeing the old structure
1025  * after a series of grace periods (the "pipeline").
1026  */
1027 static int
1028 rcu_torture_writer(void *arg)
1029 {
1030 	bool can_expedite = !rcu_gp_is_expedited() && !rcu_gp_is_normal();
1031 	int expediting = 0;
1032 	unsigned long gp_snap;
1033 	bool gp_cond1 = gp_cond, gp_exp1 = gp_exp, gp_normal1 = gp_normal;
1034 	bool gp_sync1 = gp_sync;
1035 	int i;
1036 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
1037 	struct rcu_torture *old_rp;
1038 	static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1039 	int synctype[] = { RTWS_DEF_FREE, RTWS_EXP_SYNC,
1040 			   RTWS_COND_GET, RTWS_SYNC };
1041 	int nsynctypes = 0;
1042 
1043 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_writer task started");
1044 	if (!can_expedite)
1045 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
1046 			 " GP expediting controlled from boot/sysfs for %s.\n",
1047 			 torture_type, cur_ops->name);
1048 
1049 	/* Initialize synctype[] array.  If none set, take default. */
1050 	if (!gp_cond1 && !gp_exp1 && !gp_normal1 && !gp_sync1)
1051 		gp_cond1 = gp_exp1 = gp_normal1 = gp_sync1 = true;
1052 	if (gp_cond1 && cur_ops->get_state && cur_ops->cond_sync) {
1053 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET;
1054 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional GPs.\n", __func__);
1055 	} else if (gp_cond && (!cur_ops->get_state || !cur_ops->cond_sync)) {
1056 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond without primitives.\n", __func__);
1057 	}
1058 	if (gp_exp1 && cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1059 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
1060 		pr_info("%s: Testing expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1061 	} else if (gp_exp && !cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1062 		pr_alert("%s: gp_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
1063 	}
1064 	if (gp_normal1 && cur_ops->deferred_free) {
1065 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_DEF_FREE;
1066 		pr_info("%s: Testing asynchronous GPs.\n", __func__);
1067 	} else if (gp_normal && !cur_ops->deferred_free) {
1068 		pr_alert("%s: gp_normal without primitives.\n", __func__);
1069 	}
1070 	if (gp_sync1 && cur_ops->sync) {
1071 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_SYNC;
1072 		pr_info("%s: Testing normal GPs.\n", __func__);
1073 	} else if (gp_sync && !cur_ops->sync) {
1074 		pr_alert("%s: gp_sync without primitives.\n", __func__);
1075 	}
1076 	if (WARN_ONCE(nsynctypes == 0,
1077 		      "rcu_torture_writer: No update-side primitives.\n")) {
1078 		/*
1079 		 * No updates primitives, so don't try updating.
1080 		 * The resulting test won't be testing much, hence the
1081 		 * above WARN_ONCE().
1082 		 */
1083 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
1084 		torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_writer");
1085 	}
1086 
1087 	do {
1088 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_FIXED_DELAY;
1089 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
1090 		rp = rcu_torture_alloc();
1091 		if (rp == NULL)
1092 			continue;
1093 		rp->rtort_pipe_count = 0;
1094 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_DELAY;
1095 		udelay(torture_random(&rand) & 0x3ff);
1096 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_REPLACE;
1097 		old_rp = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
1098 					       current == writer_task);
1099 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 1;
1100 		rcu_assign_pointer(rcu_torture_current, rp);
1101 		smp_wmb(); /* Mods to old_rp must follow rcu_assign_pointer() */
1102 		if (old_rp) {
1103 			i = old_rp->rtort_pipe_count;
1104 			if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
1105 				i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
1106 			atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
1107 			WRITE_ONCE(old_rp->rtort_pipe_count,
1108 				   old_rp->rtort_pipe_count + 1);
1109 			switch (synctype[torture_random(&rand) % nsynctypes]) {
1110 			case RTWS_DEF_FREE:
1111 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_DEF_FREE;
1112 				cur_ops->deferred_free(old_rp);
1113 				break;
1114 			case RTWS_EXP_SYNC:
1115 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
1116 				cur_ops->exp_sync();
1117 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1118 				break;
1119 			case RTWS_COND_GET:
1120 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET;
1121 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_state();
1122 				i = torture_random(&rand) % 16;
1123 				if (i != 0)
1124 					schedule_timeout_interruptible(i);
1125 				udelay(torture_random(&rand) % 1000);
1126 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC;
1127 				cur_ops->cond_sync(gp_snap);
1128 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1129 				break;
1130 			case RTWS_SYNC:
1131 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_SYNC;
1132 				cur_ops->sync();
1133 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1134 				break;
1135 			default:
1136 				WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
1137 				break;
1138 			}
1139 		}
1140 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version,
1141 			   rcu_torture_current_version + 1);
1142 		/* Cycle through nesting levels of rcu_expedite_gp() calls. */
1143 		if (can_expedite &&
1144 		    !(torture_random(&rand) & 0xff & (!!expediting - 1))) {
1145 			WARN_ON_ONCE(expediting == 0 && rcu_gp_is_expedited());
1146 			if (expediting >= 0)
1147 				rcu_expedite_gp();
1148 			else
1149 				rcu_unexpedite_gp();
1150 			if (++expediting > 3)
1151 				expediting = -expediting;
1152 		} else if (!can_expedite) { /* Disabled during boot, recheck. */
1153 			can_expedite = !rcu_gp_is_expedited() &&
1154 				       !rcu_gp_is_normal();
1155 		}
1156 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STUTTER;
1157 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_writer") &&
1158 		    !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay) &&
1159 		    !cur_ops->slow_gps &&
1160 		    !torture_must_stop() &&
1161 		    rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended())
1162 			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_tortures); i++)
1163 				if (list_empty(&rcu_tortures[i].rtort_free) &&
1164 				    rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current) !=
1165 				    &rcu_tortures[i]) {
1166 					rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
1167 					WARN(1, "%s: rtort_pipe_count: %d\n", __func__, rcu_tortures[i].rtort_pipe_count);
1168 				}
1169 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1170 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;  // Let stats task know that we are done.
1171 	/* Reset expediting back to unexpedited. */
1172 	if (expediting > 0)
1173 		expediting = -expediting;
1174 	while (can_expedite && expediting++ < 0)
1175 		rcu_unexpedite_gp();
1176 	WARN_ON_ONCE(can_expedite && rcu_gp_is_expedited());
1177 	if (!can_expedite)
1178 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
1179 			 " Dynamic grace-period expediting was disabled.\n",
1180 			 torture_type);
1181 	rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
1182 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_writer");
1183 	return 0;
1184 }
1185 
1186 /*
1187  * RCU torture fake writer kthread.  Repeatedly calls sync, with a random
1188  * delay between calls.
1189  */
1190 static int
1191 rcu_torture_fakewriter(void *arg)
1192 {
1193 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1194 
1195 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fakewriter task started");
1196 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
1197 
1198 	do {
1199 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1 + torture_random(&rand)%10);
1200 		udelay(torture_random(&rand) & 0x3ff);
1201 		if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL &&
1202 		    torture_random(&rand) % (nfakewriters * 8) == 0) {
1203 			cur_ops->cb_barrier();
1204 		} else if (gp_normal == gp_exp) {
1205 			if (cur_ops->sync && torture_random(&rand) & 0x80)
1206 				cur_ops->sync();
1207 			else if (cur_ops->exp_sync)
1208 				cur_ops->exp_sync();
1209 		} else if (gp_normal && cur_ops->sync) {
1210 			cur_ops->sync();
1211 		} else if (cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1212 			cur_ops->exp_sync();
1213 		}
1214 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1215 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1216 
1217 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1218 	return 0;
1219 }
1220 
1221 static void rcu_torture_timer_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
1222 {
1223 	kfree(rhp);
1224 }
1225 
1226 /*
1227  * Do one extension of an RCU read-side critical section using the
1228  * current reader state in readstate (set to zero for initial entry
1229  * to extended critical section), set the new state as specified by
1230  * newstate (set to zero for final exit from extended critical section),
1231  * and random-number-generator state in trsp.  If this is neither the
1232  * beginning or end of the critical section and if there was actually a
1233  * change, do a ->read_delay().
1234  */
1235 static void rcutorture_one_extend(int *readstate, int newstate,
1236 				  struct torture_random_state *trsp,
1237 				  struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
1238 {
1239 	unsigned long flags;
1240 	int idxnew = -1;
1241 	int idxold = *readstate;
1242 	int statesnew = ~*readstate & newstate;
1243 	int statesold = *readstate & ~newstate;
1244 
1245 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxold < 0);
1246 	WARN_ON_ONCE((idxold >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT) > 1);
1247 	rtrsp->rt_readstate = newstate;
1248 
1249 	/* First, put new protection in place to avoid critical-section gap. */
1250 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)
1251 		local_bh_disable();
1252 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1253 		local_irq_disable();
1254 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT)
1255 		preempt_disable();
1256 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)
1257 		rcu_read_lock_bh();
1258 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
1259 		rcu_read_lock_sched();
1260 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU)
1261 		idxnew = cur_ops->readlock() << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT;
1262 
1263 	/* Next, remove old protection, irq first due to bh conflict. */
1264 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1265 		local_irq_enable();
1266 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)
1267 		local_bh_enable();
1268 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT)
1269 		preempt_enable();
1270 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)
1271 		rcu_read_unlock_bh();
1272 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
1273 		rcu_read_unlock_sched();
1274 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU) {
1275 		bool lockit = !statesnew && !(torture_random(trsp) & 0xffff);
1276 
1277 		if (lockit)
1278 			raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&current->pi_lock, flags);
1279 		cur_ops->readunlock(idxold >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT);
1280 		if (lockit)
1281 			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&current->pi_lock, flags);
1282 	}
1283 
1284 	/* Delay if neither beginning nor end and there was a change. */
1285 	if ((statesnew || statesold) && *readstate && newstate)
1286 		cur_ops->read_delay(trsp, rtrsp);
1287 
1288 	/* Update the reader state. */
1289 	if (idxnew == -1)
1290 		idxnew = idxold & ~RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK;
1291 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew < 0);
1292 	WARN_ON_ONCE((idxnew >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT) > 1);
1293 	*readstate = idxnew | newstate;
1294 	WARN_ON_ONCE((*readstate >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT) < 0);
1295 	WARN_ON_ONCE((*readstate >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT) > 1);
1296 }
1297 
1298 /* Return the biggest extendables mask given current RCU and boot parameters. */
1299 static int rcutorture_extend_mask_max(void)
1300 {
1301 	int mask;
1302 
1303 	WARN_ON_ONCE(extendables & ~RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND);
1304 	mask = extendables & RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND & cur_ops->extendables;
1305 	mask = mask | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU;
1306 	return mask;
1307 }
1308 
1309 /* Return a random protection state mask, but with at least one bit set. */
1310 static int
1311 rcutorture_extend_mask(int oldmask, struct torture_random_state *trsp)
1312 {
1313 	int mask = rcutorture_extend_mask_max();
1314 	unsigned long randmask1 = torture_random(trsp) >> 8;
1315 	unsigned long randmask2 = randmask1 >> 3;
1316 
1317 	WARN_ON_ONCE(mask >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT);
1318 	/* Mostly only one bit (need preemption!), sometimes lots of bits. */
1319 	if (!(randmask1 & 0x7))
1320 		mask = mask & randmask2;
1321 	else
1322 		mask = mask & (1 << (randmask2 % RCUTORTURE_RDR_NBITS));
1323 	/* Can't enable bh w/irq disabled. */
1324 	if ((mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ) &&
1325 	    ((!(mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH) && (oldmask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)) ||
1326 	     (!(mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH) && (oldmask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH))))
1327 		mask |= RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH;
1328 	return mask ?: RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU;
1329 }
1330 
1331 /*
1332  * Do a randomly selected number of extensions of an existing RCU read-side
1333  * critical section.
1334  */
1335 static struct rt_read_seg *
1336 rcutorture_loop_extend(int *readstate, struct torture_random_state *trsp,
1337 		       struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
1338 {
1339 	int i;
1340 	int j;
1341 	int mask = rcutorture_extend_mask_max();
1342 
1343 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!*readstate); /* -Existing- RCU read-side critsect! */
1344 	if (!((mask - 1) & mask))
1345 		return rtrsp;  /* Current RCU reader not extendable. */
1346 	/* Bias towards larger numbers of loops. */
1347 	i = (torture_random(trsp) >> 3);
1348 	i = ((i | (i >> 3)) & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS) + 1;
1349 	for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
1350 		mask = rcutorture_extend_mask(*readstate, trsp);
1351 		rcutorture_one_extend(readstate, mask, trsp, &rtrsp[j]);
1352 	}
1353 	return &rtrsp[j];
1354 }
1355 
1356 /*
1357  * Do one read-side critical section, returning false if there was
1358  * no data to read.  Can be invoked both from process context and
1359  * from a timer handler.
1360  */
1361 static bool rcu_torture_one_read(struct torture_random_state *trsp)
1362 {
1363 	int i;
1364 	unsigned long started;
1365 	unsigned long completed;
1366 	int newstate;
1367 	struct rcu_torture *p;
1368 	int pipe_count;
1369 	int readstate = 0;
1370 	struct rt_read_seg rtseg[RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS] = { { 0 } };
1371 	struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp = &rtseg[0];
1372 	struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp1;
1373 	unsigned long long ts;
1374 
1375 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_is_watching());
1376 	newstate = rcutorture_extend_mask(readstate, trsp);
1377 	rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, newstate, trsp, rtrsp++);
1378 	started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
1379 	ts = rcu_trace_clock_local();
1380 	p = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
1381 				  rcu_read_lock_bh_held() ||
1382 				  rcu_read_lock_sched_held() ||
1383 				  srcu_read_lock_held(srcu_ctlp) ||
1384 				  rcu_read_lock_trace_held() ||
1385 				  torturing_tasks());
1386 	if (p == NULL) {
1387 		/* Wait for rcu_torture_writer to get underway */
1388 		rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, 0, trsp, rtrsp);
1389 		return false;
1390 	}
1391 	if (p->rtort_mbtest == 0)
1392 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mberror);
1393 	rtrsp = rcutorture_loop_extend(&readstate, trsp, rtrsp);
1394 	preempt_disable();
1395 	pipe_count = READ_ONCE(p->rtort_pipe_count);
1396 	if (pipe_count > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
1397 		/* Should not happen, but... */
1398 		pipe_count = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
1399 	}
1400 	completed = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
1401 	if (pipe_count > 1) {
1402 		do_trace_rcu_torture_read(cur_ops->name, &p->rtort_rcu,
1403 					  ts, started, completed);
1404 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
1405 	}
1406 	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_count[pipe_count]);
1407 	completed = rcutorture_seq_diff(completed, started);
1408 	if (completed > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
1409 		/* Should not happen, but... */
1410 		completed = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
1411 	}
1412 	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_batch[completed]);
1413 	preempt_enable();
1414 	rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, 0, trsp, rtrsp);
1415 	WARN_ON_ONCE(readstate & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK);
1416 
1417 	/* If error or close call, record the sequence of reader protections. */
1418 	if ((pipe_count > 1 || completed > 1) && !xchg(&err_segs_recorded, 1)) {
1419 		i = 0;
1420 		for (rtrsp1 = &rtseg[0]; rtrsp1 < rtrsp; rtrsp1++)
1421 			err_segs[i++] = *rtrsp1;
1422 		rt_read_nsegs = i;
1423 	}
1424 
1425 	return true;
1426 }
1427 
1428 static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM_PERCPU(rcu_torture_timer_rand);
1429 
1430 /*
1431  * RCU torture reader from timer handler.  Dereferences rcu_torture_current,
1432  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
1433  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
1434  * RCU implementation is broken.
1435  */
1436 static void rcu_torture_timer(struct timer_list *unused)
1437 {
1438 	atomic_long_inc(&n_rcu_torture_timers);
1439 	(void)rcu_torture_one_read(this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_torture_timer_rand));
1440 
1441 	/* Test call_rcu() invocation from interrupt handler. */
1442 	if (cur_ops->call) {
1443 		struct rcu_head *rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_NOWAIT);
1444 
1445 		if (rhp)
1446 			cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_timer_cb);
1447 	}
1448 }
1449 
1450 /*
1451  * RCU torture reader kthread.  Repeatedly dereferences rcu_torture_current,
1452  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
1453  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
1454  * RCU implementation is broken.
1455  */
1456 static int
1457 rcu_torture_reader(void *arg)
1458 {
1459 	unsigned long lastsleep = jiffies;
1460 	long myid = (long)arg;
1461 	int mynumonline = myid;
1462 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1463 	struct timer_list t;
1464 
1465 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_reader task started");
1466 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
1467 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable)
1468 		timer_setup_on_stack(&t, rcu_torture_timer, 0);
1469 	tick_dep_set_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
1470 	do {
1471 		if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable) {
1472 			if (!timer_pending(&t))
1473 				mod_timer(&t, jiffies + 1);
1474 		}
1475 		if (!rcu_torture_one_read(&rand) && !torture_must_stop())
1476 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ);
1477 		if (time_after(jiffies, lastsleep) && !torture_must_stop()) {
1478 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
1479 			lastsleep = jiffies + 10;
1480 		}
1481 		while (num_online_cpus() < mynumonline && !torture_must_stop())
1482 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 5);
1483 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_reader");
1484 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1485 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable) {
1486 		del_timer_sync(&t);
1487 		destroy_timer_on_stack(&t);
1488 	}
1489 	tick_dep_clear_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
1490 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_reader");
1491 	return 0;
1492 }
1493 
1494 /*
1495  * Print torture statistics.  Caller must ensure that there is only
1496  * one call to this function at a given time!!!  This is normally
1497  * accomplished by relying on the module system to only have one copy
1498  * of the module loaded, and then by giving the rcu_torture_stats
1499  * kthread full control (or the init/cleanup functions when rcu_torture_stats
1500  * thread is not running).
1501  */
1502 static void
1503 rcu_torture_stats_print(void)
1504 {
1505 	int cpu;
1506 	int i;
1507 	long pipesummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
1508 	long batchsummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
1509 	struct rcu_torture *rtcp;
1510 	static unsigned long rtcv_snap = ULONG_MAX;
1511 	static bool splatted;
1512 	struct task_struct *wtp;
1513 
1514 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
1515 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
1516 			pipesummary[i] += READ_ONCE(per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i]);
1517 			batchsummary[i] += READ_ONCE(per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i]);
1518 		}
1519 	}
1520 	for (i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
1521 		if (pipesummary[i] != 0)
1522 			break;
1523 	}
1524 
1525 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
1526 	rtcp = rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current);
1527 	pr_cont("rtc: %p %s: %lu tfle: %d rta: %d rtaf: %d rtf: %d ",
1528 		rtcp,
1529 		rtcp && !rcu_stall_is_suppressed_at_boot() ? "ver" : "VER",
1530 		rcu_torture_current_version,
1531 		list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist),
1532 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc),
1533 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail),
1534 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_free));
1535 	pr_cont("rtmbe: %d rtbe: %ld rtbke: %ld rtbre: %ld ",
1536 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror),
1537 		n_rcu_torture_barrier_error,
1538 		n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror,
1539 		n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror);
1540 	pr_cont("rtbf: %ld rtb: %ld nt: %ld ",
1541 		n_rcu_torture_boost_failure,
1542 		n_rcu_torture_boosts,
1543 		atomic_long_read(&n_rcu_torture_timers));
1544 	torture_onoff_stats();
1545 	pr_cont("barrier: %ld/%ld:%ld ",
1546 		data_race(n_barrier_successes),
1547 		data_race(n_barrier_attempts),
1548 		data_race(n_rcu_torture_barrier_error));
1549 	pr_cont("read-exits: %ld\n", data_race(n_read_exits));
1550 
1551 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
1552 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror) ||
1553 	    n_rcu_torture_barrier_error || n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror ||
1554 	    n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror || n_rcu_torture_boost_failure ||
1555 	    i > 1) {
1556 		pr_cont("%s", "!!! ");
1557 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_error);
1558 		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror));
1559 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_barrier_error);  // rcu_barrier()
1560 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror); // no boost kthread
1561 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror); // can't set RT prio
1562 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_failure); // RCU boost failed
1563 		WARN_ON_ONCE(i > 1); // Too-short grace period
1564 	}
1565 	pr_cont("Reader Pipe: ");
1566 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
1567 		pr_cont(" %ld", pipesummary[i]);
1568 	pr_cont("\n");
1569 
1570 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
1571 	pr_cont("Reader Batch: ");
1572 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
1573 		pr_cont(" %ld", batchsummary[i]);
1574 	pr_cont("\n");
1575 
1576 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
1577 	pr_cont("Free-Block Circulation: ");
1578 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
1579 		pr_cont(" %d", atomic_read(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]));
1580 	}
1581 	pr_cont("\n");
1582 
1583 	if (cur_ops->stats)
1584 		cur_ops->stats();
1585 	if (rtcv_snap == rcu_torture_current_version &&
1586 	    rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current) &&
1587 	    !rcu_stall_is_suppressed()) {
1588 		int __maybe_unused flags = 0;
1589 		unsigned long __maybe_unused gp_seq = 0;
1590 
1591 		rcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype,
1592 				       &flags, &gp_seq);
1593 		srcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, srcu_ctlp,
1594 					&flags, &gp_seq);
1595 		wtp = READ_ONCE(writer_task);
1596 		pr_alert("??? Writer stall state %s(%d) g%lu f%#x ->state %#lx cpu %d\n",
1597 			 rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1598 			 rcu_torture_writer_state, gp_seq, flags,
1599 			 wtp == NULL ? ~0UL : wtp->state,
1600 			 wtp == NULL ? -1 : (int)task_cpu(wtp));
1601 		if (!splatted && wtp) {
1602 			sched_show_task(wtp);
1603 			splatted = true;
1604 		}
1605 		show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
1606 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
1607 	}
1608 	rtcv_snap = rcu_torture_current_version;
1609 }
1610 
1611 /*
1612  * Periodically prints torture statistics, if periodic statistics printing
1613  * was specified via the stat_interval module parameter.
1614  */
1615 static int
1616 rcu_torture_stats(void *arg)
1617 {
1618 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stats task started");
1619 	do {
1620 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stat_interval * HZ);
1621 		rcu_torture_stats_print();
1622 		torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stats");
1623 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1624 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_stats");
1625 	return 0;
1626 }
1627 
1628 static void
1629 rcu_torture_print_module_parms(struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops, const char *tag)
1630 {
1631 	pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
1632 		 "--- %s: nreaders=%d nfakewriters=%d "
1633 		 "stat_interval=%d verbose=%d test_no_idle_hz=%d "
1634 		 "shuffle_interval=%d stutter=%d irqreader=%d "
1635 		 "fqs_duration=%d fqs_holdoff=%d fqs_stutter=%d "
1636 		 "test_boost=%d/%d test_boost_interval=%d "
1637 		 "test_boost_duration=%d shutdown_secs=%d "
1638 		 "stall_cpu=%d stall_cpu_holdoff=%d stall_cpu_irqsoff=%d "
1639 		 "stall_cpu_block=%d "
1640 		 "n_barrier_cbs=%d "
1641 		 "onoff_interval=%d onoff_holdoff=%d "
1642 		 "read_exit_delay=%d read_exit_burst=%d\n",
1643 		 torture_type, tag, nrealreaders, nfakewriters,
1644 		 stat_interval, verbose, test_no_idle_hz, shuffle_interval,
1645 		 stutter, irqreader, fqs_duration, fqs_holdoff, fqs_stutter,
1646 		 test_boost, cur_ops->can_boost,
1647 		 test_boost_interval, test_boost_duration, shutdown_secs,
1648 		 stall_cpu, stall_cpu_holdoff, stall_cpu_irqsoff,
1649 		 stall_cpu_block,
1650 		 n_barrier_cbs,
1651 		 onoff_interval, onoff_holdoff,
1652 		 read_exit_delay, read_exit_burst);
1653 }
1654 
1655 static int rcutorture_booster_cleanup(unsigned int cpu)
1656 {
1657 	struct task_struct *t;
1658 
1659 	if (boost_tasks[cpu] == NULL)
1660 		return 0;
1661 	mutex_lock(&boost_mutex);
1662 	t = boost_tasks[cpu];
1663 	boost_tasks[cpu] = NULL;
1664 	rcu_torture_enable_rt_throttle();
1665 	mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
1666 
1667 	/* This must be outside of the mutex, otherwise deadlock! */
1668 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_boost, t);
1669 	return 0;
1670 }
1671 
1672 static int rcutorture_booster_init(unsigned int cpu)
1673 {
1674 	int retval;
1675 
1676 	if (boost_tasks[cpu] != NULL)
1677 		return 0;  /* Already created, nothing more to do. */
1678 
1679 	/* Don't allow time recalculation while creating a new task. */
1680 	mutex_lock(&boost_mutex);
1681 	rcu_torture_disable_rt_throttle();
1682 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Creating rcu_torture_boost task");
1683 	boost_tasks[cpu] = kthread_create_on_node(rcu_torture_boost, NULL,
1684 						  cpu_to_node(cpu),
1685 						  "rcu_torture_boost");
1686 	if (IS_ERR(boost_tasks[cpu])) {
1687 		retval = PTR_ERR(boost_tasks[cpu]);
1688 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost task create failed");
1689 		n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror++;
1690 		boost_tasks[cpu] = NULL;
1691 		mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
1692 		return retval;
1693 	}
1694 	kthread_bind(boost_tasks[cpu], cpu);
1695 	wake_up_process(boost_tasks[cpu]);
1696 	mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
1697 	return 0;
1698 }
1699 
1700 /*
1701  * CPU-stall kthread.  It waits as specified by stall_cpu_holdoff, then
1702  * induces a CPU stall for the time specified by stall_cpu.
1703  */
1704 static int rcu_torture_stall(void *args)
1705 {
1706 	int idx;
1707 	unsigned long stop_at;
1708 
1709 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall task started");
1710 	if (stall_cpu_holdoff > 0) {
1711 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin holdoff");
1712 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stall_cpu_holdoff * HZ);
1713 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall end holdoff");
1714 	}
1715 	if (!kthread_should_stop() && stall_gp_kthread > 0) {
1716 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin GP stall");
1717 		rcu_gp_set_torture_wait(stall_gp_kthread * HZ);
1718 		for (idx = 0; idx < stall_gp_kthread + 2; idx++) {
1719 			if (kthread_should_stop())
1720 				break;
1721 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
1722 		}
1723 	}
1724 	if (!kthread_should_stop() && stall_cpu > 0) {
1725 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin CPU stall");
1726 		stop_at = ktime_get_seconds() + stall_cpu;
1727 		/* RCU CPU stall is expected behavior in following code. */
1728 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
1729 		if (stall_cpu_irqsoff)
1730 			local_irq_disable();
1731 		else if (!stall_cpu_block)
1732 			preempt_disable();
1733 		pr_alert("rcu_torture_stall start on CPU %d.\n",
1734 			 raw_smp_processor_id());
1735 		while (ULONG_CMP_LT((unsigned long)ktime_get_seconds(),
1736 				    stop_at))
1737 			if (stall_cpu_block)
1738 				schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
1739 		if (stall_cpu_irqsoff)
1740 			local_irq_enable();
1741 		else if (!stall_cpu_block)
1742 			preempt_enable();
1743 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
1744 	}
1745 	pr_alert("rcu_torture_stall end.\n");
1746 	torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stall");
1747 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
1748 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(10 * HZ);
1749 	return 0;
1750 }
1751 
1752 /* Spawn CPU-stall kthread, if stall_cpu specified. */
1753 static int __init rcu_torture_stall_init(void)
1754 {
1755 	if (stall_cpu <= 0 && stall_gp_kthread <= 0)
1756 		return 0;
1757 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_stall, NULL, stall_task);
1758 }
1759 
1760 /* State structure for forward-progress self-propagating RCU callback. */
1761 struct fwd_cb_state {
1762 	struct rcu_head rh;
1763 	int stop;
1764 };
1765 
1766 /*
1767  * Forward-progress self-propagating RCU callback function.  Because
1768  * callbacks run from softirq, this function is an implicit RCU read-side
1769  * critical section.
1770  */
1771 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
1772 {
1773 	struct fwd_cb_state *fcsp = container_of(rhp, struct fwd_cb_state, rh);
1774 
1775 	if (READ_ONCE(fcsp->stop)) {
1776 		WRITE_ONCE(fcsp->stop, 2);
1777 		return;
1778 	}
1779 	cur_ops->call(&fcsp->rh, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb);
1780 }
1781 
1782 /* State for continuous-flood RCU callbacks. */
1783 struct rcu_fwd_cb {
1784 	struct rcu_head rh;
1785 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfc_next;
1786 	struct rcu_fwd *rfc_rfp;
1787 	int rfc_gps;
1788 };
1789 
1790 #define MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES	(8 * HZ) /* Maximum CB test duration. */
1791 #define MIN_FWD_CB_LAUNDERS	3	/* This many CB invocations to count. */
1792 #define MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED	100	/* Number of counted CBs. */
1793 #define FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV	10	/* Histogram buckets/second. */
1794 #define N_LAUNDERS_HIST (2 * MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES / (HZ / FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV))
1795 
1796 struct rcu_launder_hist {
1797 	long n_launders;
1798 	unsigned long launder_gp_seq;
1799 };
1800 
1801 struct rcu_fwd {
1802 	spinlock_t rcu_fwd_lock;
1803 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rcu_fwd_cb_head;
1804 	struct rcu_fwd_cb **rcu_fwd_cb_tail;
1805 	long n_launders_cb;
1806 	unsigned long rcu_fwd_startat;
1807 	struct rcu_launder_hist n_launders_hist[N_LAUNDERS_HIST];
1808 	unsigned long rcu_launder_gp_seq_start;
1809 };
1810 
1811 static struct rcu_fwd *rcu_fwds;
1812 static bool rcu_fwd_emergency_stop;
1813 
1814 static void rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
1815 {
1816 	unsigned long gps;
1817 	unsigned long gps_old;
1818 	int i;
1819 	int j;
1820 
1821 	for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist) - 1; i > 0; i--)
1822 		if (rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders > 0)
1823 			break;
1824 	pr_alert("%s: Callback-invocation histogram (duration %lu jiffies):",
1825 		 __func__, jiffies - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat);
1826 	gps_old = rfp->rcu_launder_gp_seq_start;
1827 	for (j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
1828 		gps = rfp->n_launders_hist[j].launder_gp_seq;
1829 		pr_cont(" %ds/%d: %ld:%ld",
1830 			j + 1, FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV,
1831 			rfp->n_launders_hist[j].n_launders,
1832 			rcutorture_seq_diff(gps, gps_old));
1833 		gps_old = gps;
1834 	}
1835 	pr_cont("\n");
1836 }
1837 
1838 /* Callback function for continuous-flood RCU callbacks. */
1839 static void rcu_torture_fwd_cb_cr(struct rcu_head *rhp)
1840 {
1841 	unsigned long flags;
1842 	int i;
1843 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp = container_of(rhp, struct rcu_fwd_cb, rh);
1844 	struct rcu_fwd_cb **rfcpp;
1845 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp = rfcp->rfc_rfp;
1846 
1847 	rfcp->rfc_next = NULL;
1848 	rfcp->rfc_gps++;
1849 	spin_lock_irqsave(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
1850 	rfcpp = rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail;
1851 	rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfcp->rfc_next;
1852 	WRITE_ONCE(*rfcpp, rfcp);
1853 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->n_launders_cb, rfp->n_launders_cb + 1);
1854 	i = ((jiffies - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat) / (HZ / FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV));
1855 	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist))
1856 		i = ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist) - 1;
1857 	rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders++;
1858 	rfp->n_launders_hist[i].launder_gp_seq = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
1859 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
1860 }
1861 
1862 // Give the scheduler a chance, even on nohz_full CPUs.
1863 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(unsigned long iter)
1864 {
1865 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPTION) && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL)) {
1866 		// Real call_rcu() floods hit userspace, so emulate that.
1867 		if (need_resched() || (iter & 0xfff))
1868 			schedule();
1869 		return;
1870 	}
1871 	// No userspace emulation: CB invocation throttles call_rcu()
1872 	cond_resched();
1873 }
1874 
1875 /*
1876  * Free all callbacks on the rcu_fwd_cb_head list, either because the
1877  * test is over or because we hit an OOM event.
1878  */
1879 static unsigned long rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
1880 {
1881 	unsigned long flags;
1882 	unsigned long freed = 0;
1883 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp;
1884 
1885 	for (;;) {
1886 		spin_lock_irqsave(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
1887 		rfcp = rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head;
1888 		if (!rfcp) {
1889 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
1890 			break;
1891 		}
1892 		rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head = rfcp->rfc_next;
1893 		if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head)
1894 			rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head;
1895 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
1896 		kfree(rfcp);
1897 		freed++;
1898 		rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(freed);
1899 		if (tick_nohz_full_enabled()) {
1900 			local_irq_save(flags);
1901 			rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle();
1902 			local_irq_restore(flags);
1903 		}
1904 	}
1905 	return freed;
1906 }
1907 
1908 /* Carry out need_resched()/cond_resched() forward-progress testing. */
1909 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_nr(struct rcu_fwd *rfp,
1910 				    int *tested, int *tested_tries)
1911 {
1912 	unsigned long cver;
1913 	unsigned long dur;
1914 	struct fwd_cb_state fcs;
1915 	unsigned long gps;
1916 	int idx;
1917 	int sd;
1918 	int sd4;
1919 	bool selfpropcb = false;
1920 	unsigned long stopat;
1921 	static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(trs);
1922 
1923 	if  (cur_ops->call && cur_ops->sync && cur_ops->cb_barrier) {
1924 		init_rcu_head_on_stack(&fcs.rh);
1925 		selfpropcb = true;
1926 	}
1927 
1928 	/* Tight loop containing cond_resched(). */
1929 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay, true);
1930 	cur_ops->sync(); /* Later readers see above write. */
1931 	if  (selfpropcb) {
1932 		WRITE_ONCE(fcs.stop, 0);
1933 		cur_ops->call(&fcs.rh, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb);
1934 	}
1935 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version);
1936 	gps = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
1937 	sd = cur_ops->stall_dur() + 1;
1938 	sd4 = (sd + fwd_progress_div - 1) / fwd_progress_div;
1939 	dur = sd4 + torture_random(&trs) % (sd - sd4);
1940 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies);
1941 	stopat = rfp->rcu_fwd_startat + dur;
1942 	while (time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
1943 	       !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
1944 	       !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
1945 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
1946 		udelay(10);
1947 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
1948 		if (!fwd_progress_need_resched || need_resched())
1949 			cond_resched();
1950 	}
1951 	(*tested_tries)++;
1952 	if (!time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
1953 	    !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
1954 	    !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
1955 		(*tested)++;
1956 		cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version) - cver;
1957 		gps = rcutorture_seq_diff(cur_ops->get_gp_seq(), gps);
1958 		WARN_ON(!cver && gps < 2);
1959 		pr_alert("%s: Duration %ld cver %ld gps %ld\n", __func__, dur, cver, gps);
1960 	}
1961 	if (selfpropcb) {
1962 		WRITE_ONCE(fcs.stop, 1);
1963 		cur_ops->sync(); /* Wait for running CB to complete. */
1964 		cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Wait for queued callbacks. */
1965 	}
1966 
1967 	if (selfpropcb) {
1968 		WARN_ON(READ_ONCE(fcs.stop) != 2);
1969 		destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&fcs.rh);
1970 	}
1971 	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 10); /* Let kthreads recover. */
1972 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay, false);
1973 }
1974 
1975 /* Carry out call_rcu() forward-progress testing. */
1976 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cr(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
1977 {
1978 	unsigned long cver;
1979 	unsigned long flags;
1980 	unsigned long gps;
1981 	int i;
1982 	long n_launders;
1983 	long n_launders_cb_snap;
1984 	long n_launders_sa;
1985 	long n_max_cbs;
1986 	long n_max_gps;
1987 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp;
1988 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcpn;
1989 	unsigned long stopat;
1990 	unsigned long stoppedat;
1991 
1992 	if (READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop))
1993 		return; /* Get out of the way quickly, no GP wait! */
1994 	if (!cur_ops->call)
1995 		return; /* Can't do call_rcu() fwd prog without ->call. */
1996 
1997 	/* Loop continuously posting RCU callbacks. */
1998 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay, true);
1999 	cur_ops->sync(); /* Later readers see above write. */
2000 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies);
2001 	stopat = rfp->rcu_fwd_startat + MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES;
2002 	n_launders = 0;
2003 	rfp->n_launders_cb = 0; // Hoist initialization for multi-kthread
2004 	n_launders_sa = 0;
2005 	n_max_cbs = 0;
2006 	n_max_gps = 0;
2007 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist); i++)
2008 		rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders = 0;
2009 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version);
2010 	gps = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2011 	rfp->rcu_launder_gp_seq_start = gps;
2012 	tick_dep_set_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2013 	while (time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2014 	       !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2015 	       !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2016 		rfcp = READ_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head);
2017 		rfcpn = NULL;
2018 		if (rfcp)
2019 			rfcpn = READ_ONCE(rfcp->rfc_next);
2020 		if (rfcpn) {
2021 			if (rfcp->rfc_gps >= MIN_FWD_CB_LAUNDERS &&
2022 			    ++n_max_gps >= MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED)
2023 				break;
2024 			rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head = rfcpn;
2025 			n_launders++;
2026 			n_launders_sa++;
2027 		} else {
2028 			rfcp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rfcp), GFP_KERNEL);
2029 			if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rfcp)) {
2030 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
2031 				continue;
2032 			}
2033 			n_max_cbs++;
2034 			n_launders_sa = 0;
2035 			rfcp->rfc_gps = 0;
2036 			rfcp->rfc_rfp = rfp;
2037 		}
2038 		cur_ops->call(&rfcp->rh, rcu_torture_fwd_cb_cr);
2039 		rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(n_launders + n_max_cbs);
2040 		if (tick_nohz_full_enabled()) {
2041 			local_irq_save(flags);
2042 			rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle();
2043 			local_irq_restore(flags);
2044 		}
2045 	}
2046 	stoppedat = jiffies;
2047 	n_launders_cb_snap = READ_ONCE(rfp->n_launders_cb);
2048 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version) - cver;
2049 	gps = rcutorture_seq_diff(cur_ops->get_gp_seq(), gps);
2050 	cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Wait for callbacks to be invoked. */
2051 	(void)rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(rfp);
2052 
2053 	if (!torture_must_stop() && !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) &&
2054 	    !shutdown_time_arrived()) {
2055 		WARN_ON(n_max_gps < MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED);
2056 		pr_alert("%s Duration %lu barrier: %lu pending %ld n_launders: %ld n_launders_sa: %ld n_max_gps: %ld n_max_cbs: %ld cver %ld gps %ld\n",
2057 			 __func__,
2058 			 stoppedat - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies - stoppedat,
2059 			 n_launders + n_max_cbs - n_launders_cb_snap,
2060 			 n_launders, n_launders_sa,
2061 			 n_max_gps, n_max_cbs, cver, gps);
2062 		rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(rfp);
2063 	}
2064 	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ); /* Let CBs drain. */
2065 	tick_dep_clear_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2066 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay, false);
2067 }
2068 
2069 
2070 /*
2071  * OOM notifier, but this only prints diagnostic information for the
2072  * current forward-progress test.
2073  */
2074 static int rcutorture_oom_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
2075 				 unsigned long notused, void *nfreed)
2076 {
2077 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp = rcu_fwds;
2078 
2079 	WARN(1, "%s invoked upon OOM during forward-progress testing.\n",
2080 	     __func__);
2081 	rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(rfp);
2082 	rcu_fwd_progress_check(1 + (jiffies - READ_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_startat)) / 2);
2083 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop, true);
2084 	smp_mb(); /* Emergency stop before free and wait to avoid hangs. */
2085 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n",
2086 		__func__, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(rfp));
2087 	rcu_barrier();
2088 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n",
2089 		__func__, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(rfp));
2090 	rcu_barrier();
2091 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n",
2092 		__func__, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(rfp));
2093 	smp_mb(); /* Frees before return to avoid redoing OOM. */
2094 	(*(unsigned long *)nfreed)++; /* Forward progress CBs freed! */
2095 	pr_info("%s returning after OOM processing.\n", __func__);
2096 	return NOTIFY_OK;
2097 }
2098 
2099 static struct notifier_block rcutorture_oom_nb = {
2100 	.notifier_call = rcutorture_oom_notify
2101 };
2102 
2103 /* Carry out grace-period forward-progress testing. */
2104 static int rcu_torture_fwd_prog(void *args)
2105 {
2106 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp = args;
2107 	int tested = 0;
2108 	int tested_tries = 0;
2109 
2110 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_progress task started");
2111 	rcu_bind_current_to_nocb();
2112 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP) || !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST))
2113 		set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2114 	do {
2115 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(fwd_progress_holdoff * HZ);
2116 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop, false);
2117 		register_oom_notifier(&rcutorture_oom_nb);
2118 		if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_RCU) ||
2119 		    rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended())
2120 			rcu_torture_fwd_prog_nr(rfp, &tested, &tested_tries);
2121 		if (rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended())
2122 			rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cr(rfp);
2123 		unregister_oom_notifier(&rcutorture_oom_nb);
2124 
2125 		/* Avoid slow periods, better to test when busy. */
2126 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fwd_prog");
2127 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2128 	/* Short runs might not contain a valid forward-progress attempt. */
2129 	WARN_ON(!tested && tested_tries >= 5);
2130 	pr_alert("%s: tested %d tested_tries %d\n", __func__, tested, tested_tries);
2131 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fwd_prog");
2132 	return 0;
2133 }
2134 
2135 /* If forward-progress checking is requested and feasible, spawn the thread. */
2136 static int __init rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init(void)
2137 {
2138 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
2139 
2140 	if (!fwd_progress)
2141 		return 0; /* Not requested, so don't do it. */
2142 	if (!cur_ops->stall_dur || cur_ops->stall_dur() <= 0 ||
2143 	    cur_ops == &rcu_busted_ops) {
2144 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Disabled, unsupported by RCU flavor under test");
2145 		return 0;
2146 	}
2147 	if (stall_cpu > 0) {
2148 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Disabled, conflicts with CPU-stall testing");
2149 		if (IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TESTS))
2150 			return -EINVAL; /* In module, can fail back to user. */
2151 		WARN_ON(1); /* Make sure rcutorture notices conflict. */
2152 		return 0;
2153 	}
2154 	if (fwd_progress_holdoff <= 0)
2155 		fwd_progress_holdoff = 1;
2156 	if (fwd_progress_div <= 0)
2157 		fwd_progress_div = 4;
2158 	rfp = kzalloc(sizeof(*rfp), GFP_KERNEL);
2159 	if (!rfp)
2160 		return -ENOMEM;
2161 	spin_lock_init(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock);
2162 	rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2163 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fwd_prog, rfp, fwd_prog_task);
2164 }
2165 
2166 /* Callback function for RCU barrier testing. */
2167 static void rcu_torture_barrier_cbf(struct rcu_head *rcu)
2168 {
2169 	atomic_inc(&barrier_cbs_invoked);
2170 }
2171 
2172 /* IPI handler to get callback posted on desired CPU, if online. */
2173 static void rcu_torture_barrier1cb(void *rcu_void)
2174 {
2175 	struct rcu_head *rhp = rcu_void;
2176 
2177 	cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_barrier_cbf);
2178 }
2179 
2180 /* kthread function to register callbacks used to test RCU barriers. */
2181 static int rcu_torture_barrier_cbs(void *arg)
2182 {
2183 	long myid = (long)arg;
2184 	bool lastphase = false;
2185 	bool newphase;
2186 	struct rcu_head rcu;
2187 
2188 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu);
2189 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_barrier_cbs task started");
2190 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2191 	do {
2192 		wait_event(barrier_cbs_wq[myid],
2193 			   (newphase =
2194 			    smp_load_acquire(&barrier_phase)) != lastphase ||
2195 			   torture_must_stop());
2196 		lastphase = newphase;
2197 		if (torture_must_stop())
2198 			break;
2199 		/*
2200 		 * The above smp_load_acquire() ensures barrier_phase load
2201 		 * is ordered before the following ->call().
2202 		 */
2203 		if (smp_call_function_single(myid, rcu_torture_barrier1cb,
2204 					     &rcu, 1)) {
2205 			// IPI failed, so use direct call from current CPU.
2206 			cur_ops->call(&rcu, rcu_torture_barrier_cbf);
2207 		}
2208 		if (atomic_dec_and_test(&barrier_cbs_count))
2209 			wake_up(&barrier_wq);
2210 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2211 	if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL)
2212 		cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2213 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu);
2214 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_barrier_cbs");
2215 	return 0;
2216 }
2217 
2218 /* kthread function to drive and coordinate RCU barrier testing. */
2219 static int rcu_torture_barrier(void *arg)
2220 {
2221 	int i;
2222 
2223 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_barrier task starting");
2224 	do {
2225 		atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_invoked, 0);
2226 		atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_count, n_barrier_cbs);
2227 		/* Ensure barrier_phase ordered after prior assignments. */
2228 		smp_store_release(&barrier_phase, !barrier_phase);
2229 		for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++)
2230 			wake_up(&barrier_cbs_wq[i]);
2231 		wait_event(barrier_wq,
2232 			   atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_count) == 0 ||
2233 			   torture_must_stop());
2234 		if (torture_must_stop())
2235 			break;
2236 		n_barrier_attempts++;
2237 		cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Implies smp_mb() for wait_event(). */
2238 		if (atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked) != n_barrier_cbs) {
2239 			n_rcu_torture_barrier_error++;
2240 			pr_err("barrier_cbs_invoked = %d, n_barrier_cbs = %d\n",
2241 			       atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked),
2242 			       n_barrier_cbs);
2243 			WARN_ON(1);
2244 			// Wait manually for the remaining callbacks
2245 			i = 0;
2246 			do {
2247 				if (WARN_ON(i++ > HZ))
2248 					i = INT_MIN;
2249 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
2250 				cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2251 			} while (atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked) !=
2252 				 n_barrier_cbs &&
2253 				 !torture_must_stop());
2254 			smp_mb(); // Can't trust ordering if broken.
2255 			if (!torture_must_stop())
2256 				pr_err("Recovered: barrier_cbs_invoked = %d\n",
2257 				       atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked));
2258 		} else {
2259 			n_barrier_successes++;
2260 		}
2261 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 10);
2262 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2263 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_barrier");
2264 	return 0;
2265 }
2266 
2267 /* Initialize RCU barrier testing. */
2268 static int rcu_torture_barrier_init(void)
2269 {
2270 	int i;
2271 	int ret;
2272 
2273 	if (n_barrier_cbs <= 0)
2274 		return 0;
2275 	if (cur_ops->call == NULL || cur_ops->cb_barrier == NULL) {
2276 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
2277 			 " Call or barrier ops missing for %s,\n",
2278 			 torture_type, cur_ops->name);
2279 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
2280 			 " RCU barrier testing omitted from run.\n",
2281 			 torture_type);
2282 		return 0;
2283 	}
2284 	atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_count, 0);
2285 	atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_invoked, 0);
2286 	barrier_cbs_tasks =
2287 		kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_tasks[0]),
2288 			GFP_KERNEL);
2289 	barrier_cbs_wq =
2290 		kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_wq[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
2291 	if (barrier_cbs_tasks == NULL || !barrier_cbs_wq)
2292 		return -ENOMEM;
2293 	for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++) {
2294 		init_waitqueue_head(&barrier_cbs_wq[i]);
2295 		ret = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier_cbs,
2296 					     (void *)(long)i,
2297 					     barrier_cbs_tasks[i]);
2298 		if (ret)
2299 			return ret;
2300 	}
2301 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier, NULL, barrier_task);
2302 }
2303 
2304 /* Clean up after RCU barrier testing. */
2305 static void rcu_torture_barrier_cleanup(void)
2306 {
2307 	int i;
2308 
2309 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier, barrier_task);
2310 	if (barrier_cbs_tasks != NULL) {
2311 		for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++)
2312 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier_cbs,
2313 					     barrier_cbs_tasks[i]);
2314 		kfree(barrier_cbs_tasks);
2315 		barrier_cbs_tasks = NULL;
2316 	}
2317 	if (barrier_cbs_wq != NULL) {
2318 		kfree(barrier_cbs_wq);
2319 		barrier_cbs_wq = NULL;
2320 	}
2321 }
2322 
2323 static bool rcu_torture_can_boost(void)
2324 {
2325 	static int boost_warn_once;
2326 	int prio;
2327 
2328 	if (!(test_boost == 1 && cur_ops->can_boost) && test_boost != 2)
2329 		return false;
2330 
2331 	prio = rcu_get_gp_kthreads_prio();
2332 	if (!prio)
2333 		return false;
2334 
2335 	if (prio < 2) {
2336 		if (boost_warn_once  == 1)
2337 			return false;
2338 
2339 		pr_alert("%s: WARN: RCU kthread priority too low to test boosting.  Skipping RCU boost test. Try passing rcutree.kthread_prio > 1 on the kernel command line.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
2340 		boost_warn_once = 1;
2341 		return false;
2342 	}
2343 
2344 	return true;
2345 }
2346 
2347 static bool read_exit_child_stop;
2348 static bool read_exit_child_stopped;
2349 static wait_queue_head_t read_exit_wq;
2350 
2351 // Child kthread which just does an rcutorture reader and exits.
2352 static int rcu_torture_read_exit_child(void *trsp_in)
2353 {
2354 	struct torture_random_state *trsp = trsp_in;
2355 
2356 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2357 	// Minimize time between reading and exiting.
2358 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
2359 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
2360 	(void)rcu_torture_one_read(trsp);
2361 	return 0;
2362 }
2363 
2364 // Parent kthread which creates and destroys read-exit child kthreads.
2365 static int rcu_torture_read_exit(void *unused)
2366 {
2367 	int count = 0;
2368 	bool errexit = false;
2369 	int i;
2370 	struct task_struct *tsp;
2371 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(trs);
2372 
2373 	// Allocate and initialize.
2374 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2375 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: Start of test");
2376 
2377 	// Each pass through this loop does one read-exit episode.
2378 	do {
2379 		if (++count > read_exit_burst) {
2380 			VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: End of episode");
2381 			rcu_barrier(); // Wait for task_struct free, avoid OOM.
2382 			for (i = 0; i < read_exit_delay; i++) {
2383 				schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
2384 				if (READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop))
2385 					break;
2386 			}
2387 			if (!READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop))
2388 				VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: Start of episode");
2389 			count = 0;
2390 		}
2391 		if (READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop))
2392 			break;
2393 		// Spawn child.
2394 		tsp = kthread_run(rcu_torture_read_exit_child,
2395 				     &trs, "%s",
2396 				     "rcu_torture_read_exit_child");
2397 		if (IS_ERR(tsp)) {
2398 			VERBOSE_TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
2399 			errexit = true;
2400 			tsp = NULL;
2401 			break;
2402 		}
2403 		cond_resched();
2404 		kthread_stop(tsp);
2405 		n_read_exits ++;
2406 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_read_exit");
2407 	} while (!errexit && !READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop));
2408 
2409 	// Clean up and exit.
2410 	smp_store_release(&read_exit_child_stopped, true); // After reaping.
2411 	smp_mb(); // Store before wakeup.
2412 	wake_up(&read_exit_wq);
2413 	while (!torture_must_stop())
2414 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
2415 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_read_exit");
2416 	return 0;
2417 }
2418 
2419 static int rcu_torture_read_exit_init(void)
2420 {
2421 	if (read_exit_burst <= 0)
2422 		return -EINVAL;
2423 	init_waitqueue_head(&read_exit_wq);
2424 	read_exit_child_stop = false;
2425 	read_exit_child_stopped = false;
2426 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_read_exit, NULL,
2427 				      read_exit_task);
2428 }
2429 
2430 static void rcu_torture_read_exit_cleanup(void)
2431 {
2432 	if (!read_exit_task)
2433 		return;
2434 	WRITE_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop, true);
2435 	smp_mb(); // Above write before wait.
2436 	wait_event(read_exit_wq, smp_load_acquire(&read_exit_child_stopped));
2437 	torture_stop_kthread(rcutorture_read_exit, read_exit_task);
2438 }
2439 
2440 static enum cpuhp_state rcutor_hp;
2441 
2442 static void
2443 rcu_torture_cleanup(void)
2444 {
2445 	int firsttime;
2446 	int flags = 0;
2447 	unsigned long gp_seq = 0;
2448 	int i;
2449 
2450 	if (torture_cleanup_begin()) {
2451 		if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL)
2452 			cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2453 		return;
2454 	}
2455 	if (!cur_ops) {
2456 		torture_cleanup_end();
2457 		return;
2458 	}
2459 
2460 	show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
2461 	rcu_torture_read_exit_cleanup();
2462 	rcu_torture_barrier_cleanup();
2463 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fwd_prog, fwd_prog_task);
2464 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_stall, stall_task);
2465 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_writer, writer_task);
2466 
2467 	if (reader_tasks) {
2468 		for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++)
2469 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_reader,
2470 					     reader_tasks[i]);
2471 		kfree(reader_tasks);
2472 	}
2473 
2474 	if (fakewriter_tasks) {
2475 		for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++) {
2476 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fakewriter,
2477 					     fakewriter_tasks[i]);
2478 		}
2479 		kfree(fakewriter_tasks);
2480 		fakewriter_tasks = NULL;
2481 	}
2482 
2483 	rcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, &flags, &gp_seq);
2484 	srcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, srcu_ctlp, &flags, &gp_seq);
2485 	pr_alert("%s:  End-test grace-period state: g%lu f%#x\n",
2486 		 cur_ops->name, gp_seq, flags);
2487 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_stats, stats_task);
2488 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fqs, fqs_task);
2489 	if (rcu_torture_can_boost())
2490 		cpuhp_remove_state(rcutor_hp);
2491 
2492 	/*
2493 	 * Wait for all RCU callbacks to fire, then do torture-type-specific
2494 	 * cleanup operations.
2495 	 */
2496 	if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL)
2497 		cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2498 	if (cur_ops->cleanup != NULL)
2499 		cur_ops->cleanup();
2500 
2501 	rcu_torture_stats_print();  /* -After- the stats thread is stopped! */
2502 
2503 	if (err_segs_recorded) {
2504 		pr_alert("Failure/close-call rcutorture reader segments:\n");
2505 		if (rt_read_nsegs == 0)
2506 			pr_alert("\t: No segments recorded!!!\n");
2507 		firsttime = 1;
2508 		for (i = 0; i < rt_read_nsegs; i++) {
2509 			pr_alert("\t%d: %#x ", i, err_segs[i].rt_readstate);
2510 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_jiffies != 0) {
2511 				pr_cont("%s%ldjiffies", firsttime ? "" : "+",
2512 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_jiffies);
2513 				firsttime = 0;
2514 			}
2515 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_ms != 0) {
2516 				pr_cont("%s%ldms", firsttime ? "" : "+",
2517 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_ms);
2518 				firsttime = 0;
2519 			}
2520 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_us != 0) {
2521 				pr_cont("%s%ldus", firsttime ? "" : "+",
2522 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_us);
2523 				firsttime = 0;
2524 			}
2525 			pr_cont("%s\n",
2526 				err_segs[i].rt_preempted ? "preempted" : "");
2527 
2528 		}
2529 	}
2530 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_error) || n_rcu_torture_barrier_error)
2531 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "End of test: FAILURE");
2532 	else if (torture_onoff_failures())
2533 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops,
2534 					       "End of test: RCU_HOTPLUG");
2535 	else
2536 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "End of test: SUCCESS");
2537 	torture_cleanup_end();
2538 }
2539 
2540 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD
2541 static void rcu_torture_leak_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
2542 {
2543 }
2544 
2545 static void rcu_torture_err_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
2546 {
2547 	/*
2548 	 * This -might- happen due to race conditions, but is unlikely.
2549 	 * The scenario that leads to this happening is that the
2550 	 * first of the pair of duplicate callbacks is queued,
2551 	 * someone else starts a grace period that includes that
2552 	 * callback, then the second of the pair must wait for the
2553 	 * next grace period.  Unlikely, but can happen.  If it
2554 	 * does happen, the debug-objects subsystem won't have splatted.
2555 	 */
2556 	pr_alert("%s: duplicated callback was invoked.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
2557 }
2558 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
2559 
2560 /*
2561  * Verify that double-free causes debug-objects to complain, but only
2562  * if CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD=y.  Otherwise, say that the test
2563  * cannot be carried out.
2564  */
2565 static void rcu_test_debug_objects(void)
2566 {
2567 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD
2568 	struct rcu_head rh1;
2569 	struct rcu_head rh2;
2570 
2571 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
2572 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
2573 	pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_rcu() test starting.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
2574 
2575 	/* Try to queue the rh2 pair of callbacks for the same grace period. */
2576 	preempt_disable(); /* Prevent preemption from interrupting test. */
2577 	rcu_read_lock(); /* Make it impossible to finish a grace period. */
2578 	call_rcu(&rh1, rcu_torture_leak_cb); /* Start grace period. */
2579 	local_irq_disable(); /* Make it harder to start a new grace period. */
2580 	call_rcu(&rh2, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
2581 	call_rcu(&rh2, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Duplicate callback. */
2582 	local_irq_enable();
2583 	rcu_read_unlock();
2584 	preempt_enable();
2585 
2586 	/* Wait for them all to get done so we can safely return. */
2587 	rcu_barrier();
2588 	pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_rcu() test complete.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
2589 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
2590 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
2591 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
2592 	pr_alert("%s: !CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD, not testing duplicate call_rcu()\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
2593 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
2594 }
2595 
2596 static void rcutorture_sync(void)
2597 {
2598 	static unsigned long n;
2599 
2600 	if (cur_ops->sync && !(++n & 0xfff))
2601 		cur_ops->sync();
2602 }
2603 
2604 static int __init
2605 rcu_torture_init(void)
2606 {
2607 	long i;
2608 	int cpu;
2609 	int firsterr = 0;
2610 	static struct rcu_torture_ops *torture_ops[] = {
2611 		&rcu_ops, &rcu_busted_ops, &srcu_ops, &srcud_ops,
2612 		&busted_srcud_ops, &tasks_ops, &tasks_rude_ops,
2613 		&tasks_tracing_ops, &trivial_ops,
2614 	};
2615 
2616 	if (!torture_init_begin(torture_type, verbose))
2617 		return -EBUSY;
2618 
2619 	/* Process args and tell the world that the torturer is on the job. */
2620 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++) {
2621 		cur_ops = torture_ops[i];
2622 		if (strcmp(torture_type, cur_ops->name) == 0)
2623 			break;
2624 	}
2625 	if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops)) {
2626 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: invalid torture type: \"%s\"\n",
2627 			 torture_type);
2628 		pr_alert("rcu-torture types:");
2629 		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++)
2630 			pr_cont(" %s", torture_ops[i]->name);
2631 		pr_cont("\n");
2632 		WARN_ON(!IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST));
2633 		firsterr = -EINVAL;
2634 		cur_ops = NULL;
2635 		goto unwind;
2636 	}
2637 	if (cur_ops->fqs == NULL && fqs_duration != 0) {
2638 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: ->fqs NULL and non-zero fqs_duration, fqs disabled.\n");
2639 		fqs_duration = 0;
2640 	}
2641 	if (cur_ops->init)
2642 		cur_ops->init();
2643 
2644 	if (nreaders >= 0) {
2645 		nrealreaders = nreaders;
2646 	} else {
2647 		nrealreaders = num_online_cpus() - 2 - nreaders;
2648 		if (nrealreaders <= 0)
2649 			nrealreaders = 1;
2650 	}
2651 	rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "Start of test");
2652 
2653 	/* Set up the freelist. */
2654 
2655 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_freelist);
2656 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_tortures); i++) {
2657 		rcu_tortures[i].rtort_mbtest = 0;
2658 		list_add_tail(&rcu_tortures[i].rtort_free,
2659 			      &rcu_torture_freelist);
2660 	}
2661 
2662 	/* Initialize the statistics so that each run gets its own numbers. */
2663 
2664 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;
2665 	rcu_torture_current_version = 0;
2666 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc, 0);
2667 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail, 0);
2668 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_free, 0);
2669 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mberror, 0);
2670 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_error, 0);
2671 	n_rcu_torture_barrier_error = 0;
2672 	n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror = 0;
2673 	n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror = 0;
2674 	n_rcu_torture_boost_failure = 0;
2675 	n_rcu_torture_boosts = 0;
2676 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
2677 		atomic_set(&rcu_torture_wcount[i], 0);
2678 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
2679 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
2680 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i] = 0;
2681 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i] = 0;
2682 		}
2683 	}
2684 	err_segs_recorded = 0;
2685 	rt_read_nsegs = 0;
2686 
2687 	/* Start up the kthreads. */
2688 
2689 	firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_writer, NULL,
2690 					  writer_task);
2691 	if (firsterr)
2692 		goto unwind;
2693 	if (nfakewriters > 0) {
2694 		fakewriter_tasks = kcalloc(nfakewriters,
2695 					   sizeof(fakewriter_tasks[0]),
2696 					   GFP_KERNEL);
2697 		if (fakewriter_tasks == NULL) {
2698 			VERBOSE_TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
2699 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
2700 			goto unwind;
2701 		}
2702 	}
2703 	for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++) {
2704 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fakewriter,
2705 						  NULL, fakewriter_tasks[i]);
2706 		if (firsterr)
2707 			goto unwind;
2708 	}
2709 	reader_tasks = kcalloc(nrealreaders, sizeof(reader_tasks[0]),
2710 			       GFP_KERNEL);
2711 	if (reader_tasks == NULL) {
2712 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
2713 		firsterr = -ENOMEM;
2714 		goto unwind;
2715 	}
2716 	for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++) {
2717 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_reader, (void *)i,
2718 						  reader_tasks[i]);
2719 		if (firsterr)
2720 			goto unwind;
2721 	}
2722 	if (stat_interval > 0) {
2723 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_stats, NULL,
2724 						  stats_task);
2725 		if (firsterr)
2726 			goto unwind;
2727 	}
2728 	if (test_no_idle_hz && shuffle_interval > 0) {
2729 		firsterr = torture_shuffle_init(shuffle_interval * HZ);
2730 		if (firsterr)
2731 			goto unwind;
2732 	}
2733 	if (stutter < 0)
2734 		stutter = 0;
2735 	if (stutter) {
2736 		int t;
2737 
2738 		t = cur_ops->stall_dur ? cur_ops->stall_dur() : stutter * HZ;
2739 		firsterr = torture_stutter_init(stutter * HZ, t);
2740 		if (firsterr)
2741 			goto unwind;
2742 	}
2743 	if (fqs_duration < 0)
2744 		fqs_duration = 0;
2745 	if (fqs_duration) {
2746 		/* Create the fqs thread */
2747 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fqs, NULL,
2748 						  fqs_task);
2749 		if (firsterr)
2750 			goto unwind;
2751 	}
2752 	if (test_boost_interval < 1)
2753 		test_boost_interval = 1;
2754 	if (test_boost_duration < 2)
2755 		test_boost_duration = 2;
2756 	if (rcu_torture_can_boost()) {
2757 
2758 		boost_starttime = jiffies + test_boost_interval * HZ;
2759 
2760 		firsterr = cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "RCU_TORTURE",
2761 					     rcutorture_booster_init,
2762 					     rcutorture_booster_cleanup);
2763 		if (firsterr < 0)
2764 			goto unwind;
2765 		rcutor_hp = firsterr;
2766 	}
2767 	shutdown_jiffies = jiffies + shutdown_secs * HZ;
2768 	firsterr = torture_shutdown_init(shutdown_secs, rcu_torture_cleanup);
2769 	if (firsterr)
2770 		goto unwind;
2771 	firsterr = torture_onoff_init(onoff_holdoff * HZ, onoff_interval,
2772 				      rcutorture_sync);
2773 	if (firsterr)
2774 		goto unwind;
2775 	firsterr = rcu_torture_stall_init();
2776 	if (firsterr)
2777 		goto unwind;
2778 	firsterr = rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init();
2779 	if (firsterr)
2780 		goto unwind;
2781 	firsterr = rcu_torture_barrier_init();
2782 	if (firsterr)
2783 		goto unwind;
2784 	firsterr = rcu_torture_read_exit_init();
2785 	if (firsterr)
2786 		goto unwind;
2787 	if (object_debug)
2788 		rcu_test_debug_objects();
2789 	torture_init_end();
2790 	return 0;
2791 
2792 unwind:
2793 	torture_init_end();
2794 	rcu_torture_cleanup();
2795 	return firsterr;
2796 }
2797 
2798 module_init(rcu_torture_init);
2799 module_exit(rcu_torture_cleanup);
2800