xref: /openbmc/linux/fs/proc/base.c (revision edfcd606)
1 /*
2  *  linux/fs/proc/base.c
3  *
4  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
5  *
6  *  proc base directory handling functions
7  *
8  *  1999, Al Viro. Rewritten. Now it covers the whole per-process part.
9  *  Instead of using magical inumbers to determine the kind of object
10  *  we allocate and fill in-core inodes upon lookup. They don't even
11  *  go into icache. We cache the reference to task_struct upon lookup too.
12  *  Eventually it should become a filesystem in its own. We don't use the
13  *  rest of procfs anymore.
14  *
15  *
16  *  Changelog:
17  *  17-Jan-2005
18  *  Allan Bezerra
19  *  Bruna Moreira <bruna.moreira@indt.org.br>
20  *  Edjard Mota <edjard.mota@indt.org.br>
21  *  Ilias Biris <ilias.biris@indt.org.br>
22  *  Mauricio Lin <mauricio.lin@indt.org.br>
23  *
24  *  Embedded Linux Lab - 10LE Instituto Nokia de Tecnologia - INdT
25  *
26  *  A new process specific entry (smaps) included in /proc. It shows the
27  *  size of rss for each memory area. The maps entry lacks information
28  *  about physical memory size (rss) for each mapped file, i.e.,
29  *  rss information for executables and library files.
30  *  This additional information is useful for any tools that need to know
31  *  about physical memory consumption for a process specific library.
32  *
33  *  Changelog:
34  *  21-Feb-2005
35  *  Embedded Linux Lab - 10LE Instituto Nokia de Tecnologia - INdT
36  *  Pud inclusion in the page table walking.
37  *
38  *  ChangeLog:
39  *  10-Mar-2005
40  *  10LE Instituto Nokia de Tecnologia - INdT:
41  *  A better way to walks through the page table as suggested by Hugh Dickins.
42  *
43  *  Simo Piiroinen <simo.piiroinen@nokia.com>:
44  *  Smaps information related to shared, private, clean and dirty pages.
45  *
46  *  Paul Mundt <paul.mundt@nokia.com>:
47  *  Overall revision about smaps.
48  */
49 
50 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
51 
52 #include <linux/errno.h>
53 #include <linux/time.h>
54 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
55 #include <linux/stat.h>
56 #include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
57 #include <linux/init.h>
58 #include <linux/capability.h>
59 #include <linux/file.h>
60 #include <linux/fdtable.h>
61 #include <linux/string.h>
62 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
63 #include <linux/namei.h>
64 #include <linux/mnt_namespace.h>
65 #include <linux/mm.h>
66 #include <linux/swap.h>
67 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
68 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
69 #include <linux/stacktrace.h>
70 #include <linux/resource.h>
71 #include <linux/module.h>
72 #include <linux/mount.h>
73 #include <linux/security.h>
74 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
75 #include <linux/tracehook.h>
76 #include <linux/printk.h>
77 #include <linux/cgroup.h>
78 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
79 #include <linux/audit.h>
80 #include <linux/poll.h>
81 #include <linux/nsproxy.h>
82 #include <linux/oom.h>
83 #include <linux/elf.h>
84 #include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
85 #include <linux/user_namespace.h>
86 #include <linux/fs_struct.h>
87 #include <linux/slab.h>
88 #include <linux/flex_array.h>
89 #include <linux/posix-timers.h>
90 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDWALL
91 #include <asm/hardwall.h>
92 #endif
93 #include <trace/events/oom.h>
94 #include "internal.h"
95 #include "fd.h"
96 
97 /* NOTE:
98  *	Implementing inode permission operations in /proc is almost
99  *	certainly an error.  Permission checks need to happen during
100  *	each system call not at open time.  The reason is that most of
101  *	what we wish to check for permissions in /proc varies at runtime.
102  *
103  *	The classic example of a problem is opening file descriptors
104  *	in /proc for a task before it execs a suid executable.
105  */
106 
107 struct pid_entry {
108 	const char *name;
109 	int len;
110 	umode_t mode;
111 	const struct inode_operations *iop;
112 	const struct file_operations *fop;
113 	union proc_op op;
114 };
115 
116 #define NOD(NAME, MODE, IOP, FOP, OP) {			\
117 	.name = (NAME),					\
118 	.len  = sizeof(NAME) - 1,			\
119 	.mode = MODE,					\
120 	.iop  = IOP,					\
121 	.fop  = FOP,					\
122 	.op   = OP,					\
123 }
124 
125 #define DIR(NAME, MODE, iops, fops)	\
126 	NOD(NAME, (S_IFDIR|(MODE)), &iops, &fops, {} )
127 #define LNK(NAME, get_link)					\
128 	NOD(NAME, (S_IFLNK|S_IRWXUGO),				\
129 		&proc_pid_link_inode_operations, NULL,		\
130 		{ .proc_get_link = get_link } )
131 #define REG(NAME, MODE, fops)				\
132 	NOD(NAME, (S_IFREG|(MODE)), NULL, &fops, {})
133 #define INF(NAME, MODE, read)				\
134 	NOD(NAME, (S_IFREG|(MODE)), 			\
135 		NULL, &proc_info_file_operations,	\
136 		{ .proc_read = read } )
137 #define ONE(NAME, MODE, show)				\
138 	NOD(NAME, (S_IFREG|(MODE)), 			\
139 		NULL, &proc_single_file_operations,	\
140 		{ .proc_show = show } )
141 
142 /*
143  * Count the number of hardlinks for the pid_entry table, excluding the .
144  * and .. links.
145  */
146 static unsigned int pid_entry_count_dirs(const struct pid_entry *entries,
147 	unsigned int n)
148 {
149 	unsigned int i;
150 	unsigned int count;
151 
152 	count = 0;
153 	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
154 		if (S_ISDIR(entries[i].mode))
155 			++count;
156 	}
157 
158 	return count;
159 }
160 
161 static int get_task_root(struct task_struct *task, struct path *root)
162 {
163 	int result = -ENOENT;
164 
165 	task_lock(task);
166 	if (task->fs) {
167 		get_fs_root(task->fs, root);
168 		result = 0;
169 	}
170 	task_unlock(task);
171 	return result;
172 }
173 
174 static int proc_cwd_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct path *path)
175 {
176 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(dentry->d_inode);
177 	int result = -ENOENT;
178 
179 	if (task) {
180 		task_lock(task);
181 		if (task->fs) {
182 			get_fs_pwd(task->fs, path);
183 			result = 0;
184 		}
185 		task_unlock(task);
186 		put_task_struct(task);
187 	}
188 	return result;
189 }
190 
191 static int proc_root_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct path *path)
192 {
193 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(dentry->d_inode);
194 	int result = -ENOENT;
195 
196 	if (task) {
197 		result = get_task_root(task, path);
198 		put_task_struct(task);
199 	}
200 	return result;
201 }
202 
203 static int proc_pid_cmdline(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns,
204 			    struct pid *pid, struct task_struct *task)
205 {
206 	/*
207 	 * Rely on struct seq_operations::show() being called once
208 	 * per internal buffer allocation. See single_open(), traverse().
209 	 */
210 	BUG_ON(m->size < PAGE_SIZE);
211 	m->count += get_cmdline(task, m->buf, PAGE_SIZE);
212 	return 0;
213 }
214 
215 static int proc_pid_auxv(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns,
216 			 struct pid *pid, struct task_struct *task)
217 {
218 	struct mm_struct *mm = mm_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ);
219 	if (mm && !IS_ERR(mm)) {
220 		unsigned int nwords = 0;
221 		do {
222 			nwords += 2;
223 		} while (mm->saved_auxv[nwords - 2] != 0); /* AT_NULL */
224 		seq_write(m, mm->saved_auxv, nwords * sizeof(mm->saved_auxv[0]));
225 		mmput(mm);
226 		return 0;
227 	} else
228 		return PTR_ERR(mm);
229 }
230 
231 
232 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
233 /*
234  * Provides a wchan file via kallsyms in a proper one-value-per-file format.
235  * Returns the resolved symbol.  If that fails, simply return the address.
236  */
237 static int proc_pid_wchan(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns,
238 			  struct pid *pid, struct task_struct *task)
239 {
240 	unsigned long wchan;
241 	char symname[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
242 
243 	wchan = get_wchan(task);
244 
245 	if (lookup_symbol_name(wchan, symname) < 0)
246 		if (!ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ))
247 			return 0;
248 		else
249 			return seq_printf(m, "%lu", wchan);
250 	else
251 		return seq_printf(m, "%s", symname);
252 }
253 #endif /* CONFIG_KALLSYMS */
254 
255 static int lock_trace(struct task_struct *task)
256 {
257 	int err = mutex_lock_killable(&task->signal->cred_guard_mutex);
258 	if (err)
259 		return err;
260 	if (!ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH)) {
261 		mutex_unlock(&task->signal->cred_guard_mutex);
262 		return -EPERM;
263 	}
264 	return 0;
265 }
266 
267 static void unlock_trace(struct task_struct *task)
268 {
269 	mutex_unlock(&task->signal->cred_guard_mutex);
270 }
271 
272 #ifdef CONFIG_STACKTRACE
273 
274 #define MAX_STACK_TRACE_DEPTH	64
275 
276 static int proc_pid_stack(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns,
277 			  struct pid *pid, struct task_struct *task)
278 {
279 	struct stack_trace trace;
280 	unsigned long *entries;
281 	int err;
282 	int i;
283 
284 	entries = kmalloc(MAX_STACK_TRACE_DEPTH * sizeof(*entries), GFP_KERNEL);
285 	if (!entries)
286 		return -ENOMEM;
287 
288 	trace.nr_entries	= 0;
289 	trace.max_entries	= MAX_STACK_TRACE_DEPTH;
290 	trace.entries		= entries;
291 	trace.skip		= 0;
292 
293 	err = lock_trace(task);
294 	if (!err) {
295 		save_stack_trace_tsk(task, &trace);
296 
297 		for (i = 0; i < trace.nr_entries; i++) {
298 			seq_printf(m, "[<%pK>] %pS\n",
299 				   (void *)entries[i], (void *)entries[i]);
300 		}
301 		unlock_trace(task);
302 	}
303 	kfree(entries);
304 
305 	return err;
306 }
307 #endif
308 
309 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
310 /*
311  * Provides /proc/PID/schedstat
312  */
313 static int proc_pid_schedstat(struct task_struct *task, char *buffer)
314 {
315 	return sprintf(buffer, "%llu %llu %lu\n",
316 			(unsigned long long)task->se.sum_exec_runtime,
317 			(unsigned long long)task->sched_info.run_delay,
318 			task->sched_info.pcount);
319 }
320 #endif
321 
322 #ifdef CONFIG_LATENCYTOP
323 static int lstats_show_proc(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
324 {
325 	int i;
326 	struct inode *inode = m->private;
327 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(inode);
328 
329 	if (!task)
330 		return -ESRCH;
331 	seq_puts(m, "Latency Top version : v0.1\n");
332 	for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
333 		struct latency_record *lr = &task->latency_record[i];
334 		if (lr->backtrace[0]) {
335 			int q;
336 			seq_printf(m, "%i %li %li",
337 				   lr->count, lr->time, lr->max);
338 			for (q = 0; q < LT_BACKTRACEDEPTH; q++) {
339 				unsigned long bt = lr->backtrace[q];
340 				if (!bt)
341 					break;
342 				if (bt == ULONG_MAX)
343 					break;
344 				seq_printf(m, " %ps", (void *)bt);
345 			}
346 			seq_putc(m, '\n');
347 		}
348 
349 	}
350 	put_task_struct(task);
351 	return 0;
352 }
353 
354 static int lstats_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
355 {
356 	return single_open(file, lstats_show_proc, inode);
357 }
358 
359 static ssize_t lstats_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
360 			    size_t count, loff_t *offs)
361 {
362 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(file_inode(file));
363 
364 	if (!task)
365 		return -ESRCH;
366 	clear_all_latency_tracing(task);
367 	put_task_struct(task);
368 
369 	return count;
370 }
371 
372 static const struct file_operations proc_lstats_operations = {
373 	.open		= lstats_open,
374 	.read		= seq_read,
375 	.write		= lstats_write,
376 	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
377 	.release	= single_release,
378 };
379 
380 #endif
381 
382 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS
383 static int cgroup_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
384 {
385 	struct pid *pid = PROC_I(inode)->pid;
386 	return single_open(file, proc_cgroup_show, pid);
387 }
388 
389 static const struct file_operations proc_cgroup_operations = {
390 	.open		= cgroup_open,
391 	.read		= seq_read,
392 	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
393 	.release	= single_release,
394 };
395 #endif
396 
397 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_PID_CPUSET
398 
399 static int cpuset_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
400 {
401 	struct pid *pid = PROC_I(inode)->pid;
402 	return single_open(file, proc_cpuset_show, pid);
403 }
404 
405 static const struct file_operations proc_cpuset_operations = {
406 	.open		= cpuset_open,
407 	.read		= seq_read,
408 	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
409 	.release	= single_release,
410 };
411 #endif
412 
413 static int proc_oom_score(struct task_struct *task, char *buffer)
414 {
415 	unsigned long totalpages = totalram_pages + total_swap_pages;
416 	unsigned long points = 0;
417 
418 	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
419 	if (pid_alive(task))
420 		points = oom_badness(task, NULL, NULL, totalpages) *
421 						1000 / totalpages;
422 	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
423 	return sprintf(buffer, "%lu\n", points);
424 }
425 
426 struct limit_names {
427 	const char *name;
428 	const char *unit;
429 };
430 
431 static const struct limit_names lnames[RLIM_NLIMITS] = {
432 	[RLIMIT_CPU] = {"Max cpu time", "seconds"},
433 	[RLIMIT_FSIZE] = {"Max file size", "bytes"},
434 	[RLIMIT_DATA] = {"Max data size", "bytes"},
435 	[RLIMIT_STACK] = {"Max stack size", "bytes"},
436 	[RLIMIT_CORE] = {"Max core file size", "bytes"},
437 	[RLIMIT_RSS] = {"Max resident set", "bytes"},
438 	[RLIMIT_NPROC] = {"Max processes", "processes"},
439 	[RLIMIT_NOFILE] = {"Max open files", "files"},
440 	[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = {"Max locked memory", "bytes"},
441 	[RLIMIT_AS] = {"Max address space", "bytes"},
442 	[RLIMIT_LOCKS] = {"Max file locks", "locks"},
443 	[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = {"Max pending signals", "signals"},
444 	[RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = {"Max msgqueue size", "bytes"},
445 	[RLIMIT_NICE] = {"Max nice priority", NULL},
446 	[RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = {"Max realtime priority", NULL},
447 	[RLIMIT_RTTIME] = {"Max realtime timeout", "us"},
448 };
449 
450 /* Display limits for a process */
451 static int proc_pid_limits(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns,
452 			   struct pid *pid, struct task_struct *task)
453 {
454 	unsigned int i;
455 	unsigned long flags;
456 
457 	struct rlimit rlim[RLIM_NLIMITS];
458 
459 	if (!lock_task_sighand(task, &flags))
460 		return 0;
461 	memcpy(rlim, task->signal->rlim, sizeof(struct rlimit) * RLIM_NLIMITS);
462 	unlock_task_sighand(task, &flags);
463 
464 	/*
465 	 * print the file header
466 	 */
467        seq_printf(m, "%-25s %-20s %-20s %-10s\n",
468 			"Limit", "Soft Limit", "Hard Limit", "Units");
469 
470 	for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++) {
471 		if (rlim[i].rlim_cur == RLIM_INFINITY)
472 			seq_printf(m, "%-25s %-20s ",
473 					 lnames[i].name, "unlimited");
474 		else
475 			seq_printf(m, "%-25s %-20lu ",
476 					 lnames[i].name, rlim[i].rlim_cur);
477 
478 		if (rlim[i].rlim_max == RLIM_INFINITY)
479 			seq_printf(m, "%-20s ", "unlimited");
480 		else
481 			seq_printf(m, "%-20lu ", rlim[i].rlim_max);
482 
483 		if (lnames[i].unit)
484 			seq_printf(m, "%-10s\n", lnames[i].unit);
485 		else
486 			seq_putc(m, '\n');
487 	}
488 
489 	return 0;
490 }
491 
492 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRACEHOOK
493 static int proc_pid_syscall(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns,
494 			    struct pid *pid, struct task_struct *task)
495 {
496 	long nr;
497 	unsigned long args[6], sp, pc;
498 	int res = lock_trace(task);
499 	if (res)
500 		return res;
501 
502 	if (task_current_syscall(task, &nr, args, 6, &sp, &pc))
503 		seq_puts(m, "running\n");
504 	else if (nr < 0)
505 		seq_printf(m, "%ld 0x%lx 0x%lx\n", nr, sp, pc);
506 	else
507 		seq_printf(m,
508 		       "%ld 0x%lx 0x%lx 0x%lx 0x%lx 0x%lx 0x%lx 0x%lx 0x%lx\n",
509 		       nr,
510 		       args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5],
511 		       sp, pc);
512 	unlock_trace(task);
513 	return res;
514 }
515 #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRACEHOOK */
516 
517 /************************************************************************/
518 /*                       Here the fs part begins                        */
519 /************************************************************************/
520 
521 /* permission checks */
522 static int proc_fd_access_allowed(struct inode *inode)
523 {
524 	struct task_struct *task;
525 	int allowed = 0;
526 	/* Allow access to a task's file descriptors if it is us or we
527 	 * may use ptrace attach to the process and find out that
528 	 * information.
529 	 */
530 	task = get_proc_task(inode);
531 	if (task) {
532 		allowed = ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ);
533 		put_task_struct(task);
534 	}
535 	return allowed;
536 }
537 
538 int proc_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr)
539 {
540 	int error;
541 	struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
542 
543 	if (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_MODE)
544 		return -EPERM;
545 
546 	error = inode_change_ok(inode, attr);
547 	if (error)
548 		return error;
549 
550 	setattr_copy(inode, attr);
551 	mark_inode_dirty(inode);
552 	return 0;
553 }
554 
555 /*
556  * May current process learn task's sched/cmdline info (for hide_pid_min=1)
557  * or euid/egid (for hide_pid_min=2)?
558  */
559 static bool has_pid_permissions(struct pid_namespace *pid,
560 				 struct task_struct *task,
561 				 int hide_pid_min)
562 {
563 	if (pid->hide_pid < hide_pid_min)
564 		return true;
565 	if (in_group_p(pid->pid_gid))
566 		return true;
567 	return ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ);
568 }
569 
570 
571 static int proc_pid_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
572 {
573 	struct pid_namespace *pid = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
574 	struct task_struct *task;
575 	bool has_perms;
576 
577 	task = get_proc_task(inode);
578 	if (!task)
579 		return -ESRCH;
580 	has_perms = has_pid_permissions(pid, task, 1);
581 	put_task_struct(task);
582 
583 	if (!has_perms) {
584 		if (pid->hide_pid == 2) {
585 			/*
586 			 * Let's make getdents(), stat(), and open()
587 			 * consistent with each other.  If a process
588 			 * may not stat() a file, it shouldn't be seen
589 			 * in procfs at all.
590 			 */
591 			return -ENOENT;
592 		}
593 
594 		return -EPERM;
595 	}
596 	return generic_permission(inode, mask);
597 }
598 
599 
600 
601 static const struct inode_operations proc_def_inode_operations = {
602 	.setattr	= proc_setattr,
603 };
604 
605 #define PROC_BLOCK_SIZE	(3*1024)		/* 4K page size but our output routines use some slack for overruns */
606 
607 static ssize_t proc_info_read(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
608 			  size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
609 {
610 	struct inode * inode = file_inode(file);
611 	unsigned long page;
612 	ssize_t length;
613 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(inode);
614 
615 	length = -ESRCH;
616 	if (!task)
617 		goto out_no_task;
618 
619 	if (count > PROC_BLOCK_SIZE)
620 		count = PROC_BLOCK_SIZE;
621 
622 	length = -ENOMEM;
623 	if (!(page = __get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY)))
624 		goto out;
625 
626 	length = PROC_I(inode)->op.proc_read(task, (char*)page);
627 
628 	if (length >= 0)
629 		length = simple_read_from_buffer(buf, count, ppos, (char *)page, length);
630 	free_page(page);
631 out:
632 	put_task_struct(task);
633 out_no_task:
634 	return length;
635 }
636 
637 static const struct file_operations proc_info_file_operations = {
638 	.read		= proc_info_read,
639 	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,
640 };
641 
642 static int proc_single_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
643 {
644 	struct inode *inode = m->private;
645 	struct pid_namespace *ns;
646 	struct pid *pid;
647 	struct task_struct *task;
648 	int ret;
649 
650 	ns = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
651 	pid = proc_pid(inode);
652 	task = get_pid_task(pid, PIDTYPE_PID);
653 	if (!task)
654 		return -ESRCH;
655 
656 	ret = PROC_I(inode)->op.proc_show(m, ns, pid, task);
657 
658 	put_task_struct(task);
659 	return ret;
660 }
661 
662 static int proc_single_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
663 {
664 	return single_open(filp, proc_single_show, inode);
665 }
666 
667 static const struct file_operations proc_single_file_operations = {
668 	.open		= proc_single_open,
669 	.read		= seq_read,
670 	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
671 	.release	= single_release,
672 };
673 
674 static int __mem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file, unsigned int mode)
675 {
676 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(file_inode(file));
677 	struct mm_struct *mm;
678 
679 	if (!task)
680 		return -ESRCH;
681 
682 	mm = mm_access(task, mode);
683 	put_task_struct(task);
684 
685 	if (IS_ERR(mm))
686 		return PTR_ERR(mm);
687 
688 	if (mm) {
689 		/* ensure this mm_struct can't be freed */
690 		atomic_inc(&mm->mm_count);
691 		/* but do not pin its memory */
692 		mmput(mm);
693 	}
694 
695 	file->private_data = mm;
696 
697 	return 0;
698 }
699 
700 static int mem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
701 {
702 	int ret = __mem_open(inode, file, PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH);
703 
704 	/* OK to pass negative loff_t, we can catch out-of-range */
705 	file->f_mode |= FMODE_UNSIGNED_OFFSET;
706 
707 	return ret;
708 }
709 
710 static ssize_t mem_rw(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
711 			size_t count, loff_t *ppos, int write)
712 {
713 	struct mm_struct *mm = file->private_data;
714 	unsigned long addr = *ppos;
715 	ssize_t copied;
716 	char *page;
717 
718 	if (!mm)
719 		return 0;
720 
721 	page = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY);
722 	if (!page)
723 		return -ENOMEM;
724 
725 	copied = 0;
726 	if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&mm->mm_users))
727 		goto free;
728 
729 	while (count > 0) {
730 		int this_len = min_t(int, count, PAGE_SIZE);
731 
732 		if (write && copy_from_user(page, buf, this_len)) {
733 			copied = -EFAULT;
734 			break;
735 		}
736 
737 		this_len = access_remote_vm(mm, addr, page, this_len, write);
738 		if (!this_len) {
739 			if (!copied)
740 				copied = -EIO;
741 			break;
742 		}
743 
744 		if (!write && copy_to_user(buf, page, this_len)) {
745 			copied = -EFAULT;
746 			break;
747 		}
748 
749 		buf += this_len;
750 		addr += this_len;
751 		copied += this_len;
752 		count -= this_len;
753 	}
754 	*ppos = addr;
755 
756 	mmput(mm);
757 free:
758 	free_page((unsigned long) page);
759 	return copied;
760 }
761 
762 static ssize_t mem_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
763 			size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
764 {
765 	return mem_rw(file, buf, count, ppos, 0);
766 }
767 
768 static ssize_t mem_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
769 			 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
770 {
771 	return mem_rw(file, (char __user*)buf, count, ppos, 1);
772 }
773 
774 loff_t mem_lseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int orig)
775 {
776 	switch (orig) {
777 	case 0:
778 		file->f_pos = offset;
779 		break;
780 	case 1:
781 		file->f_pos += offset;
782 		break;
783 	default:
784 		return -EINVAL;
785 	}
786 	force_successful_syscall_return();
787 	return file->f_pos;
788 }
789 
790 static int mem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
791 {
792 	struct mm_struct *mm = file->private_data;
793 	if (mm)
794 		mmdrop(mm);
795 	return 0;
796 }
797 
798 static const struct file_operations proc_mem_operations = {
799 	.llseek		= mem_lseek,
800 	.read		= mem_read,
801 	.write		= mem_write,
802 	.open		= mem_open,
803 	.release	= mem_release,
804 };
805 
806 static int environ_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
807 {
808 	return __mem_open(inode, file, PTRACE_MODE_READ);
809 }
810 
811 static ssize_t environ_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
812 			size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
813 {
814 	char *page;
815 	unsigned long src = *ppos;
816 	int ret = 0;
817 	struct mm_struct *mm = file->private_data;
818 
819 	if (!mm)
820 		return 0;
821 
822 	page = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY);
823 	if (!page)
824 		return -ENOMEM;
825 
826 	ret = 0;
827 	if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&mm->mm_users))
828 		goto free;
829 	while (count > 0) {
830 		size_t this_len, max_len;
831 		int retval;
832 
833 		if (src >= (mm->env_end - mm->env_start))
834 			break;
835 
836 		this_len = mm->env_end - (mm->env_start + src);
837 
838 		max_len = min_t(size_t, PAGE_SIZE, count);
839 		this_len = min(max_len, this_len);
840 
841 		retval = access_remote_vm(mm, (mm->env_start + src),
842 			page, this_len, 0);
843 
844 		if (retval <= 0) {
845 			ret = retval;
846 			break;
847 		}
848 
849 		if (copy_to_user(buf, page, retval)) {
850 			ret = -EFAULT;
851 			break;
852 		}
853 
854 		ret += retval;
855 		src += retval;
856 		buf += retval;
857 		count -= retval;
858 	}
859 	*ppos = src;
860 	mmput(mm);
861 
862 free:
863 	free_page((unsigned long) page);
864 	return ret;
865 }
866 
867 static const struct file_operations proc_environ_operations = {
868 	.open		= environ_open,
869 	.read		= environ_read,
870 	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,
871 	.release	= mem_release,
872 };
873 
874 static ssize_t oom_adj_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count,
875 			    loff_t *ppos)
876 {
877 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(file_inode(file));
878 	char buffer[PROC_NUMBUF];
879 	int oom_adj = OOM_ADJUST_MIN;
880 	size_t len;
881 	unsigned long flags;
882 
883 	if (!task)
884 		return -ESRCH;
885 	if (lock_task_sighand(task, &flags)) {
886 		if (task->signal->oom_score_adj == OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX)
887 			oom_adj = OOM_ADJUST_MAX;
888 		else
889 			oom_adj = (task->signal->oom_score_adj * -OOM_DISABLE) /
890 				  OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX;
891 		unlock_task_sighand(task, &flags);
892 	}
893 	put_task_struct(task);
894 	len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d\n", oom_adj);
895 	return simple_read_from_buffer(buf, count, ppos, buffer, len);
896 }
897 
898 static ssize_t oom_adj_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
899 			     size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
900 {
901 	struct task_struct *task;
902 	char buffer[PROC_NUMBUF];
903 	int oom_adj;
904 	unsigned long flags;
905 	int err;
906 
907 	memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
908 	if (count > sizeof(buffer) - 1)
909 		count = sizeof(buffer) - 1;
910 	if (copy_from_user(buffer, buf, count)) {
911 		err = -EFAULT;
912 		goto out;
913 	}
914 
915 	err = kstrtoint(strstrip(buffer), 0, &oom_adj);
916 	if (err)
917 		goto out;
918 	if ((oom_adj < OOM_ADJUST_MIN || oom_adj > OOM_ADJUST_MAX) &&
919 	     oom_adj != OOM_DISABLE) {
920 		err = -EINVAL;
921 		goto out;
922 	}
923 
924 	task = get_proc_task(file_inode(file));
925 	if (!task) {
926 		err = -ESRCH;
927 		goto out;
928 	}
929 
930 	task_lock(task);
931 	if (!task->mm) {
932 		err = -EINVAL;
933 		goto err_task_lock;
934 	}
935 
936 	if (!lock_task_sighand(task, &flags)) {
937 		err = -ESRCH;
938 		goto err_task_lock;
939 	}
940 
941 	/*
942 	 * Scale /proc/pid/oom_score_adj appropriately ensuring that a maximum
943 	 * value is always attainable.
944 	 */
945 	if (oom_adj == OOM_ADJUST_MAX)
946 		oom_adj = OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX;
947 	else
948 		oom_adj = (oom_adj * OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX) / -OOM_DISABLE;
949 
950 	if (oom_adj < task->signal->oom_score_adj &&
951 	    !capable(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE)) {
952 		err = -EACCES;
953 		goto err_sighand;
954 	}
955 
956 	/*
957 	 * /proc/pid/oom_adj is provided for legacy purposes, ask users to use
958 	 * /proc/pid/oom_score_adj instead.
959 	 */
960 	pr_warn_once("%s (%d): /proc/%d/oom_adj is deprecated, please use /proc/%d/oom_score_adj instead.\n",
961 		  current->comm, task_pid_nr(current), task_pid_nr(task),
962 		  task_pid_nr(task));
963 
964 	task->signal->oom_score_adj = oom_adj;
965 	trace_oom_score_adj_update(task);
966 err_sighand:
967 	unlock_task_sighand(task, &flags);
968 err_task_lock:
969 	task_unlock(task);
970 	put_task_struct(task);
971 out:
972 	return err < 0 ? err : count;
973 }
974 
975 static const struct file_operations proc_oom_adj_operations = {
976 	.read		= oom_adj_read,
977 	.write		= oom_adj_write,
978 	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,
979 };
980 
981 static ssize_t oom_score_adj_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
982 					size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
983 {
984 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(file_inode(file));
985 	char buffer[PROC_NUMBUF];
986 	short oom_score_adj = OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN;
987 	unsigned long flags;
988 	size_t len;
989 
990 	if (!task)
991 		return -ESRCH;
992 	if (lock_task_sighand(task, &flags)) {
993 		oom_score_adj = task->signal->oom_score_adj;
994 		unlock_task_sighand(task, &flags);
995 	}
996 	put_task_struct(task);
997 	len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%hd\n", oom_score_adj);
998 	return simple_read_from_buffer(buf, count, ppos, buffer, len);
999 }
1000 
1001 static ssize_t oom_score_adj_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
1002 					size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
1003 {
1004 	struct task_struct *task;
1005 	char buffer[PROC_NUMBUF];
1006 	unsigned long flags;
1007 	int oom_score_adj;
1008 	int err;
1009 
1010 	memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
1011 	if (count > sizeof(buffer) - 1)
1012 		count = sizeof(buffer) - 1;
1013 	if (copy_from_user(buffer, buf, count)) {
1014 		err = -EFAULT;
1015 		goto out;
1016 	}
1017 
1018 	err = kstrtoint(strstrip(buffer), 0, &oom_score_adj);
1019 	if (err)
1020 		goto out;
1021 	if (oom_score_adj < OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN ||
1022 			oom_score_adj > OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX) {
1023 		err = -EINVAL;
1024 		goto out;
1025 	}
1026 
1027 	task = get_proc_task(file_inode(file));
1028 	if (!task) {
1029 		err = -ESRCH;
1030 		goto out;
1031 	}
1032 
1033 	task_lock(task);
1034 	if (!task->mm) {
1035 		err = -EINVAL;
1036 		goto err_task_lock;
1037 	}
1038 
1039 	if (!lock_task_sighand(task, &flags)) {
1040 		err = -ESRCH;
1041 		goto err_task_lock;
1042 	}
1043 
1044 	if ((short)oom_score_adj < task->signal->oom_score_adj_min &&
1045 			!capable(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE)) {
1046 		err = -EACCES;
1047 		goto err_sighand;
1048 	}
1049 
1050 	task->signal->oom_score_adj = (short)oom_score_adj;
1051 	if (has_capability_noaudit(current, CAP_SYS_RESOURCE))
1052 		task->signal->oom_score_adj_min = (short)oom_score_adj;
1053 	trace_oom_score_adj_update(task);
1054 
1055 err_sighand:
1056 	unlock_task_sighand(task, &flags);
1057 err_task_lock:
1058 	task_unlock(task);
1059 	put_task_struct(task);
1060 out:
1061 	return err < 0 ? err : count;
1062 }
1063 
1064 static const struct file_operations proc_oom_score_adj_operations = {
1065 	.read		= oom_score_adj_read,
1066 	.write		= oom_score_adj_write,
1067 	.llseek		= default_llseek,
1068 };
1069 
1070 #ifdef CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL
1071 #define TMPBUFLEN 21
1072 static ssize_t proc_loginuid_read(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
1073 				  size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
1074 {
1075 	struct inode * inode = file_inode(file);
1076 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(inode);
1077 	ssize_t length;
1078 	char tmpbuf[TMPBUFLEN];
1079 
1080 	if (!task)
1081 		return -ESRCH;
1082 	length = scnprintf(tmpbuf, TMPBUFLEN, "%u",
1083 			   from_kuid(file->f_cred->user_ns,
1084 				     audit_get_loginuid(task)));
1085 	put_task_struct(task);
1086 	return simple_read_from_buffer(buf, count, ppos, tmpbuf, length);
1087 }
1088 
1089 static ssize_t proc_loginuid_write(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
1090 				   size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
1091 {
1092 	struct inode * inode = file_inode(file);
1093 	char *page, *tmp;
1094 	ssize_t length;
1095 	uid_t loginuid;
1096 	kuid_t kloginuid;
1097 
1098 	rcu_read_lock();
1099 	if (current != pid_task(proc_pid(inode), PIDTYPE_PID)) {
1100 		rcu_read_unlock();
1101 		return -EPERM;
1102 	}
1103 	rcu_read_unlock();
1104 
1105 	if (count >= PAGE_SIZE)
1106 		count = PAGE_SIZE - 1;
1107 
1108 	if (*ppos != 0) {
1109 		/* No partial writes. */
1110 		return -EINVAL;
1111 	}
1112 	page = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY);
1113 	if (!page)
1114 		return -ENOMEM;
1115 	length = -EFAULT;
1116 	if (copy_from_user(page, buf, count))
1117 		goto out_free_page;
1118 
1119 	page[count] = '\0';
1120 	loginuid = simple_strtoul(page, &tmp, 10);
1121 	if (tmp == page) {
1122 		length = -EINVAL;
1123 		goto out_free_page;
1124 
1125 	}
1126 
1127 	/* is userspace tring to explicitly UNSET the loginuid? */
1128 	if (loginuid == AUDIT_UID_UNSET) {
1129 		kloginuid = INVALID_UID;
1130 	} else {
1131 		kloginuid = make_kuid(file->f_cred->user_ns, loginuid);
1132 		if (!uid_valid(kloginuid)) {
1133 			length = -EINVAL;
1134 			goto out_free_page;
1135 		}
1136 	}
1137 
1138 	length = audit_set_loginuid(kloginuid);
1139 	if (likely(length == 0))
1140 		length = count;
1141 
1142 out_free_page:
1143 	free_page((unsigned long) page);
1144 	return length;
1145 }
1146 
1147 static const struct file_operations proc_loginuid_operations = {
1148 	.read		= proc_loginuid_read,
1149 	.write		= proc_loginuid_write,
1150 	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,
1151 };
1152 
1153 static ssize_t proc_sessionid_read(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
1154 				  size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
1155 {
1156 	struct inode * inode = file_inode(file);
1157 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(inode);
1158 	ssize_t length;
1159 	char tmpbuf[TMPBUFLEN];
1160 
1161 	if (!task)
1162 		return -ESRCH;
1163 	length = scnprintf(tmpbuf, TMPBUFLEN, "%u",
1164 				audit_get_sessionid(task));
1165 	put_task_struct(task);
1166 	return simple_read_from_buffer(buf, count, ppos, tmpbuf, length);
1167 }
1168 
1169 static const struct file_operations proc_sessionid_operations = {
1170 	.read		= proc_sessionid_read,
1171 	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,
1172 };
1173 #endif
1174 
1175 #ifdef CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION
1176 static ssize_t proc_fault_inject_read(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
1177 				      size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
1178 {
1179 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(file_inode(file));
1180 	char buffer[PROC_NUMBUF];
1181 	size_t len;
1182 	int make_it_fail;
1183 
1184 	if (!task)
1185 		return -ESRCH;
1186 	make_it_fail = task->make_it_fail;
1187 	put_task_struct(task);
1188 
1189 	len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%i\n", make_it_fail);
1190 
1191 	return simple_read_from_buffer(buf, count, ppos, buffer, len);
1192 }
1193 
1194 static ssize_t proc_fault_inject_write(struct file * file,
1195 			const char __user * buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
1196 {
1197 	struct task_struct *task;
1198 	char buffer[PROC_NUMBUF], *end;
1199 	int make_it_fail;
1200 
1201 	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE))
1202 		return -EPERM;
1203 	memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
1204 	if (count > sizeof(buffer) - 1)
1205 		count = sizeof(buffer) - 1;
1206 	if (copy_from_user(buffer, buf, count))
1207 		return -EFAULT;
1208 	make_it_fail = simple_strtol(strstrip(buffer), &end, 0);
1209 	if (*end)
1210 		return -EINVAL;
1211 	if (make_it_fail < 0 || make_it_fail > 1)
1212 		return -EINVAL;
1213 
1214 	task = get_proc_task(file_inode(file));
1215 	if (!task)
1216 		return -ESRCH;
1217 	task->make_it_fail = make_it_fail;
1218 	put_task_struct(task);
1219 
1220 	return count;
1221 }
1222 
1223 static const struct file_operations proc_fault_inject_operations = {
1224 	.read		= proc_fault_inject_read,
1225 	.write		= proc_fault_inject_write,
1226 	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,
1227 };
1228 #endif
1229 
1230 
1231 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG
1232 /*
1233  * Print out various scheduling related per-task fields:
1234  */
1235 static int sched_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
1236 {
1237 	struct inode *inode = m->private;
1238 	struct task_struct *p;
1239 
1240 	p = get_proc_task(inode);
1241 	if (!p)
1242 		return -ESRCH;
1243 	proc_sched_show_task(p, m);
1244 
1245 	put_task_struct(p);
1246 
1247 	return 0;
1248 }
1249 
1250 static ssize_t
1251 sched_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
1252 	    size_t count, loff_t *offset)
1253 {
1254 	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
1255 	struct task_struct *p;
1256 
1257 	p = get_proc_task(inode);
1258 	if (!p)
1259 		return -ESRCH;
1260 	proc_sched_set_task(p);
1261 
1262 	put_task_struct(p);
1263 
1264 	return count;
1265 }
1266 
1267 static int sched_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
1268 {
1269 	return single_open(filp, sched_show, inode);
1270 }
1271 
1272 static const struct file_operations proc_pid_sched_operations = {
1273 	.open		= sched_open,
1274 	.read		= seq_read,
1275 	.write		= sched_write,
1276 	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
1277 	.release	= single_release,
1278 };
1279 
1280 #endif
1281 
1282 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_AUTOGROUP
1283 /*
1284  * Print out autogroup related information:
1285  */
1286 static int sched_autogroup_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
1287 {
1288 	struct inode *inode = m->private;
1289 	struct task_struct *p;
1290 
1291 	p = get_proc_task(inode);
1292 	if (!p)
1293 		return -ESRCH;
1294 	proc_sched_autogroup_show_task(p, m);
1295 
1296 	put_task_struct(p);
1297 
1298 	return 0;
1299 }
1300 
1301 static ssize_t
1302 sched_autogroup_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
1303 	    size_t count, loff_t *offset)
1304 {
1305 	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
1306 	struct task_struct *p;
1307 	char buffer[PROC_NUMBUF];
1308 	int nice;
1309 	int err;
1310 
1311 	memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
1312 	if (count > sizeof(buffer) - 1)
1313 		count = sizeof(buffer) - 1;
1314 	if (copy_from_user(buffer, buf, count))
1315 		return -EFAULT;
1316 
1317 	err = kstrtoint(strstrip(buffer), 0, &nice);
1318 	if (err < 0)
1319 		return err;
1320 
1321 	p = get_proc_task(inode);
1322 	if (!p)
1323 		return -ESRCH;
1324 
1325 	err = proc_sched_autogroup_set_nice(p, nice);
1326 	if (err)
1327 		count = err;
1328 
1329 	put_task_struct(p);
1330 
1331 	return count;
1332 }
1333 
1334 static int sched_autogroup_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
1335 {
1336 	int ret;
1337 
1338 	ret = single_open(filp, sched_autogroup_show, NULL);
1339 	if (!ret) {
1340 		struct seq_file *m = filp->private_data;
1341 
1342 		m->private = inode;
1343 	}
1344 	return ret;
1345 }
1346 
1347 static const struct file_operations proc_pid_sched_autogroup_operations = {
1348 	.open		= sched_autogroup_open,
1349 	.read		= seq_read,
1350 	.write		= sched_autogroup_write,
1351 	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
1352 	.release	= single_release,
1353 };
1354 
1355 #endif /* CONFIG_SCHED_AUTOGROUP */
1356 
1357 static ssize_t comm_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
1358 				size_t count, loff_t *offset)
1359 {
1360 	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
1361 	struct task_struct *p;
1362 	char buffer[TASK_COMM_LEN];
1363 	const size_t maxlen = sizeof(buffer) - 1;
1364 
1365 	memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
1366 	if (copy_from_user(buffer, buf, count > maxlen ? maxlen : count))
1367 		return -EFAULT;
1368 
1369 	p = get_proc_task(inode);
1370 	if (!p)
1371 		return -ESRCH;
1372 
1373 	if (same_thread_group(current, p))
1374 		set_task_comm(p, buffer);
1375 	else
1376 		count = -EINVAL;
1377 
1378 	put_task_struct(p);
1379 
1380 	return count;
1381 }
1382 
1383 static int comm_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
1384 {
1385 	struct inode *inode = m->private;
1386 	struct task_struct *p;
1387 
1388 	p = get_proc_task(inode);
1389 	if (!p)
1390 		return -ESRCH;
1391 
1392 	task_lock(p);
1393 	seq_printf(m, "%s\n", p->comm);
1394 	task_unlock(p);
1395 
1396 	put_task_struct(p);
1397 
1398 	return 0;
1399 }
1400 
1401 static int comm_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
1402 {
1403 	return single_open(filp, comm_show, inode);
1404 }
1405 
1406 static const struct file_operations proc_pid_set_comm_operations = {
1407 	.open		= comm_open,
1408 	.read		= seq_read,
1409 	.write		= comm_write,
1410 	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
1411 	.release	= single_release,
1412 };
1413 
1414 static int proc_exe_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct path *exe_path)
1415 {
1416 	struct task_struct *task;
1417 	struct mm_struct *mm;
1418 	struct file *exe_file;
1419 
1420 	task = get_proc_task(dentry->d_inode);
1421 	if (!task)
1422 		return -ENOENT;
1423 	mm = get_task_mm(task);
1424 	put_task_struct(task);
1425 	if (!mm)
1426 		return -ENOENT;
1427 	exe_file = get_mm_exe_file(mm);
1428 	mmput(mm);
1429 	if (exe_file) {
1430 		*exe_path = exe_file->f_path;
1431 		path_get(&exe_file->f_path);
1432 		fput(exe_file);
1433 		return 0;
1434 	} else
1435 		return -ENOENT;
1436 }
1437 
1438 static void *proc_pid_follow_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd)
1439 {
1440 	struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
1441 	struct path path;
1442 	int error = -EACCES;
1443 
1444 	/* Are we allowed to snoop on the tasks file descriptors? */
1445 	if (!proc_fd_access_allowed(inode))
1446 		goto out;
1447 
1448 	error = PROC_I(inode)->op.proc_get_link(dentry, &path);
1449 	if (error)
1450 		goto out;
1451 
1452 	nd_jump_link(nd, &path);
1453 	return NULL;
1454 out:
1455 	return ERR_PTR(error);
1456 }
1457 
1458 static int do_proc_readlink(struct path *path, char __user *buffer, int buflen)
1459 {
1460 	char *tmp = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY);
1461 	char *pathname;
1462 	int len;
1463 
1464 	if (!tmp)
1465 		return -ENOMEM;
1466 
1467 	pathname = d_path(path, tmp, PAGE_SIZE);
1468 	len = PTR_ERR(pathname);
1469 	if (IS_ERR(pathname))
1470 		goto out;
1471 	len = tmp + PAGE_SIZE - 1 - pathname;
1472 
1473 	if (len > buflen)
1474 		len = buflen;
1475 	if (copy_to_user(buffer, pathname, len))
1476 		len = -EFAULT;
1477  out:
1478 	free_page((unsigned long)tmp);
1479 	return len;
1480 }
1481 
1482 static int proc_pid_readlink(struct dentry * dentry, char __user * buffer, int buflen)
1483 {
1484 	int error = -EACCES;
1485 	struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
1486 	struct path path;
1487 
1488 	/* Are we allowed to snoop on the tasks file descriptors? */
1489 	if (!proc_fd_access_allowed(inode))
1490 		goto out;
1491 
1492 	error = PROC_I(inode)->op.proc_get_link(dentry, &path);
1493 	if (error)
1494 		goto out;
1495 
1496 	error = do_proc_readlink(&path, buffer, buflen);
1497 	path_put(&path);
1498 out:
1499 	return error;
1500 }
1501 
1502 const struct inode_operations proc_pid_link_inode_operations = {
1503 	.readlink	= proc_pid_readlink,
1504 	.follow_link	= proc_pid_follow_link,
1505 	.setattr	= proc_setattr,
1506 };
1507 
1508 
1509 /* building an inode */
1510 
1511 struct inode *proc_pid_make_inode(struct super_block * sb, struct task_struct *task)
1512 {
1513 	struct inode * inode;
1514 	struct proc_inode *ei;
1515 	const struct cred *cred;
1516 
1517 	/* We need a new inode */
1518 
1519 	inode = new_inode(sb);
1520 	if (!inode)
1521 		goto out;
1522 
1523 	/* Common stuff */
1524 	ei = PROC_I(inode);
1525 	inode->i_ino = get_next_ino();
1526 	inode->i_mtime = inode->i_atime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;
1527 	inode->i_op = &proc_def_inode_operations;
1528 
1529 	/*
1530 	 * grab the reference to task.
1531 	 */
1532 	ei->pid = get_task_pid(task, PIDTYPE_PID);
1533 	if (!ei->pid)
1534 		goto out_unlock;
1535 
1536 	if (task_dumpable(task)) {
1537 		rcu_read_lock();
1538 		cred = __task_cred(task);
1539 		inode->i_uid = cred->euid;
1540 		inode->i_gid = cred->egid;
1541 		rcu_read_unlock();
1542 	}
1543 	security_task_to_inode(task, inode);
1544 
1545 out:
1546 	return inode;
1547 
1548 out_unlock:
1549 	iput(inode);
1550 	return NULL;
1551 }
1552 
1553 int pid_getattr(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct dentry *dentry, struct kstat *stat)
1554 {
1555 	struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
1556 	struct task_struct *task;
1557 	const struct cred *cred;
1558 	struct pid_namespace *pid = dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
1559 
1560 	generic_fillattr(inode, stat);
1561 
1562 	rcu_read_lock();
1563 	stat->uid = GLOBAL_ROOT_UID;
1564 	stat->gid = GLOBAL_ROOT_GID;
1565 	task = pid_task(proc_pid(inode), PIDTYPE_PID);
1566 	if (task) {
1567 		if (!has_pid_permissions(pid, task, 2)) {
1568 			rcu_read_unlock();
1569 			/*
1570 			 * This doesn't prevent learning whether PID exists,
1571 			 * it only makes getattr() consistent with readdir().
1572 			 */
1573 			return -ENOENT;
1574 		}
1575 		if ((inode->i_mode == (S_IFDIR|S_IRUGO|S_IXUGO)) ||
1576 		    task_dumpable(task)) {
1577 			cred = __task_cred(task);
1578 			stat->uid = cred->euid;
1579 			stat->gid = cred->egid;
1580 		}
1581 	}
1582 	rcu_read_unlock();
1583 	return 0;
1584 }
1585 
1586 /* dentry stuff */
1587 
1588 /*
1589  *	Exceptional case: normally we are not allowed to unhash a busy
1590  * directory. In this case, however, we can do it - no aliasing problems
1591  * due to the way we treat inodes.
1592  *
1593  * Rewrite the inode's ownerships here because the owning task may have
1594  * performed a setuid(), etc.
1595  *
1596  * Before the /proc/pid/status file was created the only way to read
1597  * the effective uid of a /process was to stat /proc/pid.  Reading
1598  * /proc/pid/status is slow enough that procps and other packages
1599  * kept stating /proc/pid.  To keep the rules in /proc simple I have
1600  * made this apply to all per process world readable and executable
1601  * directories.
1602  */
1603 int pid_revalidate(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int flags)
1604 {
1605 	struct inode *inode;
1606 	struct task_struct *task;
1607 	const struct cred *cred;
1608 
1609 	if (flags & LOOKUP_RCU)
1610 		return -ECHILD;
1611 
1612 	inode = dentry->d_inode;
1613 	task = get_proc_task(inode);
1614 
1615 	if (task) {
1616 		if ((inode->i_mode == (S_IFDIR|S_IRUGO|S_IXUGO)) ||
1617 		    task_dumpable(task)) {
1618 			rcu_read_lock();
1619 			cred = __task_cred(task);
1620 			inode->i_uid = cred->euid;
1621 			inode->i_gid = cred->egid;
1622 			rcu_read_unlock();
1623 		} else {
1624 			inode->i_uid = GLOBAL_ROOT_UID;
1625 			inode->i_gid = GLOBAL_ROOT_GID;
1626 		}
1627 		inode->i_mode &= ~(S_ISUID | S_ISGID);
1628 		security_task_to_inode(task, inode);
1629 		put_task_struct(task);
1630 		return 1;
1631 	}
1632 	d_drop(dentry);
1633 	return 0;
1634 }
1635 
1636 static inline bool proc_inode_is_dead(struct inode *inode)
1637 {
1638 	return !proc_pid(inode)->tasks[PIDTYPE_PID].first;
1639 }
1640 
1641 int pid_delete_dentry(const struct dentry *dentry)
1642 {
1643 	/* Is the task we represent dead?
1644 	 * If so, then don't put the dentry on the lru list,
1645 	 * kill it immediately.
1646 	 */
1647 	return proc_inode_is_dead(dentry->d_inode);
1648 }
1649 
1650 const struct dentry_operations pid_dentry_operations =
1651 {
1652 	.d_revalidate	= pid_revalidate,
1653 	.d_delete	= pid_delete_dentry,
1654 };
1655 
1656 /* Lookups */
1657 
1658 /*
1659  * Fill a directory entry.
1660  *
1661  * If possible create the dcache entry and derive our inode number and
1662  * file type from dcache entry.
1663  *
1664  * Since all of the proc inode numbers are dynamically generated, the inode
1665  * numbers do not exist until the inode is cache.  This means creating the
1666  * the dcache entry in readdir is necessary to keep the inode numbers
1667  * reported by readdir in sync with the inode numbers reported
1668  * by stat.
1669  */
1670 bool proc_fill_cache(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx,
1671 	const char *name, int len,
1672 	instantiate_t instantiate, struct task_struct *task, const void *ptr)
1673 {
1674 	struct dentry *child, *dir = file->f_path.dentry;
1675 	struct qstr qname = QSTR_INIT(name, len);
1676 	struct inode *inode;
1677 	unsigned type;
1678 	ino_t ino;
1679 
1680 	child = d_hash_and_lookup(dir, &qname);
1681 	if (!child) {
1682 		child = d_alloc(dir, &qname);
1683 		if (!child)
1684 			goto end_instantiate;
1685 		if (instantiate(dir->d_inode, child, task, ptr) < 0) {
1686 			dput(child);
1687 			goto end_instantiate;
1688 		}
1689 	}
1690 	inode = child->d_inode;
1691 	ino = inode->i_ino;
1692 	type = inode->i_mode >> 12;
1693 	dput(child);
1694 	return dir_emit(ctx, name, len, ino, type);
1695 
1696 end_instantiate:
1697 	return dir_emit(ctx, name, len, 1, DT_UNKNOWN);
1698 }
1699 
1700 #ifdef CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
1701 
1702 /*
1703  * dname_to_vma_addr - maps a dentry name into two unsigned longs
1704  * which represent vma start and end addresses.
1705  */
1706 static int dname_to_vma_addr(struct dentry *dentry,
1707 			     unsigned long *start, unsigned long *end)
1708 {
1709 	if (sscanf(dentry->d_name.name, "%lx-%lx", start, end) != 2)
1710 		return -EINVAL;
1711 
1712 	return 0;
1713 }
1714 
1715 static int map_files_d_revalidate(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int flags)
1716 {
1717 	unsigned long vm_start, vm_end;
1718 	bool exact_vma_exists = false;
1719 	struct mm_struct *mm = NULL;
1720 	struct task_struct *task;
1721 	const struct cred *cred;
1722 	struct inode *inode;
1723 	int status = 0;
1724 
1725 	if (flags & LOOKUP_RCU)
1726 		return -ECHILD;
1727 
1728 	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) {
1729 		status = -EPERM;
1730 		goto out_notask;
1731 	}
1732 
1733 	inode = dentry->d_inode;
1734 	task = get_proc_task(inode);
1735 	if (!task)
1736 		goto out_notask;
1737 
1738 	mm = mm_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ);
1739 	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(mm))
1740 		goto out;
1741 
1742 	if (!dname_to_vma_addr(dentry, &vm_start, &vm_end)) {
1743 		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
1744 		exact_vma_exists = !!find_exact_vma(mm, vm_start, vm_end);
1745 		up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
1746 	}
1747 
1748 	mmput(mm);
1749 
1750 	if (exact_vma_exists) {
1751 		if (task_dumpable(task)) {
1752 			rcu_read_lock();
1753 			cred = __task_cred(task);
1754 			inode->i_uid = cred->euid;
1755 			inode->i_gid = cred->egid;
1756 			rcu_read_unlock();
1757 		} else {
1758 			inode->i_uid = GLOBAL_ROOT_UID;
1759 			inode->i_gid = GLOBAL_ROOT_GID;
1760 		}
1761 		security_task_to_inode(task, inode);
1762 		status = 1;
1763 	}
1764 
1765 out:
1766 	put_task_struct(task);
1767 
1768 out_notask:
1769 	if (status <= 0)
1770 		d_drop(dentry);
1771 
1772 	return status;
1773 }
1774 
1775 static const struct dentry_operations tid_map_files_dentry_operations = {
1776 	.d_revalidate	= map_files_d_revalidate,
1777 	.d_delete	= pid_delete_dentry,
1778 };
1779 
1780 static int proc_map_files_get_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct path *path)
1781 {
1782 	unsigned long vm_start, vm_end;
1783 	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
1784 	struct task_struct *task;
1785 	struct mm_struct *mm;
1786 	int rc;
1787 
1788 	rc = -ENOENT;
1789 	task = get_proc_task(dentry->d_inode);
1790 	if (!task)
1791 		goto out;
1792 
1793 	mm = get_task_mm(task);
1794 	put_task_struct(task);
1795 	if (!mm)
1796 		goto out;
1797 
1798 	rc = dname_to_vma_addr(dentry, &vm_start, &vm_end);
1799 	if (rc)
1800 		goto out_mmput;
1801 
1802 	rc = -ENOENT;
1803 	down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
1804 	vma = find_exact_vma(mm, vm_start, vm_end);
1805 	if (vma && vma->vm_file) {
1806 		*path = vma->vm_file->f_path;
1807 		path_get(path);
1808 		rc = 0;
1809 	}
1810 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
1811 
1812 out_mmput:
1813 	mmput(mm);
1814 out:
1815 	return rc;
1816 }
1817 
1818 struct map_files_info {
1819 	fmode_t		mode;
1820 	unsigned long	len;
1821 	unsigned char	name[4*sizeof(long)+2]; /* max: %lx-%lx\0 */
1822 };
1823 
1824 static int
1825 proc_map_files_instantiate(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
1826 			   struct task_struct *task, const void *ptr)
1827 {
1828 	fmode_t mode = (fmode_t)(unsigned long)ptr;
1829 	struct proc_inode *ei;
1830 	struct inode *inode;
1831 
1832 	inode = proc_pid_make_inode(dir->i_sb, task);
1833 	if (!inode)
1834 		return -ENOENT;
1835 
1836 	ei = PROC_I(inode);
1837 	ei->op.proc_get_link = proc_map_files_get_link;
1838 
1839 	inode->i_op = &proc_pid_link_inode_operations;
1840 	inode->i_size = 64;
1841 	inode->i_mode = S_IFLNK;
1842 
1843 	if (mode & FMODE_READ)
1844 		inode->i_mode |= S_IRUSR;
1845 	if (mode & FMODE_WRITE)
1846 		inode->i_mode |= S_IWUSR;
1847 
1848 	d_set_d_op(dentry, &tid_map_files_dentry_operations);
1849 	d_add(dentry, inode);
1850 
1851 	return 0;
1852 }
1853 
1854 static struct dentry *proc_map_files_lookup(struct inode *dir,
1855 		struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int flags)
1856 {
1857 	unsigned long vm_start, vm_end;
1858 	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
1859 	struct task_struct *task;
1860 	int result;
1861 	struct mm_struct *mm;
1862 
1863 	result = -EPERM;
1864 	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
1865 		goto out;
1866 
1867 	result = -ENOENT;
1868 	task = get_proc_task(dir);
1869 	if (!task)
1870 		goto out;
1871 
1872 	result = -EACCES;
1873 	if (!ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ))
1874 		goto out_put_task;
1875 
1876 	result = -ENOENT;
1877 	if (dname_to_vma_addr(dentry, &vm_start, &vm_end))
1878 		goto out_put_task;
1879 
1880 	mm = get_task_mm(task);
1881 	if (!mm)
1882 		goto out_put_task;
1883 
1884 	down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
1885 	vma = find_exact_vma(mm, vm_start, vm_end);
1886 	if (!vma)
1887 		goto out_no_vma;
1888 
1889 	if (vma->vm_file)
1890 		result = proc_map_files_instantiate(dir, dentry, task,
1891 				(void *)(unsigned long)vma->vm_file->f_mode);
1892 
1893 out_no_vma:
1894 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
1895 	mmput(mm);
1896 out_put_task:
1897 	put_task_struct(task);
1898 out:
1899 	return ERR_PTR(result);
1900 }
1901 
1902 static const struct inode_operations proc_map_files_inode_operations = {
1903 	.lookup		= proc_map_files_lookup,
1904 	.permission	= proc_fd_permission,
1905 	.setattr	= proc_setattr,
1906 };
1907 
1908 static int
1909 proc_map_files_readdir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx)
1910 {
1911 	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
1912 	struct task_struct *task;
1913 	struct mm_struct *mm;
1914 	unsigned long nr_files, pos, i;
1915 	struct flex_array *fa = NULL;
1916 	struct map_files_info info;
1917 	struct map_files_info *p;
1918 	int ret;
1919 
1920 	ret = -EPERM;
1921 	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
1922 		goto out;
1923 
1924 	ret = -ENOENT;
1925 	task = get_proc_task(file_inode(file));
1926 	if (!task)
1927 		goto out;
1928 
1929 	ret = -EACCES;
1930 	if (!ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ))
1931 		goto out_put_task;
1932 
1933 	ret = 0;
1934 	if (!dir_emit_dots(file, ctx))
1935 		goto out_put_task;
1936 
1937 	mm = get_task_mm(task);
1938 	if (!mm)
1939 		goto out_put_task;
1940 	down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
1941 
1942 	nr_files = 0;
1943 
1944 	/*
1945 	 * We need two passes here:
1946 	 *
1947 	 *  1) Collect vmas of mapped files with mmap_sem taken
1948 	 *  2) Release mmap_sem and instantiate entries
1949 	 *
1950 	 * otherwise we get lockdep complained, since filldir()
1951 	 * routine might require mmap_sem taken in might_fault().
1952 	 */
1953 
1954 	for (vma = mm->mmap, pos = 2; vma; vma = vma->vm_next) {
1955 		if (vma->vm_file && ++pos > ctx->pos)
1956 			nr_files++;
1957 	}
1958 
1959 	if (nr_files) {
1960 		fa = flex_array_alloc(sizeof(info), nr_files,
1961 					GFP_KERNEL);
1962 		if (!fa || flex_array_prealloc(fa, 0, nr_files,
1963 						GFP_KERNEL)) {
1964 			ret = -ENOMEM;
1965 			if (fa)
1966 				flex_array_free(fa);
1967 			up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
1968 			mmput(mm);
1969 			goto out_put_task;
1970 		}
1971 		for (i = 0, vma = mm->mmap, pos = 2; vma;
1972 				vma = vma->vm_next) {
1973 			if (!vma->vm_file)
1974 				continue;
1975 			if (++pos <= ctx->pos)
1976 				continue;
1977 
1978 			info.mode = vma->vm_file->f_mode;
1979 			info.len = snprintf(info.name,
1980 					sizeof(info.name), "%lx-%lx",
1981 					vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end);
1982 			if (flex_array_put(fa, i++, &info, GFP_KERNEL))
1983 				BUG();
1984 		}
1985 	}
1986 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
1987 
1988 	for (i = 0; i < nr_files; i++) {
1989 		p = flex_array_get(fa, i);
1990 		if (!proc_fill_cache(file, ctx,
1991 				      p->name, p->len,
1992 				      proc_map_files_instantiate,
1993 				      task,
1994 				      (void *)(unsigned long)p->mode))
1995 			break;
1996 		ctx->pos++;
1997 	}
1998 	if (fa)
1999 		flex_array_free(fa);
2000 	mmput(mm);
2001 
2002 out_put_task:
2003 	put_task_struct(task);
2004 out:
2005 	return ret;
2006 }
2007 
2008 static const struct file_operations proc_map_files_operations = {
2009 	.read		= generic_read_dir,
2010 	.iterate	= proc_map_files_readdir,
2011 	.llseek		= default_llseek,
2012 };
2013 
2014 struct timers_private {
2015 	struct pid *pid;
2016 	struct task_struct *task;
2017 	struct sighand_struct *sighand;
2018 	struct pid_namespace *ns;
2019 	unsigned long flags;
2020 };
2021 
2022 static void *timers_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
2023 {
2024 	struct timers_private *tp = m->private;
2025 
2026 	tp->task = get_pid_task(tp->pid, PIDTYPE_PID);
2027 	if (!tp->task)
2028 		return ERR_PTR(-ESRCH);
2029 
2030 	tp->sighand = lock_task_sighand(tp->task, &tp->flags);
2031 	if (!tp->sighand)
2032 		return ERR_PTR(-ESRCH);
2033 
2034 	return seq_list_start(&tp->task->signal->posix_timers, *pos);
2035 }
2036 
2037 static void *timers_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos)
2038 {
2039 	struct timers_private *tp = m->private;
2040 	return seq_list_next(v, &tp->task->signal->posix_timers, pos);
2041 }
2042 
2043 static void timers_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
2044 {
2045 	struct timers_private *tp = m->private;
2046 
2047 	if (tp->sighand) {
2048 		unlock_task_sighand(tp->task, &tp->flags);
2049 		tp->sighand = NULL;
2050 	}
2051 
2052 	if (tp->task) {
2053 		put_task_struct(tp->task);
2054 		tp->task = NULL;
2055 	}
2056 }
2057 
2058 static int show_timer(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
2059 {
2060 	struct k_itimer *timer;
2061 	struct timers_private *tp = m->private;
2062 	int notify;
2063 	static const char * const nstr[] = {
2064 		[SIGEV_SIGNAL] = "signal",
2065 		[SIGEV_NONE] = "none",
2066 		[SIGEV_THREAD] = "thread",
2067 	};
2068 
2069 	timer = list_entry((struct list_head *)v, struct k_itimer, list);
2070 	notify = timer->it_sigev_notify;
2071 
2072 	seq_printf(m, "ID: %d\n", timer->it_id);
2073 	seq_printf(m, "signal: %d/%p\n", timer->sigq->info.si_signo,
2074 			timer->sigq->info.si_value.sival_ptr);
2075 	seq_printf(m, "notify: %s/%s.%d\n",
2076 		nstr[notify & ~SIGEV_THREAD_ID],
2077 		(notify & SIGEV_THREAD_ID) ? "tid" : "pid",
2078 		pid_nr_ns(timer->it_pid, tp->ns));
2079 	seq_printf(m, "ClockID: %d\n", timer->it_clock);
2080 
2081 	return 0;
2082 }
2083 
2084 static const struct seq_operations proc_timers_seq_ops = {
2085 	.start	= timers_start,
2086 	.next	= timers_next,
2087 	.stop	= timers_stop,
2088 	.show	= show_timer,
2089 };
2090 
2091 static int proc_timers_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
2092 {
2093 	struct timers_private *tp;
2094 
2095 	tp = __seq_open_private(file, &proc_timers_seq_ops,
2096 			sizeof(struct timers_private));
2097 	if (!tp)
2098 		return -ENOMEM;
2099 
2100 	tp->pid = proc_pid(inode);
2101 	tp->ns = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
2102 	return 0;
2103 }
2104 
2105 static const struct file_operations proc_timers_operations = {
2106 	.open		= proc_timers_open,
2107 	.read		= seq_read,
2108 	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
2109 	.release	= seq_release_private,
2110 };
2111 #endif /* CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE */
2112 
2113 static int proc_pident_instantiate(struct inode *dir,
2114 	struct dentry *dentry, struct task_struct *task, const void *ptr)
2115 {
2116 	const struct pid_entry *p = ptr;
2117 	struct inode *inode;
2118 	struct proc_inode *ei;
2119 
2120 	inode = proc_pid_make_inode(dir->i_sb, task);
2121 	if (!inode)
2122 		goto out;
2123 
2124 	ei = PROC_I(inode);
2125 	inode->i_mode = p->mode;
2126 	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
2127 		set_nlink(inode, 2);	/* Use getattr to fix if necessary */
2128 	if (p->iop)
2129 		inode->i_op = p->iop;
2130 	if (p->fop)
2131 		inode->i_fop = p->fop;
2132 	ei->op = p->op;
2133 	d_set_d_op(dentry, &pid_dentry_operations);
2134 	d_add(dentry, inode);
2135 	/* Close the race of the process dying before we return the dentry */
2136 	if (pid_revalidate(dentry, 0))
2137 		return 0;
2138 out:
2139 	return -ENOENT;
2140 }
2141 
2142 static struct dentry *proc_pident_lookup(struct inode *dir,
2143 					 struct dentry *dentry,
2144 					 const struct pid_entry *ents,
2145 					 unsigned int nents)
2146 {
2147 	int error;
2148 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(dir);
2149 	const struct pid_entry *p, *last;
2150 
2151 	error = -ENOENT;
2152 
2153 	if (!task)
2154 		goto out_no_task;
2155 
2156 	/*
2157 	 * Yes, it does not scale. And it should not. Don't add
2158 	 * new entries into /proc/<tgid>/ without very good reasons.
2159 	 */
2160 	last = &ents[nents - 1];
2161 	for (p = ents; p <= last; p++) {
2162 		if (p->len != dentry->d_name.len)
2163 			continue;
2164 		if (!memcmp(dentry->d_name.name, p->name, p->len))
2165 			break;
2166 	}
2167 	if (p > last)
2168 		goto out;
2169 
2170 	error = proc_pident_instantiate(dir, dentry, task, p);
2171 out:
2172 	put_task_struct(task);
2173 out_no_task:
2174 	return ERR_PTR(error);
2175 }
2176 
2177 static int proc_pident_readdir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx,
2178 		const struct pid_entry *ents, unsigned int nents)
2179 {
2180 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(file_inode(file));
2181 	const struct pid_entry *p;
2182 
2183 	if (!task)
2184 		return -ENOENT;
2185 
2186 	if (!dir_emit_dots(file, ctx))
2187 		goto out;
2188 
2189 	if (ctx->pos >= nents + 2)
2190 		goto out;
2191 
2192 	for (p = ents + (ctx->pos - 2); p <= ents + nents - 1; p++) {
2193 		if (!proc_fill_cache(file, ctx, p->name, p->len,
2194 				proc_pident_instantiate, task, p))
2195 			break;
2196 		ctx->pos++;
2197 	}
2198 out:
2199 	put_task_struct(task);
2200 	return 0;
2201 }
2202 
2203 #ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
2204 static ssize_t proc_pid_attr_read(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
2205 				  size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
2206 {
2207 	struct inode * inode = file_inode(file);
2208 	char *p = NULL;
2209 	ssize_t length;
2210 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(inode);
2211 
2212 	if (!task)
2213 		return -ESRCH;
2214 
2215 	length = security_getprocattr(task,
2216 				      (char*)file->f_path.dentry->d_name.name,
2217 				      &p);
2218 	put_task_struct(task);
2219 	if (length > 0)
2220 		length = simple_read_from_buffer(buf, count, ppos, p, length);
2221 	kfree(p);
2222 	return length;
2223 }
2224 
2225 static ssize_t proc_pid_attr_write(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
2226 				   size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
2227 {
2228 	struct inode * inode = file_inode(file);
2229 	char *page;
2230 	ssize_t length;
2231 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(inode);
2232 
2233 	length = -ESRCH;
2234 	if (!task)
2235 		goto out_no_task;
2236 	if (count > PAGE_SIZE)
2237 		count = PAGE_SIZE;
2238 
2239 	/* No partial writes. */
2240 	length = -EINVAL;
2241 	if (*ppos != 0)
2242 		goto out;
2243 
2244 	length = -ENOMEM;
2245 	page = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY);
2246 	if (!page)
2247 		goto out;
2248 
2249 	length = -EFAULT;
2250 	if (copy_from_user(page, buf, count))
2251 		goto out_free;
2252 
2253 	/* Guard against adverse ptrace interaction */
2254 	length = mutex_lock_interruptible(&task->signal->cred_guard_mutex);
2255 	if (length < 0)
2256 		goto out_free;
2257 
2258 	length = security_setprocattr(task,
2259 				      (char*)file->f_path.dentry->d_name.name,
2260 				      (void*)page, count);
2261 	mutex_unlock(&task->signal->cred_guard_mutex);
2262 out_free:
2263 	free_page((unsigned long) page);
2264 out:
2265 	put_task_struct(task);
2266 out_no_task:
2267 	return length;
2268 }
2269 
2270 static const struct file_operations proc_pid_attr_operations = {
2271 	.read		= proc_pid_attr_read,
2272 	.write		= proc_pid_attr_write,
2273 	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,
2274 };
2275 
2276 static const struct pid_entry attr_dir_stuff[] = {
2277 	REG("current",    S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO, proc_pid_attr_operations),
2278 	REG("prev",       S_IRUGO,	   proc_pid_attr_operations),
2279 	REG("exec",       S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO, proc_pid_attr_operations),
2280 	REG("fscreate",   S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO, proc_pid_attr_operations),
2281 	REG("keycreate",  S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO, proc_pid_attr_operations),
2282 	REG("sockcreate", S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO, proc_pid_attr_operations),
2283 };
2284 
2285 static int proc_attr_dir_readdir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx)
2286 {
2287 	return proc_pident_readdir(file, ctx,
2288 				   attr_dir_stuff, ARRAY_SIZE(attr_dir_stuff));
2289 }
2290 
2291 static const struct file_operations proc_attr_dir_operations = {
2292 	.read		= generic_read_dir,
2293 	.iterate	= proc_attr_dir_readdir,
2294 	.llseek		= default_llseek,
2295 };
2296 
2297 static struct dentry *proc_attr_dir_lookup(struct inode *dir,
2298 				struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int flags)
2299 {
2300 	return proc_pident_lookup(dir, dentry,
2301 				  attr_dir_stuff, ARRAY_SIZE(attr_dir_stuff));
2302 }
2303 
2304 static const struct inode_operations proc_attr_dir_inode_operations = {
2305 	.lookup		= proc_attr_dir_lookup,
2306 	.getattr	= pid_getattr,
2307 	.setattr	= proc_setattr,
2308 };
2309 
2310 #endif
2311 
2312 #ifdef CONFIG_ELF_CORE
2313 static ssize_t proc_coredump_filter_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
2314 					 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
2315 {
2316 	struct task_struct *task = get_proc_task(file_inode(file));
2317 	struct mm_struct *mm;
2318 	char buffer[PROC_NUMBUF];
2319 	size_t len;
2320 	int ret;
2321 
2322 	if (!task)
2323 		return -ESRCH;
2324 
2325 	ret = 0;
2326 	mm = get_task_mm(task);
2327 	if (mm) {
2328 		len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%08lx\n",
2329 			       ((mm->flags & MMF_DUMP_FILTER_MASK) >>
2330 				MMF_DUMP_FILTER_SHIFT));
2331 		mmput(mm);
2332 		ret = simple_read_from_buffer(buf, count, ppos, buffer, len);
2333 	}
2334 
2335 	put_task_struct(task);
2336 
2337 	return ret;
2338 }
2339 
2340 static ssize_t proc_coredump_filter_write(struct file *file,
2341 					  const char __user *buf,
2342 					  size_t count,
2343 					  loff_t *ppos)
2344 {
2345 	struct task_struct *task;
2346 	struct mm_struct *mm;
2347 	char buffer[PROC_NUMBUF], *end;
2348 	unsigned int val;
2349 	int ret;
2350 	int i;
2351 	unsigned long mask;
2352 
2353 	ret = -EFAULT;
2354 	memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
2355 	if (count > sizeof(buffer) - 1)
2356 		count = sizeof(buffer) - 1;
2357 	if (copy_from_user(buffer, buf, count))
2358 		goto out_no_task;
2359 
2360 	ret = -EINVAL;
2361 	val = (unsigned int)simple_strtoul(buffer, &end, 0);
2362 	if (*end == '\n')
2363 		end++;
2364 	if (end - buffer == 0)
2365 		goto out_no_task;
2366 
2367 	ret = -ESRCH;
2368 	task = get_proc_task(file_inode(file));
2369 	if (!task)
2370 		goto out_no_task;
2371 
2372 	ret = end - buffer;
2373 	mm = get_task_mm(task);
2374 	if (!mm)
2375 		goto out_no_mm;
2376 
2377 	for (i = 0, mask = 1; i < MMF_DUMP_FILTER_BITS; i++, mask <<= 1) {
2378 		if (val & mask)
2379 			set_bit(i + MMF_DUMP_FILTER_SHIFT, &mm->flags);
2380 		else
2381 			clear_bit(i + MMF_DUMP_FILTER_SHIFT, &mm->flags);
2382 	}
2383 
2384 	mmput(mm);
2385  out_no_mm:
2386 	put_task_struct(task);
2387  out_no_task:
2388 	return ret;
2389 }
2390 
2391 static const struct file_operations proc_coredump_filter_operations = {
2392 	.read		= proc_coredump_filter_read,
2393 	.write		= proc_coredump_filter_write,
2394 	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,
2395 };
2396 #endif
2397 
2398 #ifdef CONFIG_TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING
2399 static int do_io_accounting(struct task_struct *task, char *buffer, int whole)
2400 {
2401 	struct task_io_accounting acct = task->ioac;
2402 	unsigned long flags;
2403 	int result;
2404 
2405 	result = mutex_lock_killable(&task->signal->cred_guard_mutex);
2406 	if (result)
2407 		return result;
2408 
2409 	if (!ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ)) {
2410 		result = -EACCES;
2411 		goto out_unlock;
2412 	}
2413 
2414 	if (whole && lock_task_sighand(task, &flags)) {
2415 		struct task_struct *t = task;
2416 
2417 		task_io_accounting_add(&acct, &task->signal->ioac);
2418 		while_each_thread(task, t)
2419 			task_io_accounting_add(&acct, &t->ioac);
2420 
2421 		unlock_task_sighand(task, &flags);
2422 	}
2423 	result = sprintf(buffer,
2424 			"rchar: %llu\n"
2425 			"wchar: %llu\n"
2426 			"syscr: %llu\n"
2427 			"syscw: %llu\n"
2428 			"read_bytes: %llu\n"
2429 			"write_bytes: %llu\n"
2430 			"cancelled_write_bytes: %llu\n",
2431 			(unsigned long long)acct.rchar,
2432 			(unsigned long long)acct.wchar,
2433 			(unsigned long long)acct.syscr,
2434 			(unsigned long long)acct.syscw,
2435 			(unsigned long long)acct.read_bytes,
2436 			(unsigned long long)acct.write_bytes,
2437 			(unsigned long long)acct.cancelled_write_bytes);
2438 out_unlock:
2439 	mutex_unlock(&task->signal->cred_guard_mutex);
2440 	return result;
2441 }
2442 
2443 static int proc_tid_io_accounting(struct task_struct *task, char *buffer)
2444 {
2445 	return do_io_accounting(task, buffer, 0);
2446 }
2447 
2448 static int proc_tgid_io_accounting(struct task_struct *task, char *buffer)
2449 {
2450 	return do_io_accounting(task, buffer, 1);
2451 }
2452 #endif /* CONFIG_TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING */
2453 
2454 #ifdef CONFIG_USER_NS
2455 static int proc_id_map_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file,
2456 	const struct seq_operations *seq_ops)
2457 {
2458 	struct user_namespace *ns = NULL;
2459 	struct task_struct *task;
2460 	struct seq_file *seq;
2461 	int ret = -EINVAL;
2462 
2463 	task = get_proc_task(inode);
2464 	if (task) {
2465 		rcu_read_lock();
2466 		ns = get_user_ns(task_cred_xxx(task, user_ns));
2467 		rcu_read_unlock();
2468 		put_task_struct(task);
2469 	}
2470 	if (!ns)
2471 		goto err;
2472 
2473 	ret = seq_open(file, seq_ops);
2474 	if (ret)
2475 		goto err_put_ns;
2476 
2477 	seq = file->private_data;
2478 	seq->private = ns;
2479 
2480 	return 0;
2481 err_put_ns:
2482 	put_user_ns(ns);
2483 err:
2484 	return ret;
2485 }
2486 
2487 static int proc_id_map_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
2488 {
2489 	struct seq_file *seq = file->private_data;
2490 	struct user_namespace *ns = seq->private;
2491 	put_user_ns(ns);
2492 	return seq_release(inode, file);
2493 }
2494 
2495 static int proc_uid_map_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
2496 {
2497 	return proc_id_map_open(inode, file, &proc_uid_seq_operations);
2498 }
2499 
2500 static int proc_gid_map_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
2501 {
2502 	return proc_id_map_open(inode, file, &proc_gid_seq_operations);
2503 }
2504 
2505 static int proc_projid_map_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
2506 {
2507 	return proc_id_map_open(inode, file, &proc_projid_seq_operations);
2508 }
2509 
2510 static const struct file_operations proc_uid_map_operations = {
2511 	.open		= proc_uid_map_open,
2512 	.write		= proc_uid_map_write,
2513 	.read		= seq_read,
2514 	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
2515 	.release	= proc_id_map_release,
2516 };
2517 
2518 static const struct file_operations proc_gid_map_operations = {
2519 	.open		= proc_gid_map_open,
2520 	.write		= proc_gid_map_write,
2521 	.read		= seq_read,
2522 	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
2523 	.release	= proc_id_map_release,
2524 };
2525 
2526 static const struct file_operations proc_projid_map_operations = {
2527 	.open		= proc_projid_map_open,
2528 	.write		= proc_projid_map_write,
2529 	.read		= seq_read,
2530 	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
2531 	.release	= proc_id_map_release,
2532 };
2533 #endif /* CONFIG_USER_NS */
2534 
2535 static int proc_pid_personality(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns,
2536 				struct pid *pid, struct task_struct *task)
2537 {
2538 	int err = lock_trace(task);
2539 	if (!err) {
2540 		seq_printf(m, "%08x\n", task->personality);
2541 		unlock_trace(task);
2542 	}
2543 	return err;
2544 }
2545 
2546 /*
2547  * Thread groups
2548  */
2549 static const struct file_operations proc_task_operations;
2550 static const struct inode_operations proc_task_inode_operations;
2551 
2552 static const struct pid_entry tgid_base_stuff[] = {
2553 	DIR("task",       S_IRUGO|S_IXUGO, proc_task_inode_operations, proc_task_operations),
2554 	DIR("fd",         S_IRUSR|S_IXUSR, proc_fd_inode_operations, proc_fd_operations),
2555 #ifdef CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
2556 	DIR("map_files",  S_IRUSR|S_IXUSR, proc_map_files_inode_operations, proc_map_files_operations),
2557 #endif
2558 	DIR("fdinfo",     S_IRUSR|S_IXUSR, proc_fdinfo_inode_operations, proc_fdinfo_operations),
2559 	DIR("ns",	  S_IRUSR|S_IXUGO, proc_ns_dir_inode_operations, proc_ns_dir_operations),
2560 #ifdef CONFIG_NET
2561 	DIR("net",        S_IRUGO|S_IXUGO, proc_net_inode_operations, proc_net_operations),
2562 #endif
2563 	REG("environ",    S_IRUSR, proc_environ_operations),
2564 	ONE("auxv",       S_IRUSR, proc_pid_auxv),
2565 	ONE("status",     S_IRUGO, proc_pid_status),
2566 	ONE("personality", S_IRUSR, proc_pid_personality),
2567 	ONE("limits",	  S_IRUGO, proc_pid_limits),
2568 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG
2569 	REG("sched",      S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_pid_sched_operations),
2570 #endif
2571 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_AUTOGROUP
2572 	REG("autogroup",  S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_pid_sched_autogroup_operations),
2573 #endif
2574 	REG("comm",      S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_pid_set_comm_operations),
2575 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRACEHOOK
2576 	ONE("syscall",    S_IRUSR, proc_pid_syscall),
2577 #endif
2578 	ONE("cmdline",    S_IRUGO, proc_pid_cmdline),
2579 	ONE("stat",       S_IRUGO, proc_tgid_stat),
2580 	ONE("statm",      S_IRUGO, proc_pid_statm),
2581 	REG("maps",       S_IRUGO, proc_pid_maps_operations),
2582 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
2583 	REG("numa_maps",  S_IRUGO, proc_pid_numa_maps_operations),
2584 #endif
2585 	REG("mem",        S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR, proc_mem_operations),
2586 	LNK("cwd",        proc_cwd_link),
2587 	LNK("root",       proc_root_link),
2588 	LNK("exe",        proc_exe_link),
2589 	REG("mounts",     S_IRUGO, proc_mounts_operations),
2590 	REG("mountinfo",  S_IRUGO, proc_mountinfo_operations),
2591 	REG("mountstats", S_IRUSR, proc_mountstats_operations),
2592 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
2593 	REG("clear_refs", S_IWUSR, proc_clear_refs_operations),
2594 	REG("smaps",      S_IRUGO, proc_pid_smaps_operations),
2595 	REG("pagemap",    S_IRUSR, proc_pagemap_operations),
2596 #endif
2597 #ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
2598 	DIR("attr",       S_IRUGO|S_IXUGO, proc_attr_dir_inode_operations, proc_attr_dir_operations),
2599 #endif
2600 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
2601 	ONE("wchan",      S_IRUGO, proc_pid_wchan),
2602 #endif
2603 #ifdef CONFIG_STACKTRACE
2604 	ONE("stack",      S_IRUSR, proc_pid_stack),
2605 #endif
2606 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
2607 	INF("schedstat",  S_IRUGO, proc_pid_schedstat),
2608 #endif
2609 #ifdef CONFIG_LATENCYTOP
2610 	REG("latency",  S_IRUGO, proc_lstats_operations),
2611 #endif
2612 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_PID_CPUSET
2613 	REG("cpuset",     S_IRUGO, proc_cpuset_operations),
2614 #endif
2615 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS
2616 	REG("cgroup",  S_IRUGO, proc_cgroup_operations),
2617 #endif
2618 	INF("oom_score",  S_IRUGO, proc_oom_score),
2619 	REG("oom_adj",    S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_oom_adj_operations),
2620 	REG("oom_score_adj", S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_oom_score_adj_operations),
2621 #ifdef CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL
2622 	REG("loginuid",   S_IWUSR|S_IRUGO, proc_loginuid_operations),
2623 	REG("sessionid",  S_IRUGO, proc_sessionid_operations),
2624 #endif
2625 #ifdef CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION
2626 	REG("make-it-fail", S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_fault_inject_operations),
2627 #endif
2628 #ifdef CONFIG_ELF_CORE
2629 	REG("coredump_filter", S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_coredump_filter_operations),
2630 #endif
2631 #ifdef CONFIG_TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING
2632 	INF("io",	S_IRUSR, proc_tgid_io_accounting),
2633 #endif
2634 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDWALL
2635 	INF("hardwall",   S_IRUGO, proc_pid_hardwall),
2636 #endif
2637 #ifdef CONFIG_USER_NS
2638 	REG("uid_map",    S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_uid_map_operations),
2639 	REG("gid_map",    S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_gid_map_operations),
2640 	REG("projid_map", S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_projid_map_operations),
2641 #endif
2642 #ifdef CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
2643 	REG("timers",	  S_IRUGO, proc_timers_operations),
2644 #endif
2645 };
2646 
2647 static int proc_tgid_base_readdir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx)
2648 {
2649 	return proc_pident_readdir(file, ctx,
2650 				   tgid_base_stuff, ARRAY_SIZE(tgid_base_stuff));
2651 }
2652 
2653 static const struct file_operations proc_tgid_base_operations = {
2654 	.read		= generic_read_dir,
2655 	.iterate	= proc_tgid_base_readdir,
2656 	.llseek		= default_llseek,
2657 };
2658 
2659 static struct dentry *proc_tgid_base_lookup(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int flags)
2660 {
2661 	return proc_pident_lookup(dir, dentry,
2662 				  tgid_base_stuff, ARRAY_SIZE(tgid_base_stuff));
2663 }
2664 
2665 static const struct inode_operations proc_tgid_base_inode_operations = {
2666 	.lookup		= proc_tgid_base_lookup,
2667 	.getattr	= pid_getattr,
2668 	.setattr	= proc_setattr,
2669 	.permission	= proc_pid_permission,
2670 };
2671 
2672 static void proc_flush_task_mnt(struct vfsmount *mnt, pid_t pid, pid_t tgid)
2673 {
2674 	struct dentry *dentry, *leader, *dir;
2675 	char buf[PROC_NUMBUF];
2676 	struct qstr name;
2677 
2678 	name.name = buf;
2679 	name.len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", pid);
2680 	/* no ->d_hash() rejects on procfs */
2681 	dentry = d_hash_and_lookup(mnt->mnt_root, &name);
2682 	if (dentry) {
2683 		shrink_dcache_parent(dentry);
2684 		d_drop(dentry);
2685 		dput(dentry);
2686 	}
2687 
2688 	name.name = buf;
2689 	name.len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", tgid);
2690 	leader = d_hash_and_lookup(mnt->mnt_root, &name);
2691 	if (!leader)
2692 		goto out;
2693 
2694 	name.name = "task";
2695 	name.len = strlen(name.name);
2696 	dir = d_hash_and_lookup(leader, &name);
2697 	if (!dir)
2698 		goto out_put_leader;
2699 
2700 	name.name = buf;
2701 	name.len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", pid);
2702 	dentry = d_hash_and_lookup(dir, &name);
2703 	if (dentry) {
2704 		shrink_dcache_parent(dentry);
2705 		d_drop(dentry);
2706 		dput(dentry);
2707 	}
2708 
2709 	dput(dir);
2710 out_put_leader:
2711 	dput(leader);
2712 out:
2713 	return;
2714 }
2715 
2716 /**
2717  * proc_flush_task -  Remove dcache entries for @task from the /proc dcache.
2718  * @task: task that should be flushed.
2719  *
2720  * When flushing dentries from proc, one needs to flush them from global
2721  * proc (proc_mnt) and from all the namespaces' procs this task was seen
2722  * in. This call is supposed to do all of this job.
2723  *
2724  * Looks in the dcache for
2725  * /proc/@pid
2726  * /proc/@tgid/task/@pid
2727  * if either directory is present flushes it and all of it'ts children
2728  * from the dcache.
2729  *
2730  * It is safe and reasonable to cache /proc entries for a task until
2731  * that task exits.  After that they just clog up the dcache with
2732  * useless entries, possibly causing useful dcache entries to be
2733  * flushed instead.  This routine is proved to flush those useless
2734  * dcache entries at process exit time.
2735  *
2736  * NOTE: This routine is just an optimization so it does not guarantee
2737  *       that no dcache entries will exist at process exit time it
2738  *       just makes it very unlikely that any will persist.
2739  */
2740 
2741 void proc_flush_task(struct task_struct *task)
2742 {
2743 	int i;
2744 	struct pid *pid, *tgid;
2745 	struct upid *upid;
2746 
2747 	pid = task_pid(task);
2748 	tgid = task_tgid(task);
2749 
2750 	for (i = 0; i <= pid->level; i++) {
2751 		upid = &pid->numbers[i];
2752 		proc_flush_task_mnt(upid->ns->proc_mnt, upid->nr,
2753 					tgid->numbers[i].nr);
2754 	}
2755 }
2756 
2757 static int proc_pid_instantiate(struct inode *dir,
2758 				   struct dentry * dentry,
2759 				   struct task_struct *task, const void *ptr)
2760 {
2761 	struct inode *inode;
2762 
2763 	inode = proc_pid_make_inode(dir->i_sb, task);
2764 	if (!inode)
2765 		goto out;
2766 
2767 	inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR|S_IRUGO|S_IXUGO;
2768 	inode->i_op = &proc_tgid_base_inode_operations;
2769 	inode->i_fop = &proc_tgid_base_operations;
2770 	inode->i_flags|=S_IMMUTABLE;
2771 
2772 	set_nlink(inode, 2 + pid_entry_count_dirs(tgid_base_stuff,
2773 						  ARRAY_SIZE(tgid_base_stuff)));
2774 
2775 	d_set_d_op(dentry, &pid_dentry_operations);
2776 
2777 	d_add(dentry, inode);
2778 	/* Close the race of the process dying before we return the dentry */
2779 	if (pid_revalidate(dentry, 0))
2780 		return 0;
2781 out:
2782 	return -ENOENT;
2783 }
2784 
2785 struct dentry *proc_pid_lookup(struct inode *dir, struct dentry * dentry, unsigned int flags)
2786 {
2787 	int result = -ENOENT;
2788 	struct task_struct *task;
2789 	unsigned tgid;
2790 	struct pid_namespace *ns;
2791 
2792 	tgid = name_to_int(&dentry->d_name);
2793 	if (tgid == ~0U)
2794 		goto out;
2795 
2796 	ns = dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
2797 	rcu_read_lock();
2798 	task = find_task_by_pid_ns(tgid, ns);
2799 	if (task)
2800 		get_task_struct(task);
2801 	rcu_read_unlock();
2802 	if (!task)
2803 		goto out;
2804 
2805 	result = proc_pid_instantiate(dir, dentry, task, NULL);
2806 	put_task_struct(task);
2807 out:
2808 	return ERR_PTR(result);
2809 }
2810 
2811 /*
2812  * Find the first task with tgid >= tgid
2813  *
2814  */
2815 struct tgid_iter {
2816 	unsigned int tgid;
2817 	struct task_struct *task;
2818 };
2819 static struct tgid_iter next_tgid(struct pid_namespace *ns, struct tgid_iter iter)
2820 {
2821 	struct pid *pid;
2822 
2823 	if (iter.task)
2824 		put_task_struct(iter.task);
2825 	rcu_read_lock();
2826 retry:
2827 	iter.task = NULL;
2828 	pid = find_ge_pid(iter.tgid, ns);
2829 	if (pid) {
2830 		iter.tgid = pid_nr_ns(pid, ns);
2831 		iter.task = pid_task(pid, PIDTYPE_PID);
2832 		/* What we to know is if the pid we have find is the
2833 		 * pid of a thread_group_leader.  Testing for task
2834 		 * being a thread_group_leader is the obvious thing
2835 		 * todo but there is a window when it fails, due to
2836 		 * the pid transfer logic in de_thread.
2837 		 *
2838 		 * So we perform the straight forward test of seeing
2839 		 * if the pid we have found is the pid of a thread
2840 		 * group leader, and don't worry if the task we have
2841 		 * found doesn't happen to be a thread group leader.
2842 		 * As we don't care in the case of readdir.
2843 		 */
2844 		if (!iter.task || !has_group_leader_pid(iter.task)) {
2845 			iter.tgid += 1;
2846 			goto retry;
2847 		}
2848 		get_task_struct(iter.task);
2849 	}
2850 	rcu_read_unlock();
2851 	return iter;
2852 }
2853 
2854 #define TGID_OFFSET (FIRST_PROCESS_ENTRY + 1)
2855 
2856 /* for the /proc/ directory itself, after non-process stuff has been done */
2857 int proc_pid_readdir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx)
2858 {
2859 	struct tgid_iter iter;
2860 	struct pid_namespace *ns = file->f_dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
2861 	loff_t pos = ctx->pos;
2862 
2863 	if (pos >= PID_MAX_LIMIT + TGID_OFFSET)
2864 		return 0;
2865 
2866 	if (pos == TGID_OFFSET - 1) {
2867 		struct inode *inode = ns->proc_self->d_inode;
2868 		if (!dir_emit(ctx, "self", 4, inode->i_ino, DT_LNK))
2869 			return 0;
2870 		iter.tgid = 0;
2871 	} else {
2872 		iter.tgid = pos - TGID_OFFSET;
2873 	}
2874 	iter.task = NULL;
2875 	for (iter = next_tgid(ns, iter);
2876 	     iter.task;
2877 	     iter.tgid += 1, iter = next_tgid(ns, iter)) {
2878 		char name[PROC_NUMBUF];
2879 		int len;
2880 		if (!has_pid_permissions(ns, iter.task, 2))
2881 			continue;
2882 
2883 		len = snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%d", iter.tgid);
2884 		ctx->pos = iter.tgid + TGID_OFFSET;
2885 		if (!proc_fill_cache(file, ctx, name, len,
2886 				     proc_pid_instantiate, iter.task, NULL)) {
2887 			put_task_struct(iter.task);
2888 			return 0;
2889 		}
2890 	}
2891 	ctx->pos = PID_MAX_LIMIT + TGID_OFFSET;
2892 	return 0;
2893 }
2894 
2895 /*
2896  * Tasks
2897  */
2898 static const struct pid_entry tid_base_stuff[] = {
2899 	DIR("fd",        S_IRUSR|S_IXUSR, proc_fd_inode_operations, proc_fd_operations),
2900 	DIR("fdinfo",    S_IRUSR|S_IXUSR, proc_fdinfo_inode_operations, proc_fdinfo_operations),
2901 	DIR("ns",	 S_IRUSR|S_IXUGO, proc_ns_dir_inode_operations, proc_ns_dir_operations),
2902 	REG("environ",   S_IRUSR, proc_environ_operations),
2903 	ONE("auxv",      S_IRUSR, proc_pid_auxv),
2904 	ONE("status",    S_IRUGO, proc_pid_status),
2905 	ONE("personality", S_IRUSR, proc_pid_personality),
2906 	ONE("limits",	 S_IRUGO, proc_pid_limits),
2907 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG
2908 	REG("sched",     S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_pid_sched_operations),
2909 #endif
2910 	REG("comm",      S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_pid_set_comm_operations),
2911 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRACEHOOK
2912 	ONE("syscall",   S_IRUSR, proc_pid_syscall),
2913 #endif
2914 	ONE("cmdline",   S_IRUGO, proc_pid_cmdline),
2915 	ONE("stat",      S_IRUGO, proc_tid_stat),
2916 	ONE("statm",     S_IRUGO, proc_pid_statm),
2917 	REG("maps",      S_IRUGO, proc_tid_maps_operations),
2918 #ifdef CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
2919 	REG("children",  S_IRUGO, proc_tid_children_operations),
2920 #endif
2921 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
2922 	REG("numa_maps", S_IRUGO, proc_tid_numa_maps_operations),
2923 #endif
2924 	REG("mem",       S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR, proc_mem_operations),
2925 	LNK("cwd",       proc_cwd_link),
2926 	LNK("root",      proc_root_link),
2927 	LNK("exe",       proc_exe_link),
2928 	REG("mounts",    S_IRUGO, proc_mounts_operations),
2929 	REG("mountinfo",  S_IRUGO, proc_mountinfo_operations),
2930 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
2931 	REG("clear_refs", S_IWUSR, proc_clear_refs_operations),
2932 	REG("smaps",     S_IRUGO, proc_tid_smaps_operations),
2933 	REG("pagemap",    S_IRUSR, proc_pagemap_operations),
2934 #endif
2935 #ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
2936 	DIR("attr",      S_IRUGO|S_IXUGO, proc_attr_dir_inode_operations, proc_attr_dir_operations),
2937 #endif
2938 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
2939 	ONE("wchan",     S_IRUGO, proc_pid_wchan),
2940 #endif
2941 #ifdef CONFIG_STACKTRACE
2942 	ONE("stack",      S_IRUSR, proc_pid_stack),
2943 #endif
2944 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
2945 	INF("schedstat", S_IRUGO, proc_pid_schedstat),
2946 #endif
2947 #ifdef CONFIG_LATENCYTOP
2948 	REG("latency",  S_IRUGO, proc_lstats_operations),
2949 #endif
2950 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_PID_CPUSET
2951 	REG("cpuset",    S_IRUGO, proc_cpuset_operations),
2952 #endif
2953 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS
2954 	REG("cgroup",  S_IRUGO, proc_cgroup_operations),
2955 #endif
2956 	INF("oom_score", S_IRUGO, proc_oom_score),
2957 	REG("oom_adj",   S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_oom_adj_operations),
2958 	REG("oom_score_adj", S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_oom_score_adj_operations),
2959 #ifdef CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL
2960 	REG("loginuid",  S_IWUSR|S_IRUGO, proc_loginuid_operations),
2961 	REG("sessionid",  S_IRUGO, proc_sessionid_operations),
2962 #endif
2963 #ifdef CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION
2964 	REG("make-it-fail", S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_fault_inject_operations),
2965 #endif
2966 #ifdef CONFIG_TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING
2967 	INF("io",	S_IRUSR, proc_tid_io_accounting),
2968 #endif
2969 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDWALL
2970 	INF("hardwall",   S_IRUGO, proc_pid_hardwall),
2971 #endif
2972 #ifdef CONFIG_USER_NS
2973 	REG("uid_map",    S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_uid_map_operations),
2974 	REG("gid_map",    S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_gid_map_operations),
2975 	REG("projid_map", S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, proc_projid_map_operations),
2976 #endif
2977 };
2978 
2979 static int proc_tid_base_readdir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx)
2980 {
2981 	return proc_pident_readdir(file, ctx,
2982 				   tid_base_stuff, ARRAY_SIZE(tid_base_stuff));
2983 }
2984 
2985 static struct dentry *proc_tid_base_lookup(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int flags)
2986 {
2987 	return proc_pident_lookup(dir, dentry,
2988 				  tid_base_stuff, ARRAY_SIZE(tid_base_stuff));
2989 }
2990 
2991 static const struct file_operations proc_tid_base_operations = {
2992 	.read		= generic_read_dir,
2993 	.iterate	= proc_tid_base_readdir,
2994 	.llseek		= default_llseek,
2995 };
2996 
2997 static const struct inode_operations proc_tid_base_inode_operations = {
2998 	.lookup		= proc_tid_base_lookup,
2999 	.getattr	= pid_getattr,
3000 	.setattr	= proc_setattr,
3001 };
3002 
3003 static int proc_task_instantiate(struct inode *dir,
3004 	struct dentry *dentry, struct task_struct *task, const void *ptr)
3005 {
3006 	struct inode *inode;
3007 	inode = proc_pid_make_inode(dir->i_sb, task);
3008 
3009 	if (!inode)
3010 		goto out;
3011 	inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR|S_IRUGO|S_IXUGO;
3012 	inode->i_op = &proc_tid_base_inode_operations;
3013 	inode->i_fop = &proc_tid_base_operations;
3014 	inode->i_flags|=S_IMMUTABLE;
3015 
3016 	set_nlink(inode, 2 + pid_entry_count_dirs(tid_base_stuff,
3017 						  ARRAY_SIZE(tid_base_stuff)));
3018 
3019 	d_set_d_op(dentry, &pid_dentry_operations);
3020 
3021 	d_add(dentry, inode);
3022 	/* Close the race of the process dying before we return the dentry */
3023 	if (pid_revalidate(dentry, 0))
3024 		return 0;
3025 out:
3026 	return -ENOENT;
3027 }
3028 
3029 static struct dentry *proc_task_lookup(struct inode *dir, struct dentry * dentry, unsigned int flags)
3030 {
3031 	int result = -ENOENT;
3032 	struct task_struct *task;
3033 	struct task_struct *leader = get_proc_task(dir);
3034 	unsigned tid;
3035 	struct pid_namespace *ns;
3036 
3037 	if (!leader)
3038 		goto out_no_task;
3039 
3040 	tid = name_to_int(&dentry->d_name);
3041 	if (tid == ~0U)
3042 		goto out;
3043 
3044 	ns = dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
3045 	rcu_read_lock();
3046 	task = find_task_by_pid_ns(tid, ns);
3047 	if (task)
3048 		get_task_struct(task);
3049 	rcu_read_unlock();
3050 	if (!task)
3051 		goto out;
3052 	if (!same_thread_group(leader, task))
3053 		goto out_drop_task;
3054 
3055 	result = proc_task_instantiate(dir, dentry, task, NULL);
3056 out_drop_task:
3057 	put_task_struct(task);
3058 out:
3059 	put_task_struct(leader);
3060 out_no_task:
3061 	return ERR_PTR(result);
3062 }
3063 
3064 /*
3065  * Find the first tid of a thread group to return to user space.
3066  *
3067  * Usually this is just the thread group leader, but if the users
3068  * buffer was too small or there was a seek into the middle of the
3069  * directory we have more work todo.
3070  *
3071  * In the case of a short read we start with find_task_by_pid.
3072  *
3073  * In the case of a seek we start with the leader and walk nr
3074  * threads past it.
3075  */
3076 static struct task_struct *first_tid(struct pid *pid, int tid, loff_t f_pos,
3077 					struct pid_namespace *ns)
3078 {
3079 	struct task_struct *pos, *task;
3080 	unsigned long nr = f_pos;
3081 
3082 	if (nr != f_pos)	/* 32bit overflow? */
3083 		return NULL;
3084 
3085 	rcu_read_lock();
3086 	task = pid_task(pid, PIDTYPE_PID);
3087 	if (!task)
3088 		goto fail;
3089 
3090 	/* Attempt to start with the tid of a thread */
3091 	if (tid && nr) {
3092 		pos = find_task_by_pid_ns(tid, ns);
3093 		if (pos && same_thread_group(pos, task))
3094 			goto found;
3095 	}
3096 
3097 	/* If nr exceeds the number of threads there is nothing todo */
3098 	if (nr >= get_nr_threads(task))
3099 		goto fail;
3100 
3101 	/* If we haven't found our starting place yet start
3102 	 * with the leader and walk nr threads forward.
3103 	 */
3104 	pos = task = task->group_leader;
3105 	do {
3106 		if (!nr--)
3107 			goto found;
3108 	} while_each_thread(task, pos);
3109 fail:
3110 	pos = NULL;
3111 	goto out;
3112 found:
3113 	get_task_struct(pos);
3114 out:
3115 	rcu_read_unlock();
3116 	return pos;
3117 }
3118 
3119 /*
3120  * Find the next thread in the thread list.
3121  * Return NULL if there is an error or no next thread.
3122  *
3123  * The reference to the input task_struct is released.
3124  */
3125 static struct task_struct *next_tid(struct task_struct *start)
3126 {
3127 	struct task_struct *pos = NULL;
3128 	rcu_read_lock();
3129 	if (pid_alive(start)) {
3130 		pos = next_thread(start);
3131 		if (thread_group_leader(pos))
3132 			pos = NULL;
3133 		else
3134 			get_task_struct(pos);
3135 	}
3136 	rcu_read_unlock();
3137 	put_task_struct(start);
3138 	return pos;
3139 }
3140 
3141 /* for the /proc/TGID/task/ directories */
3142 static int proc_task_readdir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx)
3143 {
3144 	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
3145 	struct task_struct *task;
3146 	struct pid_namespace *ns;
3147 	int tid;
3148 
3149 	if (proc_inode_is_dead(inode))
3150 		return -ENOENT;
3151 
3152 	if (!dir_emit_dots(file, ctx))
3153 		return 0;
3154 
3155 	/* f_version caches the tgid value that the last readdir call couldn't
3156 	 * return. lseek aka telldir automagically resets f_version to 0.
3157 	 */
3158 	ns = file->f_dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
3159 	tid = (int)file->f_version;
3160 	file->f_version = 0;
3161 	for (task = first_tid(proc_pid(inode), tid, ctx->pos - 2, ns);
3162 	     task;
3163 	     task = next_tid(task), ctx->pos++) {
3164 		char name[PROC_NUMBUF];
3165 		int len;
3166 		tid = task_pid_nr_ns(task, ns);
3167 		len = snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%d", tid);
3168 		if (!proc_fill_cache(file, ctx, name, len,
3169 				proc_task_instantiate, task, NULL)) {
3170 			/* returning this tgid failed, save it as the first
3171 			 * pid for the next readir call */
3172 			file->f_version = (u64)tid;
3173 			put_task_struct(task);
3174 			break;
3175 		}
3176 	}
3177 
3178 	return 0;
3179 }
3180 
3181 static int proc_task_getattr(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct dentry *dentry, struct kstat *stat)
3182 {
3183 	struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
3184 	struct task_struct *p = get_proc_task(inode);
3185 	generic_fillattr(inode, stat);
3186 
3187 	if (p) {
3188 		stat->nlink += get_nr_threads(p);
3189 		put_task_struct(p);
3190 	}
3191 
3192 	return 0;
3193 }
3194 
3195 static const struct inode_operations proc_task_inode_operations = {
3196 	.lookup		= proc_task_lookup,
3197 	.getattr	= proc_task_getattr,
3198 	.setattr	= proc_setattr,
3199 	.permission	= proc_pid_permission,
3200 };
3201 
3202 static const struct file_operations proc_task_operations = {
3203 	.read		= generic_read_dir,
3204 	.iterate	= proc_task_readdir,
3205 	.llseek		= default_llseek,
3206 };
3207