1 /* 2 * kernel/lockdep_proc.c 3 * 4 * Runtime locking correctness validator 5 * 6 * Started by Ingo Molnar: 7 * 8 * Copyright (C) 2006,2007 Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> 9 * Copyright (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc., Peter Zijlstra 10 * 11 * Code for /proc/lockdep and /proc/lockdep_stats: 12 * 13 */ 14 #include <linux/export.h> 15 #include <linux/proc_fs.h> 16 #include <linux/seq_file.h> 17 #include <linux/kallsyms.h> 18 #include <linux/debug_locks.h> 19 #include <linux/vmalloc.h> 20 #include <linux/sort.h> 21 #include <asm/uaccess.h> 22 #include <asm/div64.h> 23 24 #include "lockdep_internals.h" 25 26 static void *l_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos) 27 { 28 return seq_list_next(v, &all_lock_classes, pos); 29 } 30 31 static void *l_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos) 32 { 33 return seq_list_start_head(&all_lock_classes, *pos); 34 } 35 36 static void l_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *v) 37 { 38 } 39 40 static void print_name(struct seq_file *m, struct lock_class *class) 41 { 42 char str[KSYM_NAME_LEN]; 43 const char *name = class->name; 44 45 if (!name) { 46 name = __get_key_name(class->key, str); 47 seq_printf(m, "%s", name); 48 } else{ 49 seq_printf(m, "%s", name); 50 if (class->name_version > 1) 51 seq_printf(m, "#%d", class->name_version); 52 if (class->subclass) 53 seq_printf(m, "/%d", class->subclass); 54 } 55 } 56 57 static int l_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v) 58 { 59 struct lock_class *class = list_entry(v, struct lock_class, lock_entry); 60 struct lock_list *entry; 61 char usage[LOCK_USAGE_CHARS]; 62 63 if (v == &all_lock_classes) { 64 seq_printf(m, "all lock classes:\n"); 65 return 0; 66 } 67 68 seq_printf(m, "%p", class->key); 69 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP 70 seq_printf(m, " OPS:%8ld", class->ops); 71 #endif 72 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING 73 seq_printf(m, " FD:%5ld", lockdep_count_forward_deps(class)); 74 seq_printf(m, " BD:%5ld", lockdep_count_backward_deps(class)); 75 #endif 76 77 get_usage_chars(class, usage); 78 seq_printf(m, " %s", usage); 79 80 seq_printf(m, ": "); 81 print_name(m, class); 82 seq_puts(m, "\n"); 83 84 list_for_each_entry(entry, &class->locks_after, entry) { 85 if (entry->distance == 1) { 86 seq_printf(m, " -> [%p] ", entry->class->key); 87 print_name(m, entry->class); 88 seq_puts(m, "\n"); 89 } 90 } 91 seq_puts(m, "\n"); 92 93 return 0; 94 } 95 96 static const struct seq_operations lockdep_ops = { 97 .start = l_start, 98 .next = l_next, 99 .stop = l_stop, 100 .show = l_show, 101 }; 102 103 static int lockdep_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) 104 { 105 return seq_open(file, &lockdep_ops); 106 } 107 108 static const struct file_operations proc_lockdep_operations = { 109 .open = lockdep_open, 110 .read = seq_read, 111 .llseek = seq_lseek, 112 .release = seq_release, 113 }; 114 115 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING 116 static void *lc_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos) 117 { 118 if (*pos == 0) 119 return SEQ_START_TOKEN; 120 121 if (*pos - 1 < nr_lock_chains) 122 return lock_chains + (*pos - 1); 123 124 return NULL; 125 } 126 127 static void *lc_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos) 128 { 129 (*pos)++; 130 return lc_start(m, pos); 131 } 132 133 static void lc_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *v) 134 { 135 } 136 137 static int lc_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v) 138 { 139 struct lock_chain *chain = v; 140 struct lock_class *class; 141 int i; 142 143 if (v == SEQ_START_TOKEN) { 144 if (nr_chain_hlocks > MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAIN_HLOCKS) 145 seq_printf(m, "(buggered) "); 146 seq_printf(m, "all lock chains:\n"); 147 return 0; 148 } 149 150 seq_printf(m, "irq_context: %d\n", chain->irq_context); 151 152 for (i = 0; i < chain->depth; i++) { 153 class = lock_chain_get_class(chain, i); 154 if (!class->key) 155 continue; 156 157 seq_printf(m, "[%p] ", class->key); 158 print_name(m, class); 159 seq_puts(m, "\n"); 160 } 161 seq_puts(m, "\n"); 162 163 return 0; 164 } 165 166 static const struct seq_operations lockdep_chains_ops = { 167 .start = lc_start, 168 .next = lc_next, 169 .stop = lc_stop, 170 .show = lc_show, 171 }; 172 173 static int lockdep_chains_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) 174 { 175 return seq_open(file, &lockdep_chains_ops); 176 } 177 178 static const struct file_operations proc_lockdep_chains_operations = { 179 .open = lockdep_chains_open, 180 .read = seq_read, 181 .llseek = seq_lseek, 182 .release = seq_release, 183 }; 184 #endif /* CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING */ 185 186 static void lockdep_stats_debug_show(struct seq_file *m) 187 { 188 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP 189 unsigned long long hi1 = debug_atomic_read(hardirqs_on_events), 190 hi2 = debug_atomic_read(hardirqs_off_events), 191 hr1 = debug_atomic_read(redundant_hardirqs_on), 192 hr2 = debug_atomic_read(redundant_hardirqs_off), 193 si1 = debug_atomic_read(softirqs_on_events), 194 si2 = debug_atomic_read(softirqs_off_events), 195 sr1 = debug_atomic_read(redundant_softirqs_on), 196 sr2 = debug_atomic_read(redundant_softirqs_off); 197 198 seq_printf(m, " chain lookup misses: %11llu\n", 199 debug_atomic_read(chain_lookup_misses)); 200 seq_printf(m, " chain lookup hits: %11llu\n", 201 debug_atomic_read(chain_lookup_hits)); 202 seq_printf(m, " cyclic checks: %11llu\n", 203 debug_atomic_read(nr_cyclic_checks)); 204 seq_printf(m, " find-mask forwards checks: %11llu\n", 205 debug_atomic_read(nr_find_usage_forwards_checks)); 206 seq_printf(m, " find-mask backwards checks: %11llu\n", 207 debug_atomic_read(nr_find_usage_backwards_checks)); 208 209 seq_printf(m, " hardirq on events: %11llu\n", hi1); 210 seq_printf(m, " hardirq off events: %11llu\n", hi2); 211 seq_printf(m, " redundant hardirq ons: %11llu\n", hr1); 212 seq_printf(m, " redundant hardirq offs: %11llu\n", hr2); 213 seq_printf(m, " softirq on events: %11llu\n", si1); 214 seq_printf(m, " softirq off events: %11llu\n", si2); 215 seq_printf(m, " redundant softirq ons: %11llu\n", sr1); 216 seq_printf(m, " redundant softirq offs: %11llu\n", sr2); 217 #endif 218 } 219 220 static int lockdep_stats_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v) 221 { 222 struct lock_class *class; 223 unsigned long nr_unused = 0, nr_uncategorized = 0, 224 nr_irq_safe = 0, nr_irq_unsafe = 0, 225 nr_softirq_safe = 0, nr_softirq_unsafe = 0, 226 nr_hardirq_safe = 0, nr_hardirq_unsafe = 0, 227 nr_irq_read_safe = 0, nr_irq_read_unsafe = 0, 228 nr_softirq_read_safe = 0, nr_softirq_read_unsafe = 0, 229 nr_hardirq_read_safe = 0, nr_hardirq_read_unsafe = 0, 230 sum_forward_deps = 0; 231 232 list_for_each_entry(class, &all_lock_classes, lock_entry) { 233 234 if (class->usage_mask == 0) 235 nr_unused++; 236 if (class->usage_mask == LOCKF_USED) 237 nr_uncategorized++; 238 if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_USED_IN_IRQ) 239 nr_irq_safe++; 240 if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_ENABLED_IRQ) 241 nr_irq_unsafe++; 242 if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ) 243 nr_softirq_safe++; 244 if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_ENABLED_SOFTIRQ) 245 nr_softirq_unsafe++; 246 if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_USED_IN_HARDIRQ) 247 nr_hardirq_safe++; 248 if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_ENABLED_HARDIRQ) 249 nr_hardirq_unsafe++; 250 if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_USED_IN_IRQ_READ) 251 nr_irq_read_safe++; 252 if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_ENABLED_IRQ_READ) 253 nr_irq_read_unsafe++; 254 if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ_READ) 255 nr_softirq_read_safe++; 256 if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_ENABLED_SOFTIRQ_READ) 257 nr_softirq_read_unsafe++; 258 if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_USED_IN_HARDIRQ_READ) 259 nr_hardirq_read_safe++; 260 if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_ENABLED_HARDIRQ_READ) 261 nr_hardirq_read_unsafe++; 262 263 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING 264 sum_forward_deps += lockdep_count_forward_deps(class); 265 #endif 266 } 267 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP 268 DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(debug_atomic_read(nr_unused_locks) != nr_unused); 269 #endif 270 seq_printf(m, " lock-classes: %11lu [max: %lu]\n", 271 nr_lock_classes, MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS); 272 seq_printf(m, " direct dependencies: %11lu [max: %lu]\n", 273 nr_list_entries, MAX_LOCKDEP_ENTRIES); 274 seq_printf(m, " indirect dependencies: %11lu\n", 275 sum_forward_deps); 276 277 /* 278 * Total number of dependencies: 279 * 280 * All irq-safe locks may nest inside irq-unsafe locks, 281 * plus all the other known dependencies: 282 */ 283 seq_printf(m, " all direct dependencies: %11lu\n", 284 nr_irq_unsafe * nr_irq_safe + 285 nr_hardirq_unsafe * nr_hardirq_safe + 286 nr_list_entries); 287 288 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING 289 seq_printf(m, " dependency chains: %11lu [max: %lu]\n", 290 nr_lock_chains, MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAINS); 291 seq_printf(m, " dependency chain hlocks: %11d [max: %lu]\n", 292 nr_chain_hlocks, MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAIN_HLOCKS); 293 #endif 294 295 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS 296 seq_printf(m, " in-hardirq chains: %11u\n", 297 nr_hardirq_chains); 298 seq_printf(m, " in-softirq chains: %11u\n", 299 nr_softirq_chains); 300 #endif 301 seq_printf(m, " in-process chains: %11u\n", 302 nr_process_chains); 303 seq_printf(m, " stack-trace entries: %11lu [max: %lu]\n", 304 nr_stack_trace_entries, MAX_STACK_TRACE_ENTRIES); 305 seq_printf(m, " combined max dependencies: %11u\n", 306 (nr_hardirq_chains + 1) * 307 (nr_softirq_chains + 1) * 308 (nr_process_chains + 1) 309 ); 310 seq_printf(m, " hardirq-safe locks: %11lu\n", 311 nr_hardirq_safe); 312 seq_printf(m, " hardirq-unsafe locks: %11lu\n", 313 nr_hardirq_unsafe); 314 seq_printf(m, " softirq-safe locks: %11lu\n", 315 nr_softirq_safe); 316 seq_printf(m, " softirq-unsafe locks: %11lu\n", 317 nr_softirq_unsafe); 318 seq_printf(m, " irq-safe locks: %11lu\n", 319 nr_irq_safe); 320 seq_printf(m, " irq-unsafe locks: %11lu\n", 321 nr_irq_unsafe); 322 323 seq_printf(m, " hardirq-read-safe locks: %11lu\n", 324 nr_hardirq_read_safe); 325 seq_printf(m, " hardirq-read-unsafe locks: %11lu\n", 326 nr_hardirq_read_unsafe); 327 seq_printf(m, " softirq-read-safe locks: %11lu\n", 328 nr_softirq_read_safe); 329 seq_printf(m, " softirq-read-unsafe locks: %11lu\n", 330 nr_softirq_read_unsafe); 331 seq_printf(m, " irq-read-safe locks: %11lu\n", 332 nr_irq_read_safe); 333 seq_printf(m, " irq-read-unsafe locks: %11lu\n", 334 nr_irq_read_unsafe); 335 336 seq_printf(m, " uncategorized locks: %11lu\n", 337 nr_uncategorized); 338 seq_printf(m, " unused locks: %11lu\n", 339 nr_unused); 340 seq_printf(m, " max locking depth: %11u\n", 341 max_lockdep_depth); 342 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING 343 seq_printf(m, " max bfs queue depth: %11u\n", 344 max_bfs_queue_depth); 345 #endif 346 lockdep_stats_debug_show(m); 347 seq_printf(m, " debug_locks: %11u\n", 348 debug_locks); 349 350 return 0; 351 } 352 353 static int lockdep_stats_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) 354 { 355 return single_open(file, lockdep_stats_show, NULL); 356 } 357 358 static const struct file_operations proc_lockdep_stats_operations = { 359 .open = lockdep_stats_open, 360 .read = seq_read, 361 .llseek = seq_lseek, 362 .release = single_release, 363 }; 364 365 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT 366 367 struct lock_stat_data { 368 struct lock_class *class; 369 struct lock_class_stats stats; 370 }; 371 372 struct lock_stat_seq { 373 struct lock_stat_data *iter_end; 374 struct lock_stat_data stats[MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS]; 375 }; 376 377 /* 378 * sort on absolute number of contentions 379 */ 380 static int lock_stat_cmp(const void *l, const void *r) 381 { 382 const struct lock_stat_data *dl = l, *dr = r; 383 unsigned long nl, nr; 384 385 nl = dl->stats.read_waittime.nr + dl->stats.write_waittime.nr; 386 nr = dr->stats.read_waittime.nr + dr->stats.write_waittime.nr; 387 388 return nr - nl; 389 } 390 391 static void seq_line(struct seq_file *m, char c, int offset, int length) 392 { 393 int i; 394 395 for (i = 0; i < offset; i++) 396 seq_puts(m, " "); 397 for (i = 0; i < length; i++) 398 seq_printf(m, "%c", c); 399 seq_puts(m, "\n"); 400 } 401 402 static void snprint_time(char *buf, size_t bufsiz, s64 nr) 403 { 404 s64 div; 405 s32 rem; 406 407 nr += 5; /* for display rounding */ 408 div = div_s64_rem(nr, 1000, &rem); 409 snprintf(buf, bufsiz, "%lld.%02d", (long long)div, (int)rem/10); 410 } 411 412 static void seq_time(struct seq_file *m, s64 time) 413 { 414 char num[15]; 415 416 snprint_time(num, sizeof(num), time); 417 seq_printf(m, " %14s", num); 418 } 419 420 static void seq_lock_time(struct seq_file *m, struct lock_time *lt) 421 { 422 seq_printf(m, "%14lu", lt->nr); 423 seq_time(m, lt->min); 424 seq_time(m, lt->max); 425 seq_time(m, lt->total); 426 seq_time(m, lt->nr ? div_s64(lt->total, lt->nr) : 0); 427 } 428 429 static void seq_stats(struct seq_file *m, struct lock_stat_data *data) 430 { 431 struct lockdep_subclass_key *ckey; 432 struct lock_class_stats *stats; 433 struct lock_class *class; 434 const char *cname; 435 int i, namelen; 436 char name[39]; 437 438 class = data->class; 439 stats = &data->stats; 440 441 namelen = 38; 442 if (class->name_version > 1) 443 namelen -= 2; /* XXX truncates versions > 9 */ 444 if (class->subclass) 445 namelen -= 2; 446 447 rcu_read_lock_sched(); 448 cname = rcu_dereference_sched(class->name); 449 ckey = rcu_dereference_sched(class->key); 450 451 if (!cname && !ckey) { 452 rcu_read_unlock_sched(); 453 return; 454 455 } else if (!cname) { 456 char str[KSYM_NAME_LEN]; 457 const char *key_name; 458 459 key_name = __get_key_name(ckey, str); 460 snprintf(name, namelen, "%s", key_name); 461 } else { 462 snprintf(name, namelen, "%s", cname); 463 } 464 rcu_read_unlock_sched(); 465 466 namelen = strlen(name); 467 if (class->name_version > 1) { 468 snprintf(name+namelen, 3, "#%d", class->name_version); 469 namelen += 2; 470 } 471 if (class->subclass) { 472 snprintf(name+namelen, 3, "/%d", class->subclass); 473 namelen += 2; 474 } 475 476 if (stats->write_holdtime.nr) { 477 if (stats->read_holdtime.nr) 478 seq_printf(m, "%38s-W:", name); 479 else 480 seq_printf(m, "%40s:", name); 481 482 seq_printf(m, "%14lu ", stats->bounces[bounce_contended_write]); 483 seq_lock_time(m, &stats->write_waittime); 484 seq_printf(m, " %14lu ", stats->bounces[bounce_acquired_write]); 485 seq_lock_time(m, &stats->write_holdtime); 486 seq_puts(m, "\n"); 487 } 488 489 if (stats->read_holdtime.nr) { 490 seq_printf(m, "%38s-R:", name); 491 seq_printf(m, "%14lu ", stats->bounces[bounce_contended_read]); 492 seq_lock_time(m, &stats->read_waittime); 493 seq_printf(m, " %14lu ", stats->bounces[bounce_acquired_read]); 494 seq_lock_time(m, &stats->read_holdtime); 495 seq_puts(m, "\n"); 496 } 497 498 if (stats->read_waittime.nr + stats->write_waittime.nr == 0) 499 return; 500 501 if (stats->read_holdtime.nr) 502 namelen += 2; 503 504 for (i = 0; i < LOCKSTAT_POINTS; i++) { 505 char ip[32]; 506 507 if (class->contention_point[i] == 0) 508 break; 509 510 if (!i) 511 seq_line(m, '-', 40-namelen, namelen); 512 513 snprintf(ip, sizeof(ip), "[<%p>]", 514 (void *)class->contention_point[i]); 515 seq_printf(m, "%40s %14lu %29s %pS\n", 516 name, stats->contention_point[i], 517 ip, (void *)class->contention_point[i]); 518 } 519 for (i = 0; i < LOCKSTAT_POINTS; i++) { 520 char ip[32]; 521 522 if (class->contending_point[i] == 0) 523 break; 524 525 if (!i) 526 seq_line(m, '-', 40-namelen, namelen); 527 528 snprintf(ip, sizeof(ip), "[<%p>]", 529 (void *)class->contending_point[i]); 530 seq_printf(m, "%40s %14lu %29s %pS\n", 531 name, stats->contending_point[i], 532 ip, (void *)class->contending_point[i]); 533 } 534 if (i) { 535 seq_puts(m, "\n"); 536 seq_line(m, '.', 0, 40 + 1 + 12 * (14 + 1)); 537 seq_puts(m, "\n"); 538 } 539 } 540 541 static void seq_header(struct seq_file *m) 542 { 543 seq_puts(m, "lock_stat version 0.4\n"); 544 545 if (unlikely(!debug_locks)) 546 seq_printf(m, "*WARNING* lock debugging disabled!! - possibly due to a lockdep warning\n"); 547 548 seq_line(m, '-', 0, 40 + 1 + 12 * (14 + 1)); 549 seq_printf(m, "%40s %14s %14s %14s %14s %14s %14s %14s %14s %14s %14s " 550 "%14s %14s\n", 551 "class name", 552 "con-bounces", 553 "contentions", 554 "waittime-min", 555 "waittime-max", 556 "waittime-total", 557 "waittime-avg", 558 "acq-bounces", 559 "acquisitions", 560 "holdtime-min", 561 "holdtime-max", 562 "holdtime-total", 563 "holdtime-avg"); 564 seq_line(m, '-', 0, 40 + 1 + 12 * (14 + 1)); 565 seq_printf(m, "\n"); 566 } 567 568 static void *ls_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos) 569 { 570 struct lock_stat_seq *data = m->private; 571 struct lock_stat_data *iter; 572 573 if (*pos == 0) 574 return SEQ_START_TOKEN; 575 576 iter = data->stats + (*pos - 1); 577 if (iter >= data->iter_end) 578 iter = NULL; 579 580 return iter; 581 } 582 583 static void *ls_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos) 584 { 585 (*pos)++; 586 return ls_start(m, pos); 587 } 588 589 static void ls_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *v) 590 { 591 } 592 593 static int ls_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v) 594 { 595 if (v == SEQ_START_TOKEN) 596 seq_header(m); 597 else 598 seq_stats(m, v); 599 600 return 0; 601 } 602 603 static const struct seq_operations lockstat_ops = { 604 .start = ls_start, 605 .next = ls_next, 606 .stop = ls_stop, 607 .show = ls_show, 608 }; 609 610 static int lock_stat_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) 611 { 612 int res; 613 struct lock_class *class; 614 struct lock_stat_seq *data = vmalloc(sizeof(struct lock_stat_seq)); 615 616 if (!data) 617 return -ENOMEM; 618 619 res = seq_open(file, &lockstat_ops); 620 if (!res) { 621 struct lock_stat_data *iter = data->stats; 622 struct seq_file *m = file->private_data; 623 624 list_for_each_entry(class, &all_lock_classes, lock_entry) { 625 iter->class = class; 626 iter->stats = lock_stats(class); 627 iter++; 628 } 629 data->iter_end = iter; 630 631 sort(data->stats, data->iter_end - data->stats, 632 sizeof(struct lock_stat_data), 633 lock_stat_cmp, NULL); 634 635 m->private = data; 636 } else 637 vfree(data); 638 639 return res; 640 } 641 642 static ssize_t lock_stat_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, 643 size_t count, loff_t *ppos) 644 { 645 struct lock_class *class; 646 char c; 647 648 if (count) { 649 if (get_user(c, buf)) 650 return -EFAULT; 651 652 if (c != '0') 653 return count; 654 655 list_for_each_entry(class, &all_lock_classes, lock_entry) 656 clear_lock_stats(class); 657 } 658 return count; 659 } 660 661 static int lock_stat_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) 662 { 663 struct seq_file *seq = file->private_data; 664 665 vfree(seq->private); 666 return seq_release(inode, file); 667 } 668 669 static const struct file_operations proc_lock_stat_operations = { 670 .open = lock_stat_open, 671 .write = lock_stat_write, 672 .read = seq_read, 673 .llseek = seq_lseek, 674 .release = lock_stat_release, 675 }; 676 #endif /* CONFIG_LOCK_STAT */ 677 678 static int __init lockdep_proc_init(void) 679 { 680 proc_create("lockdep", S_IRUSR, NULL, &proc_lockdep_operations); 681 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING 682 proc_create("lockdep_chains", S_IRUSR, NULL, 683 &proc_lockdep_chains_operations); 684 #endif 685 proc_create("lockdep_stats", S_IRUSR, NULL, 686 &proc_lockdep_stats_operations); 687 688 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT 689 proc_create("lock_stat", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, NULL, 690 &proc_lock_stat_operations); 691 #endif 692 693 return 0; 694 } 695 696 __initcall(lockdep_proc_init); 697 698