xref: /openbmc/linux/fs/jbd2/commit.c (revision f15cbe6f1a4b4d9df59142fc8e4abb973302cf44)
1 /*
2  * linux/fs/jbd2/commit.c
3  *
4  * Written by Stephen C. Tweedie <sct@redhat.com>, 1998
5  *
6  * Copyright 1998 Red Hat corp --- All Rights Reserved
7  *
8  * This file is part of the Linux kernel and is made available under
9  * the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2, or at your
10  * option, any later version, incorporated herein by reference.
11  *
12  * Journal commit routines for the generic filesystem journaling code;
13  * part of the ext2fs journaling system.
14  */
15 
16 #include <linux/time.h>
17 #include <linux/fs.h>
18 #include <linux/jbd2.h>
19 #include <linux/errno.h>
20 #include <linux/slab.h>
21 #include <linux/mm.h>
22 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
23 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
24 #include <linux/crc32.h>
25 #include <linux/writeback.h>
26 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
27 
28 /*
29  * Default IO end handler for temporary BJ_IO buffer_heads.
30  */
31 static void journal_end_buffer_io_sync(struct buffer_head *bh, int uptodate)
32 {
33 	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "");
34 	if (uptodate)
35 		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
36 	else
37 		clear_buffer_uptodate(bh);
38 	unlock_buffer(bh);
39 }
40 
41 /*
42  * When an ext4 file is truncated, it is possible that some pages are not
43  * successfully freed, because they are attached to a committing transaction.
44  * After the transaction commits, these pages are left on the LRU, with no
45  * ->mapping, and with attached buffers.  These pages are trivially reclaimable
46  * by the VM, but their apparent absence upsets the VM accounting, and it makes
47  * the numbers in /proc/meminfo look odd.
48  *
49  * So here, we have a buffer which has just come off the forget list.  Look to
50  * see if we can strip all buffers from the backing page.
51  *
52  * Called under lock_journal(), and possibly under journal_datalist_lock.  The
53  * caller provided us with a ref against the buffer, and we drop that here.
54  */
55 static void release_buffer_page(struct buffer_head *bh)
56 {
57 	struct page *page;
58 
59 	if (buffer_dirty(bh))
60 		goto nope;
61 	if (atomic_read(&bh->b_count) != 1)
62 		goto nope;
63 	page = bh->b_page;
64 	if (!page)
65 		goto nope;
66 	if (page->mapping)
67 		goto nope;
68 
69 	/* OK, it's a truncated page */
70 	if (TestSetPageLocked(page))
71 		goto nope;
72 
73 	page_cache_get(page);
74 	__brelse(bh);
75 	try_to_free_buffers(page);
76 	unlock_page(page);
77 	page_cache_release(page);
78 	return;
79 
80 nope:
81 	__brelse(bh);
82 }
83 
84 /*
85  * Done it all: now submit the commit record.  We should have
86  * cleaned up our previous buffers by now, so if we are in abort
87  * mode we can now just skip the rest of the journal write
88  * entirely.
89  *
90  * Returns 1 if the journal needs to be aborted or 0 on success
91  */
92 static int journal_submit_commit_record(journal_t *journal,
93 					transaction_t *commit_transaction,
94 					struct buffer_head **cbh,
95 					__u32 crc32_sum)
96 {
97 	struct journal_head *descriptor;
98 	struct commit_header *tmp;
99 	struct buffer_head *bh;
100 	int ret;
101 	int barrier_done = 0;
102 	struct timespec now = current_kernel_time();
103 
104 	if (is_journal_aborted(journal))
105 		return 0;
106 
107 	descriptor = jbd2_journal_get_descriptor_buffer(journal);
108 	if (!descriptor)
109 		return 1;
110 
111 	bh = jh2bh(descriptor);
112 
113 	tmp = (struct commit_header *)bh->b_data;
114 	tmp->h_magic = cpu_to_be32(JBD2_MAGIC_NUMBER);
115 	tmp->h_blocktype = cpu_to_be32(JBD2_COMMIT_BLOCK);
116 	tmp->h_sequence = cpu_to_be32(commit_transaction->t_tid);
117 	tmp->h_commit_sec = cpu_to_be64(now.tv_sec);
118 	tmp->h_commit_nsec = cpu_to_be32(now.tv_nsec);
119 
120 	if (JBD2_HAS_COMPAT_FEATURE(journal,
121 				    JBD2_FEATURE_COMPAT_CHECKSUM)) {
122 		tmp->h_chksum_type 	= JBD2_CRC32_CHKSUM;
123 		tmp->h_chksum_size 	= JBD2_CRC32_CHKSUM_SIZE;
124 		tmp->h_chksum[0] 	= cpu_to_be32(crc32_sum);
125 	}
126 
127 	JBUFFER_TRACE(descriptor, "submit commit block");
128 	lock_buffer(bh);
129 	get_bh(bh);
130 	set_buffer_dirty(bh);
131 	set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
132 	bh->b_end_io = journal_end_buffer_io_sync;
133 
134 	if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_BARRIER &&
135 		!JBD2_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(journal,
136 					 JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_ASYNC_COMMIT)) {
137 		set_buffer_ordered(bh);
138 		barrier_done = 1;
139 	}
140 	ret = submit_bh(WRITE, bh);
141 	if (barrier_done)
142 		clear_buffer_ordered(bh);
143 
144 	/* is it possible for another commit to fail at roughly
145 	 * the same time as this one?  If so, we don't want to
146 	 * trust the barrier flag in the super, but instead want
147 	 * to remember if we sent a barrier request
148 	 */
149 	if (ret == -EOPNOTSUPP && barrier_done) {
150 		char b[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
151 
152 		printk(KERN_WARNING
153 			"JBD: barrier-based sync failed on %s - "
154 			"disabling barriers\n",
155 			bdevname(journal->j_dev, b));
156 		spin_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
157 		journal->j_flags &= ~JBD2_BARRIER;
158 		spin_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
159 
160 		/* And try again, without the barrier */
161 		lock_buffer(bh);
162 		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
163 		set_buffer_dirty(bh);
164 		ret = submit_bh(WRITE, bh);
165 	}
166 	*cbh = bh;
167 	return ret;
168 }
169 
170 /*
171  * This function along with journal_submit_commit_record
172  * allows to write the commit record asynchronously.
173  */
174 static int journal_wait_on_commit_record(struct buffer_head *bh)
175 {
176 	int ret = 0;
177 
178 	clear_buffer_dirty(bh);
179 	wait_on_buffer(bh);
180 
181 	if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(bh)))
182 		ret = -EIO;
183 	put_bh(bh);            /* One for getblk() */
184 	jbd2_journal_put_journal_head(bh2jh(bh));
185 
186 	return ret;
187 }
188 
189 /*
190  * write the filemap data using writepage() address_space_operations.
191  * We don't do block allocation here even for delalloc. We don't
192  * use writepages() because with dealyed allocation we may be doing
193  * block allocation in writepages().
194  */
195 static int journal_submit_inode_data_buffers(struct address_space *mapping)
196 {
197 	int ret;
198 	struct writeback_control wbc = {
199 		.sync_mode =  WB_SYNC_ALL,
200 		.nr_to_write = mapping->nrpages * 2,
201 		.range_start = 0,
202 		.range_end = i_size_read(mapping->host),
203 		.for_writepages = 1,
204 	};
205 
206 	ret = generic_writepages(mapping, &wbc);
207 	return ret;
208 }
209 
210 /*
211  * Submit all the data buffers of inode associated with the transaction to
212  * disk.
213  *
214  * We are in a committing transaction. Therefore no new inode can be added to
215  * our inode list. We use JI_COMMIT_RUNNING flag to protect inode we currently
216  * operate on from being released while we write out pages.
217  */
218 static int journal_submit_data_buffers(journal_t *journal,
219 		transaction_t *commit_transaction)
220 {
221 	struct jbd2_inode *jinode;
222 	int err, ret = 0;
223 	struct address_space *mapping;
224 
225 	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
226 	list_for_each_entry(jinode, &commit_transaction->t_inode_list, i_list) {
227 		mapping = jinode->i_vfs_inode->i_mapping;
228 		jinode->i_flags |= JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
229 		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
230 		/*
231 		 * submit the inode data buffers. We use writepage
232 		 * instead of writepages. Because writepages can do
233 		 * block allocation  with delalloc. We need to write
234 		 * only allocated blocks here.
235 		 */
236 		err = journal_submit_inode_data_buffers(mapping);
237 		if (!ret)
238 			ret = err;
239 		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
240 		J_ASSERT(jinode->i_transaction == commit_transaction);
241 		jinode->i_flags &= ~JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
242 		wake_up_bit(&jinode->i_flags, __JI_COMMIT_RUNNING);
243 	}
244 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
245 	return ret;
246 }
247 
248 /*
249  * Wait for data submitted for writeout, refile inodes to proper
250  * transaction if needed.
251  *
252  */
253 static int journal_finish_inode_data_buffers(journal_t *journal,
254 		transaction_t *commit_transaction)
255 {
256 	struct jbd2_inode *jinode, *next_i;
257 	int err, ret = 0;
258 
259 	/* For locking, see the comment in journal_submit_data_buffers() */
260 	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
261 	list_for_each_entry(jinode, &commit_transaction->t_inode_list, i_list) {
262 		jinode->i_flags |= JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
263 		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
264 		err = filemap_fdatawait(jinode->i_vfs_inode->i_mapping);
265 		if (!ret)
266 			ret = err;
267 		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
268 		jinode->i_flags &= ~JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
269 		wake_up_bit(&jinode->i_flags, __JI_COMMIT_RUNNING);
270 	}
271 
272 	/* Now refile inode to proper lists */
273 	list_for_each_entry_safe(jinode, next_i,
274 				 &commit_transaction->t_inode_list, i_list) {
275 		list_del(&jinode->i_list);
276 		if (jinode->i_next_transaction) {
277 			jinode->i_transaction = jinode->i_next_transaction;
278 			jinode->i_next_transaction = NULL;
279 			list_add(&jinode->i_list,
280 				&jinode->i_transaction->t_inode_list);
281 		} else {
282 			jinode->i_transaction = NULL;
283 		}
284 	}
285 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
286 
287 	return ret;
288 }
289 
290 static __u32 jbd2_checksum_data(__u32 crc32_sum, struct buffer_head *bh)
291 {
292 	struct page *page = bh->b_page;
293 	char *addr;
294 	__u32 checksum;
295 
296 	addr = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0);
297 	checksum = crc32_be(crc32_sum,
298 		(void *)(addr + offset_in_page(bh->b_data)), bh->b_size);
299 	kunmap_atomic(addr, KM_USER0);
300 
301 	return checksum;
302 }
303 
304 static void write_tag_block(int tag_bytes, journal_block_tag_t *tag,
305 				   unsigned long long block)
306 {
307 	tag->t_blocknr = cpu_to_be32(block & (u32)~0);
308 	if (tag_bytes > JBD2_TAG_SIZE32)
309 		tag->t_blocknr_high = cpu_to_be32((block >> 31) >> 1);
310 }
311 
312 /*
313  * jbd2_journal_commit_transaction
314  *
315  * The primary function for committing a transaction to the log.  This
316  * function is called by the journal thread to begin a complete commit.
317  */
318 void jbd2_journal_commit_transaction(journal_t *journal)
319 {
320 	struct transaction_stats_s stats;
321 	transaction_t *commit_transaction;
322 	struct journal_head *jh, *new_jh, *descriptor;
323 	struct buffer_head **wbuf = journal->j_wbuf;
324 	int bufs;
325 	int flags;
326 	int err;
327 	unsigned long long blocknr;
328 	char *tagp = NULL;
329 	journal_header_t *header;
330 	journal_block_tag_t *tag = NULL;
331 	int space_left = 0;
332 	int first_tag = 0;
333 	int tag_flag;
334 	int i;
335 	int tag_bytes = journal_tag_bytes(journal);
336 	struct buffer_head *cbh = NULL; /* For transactional checksums */
337 	__u32 crc32_sum = ~0;
338 
339 	/*
340 	 * First job: lock down the current transaction and wait for
341 	 * all outstanding updates to complete.
342 	 */
343 
344 #ifdef COMMIT_STATS
345 	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
346 	summarise_journal_usage(journal);
347 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
348 #endif
349 
350 	/* Do we need to erase the effects of a prior jbd2_journal_flush? */
351 	if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_FLUSHED) {
352 		jbd_debug(3, "super block updated\n");
353 		jbd2_journal_update_superblock(journal, 1);
354 	} else {
355 		jbd_debug(3, "superblock not updated\n");
356 	}
357 
358 	J_ASSERT(journal->j_running_transaction != NULL);
359 	J_ASSERT(journal->j_committing_transaction == NULL);
360 
361 	commit_transaction = journal->j_running_transaction;
362 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_state == T_RUNNING);
363 
364 	jbd_debug(1, "JBD: starting commit of transaction %d\n",
365 			commit_transaction->t_tid);
366 
367 	spin_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
368 	commit_transaction->t_state = T_LOCKED;
369 
370 	stats.u.run.rs_wait = commit_transaction->t_max_wait;
371 	stats.u.run.rs_locked = jiffies;
372 	stats.u.run.rs_running = jbd2_time_diff(commit_transaction->t_start,
373 						stats.u.run.rs_locked);
374 
375 	spin_lock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);
376 	while (commit_transaction->t_updates) {
377 		DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
378 
379 		prepare_to_wait(&journal->j_wait_updates, &wait,
380 					TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
381 		if (commit_transaction->t_updates) {
382 			spin_unlock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);
383 			spin_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
384 			schedule();
385 			spin_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
386 			spin_lock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);
387 		}
388 		finish_wait(&journal->j_wait_updates, &wait);
389 	}
390 	spin_unlock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);
391 
392 	J_ASSERT (commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits <=
393 			journal->j_max_transaction_buffers);
394 
395 	/*
396 	 * First thing we are allowed to do is to discard any remaining
397 	 * BJ_Reserved buffers.  Note, it is _not_ permissible to assume
398 	 * that there are no such buffers: if a large filesystem
399 	 * operation like a truncate needs to split itself over multiple
400 	 * transactions, then it may try to do a jbd2_journal_restart() while
401 	 * there are still BJ_Reserved buffers outstanding.  These must
402 	 * be released cleanly from the current transaction.
403 	 *
404 	 * In this case, the filesystem must still reserve write access
405 	 * again before modifying the buffer in the new transaction, but
406 	 * we do not require it to remember exactly which old buffers it
407 	 * has reserved.  This is consistent with the existing behaviour
408 	 * that multiple jbd2_journal_get_write_access() calls to the same
409 	 * buffer are perfectly permissable.
410 	 */
411 	while (commit_transaction->t_reserved_list) {
412 		jh = commit_transaction->t_reserved_list;
413 		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "reserved, unused: refile");
414 		/*
415 		 * A jbd2_journal_get_undo_access()+jbd2_journal_release_buffer() may
416 		 * leave undo-committed data.
417 		 */
418 		if (jh->b_committed_data) {
419 			struct buffer_head *bh = jh2bh(jh);
420 
421 			jbd_lock_bh_state(bh);
422 			jbd2_free(jh->b_committed_data, bh->b_size);
423 			jh->b_committed_data = NULL;
424 			jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh);
425 		}
426 		jbd2_journal_refile_buffer(journal, jh);
427 	}
428 
429 	/*
430 	 * Now try to drop any written-back buffers from the journal's
431 	 * checkpoint lists.  We do this *before* commit because it potentially
432 	 * frees some memory
433 	 */
434 	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
435 	__jbd2_journal_clean_checkpoint_list(journal);
436 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
437 
438 	jbd_debug (3, "JBD: commit phase 1\n");
439 
440 	/*
441 	 * Switch to a new revoke table.
442 	 */
443 	jbd2_journal_switch_revoke_table(journal);
444 
445 	stats.u.run.rs_flushing = jiffies;
446 	stats.u.run.rs_locked = jbd2_time_diff(stats.u.run.rs_locked,
447 					       stats.u.run.rs_flushing);
448 
449 	commit_transaction->t_state = T_FLUSH;
450 	journal->j_committing_transaction = commit_transaction;
451 	journal->j_running_transaction = NULL;
452 	commit_transaction->t_log_start = journal->j_head;
453 	wake_up(&journal->j_wait_transaction_locked);
454 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
455 
456 	jbd_debug (3, "JBD: commit phase 2\n");
457 
458 	/*
459 	 * Now start flushing things to disk, in the order they appear
460 	 * on the transaction lists.  Data blocks go first.
461 	 */
462 	err = journal_submit_data_buffers(journal, commit_transaction);
463 	if (err)
464 		jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
465 
466 	jbd2_journal_write_revoke_records(journal, commit_transaction);
467 
468 	jbd_debug(3, "JBD: commit phase 2\n");
469 
470 	/*
471 	 * Way to go: we have now written out all of the data for a
472 	 * transaction!  Now comes the tricky part: we need to write out
473 	 * metadata.  Loop over the transaction's entire buffer list:
474 	 */
475 	spin_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
476 	commit_transaction->t_state = T_COMMIT;
477 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
478 
479 	stats.u.run.rs_logging = jiffies;
480 	stats.u.run.rs_flushing = jbd2_time_diff(stats.u.run.rs_flushing,
481 						 stats.u.run.rs_logging);
482 	stats.u.run.rs_blocks = commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits;
483 	stats.u.run.rs_blocks_logged = 0;
484 
485 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_nr_buffers <=
486 		 commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits);
487 
488 	err = 0;
489 	descriptor = NULL;
490 	bufs = 0;
491 	while (commit_transaction->t_buffers) {
492 
493 		/* Find the next buffer to be journaled... */
494 
495 		jh = commit_transaction->t_buffers;
496 
497 		/* If we're in abort mode, we just un-journal the buffer and
498 		   release it for background writing. */
499 
500 		if (is_journal_aborted(journal)) {
501 			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "journal is aborting: refile");
502 			jbd2_journal_refile_buffer(journal, jh);
503 			/* If that was the last one, we need to clean up
504 			 * any descriptor buffers which may have been
505 			 * already allocated, even if we are now
506 			 * aborting. */
507 			if (!commit_transaction->t_buffers)
508 				goto start_journal_io;
509 			continue;
510 		}
511 
512 		/* Make sure we have a descriptor block in which to
513 		   record the metadata buffer. */
514 
515 		if (!descriptor) {
516 			struct buffer_head *bh;
517 
518 			J_ASSERT (bufs == 0);
519 
520 			jbd_debug(4, "JBD: get descriptor\n");
521 
522 			descriptor = jbd2_journal_get_descriptor_buffer(journal);
523 			if (!descriptor) {
524 				jbd2_journal_abort(journal, -EIO);
525 				continue;
526 			}
527 
528 			bh = jh2bh(descriptor);
529 			jbd_debug(4, "JBD: got buffer %llu (%p)\n",
530 				(unsigned long long)bh->b_blocknr, bh->b_data);
531 			header = (journal_header_t *)&bh->b_data[0];
532 			header->h_magic     = cpu_to_be32(JBD2_MAGIC_NUMBER);
533 			header->h_blocktype = cpu_to_be32(JBD2_DESCRIPTOR_BLOCK);
534 			header->h_sequence  = cpu_to_be32(commit_transaction->t_tid);
535 
536 			tagp = &bh->b_data[sizeof(journal_header_t)];
537 			space_left = bh->b_size - sizeof(journal_header_t);
538 			first_tag = 1;
539 			set_buffer_jwrite(bh);
540 			set_buffer_dirty(bh);
541 			wbuf[bufs++] = bh;
542 
543 			/* Record it so that we can wait for IO
544                            completion later */
545 			BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "ph3: file as descriptor");
546 			jbd2_journal_file_buffer(descriptor, commit_transaction,
547 					BJ_LogCtl);
548 		}
549 
550 		/* Where is the buffer to be written? */
551 
552 		err = jbd2_journal_next_log_block(journal, &blocknr);
553 		/* If the block mapping failed, just abandon the buffer
554 		   and repeat this loop: we'll fall into the
555 		   refile-on-abort condition above. */
556 		if (err) {
557 			jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
558 			continue;
559 		}
560 
561 		/*
562 		 * start_this_handle() uses t_outstanding_credits to determine
563 		 * the free space in the log, but this counter is changed
564 		 * by jbd2_journal_next_log_block() also.
565 		 */
566 		commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits--;
567 
568 		/* Bump b_count to prevent truncate from stumbling over
569                    the shadowed buffer!  @@@ This can go if we ever get
570                    rid of the BJ_IO/BJ_Shadow pairing of buffers. */
571 		atomic_inc(&jh2bh(jh)->b_count);
572 
573 		/* Make a temporary IO buffer with which to write it out
574                    (this will requeue both the metadata buffer and the
575                    temporary IO buffer). new_bh goes on BJ_IO*/
576 
577 		set_bit(BH_JWrite, &jh2bh(jh)->b_state);
578 		/*
579 		 * akpm: jbd2_journal_write_metadata_buffer() sets
580 		 * new_bh->b_transaction to commit_transaction.
581 		 * We need to clean this up before we release new_bh
582 		 * (which is of type BJ_IO)
583 		 */
584 		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "ph3: write metadata");
585 		flags = jbd2_journal_write_metadata_buffer(commit_transaction,
586 						      jh, &new_jh, blocknr);
587 		set_bit(BH_JWrite, &jh2bh(new_jh)->b_state);
588 		wbuf[bufs++] = jh2bh(new_jh);
589 
590 		/* Record the new block's tag in the current descriptor
591                    buffer */
592 
593 		tag_flag = 0;
594 		if (flags & 1)
595 			tag_flag |= JBD2_FLAG_ESCAPE;
596 		if (!first_tag)
597 			tag_flag |= JBD2_FLAG_SAME_UUID;
598 
599 		tag = (journal_block_tag_t *) tagp;
600 		write_tag_block(tag_bytes, tag, jh2bh(jh)->b_blocknr);
601 		tag->t_flags = cpu_to_be32(tag_flag);
602 		tagp += tag_bytes;
603 		space_left -= tag_bytes;
604 
605 		if (first_tag) {
606 			memcpy (tagp, journal->j_uuid, 16);
607 			tagp += 16;
608 			space_left -= 16;
609 			first_tag = 0;
610 		}
611 
612 		/* If there's no more to do, or if the descriptor is full,
613 		   let the IO rip! */
614 
615 		if (bufs == journal->j_wbufsize ||
616 		    commit_transaction->t_buffers == NULL ||
617 		    space_left < tag_bytes + 16) {
618 
619 			jbd_debug(4, "JBD: Submit %d IOs\n", bufs);
620 
621 			/* Write an end-of-descriptor marker before
622                            submitting the IOs.  "tag" still points to
623                            the last tag we set up. */
624 
625 			tag->t_flags |= cpu_to_be32(JBD2_FLAG_LAST_TAG);
626 
627 start_journal_io:
628 			for (i = 0; i < bufs; i++) {
629 				struct buffer_head *bh = wbuf[i];
630 				/*
631 				 * Compute checksum.
632 				 */
633 				if (JBD2_HAS_COMPAT_FEATURE(journal,
634 					JBD2_FEATURE_COMPAT_CHECKSUM)) {
635 					crc32_sum =
636 					    jbd2_checksum_data(crc32_sum, bh);
637 				}
638 
639 				lock_buffer(bh);
640 				clear_buffer_dirty(bh);
641 				set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
642 				bh->b_end_io = journal_end_buffer_io_sync;
643 				submit_bh(WRITE, bh);
644 			}
645 			cond_resched();
646 			stats.u.run.rs_blocks_logged += bufs;
647 
648 			/* Force a new descriptor to be generated next
649                            time round the loop. */
650 			descriptor = NULL;
651 			bufs = 0;
652 		}
653 	}
654 
655 	/* Done it all: now write the commit record asynchronously. */
656 
657 	if (JBD2_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(journal,
658 		JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_ASYNC_COMMIT)) {
659 		err = journal_submit_commit_record(journal, commit_transaction,
660 						 &cbh, crc32_sum);
661 		if (err)
662 			__jbd2_journal_abort_hard(journal);
663 	}
664 
665 	/*
666 	 * This is the right place to wait for data buffers both for ASYNC
667 	 * and !ASYNC commit. If commit is ASYNC, we need to wait only after
668 	 * the commit block went to disk (which happens above). If commit is
669 	 * SYNC, we need to wait for data buffers before we start writing
670 	 * commit block, which happens below in such setting.
671 	 */
672 	err = journal_finish_inode_data_buffers(journal, commit_transaction);
673 	if (err)
674 		jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
675 
676 	/* Lo and behold: we have just managed to send a transaction to
677            the log.  Before we can commit it, wait for the IO so far to
678            complete.  Control buffers being written are on the
679            transaction's t_log_list queue, and metadata buffers are on
680            the t_iobuf_list queue.
681 
682 	   Wait for the buffers in reverse order.  That way we are
683 	   less likely to be woken up until all IOs have completed, and
684 	   so we incur less scheduling load.
685 	*/
686 
687 	jbd_debug(3, "JBD: commit phase 3\n");
688 
689 	/*
690 	 * akpm: these are BJ_IO, and j_list_lock is not needed.
691 	 * See __journal_try_to_free_buffer.
692 	 */
693 wait_for_iobuf:
694 	while (commit_transaction->t_iobuf_list != NULL) {
695 		struct buffer_head *bh;
696 
697 		jh = commit_transaction->t_iobuf_list->b_tprev;
698 		bh = jh2bh(jh);
699 		if (buffer_locked(bh)) {
700 			wait_on_buffer(bh);
701 			goto wait_for_iobuf;
702 		}
703 		if (cond_resched())
704 			goto wait_for_iobuf;
705 
706 		if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(bh)))
707 			err = -EIO;
708 
709 		clear_buffer_jwrite(bh);
710 
711 		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "ph4: unfile after journal write");
712 		jbd2_journal_unfile_buffer(journal, jh);
713 
714 		/*
715 		 * ->t_iobuf_list should contain only dummy buffer_heads
716 		 * which were created by jbd2_journal_write_metadata_buffer().
717 		 */
718 		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "dumping temporary bh");
719 		jbd2_journal_put_journal_head(jh);
720 		__brelse(bh);
721 		J_ASSERT_BH(bh, atomic_read(&bh->b_count) == 0);
722 		free_buffer_head(bh);
723 
724 		/* We also have to unlock and free the corresponding
725                    shadowed buffer */
726 		jh = commit_transaction->t_shadow_list->b_tprev;
727 		bh = jh2bh(jh);
728 		clear_bit(BH_JWrite, &bh->b_state);
729 		J_ASSERT_BH(bh, buffer_jbddirty(bh));
730 
731 		/* The metadata is now released for reuse, but we need
732                    to remember it against this transaction so that when
733                    we finally commit, we can do any checkpointing
734                    required. */
735 		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "file as BJ_Forget");
736 		jbd2_journal_file_buffer(jh, commit_transaction, BJ_Forget);
737 		/* Wake up any transactions which were waiting for this
738 		   IO to complete */
739 		wake_up_bit(&bh->b_state, BH_Unshadow);
740 		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "brelse shadowed buffer");
741 		__brelse(bh);
742 	}
743 
744 	J_ASSERT (commit_transaction->t_shadow_list == NULL);
745 
746 	jbd_debug(3, "JBD: commit phase 4\n");
747 
748 	/* Here we wait for the revoke record and descriptor record buffers */
749  wait_for_ctlbuf:
750 	while (commit_transaction->t_log_list != NULL) {
751 		struct buffer_head *bh;
752 
753 		jh = commit_transaction->t_log_list->b_tprev;
754 		bh = jh2bh(jh);
755 		if (buffer_locked(bh)) {
756 			wait_on_buffer(bh);
757 			goto wait_for_ctlbuf;
758 		}
759 		if (cond_resched())
760 			goto wait_for_ctlbuf;
761 
762 		if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(bh)))
763 			err = -EIO;
764 
765 		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "ph5: control buffer writeout done: unfile");
766 		clear_buffer_jwrite(bh);
767 		jbd2_journal_unfile_buffer(journal, jh);
768 		jbd2_journal_put_journal_head(jh);
769 		__brelse(bh);		/* One for getblk */
770 		/* AKPM: bforget here */
771 	}
772 
773 	jbd_debug(3, "JBD: commit phase 5\n");
774 
775 	if (!JBD2_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(journal,
776 		JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_ASYNC_COMMIT)) {
777 		err = journal_submit_commit_record(journal, commit_transaction,
778 						&cbh, crc32_sum);
779 		if (err)
780 			__jbd2_journal_abort_hard(journal);
781 	}
782 	if (!err && !is_journal_aborted(journal))
783 		err = journal_wait_on_commit_record(cbh);
784 
785 	if (err)
786 		jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
787 
788 	/* End of a transaction!  Finally, we can do checkpoint
789            processing: any buffers committed as a result of this
790            transaction can be removed from any checkpoint list it was on
791            before. */
792 
793 	jbd_debug(3, "JBD: commit phase 6\n");
794 
795 	J_ASSERT(list_empty(&commit_transaction->t_inode_list));
796 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_buffers == NULL);
797 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_checkpoint_list == NULL);
798 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_iobuf_list == NULL);
799 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_shadow_list == NULL);
800 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_log_list == NULL);
801 
802 restart_loop:
803 	/*
804 	 * As there are other places (journal_unmap_buffer()) adding buffers
805 	 * to this list we have to be careful and hold the j_list_lock.
806 	 */
807 	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
808 	while (commit_transaction->t_forget) {
809 		transaction_t *cp_transaction;
810 		struct buffer_head *bh;
811 
812 		jh = commit_transaction->t_forget;
813 		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
814 		bh = jh2bh(jh);
815 		jbd_lock_bh_state(bh);
816 		J_ASSERT_JH(jh,	jh->b_transaction == commit_transaction ||
817 			jh->b_transaction == journal->j_running_transaction);
818 
819 		/*
820 		 * If there is undo-protected committed data against
821 		 * this buffer, then we can remove it now.  If it is a
822 		 * buffer needing such protection, the old frozen_data
823 		 * field now points to a committed version of the
824 		 * buffer, so rotate that field to the new committed
825 		 * data.
826 		 *
827 		 * Otherwise, we can just throw away the frozen data now.
828 		 */
829 		if (jh->b_committed_data) {
830 			jbd2_free(jh->b_committed_data, bh->b_size);
831 			jh->b_committed_data = NULL;
832 			if (jh->b_frozen_data) {
833 				jh->b_committed_data = jh->b_frozen_data;
834 				jh->b_frozen_data = NULL;
835 			}
836 		} else if (jh->b_frozen_data) {
837 			jbd2_free(jh->b_frozen_data, bh->b_size);
838 			jh->b_frozen_data = NULL;
839 		}
840 
841 		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
842 		cp_transaction = jh->b_cp_transaction;
843 		if (cp_transaction) {
844 			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "remove from old cp transaction");
845 			cp_transaction->t_chp_stats.cs_dropped++;
846 			__jbd2_journal_remove_checkpoint(jh);
847 		}
848 
849 		/* Only re-checkpoint the buffer_head if it is marked
850 		 * dirty.  If the buffer was added to the BJ_Forget list
851 		 * by jbd2_journal_forget, it may no longer be dirty and
852 		 * there's no point in keeping a checkpoint record for
853 		 * it. */
854 
855 		/* A buffer which has been freed while still being
856 		 * journaled by a previous transaction may end up still
857 		 * being dirty here, but we want to avoid writing back
858 		 * that buffer in the future now that the last use has
859 		 * been committed.  That's not only a performance gain,
860 		 * it also stops aliasing problems if the buffer is left
861 		 * behind for writeback and gets reallocated for another
862 		 * use in a different page. */
863 		if (buffer_freed(bh)) {
864 			clear_buffer_freed(bh);
865 			clear_buffer_jbddirty(bh);
866 		}
867 
868 		if (buffer_jbddirty(bh)) {
869 			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "add to new checkpointing trans");
870 			__jbd2_journal_insert_checkpoint(jh, commit_transaction);
871 			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "refile for checkpoint writeback");
872 			__jbd2_journal_refile_buffer(jh);
873 			jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh);
874 		} else {
875 			J_ASSERT_BH(bh, !buffer_dirty(bh));
876 			/* The buffer on BJ_Forget list and not jbddirty means
877 			 * it has been freed by this transaction and hence it
878 			 * could not have been reallocated until this
879 			 * transaction has committed. *BUT* it could be
880 			 * reallocated once we have written all the data to
881 			 * disk and before we process the buffer on BJ_Forget
882 			 * list. */
883 			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "refile or unfile freed buffer");
884 			__jbd2_journal_refile_buffer(jh);
885 			if (!jh->b_transaction) {
886 				jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh);
887 				 /* needs a brelse */
888 				jbd2_journal_remove_journal_head(bh);
889 				release_buffer_page(bh);
890 			} else
891 				jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh);
892 		}
893 		cond_resched_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
894 	}
895 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
896 	/*
897 	 * This is a bit sleazy.  We use j_list_lock to protect transition
898 	 * of a transaction into T_FINISHED state and calling
899 	 * __jbd2_journal_drop_transaction(). Otherwise we could race with
900 	 * other checkpointing code processing the transaction...
901 	 */
902 	spin_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
903 	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
904 	/*
905 	 * Now recheck if some buffers did not get attached to the transaction
906 	 * while the lock was dropped...
907 	 */
908 	if (commit_transaction->t_forget) {
909 		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
910 		spin_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
911 		goto restart_loop;
912 	}
913 
914 	/* Done with this transaction! */
915 
916 	jbd_debug(3, "JBD: commit phase 7\n");
917 
918 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_state == T_COMMIT);
919 
920 	commit_transaction->t_start = jiffies;
921 	stats.u.run.rs_logging = jbd2_time_diff(stats.u.run.rs_logging,
922 						commit_transaction->t_start);
923 
924 	/*
925 	 * File the transaction for history
926 	 */
927 	stats.ts_type = JBD2_STATS_RUN;
928 	stats.ts_tid = commit_transaction->t_tid;
929 	stats.u.run.rs_handle_count = commit_transaction->t_handle_count;
930 	spin_lock(&journal->j_history_lock);
931 	memcpy(journal->j_history + journal->j_history_cur, &stats,
932 			sizeof(stats));
933 	if (++journal->j_history_cur == journal->j_history_max)
934 		journal->j_history_cur = 0;
935 
936 	/*
937 	 * Calculate overall stats
938 	 */
939 	journal->j_stats.ts_tid++;
940 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_wait += stats.u.run.rs_wait;
941 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_running += stats.u.run.rs_running;
942 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_locked += stats.u.run.rs_locked;
943 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_flushing += stats.u.run.rs_flushing;
944 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_logging += stats.u.run.rs_logging;
945 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_handle_count += stats.u.run.rs_handle_count;
946 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_blocks += stats.u.run.rs_blocks;
947 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_blocks_logged += stats.u.run.rs_blocks_logged;
948 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_history_lock);
949 
950 	commit_transaction->t_state = T_FINISHED;
951 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction == journal->j_committing_transaction);
952 	journal->j_commit_sequence = commit_transaction->t_tid;
953 	journal->j_committing_transaction = NULL;
954 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
955 
956 	if (commit_transaction->t_checkpoint_list == NULL &&
957 	    commit_transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list == NULL) {
958 		__jbd2_journal_drop_transaction(journal, commit_transaction);
959 	} else {
960 		if (journal->j_checkpoint_transactions == NULL) {
961 			journal->j_checkpoint_transactions = commit_transaction;
962 			commit_transaction->t_cpnext = commit_transaction;
963 			commit_transaction->t_cpprev = commit_transaction;
964 		} else {
965 			commit_transaction->t_cpnext =
966 				journal->j_checkpoint_transactions;
967 			commit_transaction->t_cpprev =
968 				commit_transaction->t_cpnext->t_cpprev;
969 			commit_transaction->t_cpnext->t_cpprev =
970 				commit_transaction;
971 			commit_transaction->t_cpprev->t_cpnext =
972 				commit_transaction;
973 		}
974 	}
975 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
976 
977 	jbd_debug(1, "JBD: commit %d complete, head %d\n",
978 		  journal->j_commit_sequence, journal->j_tail_sequence);
979 
980 	wake_up(&journal->j_wait_done_commit);
981 }
982