kernel/bpf/devmap.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/* Copyright (c) 2017 Covalent IO, Inc. http://covalent.io
 */

/* Devmaps primary use is as a backend map for XDP BPF helper call
 * bpf_redirect_map(). Because XDP is mostly concerned with performance we
 * spent some effort to ensure the datapath with redirect maps does not use
 * any locking. This is a quick note on the details.
 *
 * We have three possible paths to get into the devmap control plane bpf
 * syscalls, bpf programs, and driver side xmit/flush operations. A bpf syscall
 * will invoke an update, delete, or lookup operation. To ensure updates and
 * deletes appear atomic from the datapath side xchg() is used to modify the
 * netdev_map array. Then because the datapath does a lookup into the netdev_map
 * array (read-only) from an RCU critical section we use call_rcu() to wait for
 * an rcu grace period before free'ing the old data structures. This ensures the
 * datapath always has a valid copy. However, the datapath does a "flush"
 * operation that pushes any pending packets in the driver outside the RCU
 * critical section. Each bpf_dtab_netdev tracks these pending operations using
 * a per-cpu flush list. The bpf_dtab_netdev object will not be destroyed  until
 * this list is empty, indicating outstanding flush operations have completed.
 *
 * BPF syscalls may race with BPF program calls on any of the update, delete
 * or lookup operations. As noted above the xchg() operation also keep the
 * netdev_map consistent in this case. From the devmap side BPF programs
 * calling into these operations are the same as multiple user space threads
 * making system calls.
 *
 * Finally, any of the above may race with a netdev_unregister notifier. The
 * unregister notifier must search for net devices in the map structure that
 * contain a reference to the net device and remove them. This is a two step
 * process (a) dereference the bpf_dtab_netdev object in netdev_map and (b)
 * check to see if the ifindex is the same as the net_device being removed.
 * When removing the dev a cmpxchg() is used to ensure the correct dev is
 * removed, in the case of a concurrent update or delete operation it is
 * possible that the initially referenced dev is no longer in the map. As the
 * notifier hook walks the map we know that new dev references can not be
 * added by the user because core infrastructure ensures dev_get_by_index()
 * calls will fail at this point.
 *
 * The devmap_hash type is a map type which interprets keys as ifindexes and
 * indexes these using a hashmap. This allows maps that use ifindex as key to be
 * densely packed instead of having holes in the lookup array for unused
 * ifindexes. The setup and packet enqueue/send code is shared between the two
 * types of devmap; only the lookup and insertion is different.
 */
#include <linux/bpf.h>
#include <net/xdp.h>
#include <linux/filter.h>
#include <trace/events/xdp.h>
#include <linux/btf_ids.h>

#define DEV_CREATE_FLAG_MASK \
	(BPF_F_NUMA_NODE | BPF_F_RDONLY | BPF_F_WRONLY)

struct xdp_dev_bulk_queue {
	struct xdp_frame *q[DEV_MAP_BULK_SIZE];
	struct list_head flush_node;
	struct net_device *dev;
	struct net_device *dev_rx;
	struct bpf_prog *xdp_prog;
	unsigned int count;
};

struct bpf_dtab_netdev {
	struct net_device *dev; /* must be first member, due to tracepoint */
	struct hlist_node index_hlist;
	struct bpf_prog *xdp_prog;
	struct rcu_head rcu;
	unsigned int idx;
	struct bpf_devmap_val val;
};

struct bpf_dtab {
	struct bpf_map map;
	struct bpf_dtab_netdev __rcu **netdev_map; /* DEVMAP type only */
	struct list_head list;

	/* these are only used for DEVMAP_HASH type maps */
	struct hlist_head *dev_index_head;
	spinlock_t index_lock;
	unsigned int items;
	u32 n_buckets;
};

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct list_head, dev_flush_list);
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(dev_map_lock);
static LIST_HEAD(dev_map_list);

static struct hlist_head *dev_map_create_hash(unsigned int entries,
					      int numa_node)
{
	int i;
	struct hlist_head *hash;

	hash = bpf_map_area_alloc((u64) entries * sizeof(*hash), numa_node);
	if (hash != NULL)
		for (i = 0; i < entries; i++)
			INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&hash[i]);

	return hash;
}

static inline struct hlist_head *dev_map_index_hash(struct bpf_dtab *dtab,
						    int idx)
{
	return &dtab->dev_index_head[idx & (dtab->n_buckets - 1)];
}

static int dev_map_init_map(struct bpf_dtab *dtab, union bpf_attr *attr)
{
	u32 valsize = attr->value_size;

	/* check sanity of attributes. 2 value sizes supported:
	 * 4 bytes: ifindex
	 * 8 bytes: ifindex + prog fd
	 */
	if (attr->max_entries == 0 || attr->key_size != 4 ||
	    (valsize != offsetofend(struct bpf_devmap_val, ifindex) &&
	     valsize != offsetofend(struct bpf_devmap_val, bpf_prog.fd)) ||
	    attr->map_flags & ~DEV_CREATE_FLAG_MASK)
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Lookup returns a pointer straight to dev->ifindex, so make sure the
	 * verifier prevents writes from the BPF side
	 */
	attr->map_flags |= BPF_F_RDONLY_PROG;


	bpf_map_init_from_attr(&dtab->map, attr);

	if (attr->map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP_HASH) {
		/* hash table size must be power of 2; roundup_pow_of_two() can
		 * overflow into UB on 32-bit arches, so check that first
		 */
		if (dtab->map.max_entries > 1UL << 31)
			return -EINVAL;

		dtab->n_buckets = roundup_pow_of_two(dtab->map.max_entries);

		dtab->dev_index_head = dev_map_create_hash(dtab->n_buckets,
							   dtab->map.numa_node);
		if (!dtab->dev_index_head)
			return -ENOMEM;

		spin_lock_init(&dtab->index_lock);
	} else {
		dtab->netdev_map = bpf_map_area_alloc((u64) dtab->map.max_entries *
						      sizeof(struct bpf_dtab_netdev *),
						      dtab->map.numa_node);
		if (!dtab->netdev_map)
			return -ENOMEM;
	}

	return 0;
}

static struct bpf_map *dev_map_alloc(union bpf_attr *attr)
{
	struct bpf_dtab *dtab;
	int err;

	dtab = bpf_map_area_alloc(sizeof(*dtab), NUMA_NO_NODE);
	if (!dtab)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	err = dev_map_init_map(dtab, attr);
	if (err) {
		bpf_map_area_free(dtab);
		return ERR_PTR(err);
	}

	spin_lock(&dev_map_lock);
	list_add_tail_rcu(&dtab->list, &dev_map_list);
	spin_unlock(&dev_map_lock);

	return &dtab->map;
}

static void dev_map_free(struct bpf_map *map)
{
	struct bpf_dtab *dtab = container_of(map, struct bpf_dtab, map);
	int i;

	/* At this point bpf_prog->aux->refcnt == 0 and this map->refcnt == 0,
	 * so the programs (can be more than one that used this map) were
	 * disconnected from events. The following synchronize_rcu() guarantees
	 * both rcu read critical sections complete and waits for
	 * preempt-disable regions (NAPI being the relevant context here) so we
	 * are certain there will be no further reads against the netdev_map and
	 * all flush operations are complete. Flush operations can only be done
	 * from NAPI context for this reason.
	 */

	spin_lock(&dev_map_lock);
	list_del_rcu(&dtab->list);
	spin_unlock(&dev_map_lock);

	bpf_clear_redirect_map(map);
	synchronize_rcu();

	/* Make sure prior __dev_map_entry_free() have completed. */
	rcu_barrier();

	if (dtab->map.map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP_HASH) {
		for (i = 0; i < dtab->n_buckets; i++) {
			struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dev;
			struct hlist_head *head;
			struct hlist_node *next;

			head = dev_map_index_hash(dtab, i);

			hlist_for_each_entry_safe(dev, next, head, index_hlist) {
				hlist_del_rcu(&dev->index_hlist);
				if (dev->xdp_prog)
					bpf_prog_put(dev->xdp_prog);
				dev_put(dev->dev);
				kfree(dev);
			}
		}

		bpf_map_area_free(dtab->dev_index_head);
	} else {
		for (i = 0; i < dtab->map.max_entries; i++) {
			struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dev;

			dev = rcu_dereference_raw(dtab->netdev_map[i]);
			if (!dev)
				continue;

			if (dev->xdp_prog)
				bpf_prog_put(dev->xdp_prog);
			dev_put(dev->dev);
			kfree(dev);
		}

		bpf_map_area_free(dtab->netdev_map);
	}

	bpf_map_area_free(dtab);
}

static int dev_map_get_next_key(struct bpf_map *map, void *key, void *next_key)
{
	struct bpf_dtab *dtab = container_of(map, struct bpf_dtab, map);
	u32 index = key ? *(u32 *)key : U32_MAX;
	u32 *next = next_key;

	if (index >= dtab->map.max_entries) {
		*next = 0;
		return 0;
	}

	if (index == dtab->map.max_entries - 1)
		return -ENOENT;
	*next = index + 1;
	return 0;
}

/* Elements are kept alive by RCU; either by rcu_read_lock() (from syscall) or
 * by local_bh_disable() (from XDP calls inside NAPI). The
 * rcu_read_lock_bh_held() below makes lockdep accept both.
 */
static void *__dev_map_hash_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map, u32 key)
{
	struct bpf_dtab *dtab = container_of(map, struct bpf_dtab, map);
	struct hlist_head *head = dev_map_index_hash(dtab, key);
	struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dev;

	hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(dev, head, index_hlist,
				 lockdep_is_held(&dtab->index_lock))
		if (dev->idx == key)
			return dev;

	return NULL;
}

static int dev_map_hash_get_next_key(struct bpf_map *map, void *key,
				    void *next_key)
{
	struct bpf_dtab *dtab = container_of(map, struct bpf_dtab, map);
	u32 idx, *next = next_key;
	struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dev, *next_dev;
	struct hlist_head *head;
	int i = 0;

	if (!key)
		goto find_first;

	idx = *(u32 *)key;

	dev = __dev_map_hash_lookup_elem(map, idx);
	if (!dev)
		goto find_first;

	next_dev = hlist_entry_safe(rcu_dereference_raw(hlist_next_rcu(&dev->index_hlist)),
				    struct bpf_dtab_netdev, index_hlist);

	if (next_dev) {
		*next = next_dev->idx;
		return 0;
	}

	i = idx & (dtab->n_buckets - 1);
	i++;

 find_first:
	for (; i < dtab->n_buckets; i++) {
		head = dev_map_index_hash(dtab, i);

		next_dev = hlist_entry_safe(rcu_dereference_raw(hlist_first_rcu(head)),
					    struct bpf_dtab_netdev,
					    index_hlist);
		if (next_dev) {
			*next = next_dev->idx;
			return 0;
		}
	}

	return -ENOENT;
}

static int dev_map_bpf_prog_run(struct bpf_prog *xdp_prog,
				struct xdp_frame **frames, int n,
				struct net_device *tx_dev,
				struct net_device *rx_dev)
{
	struct xdp_txq_info txq = { .dev = tx_dev };
	struct xdp_rxq_info rxq = { .dev = rx_dev };
	struct xdp_buff xdp;
	int i, nframes = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		struct xdp_frame *xdpf = frames[i];
		u32 act;
		int err;

		xdp_convert_frame_to_buff(xdpf, &xdp);
		xdp.txq = &txq;
		xdp.rxq = &rxq;

		act = bpf_prog_run_xdp(xdp_prog, &xdp);
		switch (act) {
		case XDP_PASS:
			err = xdp_update_frame_from_buff(&xdp, xdpf);
			if (unlikely(err < 0))
				xdp_return_frame_rx_napi(xdpf);
			else
				frames[nframes++] = xdpf;
			break;
		default:
			bpf_warn_invalid_xdp_action(NULL, xdp_prog, act);
			fallthrough;
		case XDP_ABORTED:
			trace_xdp_exception(tx_dev, xdp_prog, act);
			fallthrough;
		case XDP_DROP:
			xdp_return_frame_rx_napi(xdpf);
			break;
		}
	}
	return nframes; /* sent frames count */
}

static void bq_xmit_all(struct xdp_dev_bulk_queue *bq, u32 flags)
{
	struct net_device *dev = bq->dev;
	unsigned int cnt = bq->count;
	int sent = 0, err = 0;
	int to_send = cnt;
	int i;

	if (unlikely(!cnt))
		return;

	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
		struct xdp_frame *xdpf = bq->q[i];

		prefetch(xdpf);
	}

	if (bq->xdp_prog) {
		to_send = dev_map_bpf_prog_run(bq->xdp_prog, bq->q, cnt, dev, bq->dev_rx);
		if (!to_send)
			goto out;
	}

	sent = dev->netdev_ops->ndo_xdp_xmit(dev, to_send, bq->q, flags);
	if (sent < 0) {
		/* If ndo_xdp_xmit fails with an errno, no frames have
		 * been xmit'ed.
		 */
		err = sent;
		sent = 0;
	}

	/* If not all frames have been transmitted, it is our
	 * responsibility to free them
	 */
	for (i = sent; unlikely(i < to_send); i++)
		xdp_return_frame_rx_napi(bq->q[i]);

out:
	bq->count = 0;
	trace_xdp_devmap_xmit(bq->dev_rx, dev, sent, cnt - sent, err);
}

/* __dev_flush is called from xdp_do_flush() which _must_ be signalled from the
 * driver before returning from its napi->poll() routine. See the comment above
 * xdp_do_flush() in filter.c.
 */
void __dev_flush(void)
{
	struct list_head *flush_list = this_cpu_ptr(&dev_flush_list);
	struct xdp_dev_bulk_queue *bq, *tmp;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(bq, tmp, flush_list, flush_node) {
		bq_xmit_all(bq, XDP_XMIT_FLUSH);
		bq->dev_rx = NULL;
		bq->xdp_prog = NULL;
		__list_del_clearprev(&bq->flush_node);
	}
}

/* Elements are kept alive by RCU; either by rcu_read_lock() (from syscall) or
 * by local_bh_disable() (from XDP calls inside NAPI). The
 * rcu_read_lock_bh_held() below makes lockdep accept both.
 */
static void *__dev_map_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map, u32 key)
{
	struct bpf_dtab *dtab = container_of(map, struct bpf_dtab, map);
	struct bpf_dtab_netdev *obj;

	if (key >= map->max_entries)
		return NULL;

	obj = rcu_dereference_check(dtab->netdev_map[key],
				    rcu_read_lock_bh_held());
	return obj;
}

/* Runs in NAPI, i.e., softirq under local_bh_disable(). Thus, safe percpu
 * variable access, and map elements stick around. See comment above
 * xdp_do_flush() in filter.c.
 */
static void bq_enqueue(struct net_device *dev, struct xdp_frame *xdpf,
		       struct net_device *dev_rx, struct bpf_prog *xdp_prog)
{
	struct list_head *flush_list = this_cpu_ptr(&dev_flush_list);
	struct xdp_dev_bulk_queue *bq = this_cpu_ptr(dev->xdp_bulkq);

	if (unlikely(bq->count == DEV_MAP_BULK_SIZE))
		bq_xmit_all(bq, 0);

	/* Ingress dev_rx will be the same for all xdp_frame's in
	 * bulk_queue, because bq stored per-CPU and must be flushed
	 * from net_device drivers NAPI func end.
	 *
	 * Do the same with xdp_prog and flush_list since these fields
	 * are only ever modified together.
	 */
	if (!bq->dev_rx) {
		bq->dev_rx = dev_rx;
		bq->xdp_prog = xdp_prog;
		list_add(&bq->flush_node, flush_list);
	}

	bq->q[bq->count++] = xdpf;
}

static inline int __xdp_enqueue(struct net_device *dev, struct xdp_frame *xdpf,
				struct net_device *dev_rx,
				struct bpf_prog *xdp_prog)
{
	int err;

	if (!(dev->xdp_features & NETDEV_XDP_ACT_NDO_XMIT))
		return -EOPNOTSUPP;

	if (unlikely(!(dev->xdp_features & NETDEV_XDP_ACT_NDO_XMIT_SG) &&
		     xdp_frame_has_frags(xdpf)))
		return -EOPNOTSUPP;

	err = xdp_ok_fwd_dev(dev, xdp_get_frame_len(xdpf));
	if (unlikely(err))
		return err;

	bq_enqueue(dev, xdpf, dev_rx, xdp_prog);
	return 0;
}

static u32 dev_map_bpf_prog_run_skb(struct sk_buff *skb, struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dst)
{
	struct xdp_txq_info txq = { .dev = dst->dev };
	struct xdp_buff xdp;
	u32 act;

	if (!dst->xdp_prog)
		return XDP_PASS;

	__skb_pull(skb, skb->mac_len);
	xdp.txq = &txq;

	act = bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp(skb, &xdp, dst->xdp_prog);
	switch (act) {
	case XDP_PASS:
		__skb_push(skb, skb->mac_len);
		break;
	default:
		bpf_warn_invalid_xdp_action(NULL, dst->xdp_prog, act);
		fallthrough;
	case XDP_ABORTED:
		trace_xdp_exception(dst->dev, dst->xdp_prog, act);
		fallthrough;
	case XDP_DROP:
		kfree_skb(skb);
		break;
	}

	return act;
}

int dev_xdp_enqueue(struct net_device *dev, struct xdp_frame *xdpf,
		    struct net_device *dev_rx)
{
	return __xdp_enqueue(dev, xdpf, dev_rx, NULL);
}

int dev_map_enqueue(struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dst, struct xdp_frame *xdpf,
		    struct net_device *dev_rx)
{
	struct net_device *dev = dst->dev;

	return __xdp_enqueue(dev, xdpf, dev_rx, dst->xdp_prog);
}

static bool is_valid_dst(struct bpf_dtab_netdev *obj, struct xdp_frame *xdpf)
{
	if (!obj)
		return false;

	if (!(obj->dev->xdp_features & NETDEV_XDP_ACT_NDO_XMIT))
		return false;

	if (unlikely(!(obj->dev->xdp_features & NETDEV_XDP_ACT_NDO_XMIT_SG) &&
		     xdp_frame_has_frags(xdpf)))
		return false;

	if (xdp_ok_fwd_dev(obj->dev, xdp_get_frame_len(xdpf)))
		return false;

	return true;
}

static int dev_map_enqueue_clone(struct bpf_dtab_netdev *obj,
				 struct net_device *dev_rx,
				 struct xdp_frame *xdpf)
{
	struct xdp_frame *nxdpf;

	nxdpf = xdpf_clone(xdpf);
	if (!nxdpf)
		return -ENOMEM;

	bq_enqueue(obj->dev, nxdpf, dev_rx, obj->xdp_prog);

	return 0;
}

static inline bool is_ifindex_excluded(int *excluded, int num_excluded, int ifindex)
{
	while (num_excluded--) {
		if (ifindex == excluded[num_excluded])
			return true;
	}
	return false;
}

/* Get ifindex of each upper device. 'indexes' must be able to hold at
 * least MAX_NEST_DEV elements.
 * Returns the number of ifindexes added.
 */
static int get_upper_ifindexes(struct net_device *dev, int *indexes)
{
	struct net_device *upper;
	struct list_head *iter;
	int n = 0;

	netdev_for_each_upper_dev_rcu(dev, upper, iter) {
		indexes[n++] = upper->ifindex;
	}
	return n;
}

int dev_map_enqueue_multi(struct xdp_frame *xdpf, struct net_device *dev_rx,
			  struct bpf_map *map, bool exclude_ingress)
{
	struct bpf_dtab *dtab = container_of(map, struct bpf_dtab, map);
	struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dst, *last_dst = NULL;
	int excluded_devices[1+MAX_NEST_DEV];
	struct hlist_head *head;
	int num_excluded = 0;
	unsigned int i;
	int err;

	if (exclude_ingress) {
		num_excluded = get_upper_ifindexes(dev_rx, excluded_devices);
		excluded_devices[num_excluded++] = dev_rx->ifindex;
	}

	if (map->map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP) {
		for (i = 0; i < map->max_entries; i++) {
			dst = rcu_dereference_check(dtab->netdev_map[i],
						    rcu_read_lock_bh_held());
			if (!is_valid_dst(dst, xdpf))
				continue;

			if (is_ifindex_excluded(excluded_devices, num_excluded, dst->dev->ifindex))
				continue;

			/* we only need n-1 clones; last_dst enqueued below */
			if (!last_dst) {
				last_dst = dst;
				continue;
			}

			err = dev_map_enqueue_clone(last_dst, dev_rx, xdpf);
			if (err)
				return err;

			last_dst = dst;
		}
	} else { /* BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP_HASH */
		for (i = 0; i < dtab->n_buckets; i++) {
			head = dev_map_index_hash(dtab, i);
			hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(dst, head, index_hlist,
						 lockdep_is_held(&dtab->index_lock)) {
				if (!is_valid_dst(dst, xdpf))
					continue;

				if (is_ifindex_excluded(excluded_devices, num_excluded,
							dst->dev->ifindex))
					continue;

				/* we only need n-1 clones; last_dst enqueued below */
				if (!last_dst) {
					last_dst = dst;
					continue;
				}

				err = dev_map_enqueue_clone(last_dst, dev_rx, xdpf);
				if (err)
					return err;

				last_dst = dst;
			}
		}
	}

	/* consume the last copy of the frame */
	if (last_dst)
		bq_enqueue(last_dst->dev, xdpf, dev_rx, last_dst->xdp_prog);
	else
		xdp_return_frame_rx_napi(xdpf); /* dtab is empty */

	return 0;
}

int dev_map_generic_redirect(struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dst, struct sk_buff *skb,
			     struct bpf_prog *xdp_prog)
{
	int err;

	err = xdp_ok_fwd_dev(dst->dev, skb->len);
	if (unlikely(err))
		return err;

	/* Redirect has already succeeded semantically at this point, so we just
	 * return 0 even if packet is dropped. Helper below takes care of
	 * freeing skb.
	 */
	if (dev_map_bpf_prog_run_skb(skb, dst) != XDP_PASS)
		return 0;

	skb->dev = dst->dev;
	generic_xdp_tx(skb, xdp_prog);

	return 0;
}

static int dev_map_redirect_clone(struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dst,
				  struct sk_buff *skb,
				  struct bpf_prog *xdp_prog)
{
	struct sk_buff *nskb;
	int err;

	nskb = skb_clone(skb, GFP_ATOMIC);
	if (!nskb)
		return -ENOMEM;

	err = dev_map_generic_redirect(dst, nskb, xdp_prog);
	if (unlikely(err)) {
		consume_skb(nskb);
		return err;
	}

	return 0;
}

int dev_map_redirect_multi(struct net_device *dev, struct sk_buff *skb,
			   struct bpf_prog *xdp_prog, struct bpf_map *map,
			   bool exclude_ingress)
{
	struct bpf_dtab *dtab = container_of(map, struct bpf_dtab, map);
	struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dst, *last_dst = NULL;
	int excluded_devices[1+MAX_NEST_DEV];
	struct hlist_head *head;
	struct hlist_node *next;
	int num_excluded = 0;
	unsigned int i;
	int err;

	if (exclude_ingress) {
		num_excluded = get_upper_ifindexes(dev, excluded_devices);
		excluded_devices[num_excluded++] = dev->ifindex;
	}

	if (map->map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP) {
		for (i = 0; i < map->max_entries; i++) {
			dst = rcu_dereference_check(dtab->netdev_map[i],
						    rcu_read_lock_bh_held());
			if (!dst)
				continue;

			if (is_ifindex_excluded(excluded_devices, num_excluded, dst->dev->ifindex))
				continue;

			/* we only need n-1 clones; last_dst enqueued below */
			if (!last_dst) {
				last_dst = dst;
				continue;
			}

			err = dev_map_redirect_clone(last_dst, skb, xdp_prog);
			if (err)
				return err;

			last_dst = dst;

		}
	} else { /* BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP_HASH */
		for (i = 0; i < dtab->n_buckets; i++) {
			head = dev_map_index_hash(dtab, i);
			hlist_for_each_entry_safe(dst, next, head, index_hlist) {
				if (!dst)
					continue;

				if (is_ifindex_excluded(excluded_devices, num_excluded,
							dst->dev->ifindex))
					continue;

				/* we only need n-1 clones; last_dst enqueued below */
				if (!last_dst) {
					last_dst = dst;
					continue;
				}

				err = dev_map_redirect_clone(last_dst, skb, xdp_prog);
				if (err)
					return err;

				last_dst = dst;
			}
		}
	}

	/* consume the first skb and return */
	if (last_dst)
		return dev_map_generic_redirect(last_dst, skb, xdp_prog);

	/* dtab is empty */
	consume_skb(skb);
	return 0;
}

static void *dev_map_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *key)
{
	struct bpf_dtab_netdev *obj = __dev_map_lookup_elem(map, *(u32 *)key);

	return obj ? &obj->val : NULL;
}

static void *dev_map_hash_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *key)
{
	struct bpf_dtab_netdev *obj = __dev_map_hash_lookup_elem(map,
								*(u32 *)key);
	return obj ? &obj->val : NULL;
}

static void __dev_map_entry_free(struct rcu_head *rcu)
{
	struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dev;

	dev = container_of(rcu, struct bpf_dtab_netdev, rcu);
	if (dev->xdp_prog)
		bpf_prog_put(dev->xdp_prog);
	dev_put(dev->dev);
	kfree(dev);
}

static long dev_map_delete_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *key)
{
	struct bpf_dtab *dtab = container_of(map, struct bpf_dtab, map);
	struct bpf_dtab_netdev *old_dev;
	int k = *(u32 *)key;

	if (k >= map->max_entries)
		return -EINVAL;

	old_dev = unrcu_pointer(xchg(&dtab->netdev_map[k], NULL));
	if (old_dev) {
		call_rcu(&old_dev->rcu, __dev_map_entry_free);
		atomic_dec((atomic_t *)&dtab->items);
	}
	return 0;
}

static long dev_map_hash_delete_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *key)
{
	struct bpf_dtab *dtab = container_of(map, struct bpf_dtab, map);
	struct bpf_dtab_netdev *old_dev;
	int k = *(u32 *)key;
	unsigned long flags;
	int ret = -ENOENT;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&dtab->index_lock, flags);

	old_dev = __dev_map_hash_lookup_elem(map, k);
	if (old_dev) {
		dtab->items--;
		hlist_del_init_rcu(&old_dev->index_hlist);
		call_rcu(&old_dev->rcu, __dev_map_entry_free);
		ret = 0;
	}
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dtab->index_lock, flags);

	return ret;
}

static struct bpf_dtab_netdev *__dev_map_alloc_node(struct net *net,
						    struct bpf_dtab *dtab,
						    struct bpf_devmap_val *val,
						    unsigned int idx)
{
	struct bpf_prog *prog = NULL;
	struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dev;

	dev = bpf_map_kmalloc_node(&dtab->map, sizeof(*dev),
				   GFP_NOWAIT | __GFP_NOWARN,
				   dtab->map.numa_node);
	if (!dev)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	dev->dev = dev_get_by_index(net, val->ifindex);
	if (!dev->dev)
		goto err_out;

	if (val->bpf_prog.fd > 0) {
		prog = bpf_prog_get_type_dev(val->bpf_prog.fd,
					     BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP, false);
		if (IS_ERR(prog))
			goto err_put_dev;
		if (prog->expected_attach_type != BPF_XDP_DEVMAP ||
		    !bpf_prog_map_compatible(&dtab->map, prog))
			goto err_put_prog;
	}

	dev->idx = idx;
	if (prog) {
		dev->xdp_prog = prog;
		dev->val.bpf_prog.id = prog->aux->id;
	} else {
		dev->xdp_prog = NULL;
		dev->val.bpf_prog.id = 0;
	}
	dev->val.ifindex = val->ifindex;

	return dev;
err_put_prog:
	bpf_prog_put(prog);
err_put_dev:
	dev_put(dev->dev);
err_out:
	kfree(dev);
	return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
}

static long __dev_map_update_elem(struct net *net, struct bpf_map *map,
				  void *key, void *value, u64 map_flags)
{
	struct bpf_dtab *dtab = container_of(map, struct bpf_dtab, map);
	struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dev, *old_dev;
	struct bpf_devmap_val val = {};
	u32 i = *(u32 *)key;

	if (unlikely(map_flags > BPF_EXIST))
		return -EINVAL;
	if (unlikely(i >= dtab->map.max_entries))
		return -E2BIG;
	if (unlikely(map_flags == BPF_NOEXIST))
		return -EEXIST;

	/* already verified value_size <= sizeof val */
	memcpy(&val, value, map->value_size);

	if (!val.ifindex) {
		dev = NULL;
		/* can not specify fd if ifindex is 0 */
		if (val.bpf_prog.fd > 0)
			return -EINVAL;
	} else {
		dev = __dev_map_alloc_node(net, dtab, &val, i);
		if (IS_ERR(dev))
			return PTR_ERR(dev);
	}

	/* Use call_rcu() here to ensure rcu critical sections have completed
	 * Remembering the driver side flush operation will happen before the
	 * net device is removed.
	 */
	old_dev = unrcu_pointer(xchg(&dtab->netdev_map[i], RCU_INITIALIZER(dev)));
	if (old_dev)
		call_rcu(&old_dev->rcu, __dev_map_entry_free);
	else
		atomic_inc((atomic_t *)&dtab->items);

	return 0;
}

static long dev_map_update_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *key, void *value,
				u64 map_flags)
{
	return __dev_map_update_elem(current->nsproxy->net_ns,
				     map, key, value, map_flags);
}

static long __dev_map_hash_update_elem(struct net *net, struct bpf_map *map,
				       void *key, void *value, u64 map_flags)
{
	struct bpf_dtab *dtab = container_of(map, struct bpf_dtab, map);
	struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dev, *old_dev;
	struct bpf_devmap_val val = {};
	u32 idx = *(u32 *)key;
	unsigned long flags;
	int err = -EEXIST;

	/* already verified value_size <= sizeof val */
	memcpy(&val, value, map->value_size);

	if (unlikely(map_flags > BPF_EXIST || !val.ifindex))
		return -EINVAL;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&dtab->index_lock, flags);

	old_dev = __dev_map_hash_lookup_elem(map, idx);
	if (old_dev && (map_flags & BPF_NOEXIST))
		goto out_err;

	dev = __dev_map_alloc_node(net, dtab, &val, idx);
	if (IS_ERR(dev)) {
		err = PTR_ERR(dev);
		goto out_err;
	}

	if (old_dev) {
		hlist_del_rcu(&old_dev->index_hlist);
	} else {
		if (dtab->items >= dtab->map.max_entries) {
			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dtab->index_lock, flags);
			call_rcu(&dev->rcu, __dev_map_entry_free);
			return -E2BIG;
		}
		dtab->items++;
	}

	hlist_add_head_rcu(&dev->index_hlist,
			   dev_map_index_hash(dtab, idx));
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dtab->index_lock, flags);

	if (old_dev)
		call_rcu(&old_dev->rcu, __dev_map_entry_free);

	return 0;

out_err:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dtab->index_lock, flags);
	return err;
}

static long dev_map_hash_update_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *key, void *value,
				     u64 map_flags)
{
	return __dev_map_hash_update_elem(current->nsproxy->net_ns,
					 map, key, value, map_flags);
}

static long dev_map_redirect(struct bpf_map *map, u64 ifindex, u64 flags)
{
	return __bpf_xdp_redirect_map(map, ifindex, flags,
				      BPF_F_BROADCAST | BPF_F_EXCLUDE_INGRESS,
				      __dev_map_lookup_elem);
}

static long dev_hash_map_redirect(struct bpf_map *map, u64 ifindex, u64 flags)
{
	return __bpf_xdp_redirect_map(map, ifindex, flags,
				      BPF_F_BROADCAST | BPF_F_EXCLUDE_INGRESS,
				      __dev_map_hash_lookup_elem);
}

static u64 dev_map_mem_usage(const struct bpf_map *map)
{
	struct bpf_dtab *dtab = container_of(map, struct bpf_dtab, map);
	u64 usage = sizeof(struct bpf_dtab);

	if (map->map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP_HASH)
		usage += (u64)dtab->n_buckets * sizeof(struct hlist_head);
	else
		usage += (u64)map->max_entries * sizeof(struct bpf_dtab_netdev *);
	usage += atomic_read((atomic_t *)&dtab->items) *
			 (u64)sizeof(struct bpf_dtab_netdev);
	return usage;
}

BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE(dev_map_btf_ids, struct, bpf_dtab)
const struct bpf_map_ops dev_map_ops = {
	.map_meta_equal = bpf_map_meta_equal,
	.map_alloc = dev_map_alloc,
	.map_free = dev_map_free,
	.map_get_next_key = dev_map_get_next_key,
	.map_lookup_elem = dev_map_lookup_elem,
	.map_update_elem = dev_map_update_elem,
	.map_delete_elem = dev_map_delete_elem,
	.map_check_btf = map_check_no_btf,
	.map_mem_usage = dev_map_mem_usage,
	.map_btf_id = &dev_map_btf_ids[0],
	.map_redirect = dev_map_redirect,
};

const struct bpf_map_ops dev_map_hash_ops = {
	.map_meta_equal = bpf_map_meta_equal,
	.map_alloc = dev_map_alloc,
	.map_free = dev_map_free,
	.map_get_next_key = dev_map_hash_get_next_key,
	.map_lookup_elem = dev_map_hash_lookup_elem,
	.map_update_elem = dev_map_hash_update_elem,
	.map_delete_elem = dev_map_hash_delete_elem,
	.map_check_btf = map_check_no_btf,
	.map_mem_usage = dev_map_mem_usage,
	.map_btf_id = &dev_map_btf_ids[0],
	.map_redirect = dev_hash_map_redirect,
};

static void dev_map_hash_remove_netdev(struct bpf_dtab *dtab,
				       struct net_device *netdev)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	u32 i;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&dtab->index_lock, flags);
	for (i = 0; i < dtab->n_buckets; i++) {
		struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dev;
		struct hlist_head *head;
		struct hlist_node *next;

		head = dev_map_index_hash(dtab, i);

		hlist_for_each_entry_safe(dev, next, head, index_hlist) {
			if (netdev != dev->dev)
				continue;

			dtab->items--;
			hlist_del_rcu(&dev->index_hlist);
			call_rcu(&dev->rcu, __dev_map_entry_free);
		}
	}
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dtab->index_lock, flags);
}

static int dev_map_notification(struct notifier_block *notifier,
				ulong event, void *ptr)
{
	struct net_device *netdev = netdev_notifier_info_to_dev(ptr);
	struct bpf_dtab *dtab;
	int i, cpu;

	switch (event) {
	case NETDEV_REGISTER:
		if (!netdev->netdev_ops->ndo_xdp_xmit || netdev->xdp_bulkq)
			break;

		/* will be freed in free_netdev() */
		netdev->xdp_bulkq = alloc_percpu(struct xdp_dev_bulk_queue);
		if (!netdev->xdp_bulkq)
			return NOTIFY_BAD;

		for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
			per_cpu_ptr(netdev->xdp_bulkq, cpu)->dev = netdev;
		break;
	case NETDEV_UNREGISTER:
		/* This rcu_read_lock/unlock pair is needed because
		 * dev_map_list is an RCU list AND to ensure a delete
		 * operation does not free a netdev_map entry while we
		 * are comparing it against the netdev being unregistered.
		 */
		rcu_read_lock();
		list_for_each_entry_rcu(dtab, &dev_map_list, list) {
			if (dtab->map.map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP_HASH) {
				dev_map_hash_remove_netdev(dtab, netdev);
				continue;
			}

			for (i = 0; i < dtab->map.max_entries; i++) {
				struct bpf_dtab_netdev *dev, *odev;

				dev = rcu_dereference(dtab->netdev_map[i]);
				if (!dev || netdev != dev->dev)
					continue;
				odev = unrcu_pointer(cmpxchg(&dtab->netdev_map[i], RCU_INITIALIZER(dev), NULL));
				if (dev == odev) {
					call_rcu(&dev->rcu,
						 __dev_map_entry_free);
					atomic_dec((atomic_t *)&dtab->items);
				}
			}
		}
		rcu_read_unlock();
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
	return NOTIFY_OK;
}

static struct notifier_block dev_map_notifier = {
	.notifier_call = dev_map_notification,
};

static int __init dev_map_init(void)
{
	int cpu;

	/* Assure tracepoint shadow struct _bpf_dtab_netdev is in sync */
	BUILD_BUG_ON(offsetof(struct bpf_dtab_netdev, dev) !=
		     offsetof(struct _bpf_dtab_netdev, dev));
	register_netdevice_notifier(&dev_map_notifier);

	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&per_cpu(dev_flush_list, cpu));
	return 0;
}

subsys_initcall(dev_map_init);