xref: /openbmc/linux/kernel/rcu/rcu_segcblist.c (revision 6197e5b7)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * RCU segmented callback lists, function definitions
4  *
5  * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2017
6  *
7  * Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
8  */
9 
10 #include <linux/cpu.h>
11 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
12 #include <linux/kernel.h>
13 #include <linux/types.h>
14 
15 #include "rcu_segcblist.h"
16 
17 /* Initialize simple callback list. */
18 void rcu_cblist_init(struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
19 {
20 	rclp->head = NULL;
21 	rclp->tail = &rclp->head;
22 	rclp->len = 0;
23 }
24 
25 /*
26  * Enqueue an rcu_head structure onto the specified callback list.
27  */
28 void rcu_cblist_enqueue(struct rcu_cblist *rclp, struct rcu_head *rhp)
29 {
30 	*rclp->tail = rhp;
31 	rclp->tail = &rhp->next;
32 	WRITE_ONCE(rclp->len, rclp->len + 1);
33 }
34 
35 /*
36  * Flush the second rcu_cblist structure onto the first one, obliterating
37  * any contents of the first.  If rhp is non-NULL, enqueue it as the sole
38  * element of the second rcu_cblist structure, but ensuring that the second
39  * rcu_cblist structure, if initially non-empty, always appears non-empty
40  * throughout the process.  If rdp is NULL, the second rcu_cblist structure
41  * is instead initialized to empty.
42  */
43 void rcu_cblist_flush_enqueue(struct rcu_cblist *drclp,
44 			      struct rcu_cblist *srclp,
45 			      struct rcu_head *rhp)
46 {
47 	drclp->head = srclp->head;
48 	if (drclp->head)
49 		drclp->tail = srclp->tail;
50 	else
51 		drclp->tail = &drclp->head;
52 	drclp->len = srclp->len;
53 	if (!rhp) {
54 		rcu_cblist_init(srclp);
55 	} else {
56 		rhp->next = NULL;
57 		srclp->head = rhp;
58 		srclp->tail = &rhp->next;
59 		WRITE_ONCE(srclp->len, 1);
60 	}
61 }
62 
63 /*
64  * Dequeue the oldest rcu_head structure from the specified callback
65  * list.
66  */
67 struct rcu_head *rcu_cblist_dequeue(struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
68 {
69 	struct rcu_head *rhp;
70 
71 	rhp = rclp->head;
72 	if (!rhp)
73 		return NULL;
74 	rclp->len--;
75 	rclp->head = rhp->next;
76 	if (!rclp->head)
77 		rclp->tail = &rclp->head;
78 	return rhp;
79 }
80 
81 /* Set the length of an rcu_segcblist structure. */
82 static void rcu_segcblist_set_len(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, long v)
83 {
84 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU
85 	atomic_long_set(&rsclp->len, v);
86 #else
87 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->len, v);
88 #endif
89 }
90 
91 /* Get the length of a segment of the rcu_segcblist structure. */
92 static long rcu_segcblist_get_seglen(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, int seg)
93 {
94 	return READ_ONCE(rsclp->seglen[seg]);
95 }
96 
97 /* Return number of callbacks in segmented callback list by summing seglen. */
98 long rcu_segcblist_n_segment_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
99 {
100 	long len = 0;
101 	int i;
102 
103 	for (i = RCU_DONE_TAIL; i < RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS; i++)
104 		len += rcu_segcblist_get_seglen(rsclp, i);
105 
106 	return len;
107 }
108 
109 /* Set the length of a segment of the rcu_segcblist structure. */
110 static void rcu_segcblist_set_seglen(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, int seg, long v)
111 {
112 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->seglen[seg], v);
113 }
114 
115 /* Increase the numeric length of a segment by a specified amount. */
116 static void rcu_segcblist_add_seglen(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, int seg, long v)
117 {
118 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->seglen[seg], rsclp->seglen[seg] + v);
119 }
120 
121 /* Move from's segment length to to's segment. */
122 static void rcu_segcblist_move_seglen(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, int from, int to)
123 {
124 	long len;
125 
126 	if (from == to)
127 		return;
128 
129 	len = rcu_segcblist_get_seglen(rsclp, from);
130 	if (!len)
131 		return;
132 
133 	rcu_segcblist_add_seglen(rsclp, to, len);
134 	rcu_segcblist_set_seglen(rsclp, from, 0);
135 }
136 
137 /* Increment segment's length. */
138 static void rcu_segcblist_inc_seglen(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, int seg)
139 {
140 	rcu_segcblist_add_seglen(rsclp, seg, 1);
141 }
142 
143 /*
144  * Increase the numeric length of an rcu_segcblist structure by the
145  * specified amount, which can be negative.  This can cause the ->len
146  * field to disagree with the actual number of callbacks on the structure.
147  * This increase is fully ordered with respect to the callers accesses
148  * both before and after.
149  *
150  * So why on earth is a memory barrier required both before and after
151  * the update to the ->len field???
152  *
153  * The reason is that rcu_barrier() locklessly samples each CPU's ->len
154  * field, and if a given CPU's field is zero, avoids IPIing that CPU.
155  * This can of course race with both queuing and invoking of callbacks.
156  * Failing to correctly handle either of these races could result in
157  * rcu_barrier() failing to IPI a CPU that actually had callbacks queued
158  * which rcu_barrier() was obligated to wait on.  And if rcu_barrier()
159  * failed to wait on such a callback, unloading certain kernel modules
160  * would result in calls to functions whose code was no longer present in
161  * the kernel, for but one example.
162  *
163  * Therefore, ->len transitions from 1->0 and 0->1 have to be carefully
164  * ordered with respect with both list modifications and the rcu_barrier().
165  *
166  * The queuing case is CASE 1 and the invoking case is CASE 2.
167  *
168  * CASE 1: Suppose that CPU 0 has no callbacks queued, but invokes
169  * call_rcu() just as CPU 1 invokes rcu_barrier().  CPU 0's ->len field
170  * will transition from 0->1, which is one of the transitions that must
171  * be handled carefully.  Without the full memory barriers after the ->len
172  * update and at the beginning of rcu_barrier(), the following could happen:
173  *
174  * CPU 0				CPU 1
175  *
176  * call_rcu().
177  *					rcu_barrier() sees ->len as 0.
178  * set ->len = 1.
179  *					rcu_barrier() does nothing.
180  *					module is unloaded.
181  * callback invokes unloaded function!
182  *
183  * With the full barriers, any case where rcu_barrier() sees ->len as 0 will
184  * have unambiguously preceded the return from the racing call_rcu(), which
185  * means that this call_rcu() invocation is OK to not wait on.  After all,
186  * you are supposed to make sure that any problematic call_rcu() invocations
187  * happen before the rcu_barrier().
188  *
189  *
190  * CASE 2: Suppose that CPU 0 is invoking its last callback just as
191  * CPU 1 invokes rcu_barrier().  CPU 0's ->len field will transition from
192  * 1->0, which is one of the transitions that must be handled carefully.
193  * Without the full memory barriers before the ->len update and at the
194  * end of rcu_barrier(), the following could happen:
195  *
196  * CPU 0				CPU 1
197  *
198  * start invoking last callback
199  * set ->len = 0 (reordered)
200  *					rcu_barrier() sees ->len as 0
201  *					rcu_barrier() does nothing.
202  *					module is unloaded
203  * callback executing after unloaded!
204  *
205  * With the full barriers, any case where rcu_barrier() sees ->len as 0
206  * will be fully ordered after the completion of the callback function,
207  * so that the module unloading operation is completely safe.
208  *
209  */
210 void rcu_segcblist_add_len(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, long v)
211 {
212 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU
213 	smp_mb__before_atomic(); // Read header comment above.
214 	atomic_long_add(v, &rsclp->len);
215 	smp_mb__after_atomic();  // Read header comment above.
216 #else
217 	smp_mb(); // Read header comment above.
218 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->len, rsclp->len + v);
219 	smp_mb(); // Read header comment above.
220 #endif
221 }
222 
223 /*
224  * Increase the numeric length of an rcu_segcblist structure by one.
225  * This can cause the ->len field to disagree with the actual number of
226  * callbacks on the structure.  This increase is fully ordered with respect
227  * to the callers accesses both before and after.
228  */
229 void rcu_segcblist_inc_len(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
230 {
231 	rcu_segcblist_add_len(rsclp, 1);
232 }
233 
234 /*
235  * Initialize an rcu_segcblist structure.
236  */
237 void rcu_segcblist_init(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
238 {
239 	int i;
240 
241 	BUILD_BUG_ON(RCU_NEXT_TAIL + 1 != ARRAY_SIZE(rsclp->gp_seq));
242 	BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(rsclp->tails) != ARRAY_SIZE(rsclp->gp_seq));
243 	rsclp->head = NULL;
244 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS; i++) {
245 		rsclp->tails[i] = &rsclp->head;
246 		rcu_segcblist_set_seglen(rsclp, i, 0);
247 	}
248 	rcu_segcblist_set_len(rsclp, 0);
249 	rcu_segcblist_set_flags(rsclp, SEGCBLIST_ENABLED);
250 }
251 
252 /*
253  * Disable the specified rcu_segcblist structure, so that callbacks can
254  * no longer be posted to it.  This structure must be empty.
255  */
256 void rcu_segcblist_disable(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
257 {
258 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_segcblist_empty(rsclp));
259 	WARN_ON_ONCE(rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(rsclp));
260 	rcu_segcblist_clear_flags(rsclp, SEGCBLIST_ENABLED);
261 }
262 
263 /*
264  * Mark the specified rcu_segcblist structure as offloaded.  This
265  * structure must be empty.
266  */
267 void rcu_segcblist_offload(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, bool offload)
268 {
269 	if (offload) {
270 		rcu_segcblist_clear_flags(rsclp, SEGCBLIST_SOFTIRQ_ONLY);
271 		rcu_segcblist_set_flags(rsclp, SEGCBLIST_OFFLOADED);
272 	} else {
273 		rcu_segcblist_clear_flags(rsclp, SEGCBLIST_OFFLOADED);
274 	}
275 }
276 
277 /*
278  * Does the specified rcu_segcblist structure contain callbacks that
279  * are ready to be invoked?
280  */
281 bool rcu_segcblist_ready_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
282 {
283 	return rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp) &&
284 	       &rsclp->head != READ_ONCE(rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL]);
285 }
286 
287 /*
288  * Does the specified rcu_segcblist structure contain callbacks that
289  * are still pending, that is, not yet ready to be invoked?
290  */
291 bool rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
292 {
293 	return rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp) &&
294 	       !rcu_segcblist_restempty(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL);
295 }
296 
297 /*
298  * Return a pointer to the first callback in the specified rcu_segcblist
299  * structure.  This is useful for diagnostics.
300  */
301 struct rcu_head *rcu_segcblist_first_cb(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
302 {
303 	if (rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp))
304 		return rsclp->head;
305 	return NULL;
306 }
307 
308 /*
309  * Return a pointer to the first pending callback in the specified
310  * rcu_segcblist structure.  This is useful just after posting a given
311  * callback -- if that callback is the first pending callback, then
312  * you cannot rely on someone else having already started up the required
313  * grace period.
314  */
315 struct rcu_head *rcu_segcblist_first_pend_cb(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
316 {
317 	if (rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp))
318 		return *rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL];
319 	return NULL;
320 }
321 
322 /*
323  * Return false if there are no CBs awaiting grace periods, otherwise,
324  * return true and store the nearest waited-upon grace period into *lp.
325  */
326 bool rcu_segcblist_nextgp(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, unsigned long *lp)
327 {
328 	if (!rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(rsclp))
329 		return false;
330 	*lp = rsclp->gp_seq[RCU_WAIT_TAIL];
331 	return true;
332 }
333 
334 /*
335  * Enqueue the specified callback onto the specified rcu_segcblist
336  * structure, updating accounting as needed.  Note that the ->len
337  * field may be accessed locklessly, hence the WRITE_ONCE().
338  * The ->len field is used by rcu_barrier() and friends to determine
339  * if it must post a callback on this structure, and it is OK
340  * for rcu_barrier() to sometimes post callbacks needlessly, but
341  * absolutely not OK for it to ever miss posting a callback.
342  */
343 void rcu_segcblist_enqueue(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
344 			   struct rcu_head *rhp)
345 {
346 	rcu_segcblist_inc_len(rsclp);
347 	rcu_segcblist_inc_seglen(rsclp, RCU_NEXT_TAIL);
348 	rhp->next = NULL;
349 	WRITE_ONCE(*rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL], rhp);
350 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL], &rhp->next);
351 }
352 
353 /*
354  * Entrain the specified callback onto the specified rcu_segcblist at
355  * the end of the last non-empty segment.  If the entire rcu_segcblist
356  * is empty, make no change, but return false.
357  *
358  * This is intended for use by rcu_barrier()-like primitives, -not-
359  * for normal grace-period use.  IMPORTANT:  The callback you enqueue
360  * will wait for all prior callbacks, NOT necessarily for a grace
361  * period.  You have been warned.
362  */
363 bool rcu_segcblist_entrain(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
364 			   struct rcu_head *rhp)
365 {
366 	int i;
367 
368 	if (rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(rsclp) == 0)
369 		return false;
370 	rcu_segcblist_inc_len(rsclp);
371 	smp_mb(); /* Ensure counts are updated before callback is entrained. */
372 	rhp->next = NULL;
373 	for (i = RCU_NEXT_TAIL; i > RCU_DONE_TAIL; i--)
374 		if (rsclp->tails[i] != rsclp->tails[i - 1])
375 			break;
376 	rcu_segcblist_inc_seglen(rsclp, i);
377 	WRITE_ONCE(*rsclp->tails[i], rhp);
378 	for (; i <= RCU_NEXT_TAIL; i++)
379 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[i], &rhp->next);
380 	return true;
381 }
382 
383 /*
384  * Extract only those callbacks ready to be invoked from the specified
385  * rcu_segcblist structure and place them in the specified rcu_cblist
386  * structure.
387  */
388 void rcu_segcblist_extract_done_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
389 				    struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
390 {
391 	int i;
392 
393 	if (!rcu_segcblist_ready_cbs(rsclp))
394 		return; /* Nothing to do. */
395 	rclp->len = rcu_segcblist_get_seglen(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL);
396 	*rclp->tail = rsclp->head;
397 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->head, *rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL]);
398 	WRITE_ONCE(*rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL], NULL);
399 	rclp->tail = rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL];
400 	for (i = RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS - 1; i >= RCU_DONE_TAIL; i--)
401 		if (rsclp->tails[i] == rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL])
402 			WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[i], &rsclp->head);
403 	rcu_segcblist_set_seglen(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL, 0);
404 }
405 
406 /*
407  * Extract only those callbacks still pending (not yet ready to be
408  * invoked) from the specified rcu_segcblist structure and place them in
409  * the specified rcu_cblist structure.  Note that this loses information
410  * about any callbacks that might have been partway done waiting for
411  * their grace period.  Too bad!  They will have to start over.
412  */
413 void rcu_segcblist_extract_pend_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
414 				    struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
415 {
416 	int i;
417 
418 	if (!rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(rsclp))
419 		return; /* Nothing to do. */
420 	rclp->len = 0;
421 	*rclp->tail = *rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL];
422 	rclp->tail = rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL];
423 	WRITE_ONCE(*rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL], NULL);
424 	for (i = RCU_DONE_TAIL + 1; i < RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS; i++) {
425 		rclp->len += rcu_segcblist_get_seglen(rsclp, i);
426 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[i], rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL]);
427 		rcu_segcblist_set_seglen(rsclp, i, 0);
428 	}
429 }
430 
431 /*
432  * Insert counts from the specified rcu_cblist structure in the
433  * specified rcu_segcblist structure.
434  */
435 void rcu_segcblist_insert_count(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
436 				struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
437 {
438 	rcu_segcblist_add_len(rsclp, rclp->len);
439 }
440 
441 /*
442  * Move callbacks from the specified rcu_cblist to the beginning of the
443  * done-callbacks segment of the specified rcu_segcblist.
444  */
445 void rcu_segcblist_insert_done_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
446 				   struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
447 {
448 	int i;
449 
450 	if (!rclp->head)
451 		return; /* No callbacks to move. */
452 	rcu_segcblist_add_seglen(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL, rclp->len);
453 	*rclp->tail = rsclp->head;
454 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->head, rclp->head);
455 	for (i = RCU_DONE_TAIL; i < RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS; i++)
456 		if (&rsclp->head == rsclp->tails[i])
457 			WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[i], rclp->tail);
458 		else
459 			break;
460 	rclp->head = NULL;
461 	rclp->tail = &rclp->head;
462 }
463 
464 /*
465  * Move callbacks from the specified rcu_cblist to the end of the
466  * new-callbacks segment of the specified rcu_segcblist.
467  */
468 void rcu_segcblist_insert_pend_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
469 				   struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
470 {
471 	if (!rclp->head)
472 		return; /* Nothing to do. */
473 
474 	rcu_segcblist_add_seglen(rsclp, RCU_NEXT_TAIL, rclp->len);
475 	WRITE_ONCE(*rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL], rclp->head);
476 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL], rclp->tail);
477 }
478 
479 /*
480  * Advance the callbacks in the specified rcu_segcblist structure based
481  * on the current value passed in for the grace-period counter.
482  */
483 void rcu_segcblist_advance(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, unsigned long seq)
484 {
485 	int i, j;
486 
487 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp));
488 	if (rcu_segcblist_restempty(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL))
489 		return;
490 
491 	/*
492 	 * Find all callbacks whose ->gp_seq numbers indicate that they
493 	 * are ready to invoke, and put them into the RCU_DONE_TAIL segment.
494 	 */
495 	for (i = RCU_WAIT_TAIL; i < RCU_NEXT_TAIL; i++) {
496 		if (ULONG_CMP_LT(seq, rsclp->gp_seq[i]))
497 			break;
498 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL], rsclp->tails[i]);
499 		rcu_segcblist_move_seglen(rsclp, i, RCU_DONE_TAIL);
500 	}
501 
502 	/* If no callbacks moved, nothing more need be done. */
503 	if (i == RCU_WAIT_TAIL)
504 		return;
505 
506 	/* Clean up tail pointers that might have been misordered above. */
507 	for (j = RCU_WAIT_TAIL; j < i; j++)
508 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[j], rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL]);
509 
510 	/*
511 	 * Callbacks moved, so clean up the misordered ->tails[] pointers
512 	 * that now point into the middle of the list of ready-to-invoke
513 	 * callbacks.  The overall effect is to copy down the later pointers
514 	 * into the gap that was created by the now-ready segments.
515 	 */
516 	for (j = RCU_WAIT_TAIL; i < RCU_NEXT_TAIL; i++, j++) {
517 		if (rsclp->tails[j] == rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL])
518 			break;  /* No more callbacks. */
519 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[j], rsclp->tails[i]);
520 		rcu_segcblist_move_seglen(rsclp, i, j);
521 		rsclp->gp_seq[j] = rsclp->gp_seq[i];
522 	}
523 }
524 
525 /*
526  * "Accelerate" callbacks based on more-accurate grace-period information.
527  * The reason for this is that RCU does not synchronize the beginnings and
528  * ends of grace periods, and that callbacks are posted locally.  This in
529  * turn means that the callbacks must be labelled conservatively early
530  * on, as getting exact information would degrade both performance and
531  * scalability.  When more accurate grace-period information becomes
532  * available, previously posted callbacks can be "accelerated", marking
533  * them to complete at the end of the earlier grace period.
534  *
535  * This function operates on an rcu_segcblist structure, and also the
536  * grace-period sequence number seq at which new callbacks would become
537  * ready to invoke.  Returns true if there are callbacks that won't be
538  * ready to invoke until seq, false otherwise.
539  */
540 bool rcu_segcblist_accelerate(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, unsigned long seq)
541 {
542 	int i, j;
543 
544 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp));
545 	if (rcu_segcblist_restempty(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL))
546 		return false;
547 
548 	/*
549 	 * Find the segment preceding the oldest segment of callbacks
550 	 * whose ->gp_seq[] completion is at or after that passed in via
551 	 * "seq", skipping any empty segments.  This oldest segment, along
552 	 * with any later segments, can be merged in with any newly arrived
553 	 * callbacks in the RCU_NEXT_TAIL segment, and assigned "seq"
554 	 * as their ->gp_seq[] grace-period completion sequence number.
555 	 */
556 	for (i = RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL; i > RCU_DONE_TAIL; i--)
557 		if (rsclp->tails[i] != rsclp->tails[i - 1] &&
558 		    ULONG_CMP_LT(rsclp->gp_seq[i], seq))
559 			break;
560 
561 	/*
562 	 * If all the segments contain callbacks that correspond to
563 	 * earlier grace-period sequence numbers than "seq", leave.
564 	 * Assuming that the rcu_segcblist structure has enough
565 	 * segments in its arrays, this can only happen if some of
566 	 * the non-done segments contain callbacks that really are
567 	 * ready to invoke.  This situation will get straightened
568 	 * out by the next call to rcu_segcblist_advance().
569 	 *
570 	 * Also advance to the oldest segment of callbacks whose
571 	 * ->gp_seq[] completion is at or after that passed in via "seq",
572 	 * skipping any empty segments.
573 	 *
574 	 * Note that segment "i" (and any lower-numbered segments
575 	 * containing older callbacks) will be unaffected, and their
576 	 * grace-period numbers remain unchanged.  For example, if i ==
577 	 * WAIT_TAIL, then neither WAIT_TAIL nor DONE_TAIL will be touched.
578 	 * Instead, the CBs in NEXT_TAIL will be merged with those in
579 	 * NEXT_READY_TAIL and the grace-period number of NEXT_READY_TAIL
580 	 * would be updated.  NEXT_TAIL would then be empty.
581 	 */
582 	if (rcu_segcblist_restempty(rsclp, i) || ++i >= RCU_NEXT_TAIL)
583 		return false;
584 
585 	/* Accounting: everything below i is about to get merged into i. */
586 	for (j = i + 1; j <= RCU_NEXT_TAIL; j++)
587 		rcu_segcblist_move_seglen(rsclp, j, i);
588 
589 	/*
590 	 * Merge all later callbacks, including newly arrived callbacks,
591 	 * into the segment located by the for-loop above.  Assign "seq"
592 	 * as the ->gp_seq[] value in order to correctly handle the case
593 	 * where there were no pending callbacks in the rcu_segcblist
594 	 * structure other than in the RCU_NEXT_TAIL segment.
595 	 */
596 	for (; i < RCU_NEXT_TAIL; i++) {
597 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[i], rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL]);
598 		rsclp->gp_seq[i] = seq;
599 	}
600 	return true;
601 }
602 
603 /*
604  * Merge the source rcu_segcblist structure into the destination
605  * rcu_segcblist structure, then initialize the source.  Any pending
606  * callbacks from the source get to start over.  It is best to
607  * advance and accelerate both the destination and the source
608  * before merging.
609  */
610 void rcu_segcblist_merge(struct rcu_segcblist *dst_rsclp,
611 			 struct rcu_segcblist *src_rsclp)
612 {
613 	struct rcu_cblist donecbs;
614 	struct rcu_cblist pendcbs;
615 
616 	lockdep_assert_cpus_held();
617 
618 	rcu_cblist_init(&donecbs);
619 	rcu_cblist_init(&pendcbs);
620 
621 	rcu_segcblist_extract_done_cbs(src_rsclp, &donecbs);
622 	rcu_segcblist_extract_pend_cbs(src_rsclp, &pendcbs);
623 
624 	/*
625 	 * No need smp_mb() before setting length to 0, because CPU hotplug
626 	 * lock excludes rcu_barrier.
627 	 */
628 	rcu_segcblist_set_len(src_rsclp, 0);
629 
630 	rcu_segcblist_insert_count(dst_rsclp, &donecbs);
631 	rcu_segcblist_insert_count(dst_rsclp, &pendcbs);
632 	rcu_segcblist_insert_done_cbs(dst_rsclp, &donecbs);
633 	rcu_segcblist_insert_pend_cbs(dst_rsclp, &pendcbs);
634 
635 	rcu_segcblist_init(src_rsclp);
636 }
637