xref: /openbmc/linux/init/Kconfig (revision 5540869a)
1# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2config CC_VERSION_TEXT
3	string
4	default "$(CC_VERSION_TEXT)"
5	help
6	  This is used in unclear ways:
7
8	  - Re-run Kconfig when the compiler is updated
9	    The 'default' property references the environment variable,
10	    CC_VERSION_TEXT so it is recorded in include/config/auto.conf.cmd.
11	    When the compiler is updated, Kconfig will be invoked.
12
13	  - Ensure full rebuild when the compiler is updated
14	    include/linux/compiler-version.h contains this option in the comment
15	    line so fixdep adds include/config/CC_VERSION_TEXT into the
16	    auto-generated dependency. When the compiler is updated, syncconfig
17	    will touch it and then every file will be rebuilt.
18
19config CC_IS_GCC
20	def_bool $(success,test "$(cc-name)" = GCC)
21
22config GCC_VERSION
23	int
24	default $(cc-version) if CC_IS_GCC
25	default 0
26
27config CC_IS_CLANG
28	def_bool $(success,test "$(cc-name)" = Clang)
29
30config CLANG_VERSION
31	int
32	default $(cc-version) if CC_IS_CLANG
33	default 0
34
35config AS_IS_GNU
36	def_bool $(success,test "$(as-name)" = GNU)
37
38config AS_IS_LLVM
39	def_bool $(success,test "$(as-name)" = LLVM)
40
41config AS_VERSION
42	int
43	# Use clang version if this is the integrated assembler
44	default CLANG_VERSION if AS_IS_LLVM
45	default $(as-version)
46
47config LD_IS_BFD
48	def_bool $(success,test "$(ld-name)" = BFD)
49
50config LD_VERSION
51	int
52	default $(ld-version) if LD_IS_BFD
53	default 0
54
55config LD_IS_LLD
56	def_bool $(success,test "$(ld-name)" = LLD)
57
58config LLD_VERSION
59	int
60	default $(ld-version) if LD_IS_LLD
61	default 0
62
63config RUST_IS_AVAILABLE
64	def_bool $(success,$(srctree)/scripts/rust_is_available.sh)
65	help
66	  This shows whether a suitable Rust toolchain is available (found).
67
68	  Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst for instructions on how
69	  to satisfy the build requirements of Rust support.
70
71	  In particular, the Makefile target 'rustavailable' is useful to check
72	  why the Rust toolchain is not being detected.
73
74config CC_CAN_LINK
75	bool
76	default $(success,$(srctree)/scripts/cc-can-link.sh $(CC) $(CLANG_FLAGS) $(USERCFLAGS) $(USERLDFLAGS) $(m64-flag)) if 64BIT
77	default $(success,$(srctree)/scripts/cc-can-link.sh $(CC) $(CLANG_FLAGS) $(USERCFLAGS) $(USERLDFLAGS) $(m32-flag))
78
79config CC_CAN_LINK_STATIC
80	bool
81	default $(success,$(srctree)/scripts/cc-can-link.sh $(CC) $(CLANG_FLAGS) $(USERCFLAGS) $(USERLDFLAGS) $(m64-flag) -static) if 64BIT
82	default $(success,$(srctree)/scripts/cc-can-link.sh $(CC) $(CLANG_FLAGS) $(USERCFLAGS) $(USERLDFLAGS) $(m32-flag) -static)
83
84config CC_HAS_ASM_GOTO_OUTPUT
85	def_bool $(success,echo 'int foo(int x) { asm goto ("": "=r"(x) ::: bar); return x; bar: return 0; }' | $(CC) -x c - -c -o /dev/null)
86
87config CC_HAS_ASM_GOTO_TIED_OUTPUT
88	depends on CC_HAS_ASM_GOTO_OUTPUT
89	# Detect buggy gcc and clang, fixed in gcc-11 clang-14.
90	def_bool $(success,echo 'int foo(int *x) { asm goto (".long (%l[bar]) - .": "+m"(*x) ::: bar); return *x; bar: return 0; }' | $CC -x c - -c -o /dev/null)
91
92config GCC_ASM_GOTO_OUTPUT_WORKAROUND
93	bool
94	depends on CC_IS_GCC && CC_HAS_ASM_GOTO_OUTPUT
95	# Fixed in GCC 14, 13.3, 12.4 and 11.5
96	# https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=113921
97	default y if GCC_VERSION < 110500
98	default y if GCC_VERSION >= 120000 && GCC_VERSION < 120400
99	default y if GCC_VERSION >= 130000 && GCC_VERSION < 130300
100
101config TOOLS_SUPPORT_RELR
102	def_bool $(success,env "CC=$(CC)" "LD=$(LD)" "NM=$(NM)" "OBJCOPY=$(OBJCOPY)" $(srctree)/scripts/tools-support-relr.sh)
103
104config CC_HAS_ASM_INLINE
105	def_bool $(success,echo 'void foo(void) { asm inline (""); }' | $(CC) -x c - -c -o /dev/null)
106
107config CC_HAS_NO_PROFILE_FN_ATTR
108	def_bool $(success,echo '__attribute__((no_profile_instrument_function)) int x();' | $(CC) -x c - -c -o /dev/null -Werror)
109
110config CC_HAS_COUNTED_BY
111	# TODO: when gcc 15 is released remove the build test and add
112	# a gcc version check
113	def_bool $(success,echo 'struct flex { int count; int array[] __attribute__((__counted_by__(count))); };' | $(CC) $(CLANG_FLAGS) -x c - -c -o /dev/null -Werror)
114	# clang needs to be at least 19.1.3 to avoid __bdos miscalculations
115	# https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/110497
116	# https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/112636
117	depends on !(CC_IS_CLANG && CLANG_VERSION < 190103)
118
119config PAHOLE_VERSION
120	int
121	default $(shell,$(srctree)/scripts/pahole-version.sh $(PAHOLE))
122
123config CONSTRUCTORS
124	bool
125
126config IRQ_WORK
127	bool
128
129config BUILDTIME_TABLE_SORT
130	bool
131
132config THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
133	bool
134	help
135	  Select this to move thread_info off the stack into task_struct.  To
136	  make this work, an arch will need to remove all thread_info fields
137	  except flags and fix any runtime bugs.
138
139	  One subtle change that will be needed is to use try_get_task_stack()
140	  and put_task_stack() in save_thread_stack_tsk() and get_wchan().
141
142menu "General setup"
143
144config BROKEN
145	bool
146
147config BROKEN_ON_SMP
148	bool
149	depends on BROKEN || !SMP
150	default y
151
152config INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
153	int
154	default 32 if !UML
155	default 128 if UML
156	help
157	  Maximum of each of the number of arguments and environment
158	  variables passed to init from the kernel command line.
159
160config COMPILE_TEST
161	bool "Compile also drivers which will not load"
162	depends on HAS_IOMEM
163	help
164	  Some drivers can be compiled on a different platform than they are
165	  intended to be run on. Despite they cannot be loaded there (or even
166	  when they load they cannot be used due to missing HW support),
167	  developers still, opposing to distributors, might want to build such
168	  drivers to compile-test them.
169
170	  If you are a developer and want to build everything available, say Y
171	  here. If you are a user/distributor, say N here to exclude useless
172	  drivers to be distributed.
173
174config WERROR
175	bool "Compile the kernel with warnings as errors"
176	default COMPILE_TEST
177	help
178	  A kernel build should not cause any compiler warnings, and this
179	  enables the '-Werror' (for C) and '-Dwarnings' (for Rust) flags
180	  to enforce that rule by default. Certain warnings from other tools
181	  such as the linker may be upgraded to errors with this option as
182	  well.
183
184	  However, if you have a new (or very old) compiler or linker with odd
185	  and unusual warnings, or you have some architecture with problems,
186	  you may need to disable this config option in order to
187	  successfully build the kernel.
188
189	  If in doubt, say Y.
190
191config UAPI_HEADER_TEST
192	bool "Compile test UAPI headers"
193	depends on HEADERS_INSTALL && CC_CAN_LINK
194	help
195	  Compile test headers exported to user-space to ensure they are
196	  self-contained, i.e. compilable as standalone units.
197
198	  If you are a developer or tester and want to ensure the exported
199	  headers are self-contained, say Y here. Otherwise, choose N.
200
201config LOCALVERSION
202	string "Local version - append to kernel release"
203	help
204	  Append an extra string to the end of your kernel version.
205	  This will show up when you type uname, for example.
206	  The string you set here will be appended after the contents of
207	  any files with a filename matching localversion* in your
208	  object and source tree, in that order.  Your total string can
209	  be a maximum of 64 characters.
210
211config LOCALVERSION_AUTO
212	bool "Automatically append version information to the version string"
213	default y
214	depends on !COMPILE_TEST
215	help
216	  This will try to automatically determine if the current tree is a
217	  release tree by looking for git tags that belong to the current
218	  top of tree revision.
219
220	  A string of the format -gxxxxxxxx will be added to the localversion
221	  if a git-based tree is found.  The string generated by this will be
222	  appended after any matching localversion* files, and after the value
223	  set in CONFIG_LOCALVERSION.
224
225	  (The actual string used here is the first 12 characters produced
226	  by running the command:
227
228	    $ git rev-parse --verify HEAD
229
230	  which is done within the script "scripts/setlocalversion".)
231
232config BUILD_SALT
233	string "Build ID Salt"
234	default ""
235	help
236	  The build ID is used to link binaries and their debug info. Setting
237	  this option will use the value in the calculation of the build id.
238	  This is mostly useful for distributions which want to ensure the
239	  build is unique between builds. It's safe to leave the default.
240
241config HAVE_KERNEL_GZIP
242	bool
243
244config HAVE_KERNEL_BZIP2
245	bool
246
247config HAVE_KERNEL_LZMA
248	bool
249
250config HAVE_KERNEL_XZ
251	bool
252
253config HAVE_KERNEL_LZO
254	bool
255
256config HAVE_KERNEL_LZ4
257	bool
258
259config HAVE_KERNEL_ZSTD
260	bool
261
262config HAVE_KERNEL_UNCOMPRESSED
263	bool
264
265choice
266	prompt "Kernel compression mode"
267	default KERNEL_GZIP
268	depends on HAVE_KERNEL_GZIP || HAVE_KERNEL_BZIP2 || HAVE_KERNEL_LZMA || HAVE_KERNEL_XZ || HAVE_KERNEL_LZO || HAVE_KERNEL_LZ4 || HAVE_KERNEL_ZSTD || HAVE_KERNEL_UNCOMPRESSED
269	help
270	  The linux kernel is a kind of self-extracting executable.
271	  Several compression algorithms are available, which differ
272	  in efficiency, compression and decompression speed.
273	  Compression speed is only relevant when building a kernel.
274	  Decompression speed is relevant at each boot.
275
276	  If you have any problems with bzip2 or lzma compressed
277	  kernels, mail me (Alain Knaff) <alain@knaff.lu>. (An older
278	  version of this functionality (bzip2 only), for 2.4, was
279	  supplied by Christian Ludwig)
280
281	  High compression options are mostly useful for users, who
282	  are low on disk space (embedded systems), but for whom ram
283	  size matters less.
284
285	  If in doubt, select 'gzip'
286
287config KERNEL_GZIP
288	bool "Gzip"
289	depends on HAVE_KERNEL_GZIP
290	help
291	  The old and tried gzip compression. It provides a good balance
292	  between compression ratio and decompression speed.
293
294config KERNEL_BZIP2
295	bool "Bzip2"
296	depends on HAVE_KERNEL_BZIP2
297	help
298	  Its compression ratio and speed is intermediate.
299	  Decompression speed is slowest among the choices.  The kernel
300	  size is about 10% smaller with bzip2, in comparison to gzip.
301	  Bzip2 uses a large amount of memory. For modern kernels you
302	  will need at least 8MB RAM or more for booting.
303
304config KERNEL_LZMA
305	bool "LZMA"
306	depends on HAVE_KERNEL_LZMA
307	help
308	  This compression algorithm's ratio is best.  Decompression speed
309	  is between gzip and bzip2.  Compression is slowest.
310	  The kernel size is about 33% smaller with LZMA in comparison to gzip.
311
312config KERNEL_XZ
313	bool "XZ"
314	depends on HAVE_KERNEL_XZ
315	help
316	  XZ uses the LZMA2 algorithm and instruction set specific
317	  BCJ filters which can improve compression ratio of executable
318	  code. The size of the kernel is about 30% smaller with XZ in
319	  comparison to gzip. On architectures for which there is a BCJ
320	  filter (i386, x86_64, ARM, IA-64, PowerPC, and SPARC), XZ
321	  will create a few percent smaller kernel than plain LZMA.
322
323	  The speed is about the same as with LZMA: The decompression
324	  speed of XZ is better than that of bzip2 but worse than gzip
325	  and LZO. Compression is slow.
326
327config KERNEL_LZO
328	bool "LZO"
329	depends on HAVE_KERNEL_LZO
330	help
331	  Its compression ratio is the poorest among the choices. The kernel
332	  size is about 10% bigger than gzip; however its speed
333	  (both compression and decompression) is the fastest.
334
335config KERNEL_LZ4
336	bool "LZ4"
337	depends on HAVE_KERNEL_LZ4
338	help
339	  LZ4 is an LZ77-type compressor with a fixed, byte-oriented encoding.
340	  A preliminary version of LZ4 de/compression tool is available at
341	  <https://code.google.com/p/lz4/>.
342
343	  Its compression ratio is worse than LZO. The size of the kernel
344	  is about 8% bigger than LZO. But the decompression speed is
345	  faster than LZO.
346
347config KERNEL_ZSTD
348	bool "ZSTD"
349	depends on HAVE_KERNEL_ZSTD
350	help
351	  ZSTD is a compression algorithm targeting intermediate compression
352	  with fast decompression speed. It will compress better than GZIP and
353	  decompress around the same speed as LZO, but slower than LZ4. You
354	  will need at least 192 KB RAM or more for booting. The zstd command
355	  line tool is required for compression.
356
357config KERNEL_UNCOMPRESSED
358	bool "None"
359	depends on HAVE_KERNEL_UNCOMPRESSED
360	help
361	  Produce uncompressed kernel image. This option is usually not what
362	  you want. It is useful for debugging the kernel in slow simulation
363	  environments, where decompressing and moving the kernel is awfully
364	  slow. This option allows early boot code to skip the decompressor
365	  and jump right at uncompressed kernel image.
366
367endchoice
368
369config DEFAULT_INIT
370	string "Default init path"
371	default ""
372	help
373	  This option determines the default init for the system if no init=
374	  option is passed on the kernel command line. If the requested path is
375	  not present, we will still then move on to attempting further
376	  locations (e.g. /sbin/init, etc). If this is empty, we will just use
377	  the fallback list when init= is not passed.
378
379config DEFAULT_HOSTNAME
380	string "Default hostname"
381	default "(none)"
382	help
383	  This option determines the default system hostname before userspace
384	  calls sethostname(2). The kernel traditionally uses "(none)" here,
385	  but you may wish to use a different default here to make a minimal
386	  system more usable with less configuration.
387
388config SYSVIPC
389	bool "System V IPC"
390	help
391	  Inter Process Communication is a suite of library functions and
392	  system calls which let processes (running programs) synchronize and
393	  exchange information. It is generally considered to be a good thing,
394	  and some programs won't run unless you say Y here. In particular, if
395	  you want to run the DOS emulator dosemu under Linux (read the
396	  DOSEMU-HOWTO, available from <http://www.tldp.org/docs.html#howto>),
397	  you'll need to say Y here.
398
399	  You can find documentation about IPC with "info ipc" and also in
400	  section 6.4 of the Linux Programmer's Guide, available from
401	  <http://www.tldp.org/guides.html>.
402
403config SYSVIPC_SYSCTL
404	bool
405	depends on SYSVIPC
406	depends on SYSCTL
407	default y
408
409config SYSVIPC_COMPAT
410	def_bool y
411	depends on COMPAT && SYSVIPC
412
413config POSIX_MQUEUE
414	bool "POSIX Message Queues"
415	depends on NET
416	help
417	  POSIX variant of message queues is a part of IPC. In POSIX message
418	  queues every message has a priority which decides about succession
419	  of receiving it by a process. If you want to compile and run
420	  programs written e.g. for Solaris with use of its POSIX message
421	  queues (functions mq_*) say Y here.
422
423	  POSIX message queues are visible as a filesystem called 'mqueue'
424	  and can be mounted somewhere if you want to do filesystem
425	  operations on message queues.
426
427	  If unsure, say Y.
428
429config POSIX_MQUEUE_SYSCTL
430	bool
431	depends on POSIX_MQUEUE
432	depends on SYSCTL
433	default y
434
435config WATCH_QUEUE
436	bool "General notification queue"
437	default n
438	help
439
440	  This is a general notification queue for the kernel to pass events to
441	  userspace by splicing them into pipes.  It can be used in conjunction
442	  with watches for key/keyring change notifications and device
443	  notifications.
444
445	  See Documentation/core-api/watch_queue.rst
446
447config CROSS_MEMORY_ATTACH
448	bool "Enable process_vm_readv/writev syscalls"
449	depends on MMU
450	default y
451	help
452	  Enabling this option adds the system calls process_vm_readv and
453	  process_vm_writev which allow a process with the correct privileges
454	  to directly read from or write to another process' address space.
455	  See the man page for more details.
456
457config USELIB
458	bool "uselib syscall (for libc5 and earlier)"
459	default ALPHA || M68K || SPARC
460	help
461	  This option enables the uselib syscall, a system call used in the
462	  dynamic linker from libc5 and earlier.  glibc does not use this
463	  system call.  If you intend to run programs built on libc5 or
464	  earlier, you may need to enable this syscall.  Current systems
465	  running glibc can safely disable this.
466
467config AUDIT
468	bool "Auditing support"
469	depends on NET
470	help
471	  Enable auditing infrastructure that can be used with another
472	  kernel subsystem, such as SELinux (which requires this for
473	  logging of avc messages output).  System call auditing is included
474	  on architectures which support it.
475
476config HAVE_ARCH_AUDITSYSCALL
477	bool
478
479config AUDITSYSCALL
480	def_bool y
481	depends on AUDIT && HAVE_ARCH_AUDITSYSCALL
482	select FSNOTIFY
483
484source "kernel/irq/Kconfig"
485source "kernel/time/Kconfig"
486source "kernel/bpf/Kconfig"
487source "kernel/Kconfig.preempt"
488
489menu "CPU/Task time and stats accounting"
490
491config VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING
492	bool
493
494choice
495	prompt "Cputime accounting"
496	default TICK_CPU_ACCOUNTING
497
498# Kind of a stub config for the pure tick based cputime accounting
499config TICK_CPU_ACCOUNTING
500	bool "Simple tick based cputime accounting"
501	depends on !S390 && !NO_HZ_FULL
502	help
503	  This is the basic tick based cputime accounting that maintains
504	  statistics about user, system and idle time spent on per jiffies
505	  granularity.
506
507	  If unsure, say Y.
508
509config VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_NATIVE
510	bool "Deterministic task and CPU time accounting"
511	depends on HAVE_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING && !NO_HZ_FULL
512	select VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING
513	help
514	  Select this option to enable more accurate task and CPU time
515	  accounting.  This is done by reading a CPU counter on each
516	  kernel entry and exit and on transitions within the kernel
517	  between system, softirq and hardirq state, so there is a
518	  small performance impact.  In the case of s390 or IBM POWER > 5,
519	  this also enables accounting of stolen time on logically-partitioned
520	  systems.
521
522config VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN
523	bool "Full dynticks CPU time accounting"
524	depends on HAVE_CONTEXT_TRACKING_USER
525	depends on HAVE_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN
526	depends on GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS
527	select VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING
528	select CONTEXT_TRACKING_USER
529	help
530	  Select this option to enable task and CPU time accounting on full
531	  dynticks systems. This accounting is implemented by watching every
532	  kernel-user boundaries using the context tracking subsystem.
533	  The accounting is thus performed at the expense of some significant
534	  overhead.
535
536	  For now this is only useful if you are working on the full
537	  dynticks subsystem development.
538
539	  If unsure, say N.
540
541endchoice
542
543config IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING
544	bool "Fine granularity task level IRQ time accounting"
545	depends on HAVE_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING && !VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_NATIVE
546	help
547	  Select this option to enable fine granularity task irq time
548	  accounting. This is done by reading a timestamp on each
549	  transitions between softirq and hardirq state, so there can be a
550	  small performance impact.
551
552	  If in doubt, say N here.
553
554config HAVE_SCHED_AVG_IRQ
555	def_bool y
556	depends on IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING || PARAVIRT_TIME_ACCOUNTING
557	depends on SMP
558
559config SCHED_THERMAL_PRESSURE
560	bool
561	default y if ARM && ARM_CPU_TOPOLOGY
562	default y if ARM64
563	depends on SMP
564	depends on CPU_FREQ_THERMAL
565	help
566	  Select this option to enable thermal pressure accounting in the
567	  scheduler. Thermal pressure is the value conveyed to the scheduler
568	  that reflects the reduction in CPU compute capacity resulted from
569	  thermal throttling. Thermal throttling occurs when the performance of
570	  a CPU is capped due to high operating temperatures.
571
572	  If selected, the scheduler will be able to balance tasks accordingly,
573	  i.e. put less load on throttled CPUs than on non/less throttled ones.
574
575	  This requires the architecture to implement
576	  arch_update_thermal_pressure() and arch_scale_thermal_pressure().
577
578config BSD_PROCESS_ACCT
579	bool "BSD Process Accounting"
580	depends on MULTIUSER
581	help
582	  If you say Y here, a user level program will be able to instruct the
583	  kernel (via a special system call) to write process accounting
584	  information to a file: whenever a process exits, information about
585	  that process will be appended to the file by the kernel.  The
586	  information includes things such as creation time, owning user,
587	  command name, memory usage, controlling terminal etc. (the complete
588	  list is in the struct acct in <file:include/linux/acct.h>).  It is
589	  up to the user level program to do useful things with this
590	  information.  This is generally a good idea, so say Y.
591
592config BSD_PROCESS_ACCT_V3
593	bool "BSD Process Accounting version 3 file format"
594	depends on BSD_PROCESS_ACCT
595	default n
596	help
597	  If you say Y here, the process accounting information is written
598	  in a new file format that also logs the process IDs of each
599	  process and its parent. Note that this file format is incompatible
600	  with previous v0/v1/v2 file formats, so you will need updated tools
601	  for processing it. A preliminary version of these tools is available
602	  at <http://www.gnu.org/software/acct/>.
603
604config TASKSTATS
605	bool "Export task/process statistics through netlink"
606	depends on NET
607	depends on MULTIUSER
608	default n
609	help
610	  Export selected statistics for tasks/processes through the
611	  generic netlink interface. Unlike BSD process accounting, the
612	  statistics are available during the lifetime of tasks/processes as
613	  responses to commands. Like BSD accounting, they are sent to user
614	  space on task exit.
615
616	  Say N if unsure.
617
618config TASK_DELAY_ACCT
619	bool "Enable per-task delay accounting"
620	depends on TASKSTATS
621	select SCHED_INFO
622	help
623	  Collect information on time spent by a task waiting for system
624	  resources like cpu, synchronous block I/O completion and swapping
625	  in pages. Such statistics can help in setting a task's priorities
626	  relative to other tasks for cpu, io, rss limits etc.
627
628	  Say N if unsure.
629
630config TASK_XACCT
631	bool "Enable extended accounting over taskstats"
632	depends on TASKSTATS
633	help
634	  Collect extended task accounting data and send the data
635	  to userland for processing over the taskstats interface.
636
637	  Say N if unsure.
638
639config TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING
640	bool "Enable per-task storage I/O accounting"
641	depends on TASK_XACCT
642	help
643	  Collect information on the number of bytes of storage I/O which this
644	  task has caused.
645
646	  Say N if unsure.
647
648config PSI
649	bool "Pressure stall information tracking"
650	select KERNFS
651	help
652	  Collect metrics that indicate how overcommitted the CPU, memory,
653	  and IO capacity are in the system.
654
655	  If you say Y here, the kernel will create /proc/pressure/ with the
656	  pressure statistics files cpu, memory, and io. These will indicate
657	  the share of walltime in which some or all tasks in the system are
658	  delayed due to contention of the respective resource.
659
660	  In kernels with cgroup support, cgroups (cgroup2 only) will
661	  have cpu.pressure, memory.pressure, and io.pressure files,
662	  which aggregate pressure stalls for the grouped tasks only.
663
664	  For more details see Documentation/accounting/psi.rst.
665
666	  Say N if unsure.
667
668config PSI_DEFAULT_DISABLED
669	bool "Require boot parameter to enable pressure stall information tracking"
670	default n
671	depends on PSI
672	help
673	  If set, pressure stall information tracking will be disabled
674	  per default but can be enabled through passing psi=1 on the
675	  kernel commandline during boot.
676
677	  This feature adds some code to the task wakeup and sleep
678	  paths of the scheduler. The overhead is too low to affect
679	  common scheduling-intense workloads in practice (such as
680	  webservers, memcache), but it does show up in artificial
681	  scheduler stress tests, such as hackbench.
682
683	  If you are paranoid and not sure what the kernel will be
684	  used for, say Y.
685
686	  Say N if unsure.
687
688endmenu # "CPU/Task time and stats accounting"
689
690config CPU_ISOLATION
691	bool "CPU isolation"
692	depends on SMP || COMPILE_TEST
693	default y
694	help
695	  Make sure that CPUs running critical tasks are not disturbed by
696	  any source of "noise" such as unbound workqueues, timers, kthreads...
697	  Unbound jobs get offloaded to housekeeping CPUs. This is driven by
698	  the "isolcpus=" boot parameter.
699
700	  Say Y if unsure.
701
702source "kernel/rcu/Kconfig"
703
704config IKCONFIG
705	tristate "Kernel .config support"
706	help
707	  This option enables the complete Linux kernel ".config" file
708	  contents to be saved in the kernel. It provides documentation
709	  of which kernel options are used in a running kernel or in an
710	  on-disk kernel.  This information can be extracted from the kernel
711	  image file with the script scripts/extract-ikconfig and used as
712	  input to rebuild the current kernel or to build another kernel.
713	  It can also be extracted from a running kernel by reading
714	  /proc/config.gz if enabled (below).
715
716config IKCONFIG_PROC
717	bool "Enable access to .config through /proc/config.gz"
718	depends on IKCONFIG && PROC_FS
719	help
720	  This option enables access to the kernel configuration file
721	  through /proc/config.gz.
722
723config IKHEADERS
724	tristate "Enable kernel headers through /sys/kernel/kheaders.tar.xz"
725	depends on SYSFS
726	help
727	  This option enables access to the in-kernel headers that are generated during
728	  the build process. These can be used to build eBPF tracing programs,
729	  or similar programs.  If you build the headers as a module, a module called
730	  kheaders.ko is built which can be loaded on-demand to get access to headers.
731
732config LOG_BUF_SHIFT
733	int "Kernel log buffer size (16 => 64KB, 17 => 128KB)"
734	range 12 25
735	default 17
736	depends on PRINTK
737	help
738	  Select the minimal kernel log buffer size as a power of 2.
739	  The final size is affected by LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT config
740	  parameter, see below. Any higher size also might be forced
741	  by "log_buf_len" boot parameter.
742
743	  Examples:
744		     17 => 128 KB
745		     16 => 64 KB
746		     15 => 32 KB
747		     14 => 16 KB
748		     13 =>  8 KB
749		     12 =>  4 KB
750
751config LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT
752	int "CPU kernel log buffer size contribution (13 => 8 KB, 17 => 128KB)"
753	depends on SMP
754	range 0 21
755	default 12 if !BASE_SMALL
756	default 0 if BASE_SMALL
757	depends on PRINTK
758	help
759	  This option allows to increase the default ring buffer size
760	  according to the number of CPUs. The value defines the contribution
761	  of each CPU as a power of 2. The used space is typically only few
762	  lines however it might be much more when problems are reported,
763	  e.g. backtraces.
764
765	  The increased size means that a new buffer has to be allocated and
766	  the original static one is unused. It makes sense only on systems
767	  with more CPUs. Therefore this value is used only when the sum of
768	  contributions is greater than the half of the default kernel ring
769	  buffer as defined by LOG_BUF_SHIFT. The default values are set
770	  so that more than 16 CPUs are needed to trigger the allocation.
771
772	  Also this option is ignored when "log_buf_len" kernel parameter is
773	  used as it forces an exact (power of two) size of the ring buffer.
774
775	  The number of possible CPUs is used for this computation ignoring
776	  hotplugging making the computation optimal for the worst case
777	  scenario while allowing a simple algorithm to be used from bootup.
778
779	  Examples shift values and their meaning:
780		     17 => 128 KB for each CPU
781		     16 =>  64 KB for each CPU
782		     15 =>  32 KB for each CPU
783		     14 =>  16 KB for each CPU
784		     13 =>   8 KB for each CPU
785		     12 =>   4 KB for each CPU
786
787config PRINTK_INDEX
788	bool "Printk indexing debugfs interface"
789	depends on PRINTK && DEBUG_FS
790	help
791	  Add support for indexing of all printk formats known at compile time
792	  at <debugfs>/printk/index/<module>.
793
794	  This can be used as part of maintaining daemons which monitor
795	  /dev/kmsg, as it permits auditing the printk formats present in a
796	  kernel, allowing detection of cases where monitored printks are
797	  changed or no longer present.
798
799	  There is no additional runtime cost to printk with this enabled.
800
801#
802# Architectures with an unreliable sched_clock() should select this:
803#
804config HAVE_UNSTABLE_SCHED_CLOCK
805	bool
806
807config GENERIC_SCHED_CLOCK
808	bool
809
810menu "Scheduler features"
811
812config UCLAMP_TASK
813	bool "Enable utilization clamping for RT/FAIR tasks"
814	depends on CPU_FREQ_GOV_SCHEDUTIL
815	help
816	  This feature enables the scheduler to track the clamped utilization
817	  of each CPU based on RUNNABLE tasks scheduled on that CPU.
818
819	  With this option, the user can specify the min and max CPU
820	  utilization allowed for RUNNABLE tasks. The max utilization defines
821	  the maximum frequency a task should use while the min utilization
822	  defines the minimum frequency it should use.
823
824	  Both min and max utilization clamp values are hints to the scheduler,
825	  aiming at improving its frequency selection policy, but they do not
826	  enforce or grant any specific bandwidth for tasks.
827
828	  If in doubt, say N.
829
830config UCLAMP_BUCKETS_COUNT
831	int "Number of supported utilization clamp buckets"
832	range 5 20
833	default 5
834	depends on UCLAMP_TASK
835	help
836	  Defines the number of clamp buckets to use. The range of each bucket
837	  will be SCHED_CAPACITY_SCALE/UCLAMP_BUCKETS_COUNT. The higher the
838	  number of clamp buckets the finer their granularity and the higher
839	  the precision of clamping aggregation and tracking at run-time.
840
841	  For example, with the minimum configuration value we will have 5
842	  clamp buckets tracking 20% utilization each. A 25% boosted tasks will
843	  be refcounted in the [20..39]% bucket and will set the bucket clamp
844	  effective value to 25%.
845	  If a second 30% boosted task should be co-scheduled on the same CPU,
846	  that task will be refcounted in the same bucket of the first task and
847	  it will boost the bucket clamp effective value to 30%.
848	  The clamp effective value of a bucket is reset to its nominal value
849	  (20% in the example above) when there are no more tasks refcounted in
850	  that bucket.
851
852	  An additional boost/capping margin can be added to some tasks. In the
853	  example above the 25% task will be boosted to 30% until it exits the
854	  CPU. If that should be considered not acceptable on certain systems,
855	  it's always possible to reduce the margin by increasing the number of
856	  clamp buckets to trade off used memory for run-time tracking
857	  precision.
858
859	  If in doubt, use the default value.
860
861endmenu
862
863#
864# For architectures that want to enable the support for NUMA-affine scheduler
865# balancing logic:
866#
867config ARCH_SUPPORTS_NUMA_BALANCING
868	bool
869
870#
871# For architectures that prefer to flush all TLBs after a number of pages
872# are unmapped instead of sending one IPI per page to flush. The architecture
873# must provide guarantees on what happens if a clean TLB cache entry is
874# written after the unmap. Details are in mm/rmap.c near the check for
875# should_defer_flush. The architecture should also consider if the full flush
876# and the refill costs are offset by the savings of sending fewer IPIs.
877config ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH
878	bool
879
880config CC_HAS_INT128
881	def_bool !$(cc-option,$(m64-flag) -D__SIZEOF_INT128__=0) && 64BIT
882
883config CC_IMPLICIT_FALLTHROUGH
884	string
885	default "-Wimplicit-fallthrough=5" if CC_IS_GCC && $(cc-option,-Wimplicit-fallthrough=5)
886	default "-Wimplicit-fallthrough" if CC_IS_CLANG && $(cc-option,-Wunreachable-code-fallthrough)
887
888# Currently, disable gcc-10+ array-bounds globally.
889# It's still broken in gcc-13, so no upper bound yet.
890config GCC10_NO_ARRAY_BOUNDS
891	def_bool y
892
893config CC_NO_ARRAY_BOUNDS
894	bool
895	default y if CC_IS_GCC && GCC_VERSION >= 100000 && GCC10_NO_ARRAY_BOUNDS
896
897#
898# For architectures that know their GCC __int128 support is sound
899#
900config ARCH_SUPPORTS_INT128
901	bool
902
903# For architectures that (ab)use NUMA to represent different memory regions
904# all cpu-local but of different latencies, such as SuperH.
905#
906config ARCH_WANT_NUMA_VARIABLE_LOCALITY
907	bool
908
909config NUMA_BALANCING
910	bool "Memory placement aware NUMA scheduler"
911	depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_NUMA_BALANCING
912	depends on !ARCH_WANT_NUMA_VARIABLE_LOCALITY
913	depends on SMP && NUMA && MIGRATION && !PREEMPT_RT
914	help
915	  This option adds support for automatic NUMA aware memory/task placement.
916	  The mechanism is quite primitive and is based on migrating memory when
917	  it has references to the node the task is running on.
918
919	  This system will be inactive on UMA systems.
920
921config NUMA_BALANCING_DEFAULT_ENABLED
922	bool "Automatically enable NUMA aware memory/task placement"
923	default y
924	depends on NUMA_BALANCING
925	help
926	  If set, automatic NUMA balancing will be enabled if running on a NUMA
927	  machine.
928
929menuconfig CGROUPS
930	bool "Control Group support"
931	select KERNFS
932	help
933	  This option adds support for grouping sets of processes together, for
934	  use with process control subsystems such as Cpusets, CFS, memory
935	  controls or device isolation.
936	  See
937		- Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.rst	(CFS)
938		- Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/ (features for grouping, isolation
939					  and resource control)
940
941	  Say N if unsure.
942
943if CGROUPS
944
945config PAGE_COUNTER
946	bool
947
948config CGROUP_FAVOR_DYNMODS
949        bool "Favor dynamic modification latency reduction by default"
950        help
951          This option enables the "favordynmods" mount option by default
952          which reduces the latencies of dynamic cgroup modifications such
953          as task migrations and controller on/offs at the cost of making
954          hot path operations such as forks and exits more expensive.
955
956          Say N if unsure.
957
958config MEMCG
959	bool "Memory controller"
960	select PAGE_COUNTER
961	select EVENTFD
962	help
963	  Provides control over the memory footprint of tasks in a cgroup.
964
965config MEMCG_KMEM
966	bool
967	depends on MEMCG
968	default y
969
970config BLK_CGROUP
971	bool "IO controller"
972	depends on BLOCK
973	default n
974	help
975	Generic block IO controller cgroup interface. This is the common
976	cgroup interface which should be used by various IO controlling
977	policies.
978
979	Currently, CFQ IO scheduler uses it to recognize task groups and
980	control disk bandwidth allocation (proportional time slice allocation)
981	to such task groups. It is also used by bio throttling logic in
982	block layer to implement upper limit in IO rates on a device.
983
984	This option only enables generic Block IO controller infrastructure.
985	One needs to also enable actual IO controlling logic/policy. For
986	enabling proportional weight division of disk bandwidth in CFQ, set
987	CONFIG_BFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED=y; for enabling throttling policy, set
988	CONFIG_BLK_DEV_THROTTLING=y.
989
990	See Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/blkio-controller.rst for more information.
991
992config CGROUP_WRITEBACK
993	bool
994	depends on MEMCG && BLK_CGROUP
995	default y
996
997menuconfig CGROUP_SCHED
998	bool "CPU controller"
999	default n
1000	help
1001	  This feature lets CPU scheduler recognize task groups and control CPU
1002	  bandwidth allocation to such task groups. It uses cgroups to group
1003	  tasks.
1004
1005if CGROUP_SCHED
1006config FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
1007	bool "Group scheduling for SCHED_OTHER"
1008	depends on CGROUP_SCHED
1009	default CGROUP_SCHED
1010
1011config CFS_BANDWIDTH
1012	bool "CPU bandwidth provisioning for FAIR_GROUP_SCHED"
1013	depends on FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
1014	default n
1015	help
1016	  This option allows users to define CPU bandwidth rates (limits) for
1017	  tasks running within the fair group scheduler.  Groups with no limit
1018	  set are considered to be unconstrained and will run with no
1019	  restriction.
1020	  See Documentation/scheduler/sched-bwc.rst for more information.
1021
1022config RT_GROUP_SCHED
1023	bool "Group scheduling for SCHED_RR/FIFO"
1024	depends on CGROUP_SCHED
1025	default n
1026	help
1027	  This feature lets you explicitly allocate real CPU bandwidth
1028	  to task groups. If enabled, it will also make it impossible to
1029	  schedule realtime tasks for non-root users until you allocate
1030	  realtime bandwidth for them.
1031	  See Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.rst for more information.
1032
1033endif #CGROUP_SCHED
1034
1035config SCHED_MM_CID
1036	def_bool y
1037	depends on SMP && RSEQ
1038
1039config UCLAMP_TASK_GROUP
1040	bool "Utilization clamping per group of tasks"
1041	depends on CGROUP_SCHED
1042	depends on UCLAMP_TASK
1043	default n
1044	help
1045	  This feature enables the scheduler to track the clamped utilization
1046	  of each CPU based on RUNNABLE tasks currently scheduled on that CPU.
1047
1048	  When this option is enabled, the user can specify a min and max
1049	  CPU bandwidth which is allowed for each single task in a group.
1050	  The max bandwidth allows to clamp the maximum frequency a task
1051	  can use, while the min bandwidth allows to define a minimum
1052	  frequency a task will always use.
1053
1054	  When task group based utilization clamping is enabled, an eventually
1055	  specified task-specific clamp value is constrained by the cgroup
1056	  specified clamp value. Both minimum and maximum task clamping cannot
1057	  be bigger than the corresponding clamping defined at task group level.
1058
1059	  If in doubt, say N.
1060
1061config CGROUP_PIDS
1062	bool "PIDs controller"
1063	help
1064	  Provides enforcement of process number limits in the scope of a
1065	  cgroup. Any attempt to fork more processes than is allowed in the
1066	  cgroup will fail. PIDs are fundamentally a global resource because it
1067	  is fairly trivial to reach PID exhaustion before you reach even a
1068	  conservative kmemcg limit. As a result, it is possible to grind a
1069	  system to halt without being limited by other cgroup policies. The
1070	  PIDs controller is designed to stop this from happening.
1071
1072	  It should be noted that organisational operations (such as attaching
1073	  to a cgroup hierarchy) will *not* be blocked by the PIDs controller,
1074	  since the PIDs limit only affects a process's ability to fork, not to
1075	  attach to a cgroup.
1076
1077config CGROUP_RDMA
1078	bool "RDMA controller"
1079	help
1080	  Provides enforcement of RDMA resources defined by IB stack.
1081	  It is fairly easy for consumers to exhaust RDMA resources, which
1082	  can result into resource unavailability to other consumers.
1083	  RDMA controller is designed to stop this from happening.
1084	  Attaching processes with active RDMA resources to the cgroup
1085	  hierarchy is allowed even if can cross the hierarchy's limit.
1086
1087config CGROUP_FREEZER
1088	bool "Freezer controller"
1089	help
1090	  Provides a way to freeze and unfreeze all tasks in a
1091	  cgroup.
1092
1093	  This option affects the ORIGINAL cgroup interface. The cgroup2 memory
1094	  controller includes important in-kernel memory consumers per default.
1095
1096	  If you're using cgroup2, say N.
1097
1098config CGROUP_HUGETLB
1099	bool "HugeTLB controller"
1100	depends on HUGETLB_PAGE
1101	select PAGE_COUNTER
1102	default n
1103	help
1104	  Provides a cgroup controller for HugeTLB pages.
1105	  When you enable this, you can put a per cgroup limit on HugeTLB usage.
1106	  The limit is enforced during page fault. Since HugeTLB doesn't
1107	  support page reclaim, enforcing the limit at page fault time implies
1108	  that, the application will get SIGBUS signal if it tries to access
1109	  HugeTLB pages beyond its limit. This requires the application to know
1110	  beforehand how much HugeTLB pages it would require for its use. The
1111	  control group is tracked in the third page lru pointer. This means
1112	  that we cannot use the controller with huge page less than 3 pages.
1113
1114config CPUSETS
1115	bool "Cpuset controller"
1116	depends on SMP
1117	help
1118	  This option will let you create and manage CPUSETs which
1119	  allow dynamically partitioning a system into sets of CPUs and
1120	  Memory Nodes and assigning tasks to run only within those sets.
1121	  This is primarily useful on large SMP or NUMA systems.
1122
1123	  Say N if unsure.
1124
1125config PROC_PID_CPUSET
1126	bool "Include legacy /proc/<pid>/cpuset file"
1127	depends on CPUSETS
1128	default y
1129
1130config CGROUP_DEVICE
1131	bool "Device controller"
1132	help
1133	  Provides a cgroup controller implementing whitelists for
1134	  devices which a process in the cgroup can mknod or open.
1135
1136config CGROUP_CPUACCT
1137	bool "Simple CPU accounting controller"
1138	help
1139	  Provides a simple controller for monitoring the
1140	  total CPU consumed by the tasks in a cgroup.
1141
1142config CGROUP_PERF
1143	bool "Perf controller"
1144	depends on PERF_EVENTS
1145	help
1146	  This option extends the perf per-cpu mode to restrict monitoring
1147	  to threads which belong to the cgroup specified and run on the
1148	  designated cpu.  Or this can be used to have cgroup ID in samples
1149	  so that it can monitor performance events among cgroups.
1150
1151	  Say N if unsure.
1152
1153config CGROUP_BPF
1154	bool "Support for eBPF programs attached to cgroups"
1155	depends on BPF_SYSCALL
1156	select SOCK_CGROUP_DATA
1157	help
1158	  Allow attaching eBPF programs to a cgroup using the bpf(2)
1159	  syscall command BPF_PROG_ATTACH.
1160
1161	  In which context these programs are accessed depends on the type
1162	  of attachment. For instance, programs that are attached using
1163	  BPF_CGROUP_INET_INGRESS will be executed on the ingress path of
1164	  inet sockets.
1165
1166config CGROUP_MISC
1167	bool "Misc resource controller"
1168	default n
1169	help
1170	  Provides a controller for miscellaneous resources on a host.
1171
1172	  Miscellaneous scalar resources are the resources on the host system
1173	  which cannot be abstracted like the other cgroups. This controller
1174	  tracks and limits the miscellaneous resources used by a process
1175	  attached to a cgroup hierarchy.
1176
1177	  For more information, please check misc cgroup section in
1178	  /Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst.
1179
1180config CGROUP_DEBUG
1181	bool "Debug controller"
1182	default n
1183	depends on DEBUG_KERNEL
1184	help
1185	  This option enables a simple controller that exports
1186	  debugging information about the cgroups framework. This
1187	  controller is for control cgroup debugging only. Its
1188	  interfaces are not stable.
1189
1190	  Say N.
1191
1192config SOCK_CGROUP_DATA
1193	bool
1194	default n
1195
1196endif # CGROUPS
1197
1198menuconfig NAMESPACES
1199	bool "Namespaces support" if EXPERT
1200	depends on MULTIUSER
1201	default !EXPERT
1202	help
1203	  Provides the way to make tasks work with different objects using
1204	  the same id. For example same IPC id may refer to different objects
1205	  or same user id or pid may refer to different tasks when used in
1206	  different namespaces.
1207
1208if NAMESPACES
1209
1210config UTS_NS
1211	bool "UTS namespace"
1212	default y
1213	help
1214	  In this namespace tasks see different info provided with the
1215	  uname() system call
1216
1217config TIME_NS
1218	bool "TIME namespace"
1219	depends on GENERIC_VDSO_TIME_NS
1220	default y
1221	help
1222	  In this namespace boottime and monotonic clocks can be set.
1223	  The time will keep going with the same pace.
1224
1225config IPC_NS
1226	bool "IPC namespace"
1227	depends on (SYSVIPC || POSIX_MQUEUE)
1228	default y
1229	help
1230	  In this namespace tasks work with IPC ids which correspond to
1231	  different IPC objects in different namespaces.
1232
1233config USER_NS
1234	bool "User namespace"
1235	default n
1236	help
1237	  This allows containers, i.e. vservers, to use user namespaces
1238	  to provide different user info for different servers.
1239
1240	  When user namespaces are enabled in the kernel it is
1241	  recommended that the MEMCG option also be enabled and that
1242	  user-space use the memory control groups to limit the amount
1243	  of memory a memory unprivileged users can use.
1244
1245	  If unsure, say N.
1246
1247config PID_NS
1248	bool "PID Namespaces"
1249	default y
1250	help
1251	  Support process id namespaces.  This allows having multiple
1252	  processes with the same pid as long as they are in different
1253	  pid namespaces.  This is a building block of containers.
1254
1255config NET_NS
1256	bool "Network namespace"
1257	depends on NET
1258	default y
1259	help
1260	  Allow user space to create what appear to be multiple instances
1261	  of the network stack.
1262
1263endif # NAMESPACES
1264
1265config CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
1266	bool "Checkpoint/restore support"
1267	depends on PROC_FS
1268	select PROC_CHILDREN
1269	select KCMP
1270	default n
1271	help
1272	  Enables additional kernel features in a sake of checkpoint/restore.
1273	  In particular it adds auxiliary prctl codes to setup process text,
1274	  data and heap segment sizes, and a few additional /proc filesystem
1275	  entries.
1276
1277	  If unsure, say N here.
1278
1279config SCHED_AUTOGROUP
1280	bool "Automatic process group scheduling"
1281	select CGROUPS
1282	select CGROUP_SCHED
1283	select FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
1284	help
1285	  This option optimizes the scheduler for common desktop workloads by
1286	  automatically creating and populating task groups.  This separation
1287	  of workloads isolates aggressive CPU burners (like build jobs) from
1288	  desktop applications.  Task group autogeneration is currently based
1289	  upon task session.
1290
1291config RELAY
1292	bool "Kernel->user space relay support (formerly relayfs)"
1293	select IRQ_WORK
1294	help
1295	  This option enables support for relay interface support in
1296	  certain file systems (such as debugfs).
1297	  It is designed to provide an efficient mechanism for tools and
1298	  facilities to relay large amounts of data from kernel space to
1299	  user space.
1300
1301	  If unsure, say N.
1302
1303config BLK_DEV_INITRD
1304	bool "Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support"
1305	help
1306	  The initial RAM filesystem is a ramfs which is loaded by the
1307	  boot loader (loadlin or lilo) and that is mounted as root
1308	  before the normal boot procedure. It is typically used to
1309	  load modules needed to mount the "real" root file system,
1310	  etc. See <file:Documentation/admin-guide/initrd.rst> for details.
1311
1312	  If RAM disk support (BLK_DEV_RAM) is also included, this
1313	  also enables initial RAM disk (initrd) support and adds
1314	  15 Kbytes (more on some other architectures) to the kernel size.
1315
1316	  If unsure say Y.
1317
1318if BLK_DEV_INITRD
1319
1320source "usr/Kconfig"
1321
1322endif
1323
1324config BOOT_CONFIG
1325	bool "Boot config support"
1326	select BLK_DEV_INITRD if !BOOT_CONFIG_EMBED
1327	help
1328	  Extra boot config allows system admin to pass a config file as
1329	  complemental extension of kernel cmdline when booting.
1330	  The boot config file must be attached at the end of initramfs
1331	  with checksum, size and magic word.
1332	  See <file:Documentation/admin-guide/bootconfig.rst> for details.
1333
1334	  If unsure, say Y.
1335
1336config BOOT_CONFIG_FORCE
1337	bool "Force unconditional bootconfig processing"
1338	depends on BOOT_CONFIG
1339	default y if BOOT_CONFIG_EMBED
1340	help
1341	  With this Kconfig option set, BOOT_CONFIG processing is carried
1342	  out even when the "bootconfig" kernel-boot parameter is omitted.
1343	  In fact, with this Kconfig option set, there is no way to
1344	  make the kernel ignore the BOOT_CONFIG-supplied kernel-boot
1345	  parameters.
1346
1347	  If unsure, say N.
1348
1349config BOOT_CONFIG_EMBED
1350	bool "Embed bootconfig file in the kernel"
1351	depends on BOOT_CONFIG
1352	help
1353	  Embed a bootconfig file given by BOOT_CONFIG_EMBED_FILE in the
1354	  kernel. Usually, the bootconfig file is loaded with the initrd
1355	  image. But if the system doesn't support initrd, this option will
1356	  help you by embedding a bootconfig file while building the kernel.
1357
1358	  If unsure, say N.
1359
1360config BOOT_CONFIG_EMBED_FILE
1361	string "Embedded bootconfig file path"
1362	depends on BOOT_CONFIG_EMBED
1363	help
1364	  Specify a bootconfig file which will be embedded to the kernel.
1365	  This bootconfig will be used if there is no initrd or no other
1366	  bootconfig in the initrd.
1367
1368config INITRAMFS_PRESERVE_MTIME
1369	bool "Preserve cpio archive mtimes in initramfs"
1370	default y
1371	help
1372	  Each entry in an initramfs cpio archive carries an mtime value. When
1373	  enabled, extracted cpio items take this mtime, with directory mtime
1374	  setting deferred until after creation of any child entries.
1375
1376	  If unsure, say Y.
1377
1378choice
1379	prompt "Compiler optimization level"
1380	default CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_PERFORMANCE
1381
1382config CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_PERFORMANCE
1383	bool "Optimize for performance (-O2)"
1384	help
1385	  This is the default optimization level for the kernel, building
1386	  with the "-O2" compiler flag for best performance and most
1387	  helpful compile-time warnings.
1388
1389config CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE
1390	bool "Optimize for size (-Os)"
1391	help
1392	  Choosing this option will pass "-Os" to your compiler resulting
1393	  in a smaller kernel.
1394
1395endchoice
1396
1397config HAVE_LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION
1398	bool
1399	help
1400	  This requires that the arch annotates or otherwise protects
1401	  its external entry points from being discarded. Linker scripts
1402	  must also merge .text.*, .data.*, and .bss.* correctly into
1403	  output sections. Care must be taken not to pull in unrelated
1404	  sections (e.g., '.text.init'). Typically '.' in section names
1405	  is used to distinguish them from label names / C identifiers.
1406
1407config LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION
1408	bool "Dead code and data elimination (EXPERIMENTAL)"
1409	depends on HAVE_LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION
1410	depends on EXPERT
1411	depends on $(cc-option,-ffunction-sections -fdata-sections)
1412	depends on $(ld-option,--gc-sections)
1413	help
1414	  Enable this if you want to do dead code and data elimination with
1415	  the linker by compiling with -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections,
1416	  and linking with --gc-sections.
1417
1418	  This can reduce on disk and in-memory size of the kernel
1419	  code and static data, particularly for small configs and
1420	  on small systems. This has the possibility of introducing
1421	  silently broken kernel if the required annotations are not
1422	  present. This option is not well tested yet, so use at your
1423	  own risk.
1424
1425config LD_ORPHAN_WARN
1426	def_bool y
1427	depends on ARCH_WANT_LD_ORPHAN_WARN
1428	depends on $(ld-option,--orphan-handling=warn)
1429	depends on $(ld-option,--orphan-handling=error)
1430
1431config LD_ORPHAN_WARN_LEVEL
1432        string
1433        depends on LD_ORPHAN_WARN
1434        default "error" if WERROR
1435        default "warn"
1436
1437config SYSCTL
1438	bool
1439
1440config HAVE_UID16
1441	bool
1442
1443config SYSCTL_EXCEPTION_TRACE
1444	bool
1445	help
1446	  Enable support for /proc/sys/debug/exception-trace.
1447
1448config SYSCTL_ARCH_UNALIGN_NO_WARN
1449	bool
1450	help
1451	  Enable support for /proc/sys/kernel/ignore-unaligned-usertrap
1452	  Allows arch to define/use @no_unaligned_warning to possibly warn
1453	  about unaligned access emulation going on under the hood.
1454
1455config SYSCTL_ARCH_UNALIGN_ALLOW
1456	bool
1457	help
1458	  Enable support for /proc/sys/kernel/unaligned-trap
1459	  Allows arches to define/use @unaligned_enabled to runtime toggle
1460	  the unaligned access emulation.
1461	  see arch/parisc/kernel/unaligned.c for reference
1462
1463config HAVE_PCSPKR_PLATFORM
1464	bool
1465
1466# interpreter that classic socket filters depend on
1467config BPF
1468	bool
1469	select CRYPTO_LIB_SHA1
1470
1471menuconfig EXPERT
1472	bool "Configure standard kernel features (expert users)"
1473	# Unhide debug options, to make the on-by-default options visible
1474	select DEBUG_KERNEL
1475	help
1476	  This option allows certain base kernel options and settings
1477	  to be disabled or tweaked. This is for specialized
1478	  environments which can tolerate a "non-standard" kernel.
1479	  Only use this if you really know what you are doing.
1480
1481config UID16
1482	bool "Enable 16-bit UID system calls" if EXPERT
1483	depends on HAVE_UID16 && MULTIUSER
1484	default y
1485	help
1486	  This enables the legacy 16-bit UID syscall wrappers.
1487
1488config MULTIUSER
1489	bool "Multiple users, groups and capabilities support" if EXPERT
1490	default y
1491	help
1492	  This option enables support for non-root users, groups and
1493	  capabilities.
1494
1495	  If you say N here, all processes will run with UID 0, GID 0, and all
1496	  possible capabilities.  Saying N here also compiles out support for
1497	  system calls related to UIDs, GIDs, and capabilities, such as setuid,
1498	  setgid, and capset.
1499
1500	  If unsure, say Y here.
1501
1502config SGETMASK_SYSCALL
1503	bool "sgetmask/ssetmask syscalls support" if EXPERT
1504	def_bool PARISC || M68K || PPC || MIPS || X86 || SPARC || MICROBLAZE || SUPERH
1505	help
1506	  sys_sgetmask and sys_ssetmask are obsolete system calls
1507	  no longer supported in libc but still enabled by default in some
1508	  architectures.
1509
1510	  If unsure, leave the default option here.
1511
1512config SYSFS_SYSCALL
1513	bool "Sysfs syscall support" if EXPERT
1514	default y
1515	help
1516	  sys_sysfs is an obsolete system call no longer supported in libc.
1517	  Note that disabling this option is more secure but might break
1518	  compatibility with some systems.
1519
1520	  If unsure say Y here.
1521
1522config FHANDLE
1523	bool "open by fhandle syscalls" if EXPERT
1524	select EXPORTFS
1525	default y
1526	help
1527	  If you say Y here, a user level program will be able to map
1528	  file names to handle and then later use the handle for
1529	  different file system operations. This is useful in implementing
1530	  userspace file servers, which now track files using handles instead
1531	  of names. The handle would remain the same even if file names
1532	  get renamed. Enables open_by_handle_at(2) and name_to_handle_at(2)
1533	  syscalls.
1534
1535config POSIX_TIMERS
1536	bool "Posix Clocks & timers" if EXPERT
1537	default y
1538	help
1539	  This includes native support for POSIX timers to the kernel.
1540	  Some embedded systems have no use for them and therefore they
1541	  can be configured out to reduce the size of the kernel image.
1542
1543	  When this option is disabled, the following syscalls won't be
1544	  available: timer_create, timer_gettime: timer_getoverrun,
1545	  timer_settime, timer_delete, clock_adjtime, getitimer,
1546	  setitimer, alarm. Furthermore, the clock_settime, clock_gettime,
1547	  clock_getres and clock_nanosleep syscalls will be limited to
1548	  CLOCK_REALTIME, CLOCK_MONOTONIC and CLOCK_BOOTTIME only.
1549
1550	  If unsure say y.
1551
1552config PRINTK
1553	default y
1554	bool "Enable support for printk" if EXPERT
1555	select IRQ_WORK
1556	help
1557	  This option enables normal printk support. Removing it
1558	  eliminates most of the message strings from the kernel image
1559	  and makes the kernel more or less silent. As this makes it
1560	  very difficult to diagnose system problems, saying N here is
1561	  strongly discouraged.
1562
1563config BUG
1564	bool "BUG() support" if EXPERT
1565	default y
1566	help
1567	  Disabling this option eliminates support for BUG and WARN, reducing
1568	  the size of your kernel image and potentially quietly ignoring
1569	  numerous fatal conditions. You should only consider disabling this
1570	  option for embedded systems with no facilities for reporting errors.
1571	  Just say Y.
1572
1573config ELF_CORE
1574	depends on COREDUMP
1575	default y
1576	bool "Enable ELF core dumps" if EXPERT
1577	help
1578	  Enable support for generating core dumps. Disabling saves about 4k.
1579
1580
1581config PCSPKR_PLATFORM
1582	bool "Enable PC-Speaker support" if EXPERT
1583	depends on HAVE_PCSPKR_PLATFORM
1584	select I8253_LOCK
1585	default y
1586	help
1587	  This option allows to disable the internal PC-Speaker
1588	  support, saving some memory.
1589
1590config BASE_FULL
1591	default y
1592	bool "Enable full-sized data structures for core" if EXPERT
1593	help
1594	  Disabling this option reduces the size of miscellaneous core
1595	  kernel data structures. This saves memory on small machines,
1596	  but may reduce performance.
1597
1598config FUTEX
1599	bool "Enable futex support" if EXPERT
1600	depends on !(SPARC32 && SMP)
1601	default y
1602	imply RT_MUTEXES
1603	help
1604	  Disabling this option will cause the kernel to be built without
1605	  support for "fast userspace mutexes".  The resulting kernel may not
1606	  run glibc-based applications correctly.
1607
1608config FUTEX_PI
1609	bool
1610	depends on FUTEX && RT_MUTEXES
1611	default y
1612
1613config EPOLL
1614	bool "Enable eventpoll support" if EXPERT
1615	default y
1616	help
1617	  Disabling this option will cause the kernel to be built without
1618	  support for epoll family of system calls.
1619
1620config SIGNALFD
1621	bool "Enable signalfd() system call" if EXPERT
1622	default y
1623	help
1624	  Enable the signalfd() system call that allows to receive signals
1625	  on a file descriptor.
1626
1627	  If unsure, say Y.
1628
1629config TIMERFD
1630	bool "Enable timerfd() system call" if EXPERT
1631	default y
1632	help
1633	  Enable the timerfd() system call that allows to receive timer
1634	  events on a file descriptor.
1635
1636	  If unsure, say Y.
1637
1638config EVENTFD
1639	bool "Enable eventfd() system call" if EXPERT
1640	default y
1641	help
1642	  Enable the eventfd() system call that allows to receive both
1643	  kernel notification (ie. KAIO) or userspace notifications.
1644
1645	  If unsure, say Y.
1646
1647config SHMEM
1648	bool "Use full shmem filesystem" if EXPERT
1649	default y
1650	depends on MMU
1651	help
1652	  The shmem is an internal filesystem used to manage shared memory.
1653	  It is backed by swap and manages resource limits. It is also exported
1654	  to userspace as tmpfs if TMPFS is enabled. Disabling this
1655	  option replaces shmem and tmpfs with the much simpler ramfs code,
1656	  which may be appropriate on small systems without swap.
1657
1658config AIO
1659	bool "Enable AIO support" if EXPERT
1660	default y
1661	help
1662	  This option enables POSIX asynchronous I/O which may by used
1663	  by some high performance threaded applications. Disabling
1664	  this option saves about 7k.
1665
1666config IO_URING
1667	bool "Enable IO uring support" if EXPERT
1668	select IO_WQ
1669	default y
1670	help
1671	  This option enables support for the io_uring interface, enabling
1672	  applications to submit and complete IO through submission and
1673	  completion rings that are shared between the kernel and application.
1674
1675config ADVISE_SYSCALLS
1676	bool "Enable madvise/fadvise syscalls" if EXPERT
1677	default y
1678	help
1679	  This option enables the madvise and fadvise syscalls, used by
1680	  applications to advise the kernel about their future memory or file
1681	  usage, improving performance. If building an embedded system where no
1682	  applications use these syscalls, you can disable this option to save
1683	  space.
1684
1685config MEMBARRIER
1686	bool "Enable membarrier() system call" if EXPERT
1687	default y
1688	help
1689	  Enable the membarrier() system call that allows issuing memory
1690	  barriers across all running threads, which can be used to distribute
1691	  the cost of user-space memory barriers asymmetrically by transforming
1692	  pairs of memory barriers into pairs consisting of membarrier() and a
1693	  compiler barrier.
1694
1695	  If unsure, say Y.
1696
1697config KALLSYMS
1698	bool "Load all symbols for debugging/ksymoops" if EXPERT
1699	default y
1700	help
1701	  Say Y here to let the kernel print out symbolic crash information and
1702	  symbolic stack backtraces. This increases the size of the kernel
1703	  somewhat, as all symbols have to be loaded into the kernel image.
1704
1705config KALLSYMS_SELFTEST
1706	bool "Test the basic functions and performance of kallsyms"
1707	depends on KALLSYMS
1708	default n
1709	help
1710	  Test the basic functions and performance of some interfaces, such as
1711	  kallsyms_lookup_name. It also calculates the compression rate of the
1712	  kallsyms compression algorithm for the current symbol set.
1713
1714	  Start self-test automatically after system startup. Suggest executing
1715	  "dmesg | grep kallsyms_selftest" to collect test results. "finish" is
1716	  displayed in the last line, indicating that the test is complete.
1717
1718config KALLSYMS_ALL
1719	bool "Include all symbols in kallsyms"
1720	depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && KALLSYMS
1721	help
1722	  Normally kallsyms only contains the symbols of functions for nicer
1723	  OOPS messages and backtraces (i.e., symbols from the text and inittext
1724	  sections). This is sufficient for most cases. And only if you want to
1725	  enable kernel live patching, or other less common use cases (e.g.,
1726	  when a debugger is used) all symbols are required (i.e., names of
1727	  variables from the data sections, etc).
1728
1729	  This option makes sure that all symbols are loaded into the kernel
1730	  image (i.e., symbols from all sections) in cost of increased kernel
1731	  size (depending on the kernel configuration, it may be 300KiB or
1732	  something like this).
1733
1734	  Say N unless you really need all symbols, or kernel live patching.
1735
1736config KALLSYMS_ABSOLUTE_PERCPU
1737	bool
1738	depends on KALLSYMS
1739	default X86_64 && SMP
1740
1741config KALLSYMS_BASE_RELATIVE
1742	bool
1743	depends on KALLSYMS
1744	default !IA64
1745	help
1746	  Instead of emitting them as absolute values in the native word size,
1747	  emit the symbol references in the kallsyms table as 32-bit entries,
1748	  each containing a relative value in the range [base, base + U32_MAX]
1749	  or, when KALLSYMS_ABSOLUTE_PERCPU is in effect, each containing either
1750	  an absolute value in the range [0, S32_MAX] or a relative value in the
1751	  range [base, base + S32_MAX], where base is the lowest relative symbol
1752	  address encountered in the image.
1753
1754	  On 64-bit builds, this reduces the size of the address table by 50%,
1755	  but more importantly, it results in entries whose values are build
1756	  time constants, and no relocation pass is required at runtime to fix
1757	  up the entries based on the runtime load address of the kernel.
1758
1759# end of the "standard kernel features (expert users)" menu
1760
1761# syscall, maps, verifier
1762
1763config ARCH_HAS_MEMBARRIER_CALLBACKS
1764	bool
1765
1766config ARCH_HAS_MEMBARRIER_SYNC_CORE
1767	bool
1768
1769config KCMP
1770	bool "Enable kcmp() system call" if EXPERT
1771	help
1772	  Enable the kernel resource comparison system call. It provides
1773	  user-space with the ability to compare two processes to see if they
1774	  share a common resource, such as a file descriptor or even virtual
1775	  memory space.
1776
1777	  If unsure, say N.
1778
1779config RSEQ
1780	bool "Enable rseq() system call" if EXPERT
1781	default y
1782	depends on HAVE_RSEQ
1783	select MEMBARRIER
1784	help
1785	  Enable the restartable sequences system call. It provides a
1786	  user-space cache for the current CPU number value, which
1787	  speeds up getting the current CPU number from user-space,
1788	  as well as an ABI to speed up user-space operations on
1789	  per-CPU data.
1790
1791	  If unsure, say Y.
1792
1793config CACHESTAT_SYSCALL
1794	bool "Enable cachestat() system call" if EXPERT
1795	default y
1796	help
1797	  Enable the cachestat system call, which queries the page cache
1798	  statistics of a file (number of cached pages, dirty pages,
1799	  pages marked for writeback, (recently) evicted pages).
1800
1801	  If unsure say Y here.
1802
1803config DEBUG_RSEQ
1804	default n
1805	bool "Enabled debugging of rseq() system call" if EXPERT
1806	depends on RSEQ && DEBUG_KERNEL
1807	help
1808	  Enable extra debugging checks for the rseq system call.
1809
1810	  If unsure, say N.
1811
1812config HAVE_PERF_EVENTS
1813	bool
1814	help
1815	  See tools/perf/design.txt for details.
1816
1817config GUEST_PERF_EVENTS
1818	bool
1819	depends on HAVE_PERF_EVENTS
1820
1821config PERF_USE_VMALLOC
1822	bool
1823	help
1824	  See tools/perf/design.txt for details
1825
1826config PC104
1827	bool "PC/104 support" if EXPERT
1828	help
1829	  Expose PC/104 form factor device drivers and options available for
1830	  selection and configuration. Enable this option if your target
1831	  machine has a PC/104 bus.
1832
1833menu "Kernel Performance Events And Counters"
1834
1835config PERF_EVENTS
1836	bool "Kernel performance events and counters"
1837	default y if PROFILING
1838	depends on HAVE_PERF_EVENTS
1839	select IRQ_WORK
1840	help
1841	  Enable kernel support for various performance events provided
1842	  by software and hardware.
1843
1844	  Software events are supported either built-in or via the
1845	  use of generic tracepoints.
1846
1847	  Most modern CPUs support performance events via performance
1848	  counter registers. These registers count the number of certain
1849	  types of hw events: such as instructions executed, cachemisses
1850	  suffered, or branches mis-predicted - without slowing down the
1851	  kernel or applications. These registers can also trigger interrupts
1852	  when a threshold number of events have passed - and can thus be
1853	  used to profile the code that runs on that CPU.
1854
1855	  The Linux Performance Event subsystem provides an abstraction of
1856	  these software and hardware event capabilities, available via a
1857	  system call and used by the "perf" utility in tools/perf/. It
1858	  provides per task and per CPU counters, and it provides event
1859	  capabilities on top of those.
1860
1861	  Say Y if unsure.
1862
1863config DEBUG_PERF_USE_VMALLOC
1864	default n
1865	bool "Debug: use vmalloc to back perf mmap() buffers"
1866	depends on PERF_EVENTS && DEBUG_KERNEL && !PPC
1867	select PERF_USE_VMALLOC
1868	help
1869	  Use vmalloc memory to back perf mmap() buffers.
1870
1871	  Mostly useful for debugging the vmalloc code on platforms
1872	  that don't require it.
1873
1874	  Say N if unsure.
1875
1876endmenu
1877
1878config SYSTEM_DATA_VERIFICATION
1879	def_bool n
1880	select SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING
1881	select KEYS
1882	select CRYPTO
1883	select CRYPTO_RSA
1884	select ASYMMETRIC_KEY_TYPE
1885	select ASYMMETRIC_PUBLIC_KEY_SUBTYPE
1886	select ASN1
1887	select OID_REGISTRY
1888	select X509_CERTIFICATE_PARSER
1889	select PKCS7_MESSAGE_PARSER
1890	help
1891	  Provide PKCS#7 message verification using the contents of the system
1892	  trusted keyring to provide public keys.  This then can be used for
1893	  module verification, kexec image verification and firmware blob
1894	  verification.
1895
1896config PROFILING
1897	bool "Profiling support"
1898	help
1899	  Say Y here to enable the extended profiling support mechanisms used
1900	  by profilers.
1901
1902config RUST
1903	bool "Rust support"
1904	depends on HAVE_RUST
1905	depends on RUST_IS_AVAILABLE
1906	depends on !CFI_CLANG
1907	depends on !MODVERSIONS
1908	depends on !GCC_PLUGINS
1909	depends on !RANDSTRUCT
1910	depends on !SHADOW_CALL_STACK
1911	depends on !DEBUG_INFO_BTF || PAHOLE_HAS_LANG_EXCLUDE
1912	help
1913	  Enables Rust support in the kernel.
1914
1915	  This allows other Rust-related options, like drivers written in Rust,
1916	  to be selected.
1917
1918	  It is also required to be able to load external kernel modules
1919	  written in Rust.
1920
1921	  See Documentation/rust/ for more information.
1922
1923	  If unsure, say N.
1924
1925config RUSTC_VERSION_TEXT
1926	string
1927	depends on RUST
1928	default "$(shell,$(RUSTC) --version 2>/dev/null)"
1929
1930config BINDGEN_VERSION_TEXT
1931	string
1932	depends on RUST
1933	# The dummy parameter `workaround-for-0.69.0` is required to support 0.69.0
1934	# (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-bindgen/pull/2678). It can be removed when
1935	# the minimum version is upgraded past that (0.69.1 already fixed the issue).
1936	default "$(shell,$(BINDGEN) --version workaround-for-0.69.0 2>/dev/null)"
1937
1938#
1939# Place an empty function call at each tracepoint site. Can be
1940# dynamically changed for a probe function.
1941#
1942config TRACEPOINTS
1943	bool
1944
1945source "kernel/Kconfig.kexec"
1946
1947endmenu		# General setup
1948
1949source "arch/Kconfig"
1950
1951config RT_MUTEXES
1952	bool
1953	default y if PREEMPT_RT
1954
1955config BASE_SMALL
1956	int
1957	default 0 if BASE_FULL
1958	default 1 if !BASE_FULL
1959
1960config MODULE_SIG_FORMAT
1961	def_bool n
1962	select SYSTEM_DATA_VERIFICATION
1963
1964source "kernel/module/Kconfig"
1965
1966config INIT_ALL_POSSIBLE
1967	bool
1968	help
1969	  Back when each arch used to define their own cpu_online_mask and
1970	  cpu_possible_mask, some of them chose to initialize cpu_possible_mask
1971	  with all 1s, and others with all 0s.  When they were centralised,
1972	  it was better to provide this option than to break all the archs
1973	  and have several arch maintainers pursuing me down dark alleys.
1974
1975source "block/Kconfig"
1976
1977config PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS
1978	bool
1979
1980config PADATA
1981	depends on SMP
1982	bool
1983
1984config ASN1
1985	tristate
1986	help
1987	  Build a simple ASN.1 grammar compiler that produces a bytecode output
1988	  that can be interpreted by the ASN.1 stream decoder and used to
1989	  inform it as to what tags are to be expected in a stream and what
1990	  functions to call on what tags.
1991
1992source "kernel/Kconfig.locks"
1993
1994config ARCH_HAS_NON_OVERLAPPING_ADDRESS_SPACE
1995	bool
1996
1997config ARCH_HAS_SYNC_CORE_BEFORE_USERMODE
1998	bool
1999
2000# It may be useful for an architecture to override the definitions of the
2001# SYSCALL_DEFINE() and __SYSCALL_DEFINEx() macros in <linux/syscalls.h>
2002# and the COMPAT_ variants in <linux/compat.h>, in particular to use a
2003# different calling convention for syscalls. They can also override the
2004# macros for not-implemented syscalls in kernel/sys_ni.c and
2005# kernel/time/posix-stubs.c. All these overrides need to be available in
2006# <asm/syscall_wrapper.h>.
2007config ARCH_HAS_SYSCALL_WRAPPER
2008	def_bool n
2009