1 /* 2 * JFFS2 -- Journalling Flash File System, Version 2. 3 * 4 * Copyright © 2001-2007 Red Hat, Inc. 5 * 6 * Created by David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> 7 * 8 * For licensing information, see the file 'LICENCE' in this directory. 9 * 10 */ 11 12 #ifndef __JFFS2_NODELIST_H__ 13 #define __JFFS2_NODELIST_H__ 14 15 #include <linux/fs.h> 16 #include <linux/types.h> 17 #include <linux/jffs2.h> 18 #include "jffs2_fs_sb.h" 19 #include "jffs2_fs_i.h" 20 #include "xattr.h" 21 #include "acl.h" 22 #include "summary.h" 23 24 #ifdef __ECOS 25 #include "os-ecos.h" 26 #else 27 #include <linux/mtd/compatmac.h> /* For compatibility with older kernels */ 28 #include "os-linux.h" 29 #endif 30 31 #define JFFS2_NATIVE_ENDIAN 32 33 /* Note we handle mode bits conversion from JFFS2 (i.e. Linux) to/from 34 whatever OS we're actually running on here too. */ 35 36 #if defined(JFFS2_NATIVE_ENDIAN) 37 #define cpu_to_je16(x) ((jint16_t){x}) 38 #define cpu_to_je32(x) ((jint32_t){x}) 39 #define cpu_to_jemode(x) ((jmode_t){os_to_jffs2_mode(x)}) 40 41 #define constant_cpu_to_je16(x) ((jint16_t){x}) 42 #define constant_cpu_to_je32(x) ((jint32_t){x}) 43 44 #define je16_to_cpu(x) ((x).v16) 45 #define je32_to_cpu(x) ((x).v32) 46 #define jemode_to_cpu(x) (jffs2_to_os_mode((x).m)) 47 #elif defined(JFFS2_BIG_ENDIAN) 48 #define cpu_to_je16(x) ((jint16_t){cpu_to_be16(x)}) 49 #define cpu_to_je32(x) ((jint32_t){cpu_to_be32(x)}) 50 #define cpu_to_jemode(x) ((jmode_t){cpu_to_be32(os_to_jffs2_mode(x))}) 51 52 #define constant_cpu_to_je16(x) ((jint16_t){__constant_cpu_to_be16(x)}) 53 #define constant_cpu_to_je32(x) ((jint32_t){__constant_cpu_to_be32(x)}) 54 55 #define je16_to_cpu(x) (be16_to_cpu(x.v16)) 56 #define je32_to_cpu(x) (be32_to_cpu(x.v32)) 57 #define jemode_to_cpu(x) (be32_to_cpu(jffs2_to_os_mode((x).m))) 58 #elif defined(JFFS2_LITTLE_ENDIAN) 59 #define cpu_to_je16(x) ((jint16_t){cpu_to_le16(x)}) 60 #define cpu_to_je32(x) ((jint32_t){cpu_to_le32(x)}) 61 #define cpu_to_jemode(x) ((jmode_t){cpu_to_le32(os_to_jffs2_mode(x))}) 62 63 #define constant_cpu_to_je16(x) ((jint16_t){__constant_cpu_to_le16(x)}) 64 #define constant_cpu_to_je32(x) ((jint32_t){__constant_cpu_to_le32(x)}) 65 66 #define je16_to_cpu(x) (le16_to_cpu(x.v16)) 67 #define je32_to_cpu(x) (le32_to_cpu(x.v32)) 68 #define jemode_to_cpu(x) (le32_to_cpu(jffs2_to_os_mode((x).m))) 69 #else 70 #error wibble 71 #endif 72 73 /* The minimal node header size */ 74 #define JFFS2_MIN_NODE_HEADER sizeof(struct jffs2_raw_dirent) 75 76 /* 77 This is all we need to keep in-core for each raw node during normal 78 operation. As and when we do read_inode on a particular inode, we can 79 scan the nodes which are listed for it and build up a proper map of 80 which nodes are currently valid. JFFSv1 always used to keep that whole 81 map in core for each inode. 82 */ 83 struct jffs2_raw_node_ref 84 { 85 struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *next_in_ino; /* Points to the next raw_node_ref 86 for this object. If this _is_ the last, it points to the inode_cache, 87 xattr_ref or xattr_datum instead. The common part of those structures 88 has NULL in the first word. See jffs2_raw_ref_to_ic() below */ 89 uint32_t flash_offset; 90 #undef TEST_TOTLEN 91 #ifdef TEST_TOTLEN 92 uint32_t __totlen; /* This may die; use ref_totlen(c, jeb, ) below */ 93 #endif 94 }; 95 96 #define REF_LINK_NODE ((int32_t)-1) 97 #define REF_EMPTY_NODE ((int32_t)-2) 98 99 /* Use blocks of about 256 bytes */ 100 #define REFS_PER_BLOCK ((255/sizeof(struct jffs2_raw_node_ref))-1) 101 102 static inline struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *ref_next(struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *ref) 103 { 104 ref++; 105 106 /* Link to another block of refs */ 107 if (ref->flash_offset == REF_LINK_NODE) { 108 ref = ref->next_in_ino; 109 if (!ref) 110 return ref; 111 } 112 113 /* End of chain */ 114 if (ref->flash_offset == REF_EMPTY_NODE) 115 return NULL; 116 117 return ref; 118 } 119 120 static inline struct jffs2_inode_cache *jffs2_raw_ref_to_ic(struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *raw) 121 { 122 while(raw->next_in_ino) 123 raw = raw->next_in_ino; 124 125 /* NB. This can be a jffs2_xattr_datum or jffs2_xattr_ref and 126 not actually a jffs2_inode_cache. Check ->class */ 127 return ((struct jffs2_inode_cache *)raw); 128 } 129 130 /* flash_offset & 3 always has to be zero, because nodes are 131 always aligned at 4 bytes. So we have a couple of extra bits 132 to play with, which indicate the node's status; see below: */ 133 #define REF_UNCHECKED 0 /* We haven't yet checked the CRC or built its inode */ 134 #define REF_OBSOLETE 1 /* Obsolete, can be completely ignored */ 135 #define REF_PRISTINE 2 /* Completely clean. GC without looking */ 136 #define REF_NORMAL 3 /* Possibly overlapped. Read the page and write again on GC */ 137 #define ref_flags(ref) ((ref)->flash_offset & 3) 138 #define ref_offset(ref) ((ref)->flash_offset & ~3) 139 #define ref_obsolete(ref) (((ref)->flash_offset & 3) == REF_OBSOLETE) 140 #define mark_ref_normal(ref) do { (ref)->flash_offset = ref_offset(ref) | REF_NORMAL; } while(0) 141 142 /* Dirent nodes should be REF_PRISTINE only if they are not a deletion 143 dirent. Deletion dirents should be REF_NORMAL so that GC gets to 144 throw them away when appropriate */ 145 #define dirent_node_state(rd) ( (je32_to_cpu((rd)->ino)?REF_PRISTINE:REF_NORMAL) ) 146 147 /* NB: REF_PRISTINE for an inode-less node (ref->next_in_ino == NULL) indicates 148 it is an unknown node of type JFFS2_NODETYPE_RWCOMPAT_COPY, so it'll get 149 copied. If you need to do anything different to GC inode-less nodes, then 150 you need to modify gc.c accordingly. */ 151 152 /* For each inode in the filesystem, we need to keep a record of 153 nlink, because it would be a PITA to scan the whole directory tree 154 at read_inode() time to calculate it, and to keep sufficient information 155 in the raw_node_ref (basically both parent and child inode number for 156 dirent nodes) would take more space than this does. We also keep 157 a pointer to the first physical node which is part of this inode, too. 158 */ 159 struct jffs2_inode_cache { 160 /* First part of structure is shared with other objects which 161 can terminate the raw node refs' next_in_ino list -- which 162 currently struct jffs2_xattr_datum and struct jffs2_xattr_ref. */ 163 164 struct jffs2_full_dirent *scan_dents; /* Used during scan to hold 165 temporary lists of dirents, and later must be set to 166 NULL to mark the end of the raw_node_ref->next_in_ino 167 chain. */ 168 struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *nodes; 169 uint8_t class; /* It's used for identification */ 170 171 /* end of shared structure */ 172 173 uint8_t flags; 174 uint16_t state; 175 uint32_t ino; 176 struct jffs2_inode_cache *next; 177 #ifdef CONFIG_JFFS2_FS_XATTR 178 struct jffs2_xattr_ref *xref; 179 #endif 180 uint32_t pino_nlink; /* Directories store parent inode 181 here; other inodes store nlink. 182 Zero always means that it's 183 completely unlinked. */ 184 }; 185 186 /* Inode states for 'state' above. We need the 'GC' state to prevent 187 someone from doing a read_inode() while we're moving a 'REF_PRISTINE' 188 node without going through all the iget() nonsense */ 189 #define INO_STATE_UNCHECKED 0 /* CRC checks not yet done */ 190 #define INO_STATE_CHECKING 1 /* CRC checks in progress */ 191 #define INO_STATE_PRESENT 2 /* In core */ 192 #define INO_STATE_CHECKEDABSENT 3 /* Checked, cleared again */ 193 #define INO_STATE_GC 4 /* GCing a 'pristine' node */ 194 #define INO_STATE_READING 5 /* In read_inode() */ 195 #define INO_STATE_CLEARING 6 /* In clear_inode() */ 196 197 #define INO_FLAGS_XATTR_CHECKED 0x01 /* has no duplicate xattr_ref */ 198 199 #define RAWNODE_CLASS_INODE_CACHE 0 200 #define RAWNODE_CLASS_XATTR_DATUM 1 201 #define RAWNODE_CLASS_XATTR_REF 2 202 203 #define INOCACHE_HASHSIZE 128 204 205 #define write_ofs(c) ((c)->nextblock->offset + (c)->sector_size - (c)->nextblock->free_size) 206 207 /* 208 Larger representation of a raw node, kept in-core only when the 209 struct inode for this particular ino is instantiated. 210 */ 211 212 struct jffs2_full_dnode 213 { 214 struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *raw; 215 uint32_t ofs; /* The offset to which the data of this node belongs */ 216 uint32_t size; 217 uint32_t frags; /* Number of fragments which currently refer 218 to this node. When this reaches zero, 219 the node is obsolete. */ 220 }; 221 222 /* 223 Even larger representation of a raw node, kept in-core only while 224 we're actually building up the original map of which nodes go where, 225 in read_inode() 226 */ 227 struct jffs2_tmp_dnode_info 228 { 229 struct rb_node rb; 230 struct jffs2_full_dnode *fn; 231 uint32_t version; 232 uint32_t data_crc; 233 uint32_t partial_crc; 234 uint16_t csize; 235 uint16_t overlapped; 236 }; 237 238 /* Temporary data structure used during readinode. */ 239 struct jffs2_readinode_info 240 { 241 struct rb_root tn_root; 242 struct jffs2_tmp_dnode_info *mdata_tn; 243 uint32_t highest_version; 244 uint32_t latest_mctime; 245 uint32_t mctime_ver; 246 struct jffs2_full_dirent *fds; 247 struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *latest_ref; 248 }; 249 250 struct jffs2_full_dirent 251 { 252 struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *raw; 253 struct jffs2_full_dirent *next; 254 uint32_t version; 255 uint32_t ino; /* == zero for unlink */ 256 unsigned int nhash; 257 unsigned char type; 258 unsigned char name[0]; 259 }; 260 261 /* 262 Fragments - used to build a map of which raw node to obtain 263 data from for each part of the ino 264 */ 265 struct jffs2_node_frag 266 { 267 struct rb_node rb; 268 struct jffs2_full_dnode *node; /* NULL for holes */ 269 uint32_t size; 270 uint32_t ofs; /* The offset to which this fragment belongs */ 271 }; 272 273 struct jffs2_eraseblock 274 { 275 struct list_head list; 276 int bad_count; 277 uint32_t offset; /* of this block in the MTD */ 278 279 uint32_t unchecked_size; 280 uint32_t used_size; 281 uint32_t dirty_size; 282 uint32_t wasted_size; 283 uint32_t free_size; /* Note that sector_size - free_size 284 is the address of the first free space */ 285 uint32_t allocated_refs; 286 struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *first_node; 287 struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *last_node; 288 289 struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *gc_node; /* Next node to be garbage collected */ 290 }; 291 292 static inline int jffs2_blocks_use_vmalloc(struct jffs2_sb_info *c) 293 { 294 return ((c->flash_size / c->sector_size) * sizeof (struct jffs2_eraseblock)) > (128 * 1024); 295 } 296 297 #define ref_totlen(a, b, c) __jffs2_ref_totlen((a), (b), (c)) 298 299 #define ALLOC_NORMAL 0 /* Normal allocation */ 300 #define ALLOC_DELETION 1 /* Deletion node. Best to allow it */ 301 #define ALLOC_GC 2 /* Space requested for GC. Give it or die */ 302 #define ALLOC_NORETRY 3 /* For jffs2_write_dnode: On failure, return -EAGAIN instead of retrying */ 303 304 /* How much dirty space before it goes on the very_dirty_list */ 305 #define VERYDIRTY(c, size) ((size) >= ((c)->sector_size / 2)) 306 307 /* check if dirty space is more than 255 Byte */ 308 #define ISDIRTY(size) ((size) > sizeof (struct jffs2_raw_inode) + JFFS2_MIN_DATA_LEN) 309 310 #define PAD(x) (((x)+3)&~3) 311 312 static inline int jffs2_encode_dev(union jffs2_device_node *jdev, dev_t rdev) 313 { 314 if (old_valid_dev(rdev)) { 315 jdev->old = cpu_to_je16(old_encode_dev(rdev)); 316 return sizeof(jdev->old); 317 } else { 318 jdev->new = cpu_to_je32(new_encode_dev(rdev)); 319 return sizeof(jdev->new); 320 } 321 } 322 323 static inline struct jffs2_node_frag *frag_first(struct rb_root *root) 324 { 325 struct rb_node *node = rb_first(root); 326 327 if (!node) 328 return NULL; 329 330 return rb_entry(node, struct jffs2_node_frag, rb); 331 } 332 333 static inline struct jffs2_node_frag *frag_last(struct rb_root *root) 334 { 335 struct rb_node *node = rb_last(root); 336 337 if (!node) 338 return NULL; 339 340 return rb_entry(node, struct jffs2_node_frag, rb); 341 } 342 343 #define frag_next(frag) rb_entry(rb_next(&(frag)->rb), struct jffs2_node_frag, rb) 344 #define frag_prev(frag) rb_entry(rb_prev(&(frag)->rb), struct jffs2_node_frag, rb) 345 #define frag_parent(frag) rb_entry(rb_parent(&(frag)->rb), struct jffs2_node_frag, rb) 346 #define frag_left(frag) rb_entry((frag)->rb.rb_left, struct jffs2_node_frag, rb) 347 #define frag_right(frag) rb_entry((frag)->rb.rb_right, struct jffs2_node_frag, rb) 348 #define frag_erase(frag, list) rb_erase(&frag->rb, list); 349 350 #define tn_next(tn) rb_entry(rb_next(&(tn)->rb), struct jffs2_tmp_dnode_info, rb) 351 #define tn_prev(tn) rb_entry(rb_prev(&(tn)->rb), struct jffs2_tmp_dnode_info, rb) 352 #define tn_parent(tn) rb_entry(rb_parent(&(tn)->rb), struct jffs2_tmp_dnode_info, rb) 353 #define tn_left(tn) rb_entry((tn)->rb.rb_left, struct jffs2_tmp_dnode_info, rb) 354 #define tn_right(tn) rb_entry((tn)->rb.rb_right, struct jffs2_tmp_dnode_info, rb) 355 #define tn_erase(tn, list) rb_erase(&tn->rb, list); 356 #define tn_last(list) rb_entry(rb_last(list), struct jffs2_tmp_dnode_info, rb) 357 #define tn_first(list) rb_entry(rb_first(list), struct jffs2_tmp_dnode_info, rb) 358 359 /* nodelist.c */ 360 void jffs2_add_fd_to_list(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_full_dirent *new, struct jffs2_full_dirent **list); 361 void jffs2_set_inocache_state(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_cache *ic, int state); 362 struct jffs2_inode_cache *jffs2_get_ino_cache(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, uint32_t ino); 363 void jffs2_add_ino_cache (struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_cache *new); 364 void jffs2_del_ino_cache(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_cache *old); 365 void jffs2_free_ino_caches(struct jffs2_sb_info *c); 366 void jffs2_free_raw_node_refs(struct jffs2_sb_info *c); 367 struct jffs2_node_frag *jffs2_lookup_node_frag(struct rb_root *fragtree, uint32_t offset); 368 void jffs2_kill_fragtree(struct rb_root *root, struct jffs2_sb_info *c_delete); 369 int jffs2_add_full_dnode_to_inode(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_info *f, struct jffs2_full_dnode *fn); 370 uint32_t jffs2_truncate_fragtree (struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct rb_root *list, uint32_t size); 371 struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *jffs2_link_node_ref(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, 372 struct jffs2_eraseblock *jeb, 373 uint32_t ofs, uint32_t len, 374 struct jffs2_inode_cache *ic); 375 extern uint32_t __jffs2_ref_totlen(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, 376 struct jffs2_eraseblock *jeb, 377 struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *ref); 378 379 /* nodemgmt.c */ 380 int jffs2_thread_should_wake(struct jffs2_sb_info *c); 381 int jffs2_reserve_space(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, uint32_t minsize, 382 uint32_t *len, int prio, uint32_t sumsize); 383 int jffs2_reserve_space_gc(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, uint32_t minsize, 384 uint32_t *len, uint32_t sumsize); 385 struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *jffs2_add_physical_node_ref(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, 386 uint32_t ofs, uint32_t len, 387 struct jffs2_inode_cache *ic); 388 void jffs2_complete_reservation(struct jffs2_sb_info *c); 389 void jffs2_mark_node_obsolete(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *raw); 390 391 /* write.c */ 392 int jffs2_do_new_inode(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_info *f, uint32_t mode, struct jffs2_raw_inode *ri); 393 394 struct jffs2_full_dnode *jffs2_write_dnode(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_info *f, 395 struct jffs2_raw_inode *ri, const unsigned char *data, 396 uint32_t datalen, int alloc_mode); 397 struct jffs2_full_dirent *jffs2_write_dirent(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_info *f, 398 struct jffs2_raw_dirent *rd, const unsigned char *name, 399 uint32_t namelen, int alloc_mode); 400 int jffs2_write_inode_range(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_info *f, 401 struct jffs2_raw_inode *ri, unsigned char *buf, 402 uint32_t offset, uint32_t writelen, uint32_t *retlen); 403 int jffs2_do_create(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_info *dir_f, struct jffs2_inode_info *f, 404 struct jffs2_raw_inode *ri, const char *name, int namelen); 405 int jffs2_do_unlink(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_info *dir_f, const char *name, 406 int namelen, struct jffs2_inode_info *dead_f, uint32_t time); 407 int jffs2_do_link(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_info *dir_f, uint32_t ino, 408 uint8_t type, const char *name, int namelen, uint32_t time); 409 410 411 /* readinode.c */ 412 int jffs2_do_read_inode(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_info *f, 413 uint32_t ino, struct jffs2_raw_inode *latest_node); 414 int jffs2_do_crccheck_inode(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_cache *ic); 415 void jffs2_do_clear_inode(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_info *f); 416 417 /* malloc.c */ 418 int jffs2_create_slab_caches(void); 419 void jffs2_destroy_slab_caches(void); 420 421 struct jffs2_full_dirent *jffs2_alloc_full_dirent(int namesize); 422 void jffs2_free_full_dirent(struct jffs2_full_dirent *); 423 struct jffs2_full_dnode *jffs2_alloc_full_dnode(void); 424 void jffs2_free_full_dnode(struct jffs2_full_dnode *); 425 struct jffs2_raw_dirent *jffs2_alloc_raw_dirent(void); 426 void jffs2_free_raw_dirent(struct jffs2_raw_dirent *); 427 struct jffs2_raw_inode *jffs2_alloc_raw_inode(void); 428 void jffs2_free_raw_inode(struct jffs2_raw_inode *); 429 struct jffs2_tmp_dnode_info *jffs2_alloc_tmp_dnode_info(void); 430 void jffs2_free_tmp_dnode_info(struct jffs2_tmp_dnode_info *); 431 int jffs2_prealloc_raw_node_refs(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, 432 struct jffs2_eraseblock *jeb, int nr); 433 void jffs2_free_refblock(struct jffs2_raw_node_ref *); 434 struct jffs2_node_frag *jffs2_alloc_node_frag(void); 435 void jffs2_free_node_frag(struct jffs2_node_frag *); 436 struct jffs2_inode_cache *jffs2_alloc_inode_cache(void); 437 void jffs2_free_inode_cache(struct jffs2_inode_cache *); 438 #ifdef CONFIG_JFFS2_FS_XATTR 439 struct jffs2_xattr_datum *jffs2_alloc_xattr_datum(void); 440 void jffs2_free_xattr_datum(struct jffs2_xattr_datum *); 441 struct jffs2_xattr_ref *jffs2_alloc_xattr_ref(void); 442 void jffs2_free_xattr_ref(struct jffs2_xattr_ref *); 443 #endif 444 445 /* gc.c */ 446 int jffs2_garbage_collect_pass(struct jffs2_sb_info *c); 447 448 /* read.c */ 449 int jffs2_read_dnode(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_info *f, 450 struct jffs2_full_dnode *fd, unsigned char *buf, 451 int ofs, int len); 452 int jffs2_read_inode_range(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_info *f, 453 unsigned char *buf, uint32_t offset, uint32_t len); 454 char *jffs2_getlink(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_inode_info *f); 455 456 /* scan.c */ 457 int jffs2_scan_medium(struct jffs2_sb_info *c); 458 void jffs2_rotate_lists(struct jffs2_sb_info *c); 459 struct jffs2_inode_cache *jffs2_scan_make_ino_cache(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, uint32_t ino); 460 int jffs2_scan_classify_jeb(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_eraseblock *jeb); 461 int jffs2_scan_dirty_space(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_eraseblock *jeb, uint32_t size); 462 463 /* build.c */ 464 int jffs2_do_mount_fs(struct jffs2_sb_info *c); 465 466 /* erase.c */ 467 void jffs2_erase_pending_blocks(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, int count); 468 void jffs2_free_jeb_node_refs(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_eraseblock *jeb); 469 470 #ifdef CONFIG_JFFS2_FS_WRITEBUFFER 471 /* wbuf.c */ 472 int jffs2_flush_wbuf_gc(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, uint32_t ino); 473 int jffs2_flush_wbuf_pad(struct jffs2_sb_info *c); 474 int jffs2_check_nand_cleanmarker(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_eraseblock *jeb); 475 int jffs2_write_nand_cleanmarker(struct jffs2_sb_info *c, struct jffs2_eraseblock *jeb); 476 #endif 477 478 #include "debug.h" 479 480 #endif /* __JFFS2_NODELIST_H__ */ 481