xref: /openbmc/linux/kernel/rcu/rcu_segcblist.c (revision ef22ccbc)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * RCU segmented callback lists, function definitions
4  *
5  * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2017
6  *
7  * Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
8  */
9 
10 #include <linux/cpu.h>
11 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
12 #include <linux/kernel.h>
13 #include <linux/types.h>
14 
15 #include "rcu_segcblist.h"
16 
17 /* Initialize simple callback list. */
18 void rcu_cblist_init(struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
19 {
20 	rclp->head = NULL;
21 	rclp->tail = &rclp->head;
22 	rclp->len = 0;
23 }
24 
25 /*
26  * Enqueue an rcu_head structure onto the specified callback list.
27  */
28 void rcu_cblist_enqueue(struct rcu_cblist *rclp, struct rcu_head *rhp)
29 {
30 	*rclp->tail = rhp;
31 	rclp->tail = &rhp->next;
32 	WRITE_ONCE(rclp->len, rclp->len + 1);
33 }
34 
35 /*
36  * Flush the second rcu_cblist structure onto the first one, obliterating
37  * any contents of the first.  If rhp is non-NULL, enqueue it as the sole
38  * element of the second rcu_cblist structure, but ensuring that the second
39  * rcu_cblist structure, if initially non-empty, always appears non-empty
40  * throughout the process.  If rdp is NULL, the second rcu_cblist structure
41  * is instead initialized to empty.
42  */
43 void rcu_cblist_flush_enqueue(struct rcu_cblist *drclp,
44 			      struct rcu_cblist *srclp,
45 			      struct rcu_head *rhp)
46 {
47 	drclp->head = srclp->head;
48 	if (drclp->head)
49 		drclp->tail = srclp->tail;
50 	else
51 		drclp->tail = &drclp->head;
52 	drclp->len = srclp->len;
53 	if (!rhp) {
54 		rcu_cblist_init(srclp);
55 	} else {
56 		rhp->next = NULL;
57 		srclp->head = rhp;
58 		srclp->tail = &rhp->next;
59 		WRITE_ONCE(srclp->len, 1);
60 	}
61 }
62 
63 /*
64  * Dequeue the oldest rcu_head structure from the specified callback
65  * list.
66  */
67 struct rcu_head *rcu_cblist_dequeue(struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
68 {
69 	struct rcu_head *rhp;
70 
71 	rhp = rclp->head;
72 	if (!rhp)
73 		return NULL;
74 	rclp->len--;
75 	rclp->head = rhp->next;
76 	if (!rclp->head)
77 		rclp->tail = &rclp->head;
78 	return rhp;
79 }
80 
81 /* Set the length of an rcu_segcblist structure. */
82 static void rcu_segcblist_set_len(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, long v)
83 {
84 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU
85 	atomic_long_set(&rsclp->len, v);
86 #else
87 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->len, v);
88 #endif
89 }
90 
91 /* Get the length of a segment of the rcu_segcblist structure. */
92 static long rcu_segcblist_get_seglen(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, int seg)
93 {
94 	return READ_ONCE(rsclp->seglen[seg]);
95 }
96 
97 /* Return number of callbacks in segmented callback list by summing seglen. */
98 long rcu_segcblist_n_segment_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
99 {
100 	long len = 0;
101 	int i;
102 
103 	for (i = RCU_DONE_TAIL; i < RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS; i++)
104 		len += rcu_segcblist_get_seglen(rsclp, i);
105 
106 	return len;
107 }
108 
109 /* Set the length of a segment of the rcu_segcblist structure. */
110 static void rcu_segcblist_set_seglen(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, int seg, long v)
111 {
112 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->seglen[seg], v);
113 }
114 
115 /* Increase the numeric length of a segment by a specified amount. */
116 static void rcu_segcblist_add_seglen(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, int seg, long v)
117 {
118 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->seglen[seg], rsclp->seglen[seg] + v);
119 }
120 
121 /* Move from's segment length to to's segment. */
122 static void rcu_segcblist_move_seglen(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, int from, int to)
123 {
124 	long len;
125 
126 	if (from == to)
127 		return;
128 
129 	len = rcu_segcblist_get_seglen(rsclp, from);
130 	if (!len)
131 		return;
132 
133 	rcu_segcblist_add_seglen(rsclp, to, len);
134 	rcu_segcblist_set_seglen(rsclp, from, 0);
135 }
136 
137 /* Increment segment's length. */
138 static void rcu_segcblist_inc_seglen(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, int seg)
139 {
140 	rcu_segcblist_add_seglen(rsclp, seg, 1);
141 }
142 
143 /*
144  * Increase the numeric length of an rcu_segcblist structure by the
145  * specified amount, which can be negative.  This can cause the ->len
146  * field to disagree with the actual number of callbacks on the structure.
147  * This increase is fully ordered with respect to the callers accesses
148  * both before and after.
149  *
150  * So why on earth is a memory barrier required both before and after
151  * the update to the ->len field???
152  *
153  * The reason is that rcu_barrier() locklessly samples each CPU's ->len
154  * field, and if a given CPU's field is zero, avoids IPIing that CPU.
155  * This can of course race with both queuing and invoking of callbacks.
156  * Failing to correctly handle either of these races could result in
157  * rcu_barrier() failing to IPI a CPU that actually had callbacks queued
158  * which rcu_barrier() was obligated to wait on.  And if rcu_barrier()
159  * failed to wait on such a callback, unloading certain kernel modules
160  * would result in calls to functions whose code was no longer present in
161  * the kernel, for but one example.
162  *
163  * Therefore, ->len transitions from 1->0 and 0->1 have to be carefully
164  * ordered with respect with both list modifications and the rcu_barrier().
165  *
166  * The queuing case is CASE 1 and the invoking case is CASE 2.
167  *
168  * CASE 1: Suppose that CPU 0 has no callbacks queued, but invokes
169  * call_rcu() just as CPU 1 invokes rcu_barrier().  CPU 0's ->len field
170  * will transition from 0->1, which is one of the transitions that must
171  * be handled carefully.  Without the full memory barriers after the ->len
172  * update and at the beginning of rcu_barrier(), the following could happen:
173  *
174  * CPU 0				CPU 1
175  *
176  * call_rcu().
177  *					rcu_barrier() sees ->len as 0.
178  * set ->len = 1.
179  *					rcu_barrier() does nothing.
180  *					module is unloaded.
181  * callback invokes unloaded function!
182  *
183  * With the full barriers, any case where rcu_barrier() sees ->len as 0 will
184  * have unambiguously preceded the return from the racing call_rcu(), which
185  * means that this call_rcu() invocation is OK to not wait on.  After all,
186  * you are supposed to make sure that any problematic call_rcu() invocations
187  * happen before the rcu_barrier().
188  *
189  *
190  * CASE 2: Suppose that CPU 0 is invoking its last callback just as
191  * CPU 1 invokes rcu_barrier().  CPU 0's ->len field will transition from
192  * 1->0, which is one of the transitions that must be handled carefully.
193  * Without the full memory barriers before the ->len update and at the
194  * end of rcu_barrier(), the following could happen:
195  *
196  * CPU 0				CPU 1
197  *
198  * start invoking last callback
199  * set ->len = 0 (reordered)
200  *					rcu_barrier() sees ->len as 0
201  *					rcu_barrier() does nothing.
202  *					module is unloaded
203  * callback executing after unloaded!
204  *
205  * With the full barriers, any case where rcu_barrier() sees ->len as 0
206  * will be fully ordered after the completion of the callback function,
207  * so that the module unloading operation is completely safe.
208  *
209  */
210 void rcu_segcblist_add_len(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, long v)
211 {
212 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU
213 	smp_mb__before_atomic(); // Read header comment above.
214 	atomic_long_add(v, &rsclp->len);
215 	smp_mb__after_atomic();  // Read header comment above.
216 #else
217 	smp_mb(); // Read header comment above.
218 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->len, rsclp->len + v);
219 	smp_mb(); // Read header comment above.
220 #endif
221 }
222 
223 /*
224  * Increase the numeric length of an rcu_segcblist structure by one.
225  * This can cause the ->len field to disagree with the actual number of
226  * callbacks on the structure.  This increase is fully ordered with respect
227  * to the callers accesses both before and after.
228  */
229 void rcu_segcblist_inc_len(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
230 {
231 	rcu_segcblist_add_len(rsclp, 1);
232 }
233 
234 /*
235  * Initialize an rcu_segcblist structure.
236  */
237 void rcu_segcblist_init(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
238 {
239 	int i;
240 
241 	BUILD_BUG_ON(RCU_NEXT_TAIL + 1 != ARRAY_SIZE(rsclp->gp_seq));
242 	BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(rsclp->tails) != ARRAY_SIZE(rsclp->gp_seq));
243 	rsclp->head = NULL;
244 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS; i++) {
245 		rsclp->tails[i] = &rsclp->head;
246 		rcu_segcblist_set_seglen(rsclp, i, 0);
247 	}
248 	rcu_segcblist_set_len(rsclp, 0);
249 	rcu_segcblist_set_flags(rsclp, SEGCBLIST_ENABLED);
250 }
251 
252 /*
253  * Disable the specified rcu_segcblist structure, so that callbacks can
254  * no longer be posted to it.  This structure must be empty.
255  */
256 void rcu_segcblist_disable(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
257 {
258 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_segcblist_empty(rsclp));
259 	WARN_ON_ONCE(rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(rsclp));
260 	rcu_segcblist_clear_flags(rsclp, SEGCBLIST_ENABLED);
261 }
262 
263 /*
264  * Mark the specified rcu_segcblist structure as offloaded.
265  */
266 void rcu_segcblist_offload(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, bool offload)
267 {
268 	if (offload) {
269 		rcu_segcblist_clear_flags(rsclp, SEGCBLIST_SOFTIRQ_ONLY);
270 		rcu_segcblist_set_flags(rsclp, SEGCBLIST_OFFLOADED);
271 	} else {
272 		rcu_segcblist_clear_flags(rsclp, SEGCBLIST_OFFLOADED);
273 	}
274 }
275 
276 /*
277  * Does the specified rcu_segcblist structure contain callbacks that
278  * are ready to be invoked?
279  */
280 bool rcu_segcblist_ready_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
281 {
282 	return rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp) &&
283 	       &rsclp->head != READ_ONCE(rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL]);
284 }
285 
286 /*
287  * Does the specified rcu_segcblist structure contain callbacks that
288  * are still pending, that is, not yet ready to be invoked?
289  */
290 bool rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
291 {
292 	return rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp) &&
293 	       !rcu_segcblist_restempty(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL);
294 }
295 
296 /*
297  * Return a pointer to the first callback in the specified rcu_segcblist
298  * structure.  This is useful for diagnostics.
299  */
300 struct rcu_head *rcu_segcblist_first_cb(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
301 {
302 	if (rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp))
303 		return rsclp->head;
304 	return NULL;
305 }
306 
307 /*
308  * Return a pointer to the first pending callback in the specified
309  * rcu_segcblist structure.  This is useful just after posting a given
310  * callback -- if that callback is the first pending callback, then
311  * you cannot rely on someone else having already started up the required
312  * grace period.
313  */
314 struct rcu_head *rcu_segcblist_first_pend_cb(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
315 {
316 	if (rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp))
317 		return *rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL];
318 	return NULL;
319 }
320 
321 /*
322  * Return false if there are no CBs awaiting grace periods, otherwise,
323  * return true and store the nearest waited-upon grace period into *lp.
324  */
325 bool rcu_segcblist_nextgp(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, unsigned long *lp)
326 {
327 	if (!rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(rsclp))
328 		return false;
329 	*lp = rsclp->gp_seq[RCU_WAIT_TAIL];
330 	return true;
331 }
332 
333 /*
334  * Enqueue the specified callback onto the specified rcu_segcblist
335  * structure, updating accounting as needed.  Note that the ->len
336  * field may be accessed locklessly, hence the WRITE_ONCE().
337  * The ->len field is used by rcu_barrier() and friends to determine
338  * if it must post a callback on this structure, and it is OK
339  * for rcu_barrier() to sometimes post callbacks needlessly, but
340  * absolutely not OK for it to ever miss posting a callback.
341  */
342 void rcu_segcblist_enqueue(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
343 			   struct rcu_head *rhp)
344 {
345 	rcu_segcblist_inc_len(rsclp);
346 	rcu_segcblist_inc_seglen(rsclp, RCU_NEXT_TAIL);
347 	rhp->next = NULL;
348 	WRITE_ONCE(*rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL], rhp);
349 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL], &rhp->next);
350 }
351 
352 /*
353  * Entrain the specified callback onto the specified rcu_segcblist at
354  * the end of the last non-empty segment.  If the entire rcu_segcblist
355  * is empty, make no change, but return false.
356  *
357  * This is intended for use by rcu_barrier()-like primitives, -not-
358  * for normal grace-period use.  IMPORTANT:  The callback you enqueue
359  * will wait for all prior callbacks, NOT necessarily for a grace
360  * period.  You have been warned.
361  */
362 bool rcu_segcblist_entrain(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
363 			   struct rcu_head *rhp)
364 {
365 	int i;
366 
367 	if (rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(rsclp) == 0)
368 		return false;
369 	rcu_segcblist_inc_len(rsclp);
370 	smp_mb(); /* Ensure counts are updated before callback is entrained. */
371 	rhp->next = NULL;
372 	for (i = RCU_NEXT_TAIL; i > RCU_DONE_TAIL; i--)
373 		if (rsclp->tails[i] != rsclp->tails[i - 1])
374 			break;
375 	rcu_segcblist_inc_seglen(rsclp, i);
376 	WRITE_ONCE(*rsclp->tails[i], rhp);
377 	for (; i <= RCU_NEXT_TAIL; i++)
378 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[i], &rhp->next);
379 	return true;
380 }
381 
382 /*
383  * Extract only those callbacks ready to be invoked from the specified
384  * rcu_segcblist structure and place them in the specified rcu_cblist
385  * structure.
386  */
387 void rcu_segcblist_extract_done_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
388 				    struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
389 {
390 	int i;
391 
392 	if (!rcu_segcblist_ready_cbs(rsclp))
393 		return; /* Nothing to do. */
394 	rclp->len = rcu_segcblist_get_seglen(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL);
395 	*rclp->tail = rsclp->head;
396 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->head, *rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL]);
397 	WRITE_ONCE(*rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL], NULL);
398 	rclp->tail = rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL];
399 	for (i = RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS - 1; i >= RCU_DONE_TAIL; i--)
400 		if (rsclp->tails[i] == rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL])
401 			WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[i], &rsclp->head);
402 	rcu_segcblist_set_seglen(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL, 0);
403 }
404 
405 /*
406  * Extract only those callbacks still pending (not yet ready to be
407  * invoked) from the specified rcu_segcblist structure and place them in
408  * the specified rcu_cblist structure.  Note that this loses information
409  * about any callbacks that might have been partway done waiting for
410  * their grace period.  Too bad!  They will have to start over.
411  */
412 void rcu_segcblist_extract_pend_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
413 				    struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
414 {
415 	int i;
416 
417 	if (!rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(rsclp))
418 		return; /* Nothing to do. */
419 	rclp->len = 0;
420 	*rclp->tail = *rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL];
421 	rclp->tail = rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL];
422 	WRITE_ONCE(*rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL], NULL);
423 	for (i = RCU_DONE_TAIL + 1; i < RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS; i++) {
424 		rclp->len += rcu_segcblist_get_seglen(rsclp, i);
425 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[i], rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL]);
426 		rcu_segcblist_set_seglen(rsclp, i, 0);
427 	}
428 }
429 
430 /*
431  * Insert counts from the specified rcu_cblist structure in the
432  * specified rcu_segcblist structure.
433  */
434 void rcu_segcblist_insert_count(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
435 				struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
436 {
437 	rcu_segcblist_add_len(rsclp, rclp->len);
438 }
439 
440 /*
441  * Move callbacks from the specified rcu_cblist to the beginning of the
442  * done-callbacks segment of the specified rcu_segcblist.
443  */
444 void rcu_segcblist_insert_done_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
445 				   struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
446 {
447 	int i;
448 
449 	if (!rclp->head)
450 		return; /* No callbacks to move. */
451 	rcu_segcblist_add_seglen(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL, rclp->len);
452 	*rclp->tail = rsclp->head;
453 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->head, rclp->head);
454 	for (i = RCU_DONE_TAIL; i < RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS; i++)
455 		if (&rsclp->head == rsclp->tails[i])
456 			WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[i], rclp->tail);
457 		else
458 			break;
459 	rclp->head = NULL;
460 	rclp->tail = &rclp->head;
461 }
462 
463 /*
464  * Move callbacks from the specified rcu_cblist to the end of the
465  * new-callbacks segment of the specified rcu_segcblist.
466  */
467 void rcu_segcblist_insert_pend_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
468 				   struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
469 {
470 	if (!rclp->head)
471 		return; /* Nothing to do. */
472 
473 	rcu_segcblist_add_seglen(rsclp, RCU_NEXT_TAIL, rclp->len);
474 	WRITE_ONCE(*rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL], rclp->head);
475 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL], rclp->tail);
476 }
477 
478 /*
479  * Advance the callbacks in the specified rcu_segcblist structure based
480  * on the current value passed in for the grace-period counter.
481  */
482 void rcu_segcblist_advance(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, unsigned long seq)
483 {
484 	int i, j;
485 
486 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp));
487 	if (rcu_segcblist_restempty(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL))
488 		return;
489 
490 	/*
491 	 * Find all callbacks whose ->gp_seq numbers indicate that they
492 	 * are ready to invoke, and put them into the RCU_DONE_TAIL segment.
493 	 */
494 	for (i = RCU_WAIT_TAIL; i < RCU_NEXT_TAIL; i++) {
495 		if (ULONG_CMP_LT(seq, rsclp->gp_seq[i]))
496 			break;
497 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL], rsclp->tails[i]);
498 		rcu_segcblist_move_seglen(rsclp, i, RCU_DONE_TAIL);
499 	}
500 
501 	/* If no callbacks moved, nothing more need be done. */
502 	if (i == RCU_WAIT_TAIL)
503 		return;
504 
505 	/* Clean up tail pointers that might have been misordered above. */
506 	for (j = RCU_WAIT_TAIL; j < i; j++)
507 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[j], rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL]);
508 
509 	/*
510 	 * Callbacks moved, so clean up the misordered ->tails[] pointers
511 	 * that now point into the middle of the list of ready-to-invoke
512 	 * callbacks.  The overall effect is to copy down the later pointers
513 	 * into the gap that was created by the now-ready segments.
514 	 */
515 	for (j = RCU_WAIT_TAIL; i < RCU_NEXT_TAIL; i++, j++) {
516 		if (rsclp->tails[j] == rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL])
517 			break;  /* No more callbacks. */
518 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[j], rsclp->tails[i]);
519 		rcu_segcblist_move_seglen(rsclp, i, j);
520 		rsclp->gp_seq[j] = rsclp->gp_seq[i];
521 	}
522 }
523 
524 /*
525  * "Accelerate" callbacks based on more-accurate grace-period information.
526  * The reason for this is that RCU does not synchronize the beginnings and
527  * ends of grace periods, and that callbacks are posted locally.  This in
528  * turn means that the callbacks must be labelled conservatively early
529  * on, as getting exact information would degrade both performance and
530  * scalability.  When more accurate grace-period information becomes
531  * available, previously posted callbacks can be "accelerated", marking
532  * them to complete at the end of the earlier grace period.
533  *
534  * This function operates on an rcu_segcblist structure, and also the
535  * grace-period sequence number seq at which new callbacks would become
536  * ready to invoke.  Returns true if there are callbacks that won't be
537  * ready to invoke until seq, false otherwise.
538  */
539 bool rcu_segcblist_accelerate(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, unsigned long seq)
540 {
541 	int i, j;
542 
543 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp));
544 	if (rcu_segcblist_restempty(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL))
545 		return false;
546 
547 	/*
548 	 * Find the segment preceding the oldest segment of callbacks
549 	 * whose ->gp_seq[] completion is at or after that passed in via
550 	 * "seq", skipping any empty segments.  This oldest segment, along
551 	 * with any later segments, can be merged in with any newly arrived
552 	 * callbacks in the RCU_NEXT_TAIL segment, and assigned "seq"
553 	 * as their ->gp_seq[] grace-period completion sequence number.
554 	 */
555 	for (i = RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL; i > RCU_DONE_TAIL; i--)
556 		if (rsclp->tails[i] != rsclp->tails[i - 1] &&
557 		    ULONG_CMP_LT(rsclp->gp_seq[i], seq))
558 			break;
559 
560 	/*
561 	 * If all the segments contain callbacks that correspond to
562 	 * earlier grace-period sequence numbers than "seq", leave.
563 	 * Assuming that the rcu_segcblist structure has enough
564 	 * segments in its arrays, this can only happen if some of
565 	 * the non-done segments contain callbacks that really are
566 	 * ready to invoke.  This situation will get straightened
567 	 * out by the next call to rcu_segcblist_advance().
568 	 *
569 	 * Also advance to the oldest segment of callbacks whose
570 	 * ->gp_seq[] completion is at or after that passed in via "seq",
571 	 * skipping any empty segments.
572 	 *
573 	 * Note that segment "i" (and any lower-numbered segments
574 	 * containing older callbacks) will be unaffected, and their
575 	 * grace-period numbers remain unchanged.  For example, if i ==
576 	 * WAIT_TAIL, then neither WAIT_TAIL nor DONE_TAIL will be touched.
577 	 * Instead, the CBs in NEXT_TAIL will be merged with those in
578 	 * NEXT_READY_TAIL and the grace-period number of NEXT_READY_TAIL
579 	 * would be updated.  NEXT_TAIL would then be empty.
580 	 */
581 	if (rcu_segcblist_restempty(rsclp, i) || ++i >= RCU_NEXT_TAIL)
582 		return false;
583 
584 	/* Accounting: everything below i is about to get merged into i. */
585 	for (j = i + 1; j <= RCU_NEXT_TAIL; j++)
586 		rcu_segcblist_move_seglen(rsclp, j, i);
587 
588 	/*
589 	 * Merge all later callbacks, including newly arrived callbacks,
590 	 * into the segment located by the for-loop above.  Assign "seq"
591 	 * as the ->gp_seq[] value in order to correctly handle the case
592 	 * where there were no pending callbacks in the rcu_segcblist
593 	 * structure other than in the RCU_NEXT_TAIL segment.
594 	 */
595 	for (; i < RCU_NEXT_TAIL; i++) {
596 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[i], rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL]);
597 		rsclp->gp_seq[i] = seq;
598 	}
599 	return true;
600 }
601 
602 /*
603  * Merge the source rcu_segcblist structure into the destination
604  * rcu_segcblist structure, then initialize the source.  Any pending
605  * callbacks from the source get to start over.  It is best to
606  * advance and accelerate both the destination and the source
607  * before merging.
608  */
609 void rcu_segcblist_merge(struct rcu_segcblist *dst_rsclp,
610 			 struct rcu_segcblist *src_rsclp)
611 {
612 	struct rcu_cblist donecbs;
613 	struct rcu_cblist pendcbs;
614 
615 	lockdep_assert_cpus_held();
616 
617 	rcu_cblist_init(&donecbs);
618 	rcu_cblist_init(&pendcbs);
619 
620 	rcu_segcblist_extract_done_cbs(src_rsclp, &donecbs);
621 	rcu_segcblist_extract_pend_cbs(src_rsclp, &pendcbs);
622 
623 	/*
624 	 * No need smp_mb() before setting length to 0, because CPU hotplug
625 	 * lock excludes rcu_barrier.
626 	 */
627 	rcu_segcblist_set_len(src_rsclp, 0);
628 
629 	rcu_segcblist_insert_count(dst_rsclp, &donecbs);
630 	rcu_segcblist_insert_count(dst_rsclp, &pendcbs);
631 	rcu_segcblist_insert_done_cbs(dst_rsclp, &donecbs);
632 	rcu_segcblist_insert_pend_cbs(dst_rsclp, &pendcbs);
633 
634 	rcu_segcblist_init(src_rsclp);
635 }
636