xref: /openbmc/linux/fs/jbd2/commit.c (revision 82ced6fd)
1 /*
2  * linux/fs/jbd2/commit.c
3  *
4  * Written by Stephen C. Tweedie <sct@redhat.com>, 1998
5  *
6  * Copyright 1998 Red Hat corp --- All Rights Reserved
7  *
8  * This file is part of the Linux kernel and is made available under
9  * the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2, or at your
10  * option, any later version, incorporated herein by reference.
11  *
12  * Journal commit routines for the generic filesystem journaling code;
13  * part of the ext2fs journaling system.
14  */
15 
16 #include <linux/time.h>
17 #include <linux/fs.h>
18 #include <linux/jbd2.h>
19 #include <linux/marker.h>
20 #include <linux/errno.h>
21 #include <linux/slab.h>
22 #include <linux/mm.h>
23 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
24 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
25 #include <linux/crc32.h>
26 #include <linux/writeback.h>
27 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
28 #include <linux/bio.h>
29 
30 /*
31  * Default IO end handler for temporary BJ_IO buffer_heads.
32  */
33 static void journal_end_buffer_io_sync(struct buffer_head *bh, int uptodate)
34 {
35 	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "");
36 	if (uptodate)
37 		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
38 	else
39 		clear_buffer_uptodate(bh);
40 	unlock_buffer(bh);
41 }
42 
43 /*
44  * When an ext4 file is truncated, it is possible that some pages are not
45  * successfully freed, because they are attached to a committing transaction.
46  * After the transaction commits, these pages are left on the LRU, with no
47  * ->mapping, and with attached buffers.  These pages are trivially reclaimable
48  * by the VM, but their apparent absence upsets the VM accounting, and it makes
49  * the numbers in /proc/meminfo look odd.
50  *
51  * So here, we have a buffer which has just come off the forget list.  Look to
52  * see if we can strip all buffers from the backing page.
53  *
54  * Called under lock_journal(), and possibly under journal_datalist_lock.  The
55  * caller provided us with a ref against the buffer, and we drop that here.
56  */
57 static void release_buffer_page(struct buffer_head *bh)
58 {
59 	struct page *page;
60 
61 	if (buffer_dirty(bh))
62 		goto nope;
63 	if (atomic_read(&bh->b_count) != 1)
64 		goto nope;
65 	page = bh->b_page;
66 	if (!page)
67 		goto nope;
68 	if (page->mapping)
69 		goto nope;
70 
71 	/* OK, it's a truncated page */
72 	if (!trylock_page(page))
73 		goto nope;
74 
75 	page_cache_get(page);
76 	__brelse(bh);
77 	try_to_free_buffers(page);
78 	unlock_page(page);
79 	page_cache_release(page);
80 	return;
81 
82 nope:
83 	__brelse(bh);
84 }
85 
86 /*
87  * Done it all: now submit the commit record.  We should have
88  * cleaned up our previous buffers by now, so if we are in abort
89  * mode we can now just skip the rest of the journal write
90  * entirely.
91  *
92  * Returns 1 if the journal needs to be aborted or 0 on success
93  */
94 static int journal_submit_commit_record(journal_t *journal,
95 					transaction_t *commit_transaction,
96 					struct buffer_head **cbh,
97 					__u32 crc32_sum)
98 {
99 	struct journal_head *descriptor;
100 	struct commit_header *tmp;
101 	struct buffer_head *bh;
102 	int ret;
103 	int barrier_done = 0;
104 	struct timespec now = current_kernel_time();
105 
106 	if (is_journal_aborted(journal))
107 		return 0;
108 
109 	descriptor = jbd2_journal_get_descriptor_buffer(journal);
110 	if (!descriptor)
111 		return 1;
112 
113 	bh = jh2bh(descriptor);
114 
115 	tmp = (struct commit_header *)bh->b_data;
116 	tmp->h_magic = cpu_to_be32(JBD2_MAGIC_NUMBER);
117 	tmp->h_blocktype = cpu_to_be32(JBD2_COMMIT_BLOCK);
118 	tmp->h_sequence = cpu_to_be32(commit_transaction->t_tid);
119 	tmp->h_commit_sec = cpu_to_be64(now.tv_sec);
120 	tmp->h_commit_nsec = cpu_to_be32(now.tv_nsec);
121 
122 	if (JBD2_HAS_COMPAT_FEATURE(journal,
123 				    JBD2_FEATURE_COMPAT_CHECKSUM)) {
124 		tmp->h_chksum_type 	= JBD2_CRC32_CHKSUM;
125 		tmp->h_chksum_size 	= JBD2_CRC32_CHKSUM_SIZE;
126 		tmp->h_chksum[0] 	= cpu_to_be32(crc32_sum);
127 	}
128 
129 	JBUFFER_TRACE(descriptor, "submit commit block");
130 	lock_buffer(bh);
131 	clear_buffer_dirty(bh);
132 	set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
133 	bh->b_end_io = journal_end_buffer_io_sync;
134 
135 	if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_BARRIER &&
136 		!JBD2_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(journal,
137 					 JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_ASYNC_COMMIT)) {
138 		set_buffer_ordered(bh);
139 		barrier_done = 1;
140 	}
141 	ret = submit_bh(WRITE_SYNC_PLUG, bh);
142 	if (barrier_done)
143 		clear_buffer_ordered(bh);
144 
145 	/* is it possible for another commit to fail at roughly
146 	 * the same time as this one?  If so, we don't want to
147 	 * trust the barrier flag in the super, but instead want
148 	 * to remember if we sent a barrier request
149 	 */
150 	if (ret == -EOPNOTSUPP && barrier_done) {
151 		printk(KERN_WARNING
152 		       "JBD: barrier-based sync failed on %s - "
153 		       "disabling barriers\n", journal->j_devname);
154 		spin_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
155 		journal->j_flags &= ~JBD2_BARRIER;
156 		spin_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
157 
158 		/* And try again, without the barrier */
159 		lock_buffer(bh);
160 		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
161 		clear_buffer_dirty(bh);
162 		ret = submit_bh(WRITE_SYNC_PLUG, bh);
163 	}
164 	*cbh = bh;
165 	return ret;
166 }
167 
168 /*
169  * This function along with journal_submit_commit_record
170  * allows to write the commit record asynchronously.
171  */
172 static int journal_wait_on_commit_record(journal_t *journal,
173 					 struct buffer_head *bh)
174 {
175 	int ret = 0;
176 
177 retry:
178 	clear_buffer_dirty(bh);
179 	wait_on_buffer(bh);
180 	if (buffer_eopnotsupp(bh) && (journal->j_flags & JBD2_BARRIER)) {
181 		printk(KERN_WARNING
182 		       "JBD2: wait_on_commit_record: sync failed on %s - "
183 		       "disabling barriers\n", journal->j_devname);
184 		spin_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
185 		journal->j_flags &= ~JBD2_BARRIER;
186 		spin_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
187 
188 		lock_buffer(bh);
189 		clear_buffer_dirty(bh);
190 		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
191 		bh->b_end_io = journal_end_buffer_io_sync;
192 
193 		ret = submit_bh(WRITE_SYNC_PLUG, bh);
194 		if (ret) {
195 			unlock_buffer(bh);
196 			return ret;
197 		}
198 		goto retry;
199 	}
200 
201 	if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(bh)))
202 		ret = -EIO;
203 	put_bh(bh);            /* One for getblk() */
204 	jbd2_journal_put_journal_head(bh2jh(bh));
205 
206 	return ret;
207 }
208 
209 /*
210  * write the filemap data using writepage() address_space_operations.
211  * We don't do block allocation here even for delalloc. We don't
212  * use writepages() because with dealyed allocation we may be doing
213  * block allocation in writepages().
214  */
215 static int journal_submit_inode_data_buffers(struct address_space *mapping)
216 {
217 	int ret;
218 	struct writeback_control wbc = {
219 		.sync_mode =  WB_SYNC_ALL,
220 		.nr_to_write = mapping->nrpages * 2,
221 		.range_start = 0,
222 		.range_end = i_size_read(mapping->host),
223 		.for_writepages = 1,
224 	};
225 
226 	ret = generic_writepages(mapping, &wbc);
227 	return ret;
228 }
229 
230 /*
231  * Submit all the data buffers of inode associated with the transaction to
232  * disk.
233  *
234  * We are in a committing transaction. Therefore no new inode can be added to
235  * our inode list. We use JI_COMMIT_RUNNING flag to protect inode we currently
236  * operate on from being released while we write out pages.
237  */
238 static int journal_submit_data_buffers(journal_t *journal,
239 		transaction_t *commit_transaction)
240 {
241 	struct jbd2_inode *jinode;
242 	int err, ret = 0;
243 	struct address_space *mapping;
244 
245 	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
246 	list_for_each_entry(jinode, &commit_transaction->t_inode_list, i_list) {
247 		mapping = jinode->i_vfs_inode->i_mapping;
248 		jinode->i_flags |= JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
249 		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
250 		/*
251 		 * submit the inode data buffers. We use writepage
252 		 * instead of writepages. Because writepages can do
253 		 * block allocation  with delalloc. We need to write
254 		 * only allocated blocks here.
255 		 */
256 		err = journal_submit_inode_data_buffers(mapping);
257 		if (!ret)
258 			ret = err;
259 		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
260 		J_ASSERT(jinode->i_transaction == commit_transaction);
261 		jinode->i_flags &= ~JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
262 		wake_up_bit(&jinode->i_flags, __JI_COMMIT_RUNNING);
263 	}
264 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
265 	return ret;
266 }
267 
268 /*
269  * Wait for data submitted for writeout, refile inodes to proper
270  * transaction if needed.
271  *
272  */
273 static int journal_finish_inode_data_buffers(journal_t *journal,
274 		transaction_t *commit_transaction)
275 {
276 	struct jbd2_inode *jinode, *next_i;
277 	int err, ret = 0;
278 
279 	/* For locking, see the comment in journal_submit_data_buffers() */
280 	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
281 	list_for_each_entry(jinode, &commit_transaction->t_inode_list, i_list) {
282 		jinode->i_flags |= JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
283 		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
284 		err = filemap_fdatawait(jinode->i_vfs_inode->i_mapping);
285 		if (err) {
286 			/*
287 			 * Because AS_EIO is cleared by
288 			 * wait_on_page_writeback_range(), set it again so
289 			 * that user process can get -EIO from fsync().
290 			 */
291 			set_bit(AS_EIO,
292 				&jinode->i_vfs_inode->i_mapping->flags);
293 
294 			if (!ret)
295 				ret = err;
296 		}
297 		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
298 		jinode->i_flags &= ~JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
299 		wake_up_bit(&jinode->i_flags, __JI_COMMIT_RUNNING);
300 	}
301 
302 	/* Now refile inode to proper lists */
303 	list_for_each_entry_safe(jinode, next_i,
304 				 &commit_transaction->t_inode_list, i_list) {
305 		list_del(&jinode->i_list);
306 		if (jinode->i_next_transaction) {
307 			jinode->i_transaction = jinode->i_next_transaction;
308 			jinode->i_next_transaction = NULL;
309 			list_add(&jinode->i_list,
310 				&jinode->i_transaction->t_inode_list);
311 		} else {
312 			jinode->i_transaction = NULL;
313 		}
314 	}
315 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
316 
317 	return ret;
318 }
319 
320 static __u32 jbd2_checksum_data(__u32 crc32_sum, struct buffer_head *bh)
321 {
322 	struct page *page = bh->b_page;
323 	char *addr;
324 	__u32 checksum;
325 
326 	addr = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0);
327 	checksum = crc32_be(crc32_sum,
328 		(void *)(addr + offset_in_page(bh->b_data)), bh->b_size);
329 	kunmap_atomic(addr, KM_USER0);
330 
331 	return checksum;
332 }
333 
334 static void write_tag_block(int tag_bytes, journal_block_tag_t *tag,
335 				   unsigned long long block)
336 {
337 	tag->t_blocknr = cpu_to_be32(block & (u32)~0);
338 	if (tag_bytes > JBD2_TAG_SIZE32)
339 		tag->t_blocknr_high = cpu_to_be32((block >> 31) >> 1);
340 }
341 
342 /*
343  * jbd2_journal_commit_transaction
344  *
345  * The primary function for committing a transaction to the log.  This
346  * function is called by the journal thread to begin a complete commit.
347  */
348 void jbd2_journal_commit_transaction(journal_t *journal)
349 {
350 	struct transaction_stats_s stats;
351 	transaction_t *commit_transaction;
352 	struct journal_head *jh, *new_jh, *descriptor;
353 	struct buffer_head **wbuf = journal->j_wbuf;
354 	int bufs;
355 	int flags;
356 	int err;
357 	unsigned long long blocknr;
358 	ktime_t start_time;
359 	u64 commit_time;
360 	char *tagp = NULL;
361 	journal_header_t *header;
362 	journal_block_tag_t *tag = NULL;
363 	int space_left = 0;
364 	int first_tag = 0;
365 	int tag_flag;
366 	int i, to_free = 0;
367 	int tag_bytes = journal_tag_bytes(journal);
368 	struct buffer_head *cbh = NULL; /* For transactional checksums */
369 	__u32 crc32_sum = ~0;
370 	int write_op = WRITE;
371 
372 	/*
373 	 * First job: lock down the current transaction and wait for
374 	 * all outstanding updates to complete.
375 	 */
376 
377 #ifdef COMMIT_STATS
378 	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
379 	summarise_journal_usage(journal);
380 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
381 #endif
382 
383 	/* Do we need to erase the effects of a prior jbd2_journal_flush? */
384 	if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_FLUSHED) {
385 		jbd_debug(3, "super block updated\n");
386 		jbd2_journal_update_superblock(journal, 1);
387 	} else {
388 		jbd_debug(3, "superblock not updated\n");
389 	}
390 
391 	J_ASSERT(journal->j_running_transaction != NULL);
392 	J_ASSERT(journal->j_committing_transaction == NULL);
393 
394 	commit_transaction = journal->j_running_transaction;
395 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_state == T_RUNNING);
396 
397 	trace_mark(jbd2_start_commit, "dev %s transaction %d",
398 		   journal->j_devname, commit_transaction->t_tid);
399 	jbd_debug(1, "JBD: starting commit of transaction %d\n",
400 			commit_transaction->t_tid);
401 
402 	spin_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
403 	commit_transaction->t_state = T_LOCKED;
404 
405 	/*
406 	 * Use plugged writes here, since we want to submit several before
407 	 * we unplug the device. We don't do explicit unplugging in here,
408 	 * instead we rely on sync_buffer() doing the unplug for us.
409 	 */
410 	if (commit_transaction->t_synchronous_commit)
411 		write_op = WRITE_SYNC_PLUG;
412 	stats.u.run.rs_wait = commit_transaction->t_max_wait;
413 	stats.u.run.rs_locked = jiffies;
414 	stats.u.run.rs_running = jbd2_time_diff(commit_transaction->t_start,
415 						stats.u.run.rs_locked);
416 
417 	spin_lock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);
418 	while (commit_transaction->t_updates) {
419 		DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
420 
421 		prepare_to_wait(&journal->j_wait_updates, &wait,
422 					TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
423 		if (commit_transaction->t_updates) {
424 			spin_unlock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);
425 			spin_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
426 			schedule();
427 			spin_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
428 			spin_lock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);
429 		}
430 		finish_wait(&journal->j_wait_updates, &wait);
431 	}
432 	spin_unlock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);
433 
434 	J_ASSERT (commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits <=
435 			journal->j_max_transaction_buffers);
436 
437 	/*
438 	 * First thing we are allowed to do is to discard any remaining
439 	 * BJ_Reserved buffers.  Note, it is _not_ permissible to assume
440 	 * that there are no such buffers: if a large filesystem
441 	 * operation like a truncate needs to split itself over multiple
442 	 * transactions, then it may try to do a jbd2_journal_restart() while
443 	 * there are still BJ_Reserved buffers outstanding.  These must
444 	 * be released cleanly from the current transaction.
445 	 *
446 	 * In this case, the filesystem must still reserve write access
447 	 * again before modifying the buffer in the new transaction, but
448 	 * we do not require it to remember exactly which old buffers it
449 	 * has reserved.  This is consistent with the existing behaviour
450 	 * that multiple jbd2_journal_get_write_access() calls to the same
451 	 * buffer are perfectly permissable.
452 	 */
453 	while (commit_transaction->t_reserved_list) {
454 		jh = commit_transaction->t_reserved_list;
455 		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "reserved, unused: refile");
456 		/*
457 		 * A jbd2_journal_get_undo_access()+jbd2_journal_release_buffer() may
458 		 * leave undo-committed data.
459 		 */
460 		if (jh->b_committed_data) {
461 			struct buffer_head *bh = jh2bh(jh);
462 
463 			jbd_lock_bh_state(bh);
464 			jbd2_free(jh->b_committed_data, bh->b_size);
465 			jh->b_committed_data = NULL;
466 			jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh);
467 		}
468 		jbd2_journal_refile_buffer(journal, jh);
469 	}
470 
471 	/*
472 	 * Now try to drop any written-back buffers from the journal's
473 	 * checkpoint lists.  We do this *before* commit because it potentially
474 	 * frees some memory
475 	 */
476 	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
477 	__jbd2_journal_clean_checkpoint_list(journal);
478 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
479 
480 	jbd_debug (3, "JBD: commit phase 1\n");
481 
482 	/*
483 	 * Switch to a new revoke table.
484 	 */
485 	jbd2_journal_switch_revoke_table(journal);
486 
487 	stats.u.run.rs_flushing = jiffies;
488 	stats.u.run.rs_locked = jbd2_time_diff(stats.u.run.rs_locked,
489 					       stats.u.run.rs_flushing);
490 
491 	commit_transaction->t_state = T_FLUSH;
492 	journal->j_committing_transaction = commit_transaction;
493 	journal->j_running_transaction = NULL;
494 	start_time = ktime_get();
495 	commit_transaction->t_log_start = journal->j_head;
496 	wake_up(&journal->j_wait_transaction_locked);
497 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
498 
499 	jbd_debug (3, "JBD: commit phase 2\n");
500 
501 	/*
502 	 * Now start flushing things to disk, in the order they appear
503 	 * on the transaction lists.  Data blocks go first.
504 	 */
505 	err = journal_submit_data_buffers(journal, commit_transaction);
506 	if (err)
507 		jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
508 
509 	jbd2_journal_write_revoke_records(journal, commit_transaction,
510 					  write_op);
511 
512 	jbd_debug(3, "JBD: commit phase 2\n");
513 
514 	/*
515 	 * Way to go: we have now written out all of the data for a
516 	 * transaction!  Now comes the tricky part: we need to write out
517 	 * metadata.  Loop over the transaction's entire buffer list:
518 	 */
519 	spin_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
520 	commit_transaction->t_state = T_COMMIT;
521 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
522 
523 	stats.u.run.rs_logging = jiffies;
524 	stats.u.run.rs_flushing = jbd2_time_diff(stats.u.run.rs_flushing,
525 						 stats.u.run.rs_logging);
526 	stats.u.run.rs_blocks = commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits;
527 	stats.u.run.rs_blocks_logged = 0;
528 
529 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_nr_buffers <=
530 		 commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits);
531 
532 	err = 0;
533 	descriptor = NULL;
534 	bufs = 0;
535 	while (commit_transaction->t_buffers) {
536 
537 		/* Find the next buffer to be journaled... */
538 
539 		jh = commit_transaction->t_buffers;
540 
541 		/* If we're in abort mode, we just un-journal the buffer and
542 		   release it. */
543 
544 		if (is_journal_aborted(journal)) {
545 			clear_buffer_jbddirty(jh2bh(jh));
546 			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "journal is aborting: refile");
547 			jbd2_buffer_abort_trigger(jh,
548 						  jh->b_frozen_data ?
549 						  jh->b_frozen_triggers :
550 						  jh->b_triggers);
551 			jbd2_journal_refile_buffer(journal, jh);
552 			/* If that was the last one, we need to clean up
553 			 * any descriptor buffers which may have been
554 			 * already allocated, even if we are now
555 			 * aborting. */
556 			if (!commit_transaction->t_buffers)
557 				goto start_journal_io;
558 			continue;
559 		}
560 
561 		/* Make sure we have a descriptor block in which to
562 		   record the metadata buffer. */
563 
564 		if (!descriptor) {
565 			struct buffer_head *bh;
566 
567 			J_ASSERT (bufs == 0);
568 
569 			jbd_debug(4, "JBD: get descriptor\n");
570 
571 			descriptor = jbd2_journal_get_descriptor_buffer(journal);
572 			if (!descriptor) {
573 				jbd2_journal_abort(journal, -EIO);
574 				continue;
575 			}
576 
577 			bh = jh2bh(descriptor);
578 			jbd_debug(4, "JBD: got buffer %llu (%p)\n",
579 				(unsigned long long)bh->b_blocknr, bh->b_data);
580 			header = (journal_header_t *)&bh->b_data[0];
581 			header->h_magic     = cpu_to_be32(JBD2_MAGIC_NUMBER);
582 			header->h_blocktype = cpu_to_be32(JBD2_DESCRIPTOR_BLOCK);
583 			header->h_sequence  = cpu_to_be32(commit_transaction->t_tid);
584 
585 			tagp = &bh->b_data[sizeof(journal_header_t)];
586 			space_left = bh->b_size - sizeof(journal_header_t);
587 			first_tag = 1;
588 			set_buffer_jwrite(bh);
589 			set_buffer_dirty(bh);
590 			wbuf[bufs++] = bh;
591 
592 			/* Record it so that we can wait for IO
593                            completion later */
594 			BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "ph3: file as descriptor");
595 			jbd2_journal_file_buffer(descriptor, commit_transaction,
596 					BJ_LogCtl);
597 		}
598 
599 		/* Where is the buffer to be written? */
600 
601 		err = jbd2_journal_next_log_block(journal, &blocknr);
602 		/* If the block mapping failed, just abandon the buffer
603 		   and repeat this loop: we'll fall into the
604 		   refile-on-abort condition above. */
605 		if (err) {
606 			jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
607 			continue;
608 		}
609 
610 		/*
611 		 * start_this_handle() uses t_outstanding_credits to determine
612 		 * the free space in the log, but this counter is changed
613 		 * by jbd2_journal_next_log_block() also.
614 		 */
615 		commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits--;
616 
617 		/* Bump b_count to prevent truncate from stumbling over
618                    the shadowed buffer!  @@@ This can go if we ever get
619                    rid of the BJ_IO/BJ_Shadow pairing of buffers. */
620 		atomic_inc(&jh2bh(jh)->b_count);
621 
622 		/* Make a temporary IO buffer with which to write it out
623                    (this will requeue both the metadata buffer and the
624                    temporary IO buffer). new_bh goes on BJ_IO*/
625 
626 		set_bit(BH_JWrite, &jh2bh(jh)->b_state);
627 		/*
628 		 * akpm: jbd2_journal_write_metadata_buffer() sets
629 		 * new_bh->b_transaction to commit_transaction.
630 		 * We need to clean this up before we release new_bh
631 		 * (which is of type BJ_IO)
632 		 */
633 		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "ph3: write metadata");
634 		flags = jbd2_journal_write_metadata_buffer(commit_transaction,
635 						      jh, &new_jh, blocknr);
636 		set_bit(BH_JWrite, &jh2bh(new_jh)->b_state);
637 		wbuf[bufs++] = jh2bh(new_jh);
638 
639 		/* Record the new block's tag in the current descriptor
640                    buffer */
641 
642 		tag_flag = 0;
643 		if (flags & 1)
644 			tag_flag |= JBD2_FLAG_ESCAPE;
645 		if (!first_tag)
646 			tag_flag |= JBD2_FLAG_SAME_UUID;
647 
648 		tag = (journal_block_tag_t *) tagp;
649 		write_tag_block(tag_bytes, tag, jh2bh(jh)->b_blocknr);
650 		tag->t_flags = cpu_to_be32(tag_flag);
651 		tagp += tag_bytes;
652 		space_left -= tag_bytes;
653 
654 		if (first_tag) {
655 			memcpy (tagp, journal->j_uuid, 16);
656 			tagp += 16;
657 			space_left -= 16;
658 			first_tag = 0;
659 		}
660 
661 		/* If there's no more to do, or if the descriptor is full,
662 		   let the IO rip! */
663 
664 		if (bufs == journal->j_wbufsize ||
665 		    commit_transaction->t_buffers == NULL ||
666 		    space_left < tag_bytes + 16) {
667 
668 			jbd_debug(4, "JBD: Submit %d IOs\n", bufs);
669 
670 			/* Write an end-of-descriptor marker before
671                            submitting the IOs.  "tag" still points to
672                            the last tag we set up. */
673 
674 			tag->t_flags |= cpu_to_be32(JBD2_FLAG_LAST_TAG);
675 
676 start_journal_io:
677 			for (i = 0; i < bufs; i++) {
678 				struct buffer_head *bh = wbuf[i];
679 				/*
680 				 * Compute checksum.
681 				 */
682 				if (JBD2_HAS_COMPAT_FEATURE(journal,
683 					JBD2_FEATURE_COMPAT_CHECKSUM)) {
684 					crc32_sum =
685 					    jbd2_checksum_data(crc32_sum, bh);
686 				}
687 
688 				lock_buffer(bh);
689 				clear_buffer_dirty(bh);
690 				set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
691 				bh->b_end_io = journal_end_buffer_io_sync;
692 				submit_bh(write_op, bh);
693 			}
694 			cond_resched();
695 			stats.u.run.rs_blocks_logged += bufs;
696 
697 			/* Force a new descriptor to be generated next
698                            time round the loop. */
699 			descriptor = NULL;
700 			bufs = 0;
701 		}
702 	}
703 
704 	/* Done it all: now write the commit record asynchronously. */
705 
706 	if (JBD2_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(journal,
707 		JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_ASYNC_COMMIT)) {
708 		err = journal_submit_commit_record(journal, commit_transaction,
709 						 &cbh, crc32_sum);
710 		if (err)
711 			__jbd2_journal_abort_hard(journal);
712 	}
713 
714 	/*
715 	 * This is the right place to wait for data buffers both for ASYNC
716 	 * and !ASYNC commit. If commit is ASYNC, we need to wait only after
717 	 * the commit block went to disk (which happens above). If commit is
718 	 * SYNC, we need to wait for data buffers before we start writing
719 	 * commit block, which happens below in such setting.
720 	 */
721 	err = journal_finish_inode_data_buffers(journal, commit_transaction);
722 	if (err) {
723 		printk(KERN_WARNING
724 			"JBD2: Detected IO errors while flushing file data "
725 		       "on %s\n", journal->j_devname);
726 		if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_ABORT_ON_SYNCDATA_ERR)
727 			jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
728 		err = 0;
729 	}
730 
731 	/* Lo and behold: we have just managed to send a transaction to
732            the log.  Before we can commit it, wait for the IO so far to
733            complete.  Control buffers being written are on the
734            transaction's t_log_list queue, and metadata buffers are on
735            the t_iobuf_list queue.
736 
737 	   Wait for the buffers in reverse order.  That way we are
738 	   less likely to be woken up until all IOs have completed, and
739 	   so we incur less scheduling load.
740 	*/
741 
742 	jbd_debug(3, "JBD: commit phase 3\n");
743 
744 	/*
745 	 * akpm: these are BJ_IO, and j_list_lock is not needed.
746 	 * See __journal_try_to_free_buffer.
747 	 */
748 wait_for_iobuf:
749 	while (commit_transaction->t_iobuf_list != NULL) {
750 		struct buffer_head *bh;
751 
752 		jh = commit_transaction->t_iobuf_list->b_tprev;
753 		bh = jh2bh(jh);
754 		if (buffer_locked(bh)) {
755 			wait_on_buffer(bh);
756 			goto wait_for_iobuf;
757 		}
758 		if (cond_resched())
759 			goto wait_for_iobuf;
760 
761 		if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(bh)))
762 			err = -EIO;
763 
764 		clear_buffer_jwrite(bh);
765 
766 		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "ph4: unfile after journal write");
767 		jbd2_journal_unfile_buffer(journal, jh);
768 
769 		/*
770 		 * ->t_iobuf_list should contain only dummy buffer_heads
771 		 * which were created by jbd2_journal_write_metadata_buffer().
772 		 */
773 		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "dumping temporary bh");
774 		jbd2_journal_put_journal_head(jh);
775 		__brelse(bh);
776 		J_ASSERT_BH(bh, atomic_read(&bh->b_count) == 0);
777 		free_buffer_head(bh);
778 
779 		/* We also have to unlock and free the corresponding
780                    shadowed buffer */
781 		jh = commit_transaction->t_shadow_list->b_tprev;
782 		bh = jh2bh(jh);
783 		clear_bit(BH_JWrite, &bh->b_state);
784 		J_ASSERT_BH(bh, buffer_jbddirty(bh));
785 
786 		/* The metadata is now released for reuse, but we need
787                    to remember it against this transaction so that when
788                    we finally commit, we can do any checkpointing
789                    required. */
790 		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "file as BJ_Forget");
791 		jbd2_journal_file_buffer(jh, commit_transaction, BJ_Forget);
792 		/* Wake up any transactions which were waiting for this
793 		   IO to complete */
794 		wake_up_bit(&bh->b_state, BH_Unshadow);
795 		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "brelse shadowed buffer");
796 		__brelse(bh);
797 	}
798 
799 	J_ASSERT (commit_transaction->t_shadow_list == NULL);
800 
801 	jbd_debug(3, "JBD: commit phase 4\n");
802 
803 	/* Here we wait for the revoke record and descriptor record buffers */
804  wait_for_ctlbuf:
805 	while (commit_transaction->t_log_list != NULL) {
806 		struct buffer_head *bh;
807 
808 		jh = commit_transaction->t_log_list->b_tprev;
809 		bh = jh2bh(jh);
810 		if (buffer_locked(bh)) {
811 			wait_on_buffer(bh);
812 			goto wait_for_ctlbuf;
813 		}
814 		if (cond_resched())
815 			goto wait_for_ctlbuf;
816 
817 		if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(bh)))
818 			err = -EIO;
819 
820 		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "ph5: control buffer writeout done: unfile");
821 		clear_buffer_jwrite(bh);
822 		jbd2_journal_unfile_buffer(journal, jh);
823 		jbd2_journal_put_journal_head(jh);
824 		__brelse(bh);		/* One for getblk */
825 		/* AKPM: bforget here */
826 	}
827 
828 	if (err)
829 		jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
830 
831 	jbd_debug(3, "JBD: commit phase 5\n");
832 
833 	if (!JBD2_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(journal,
834 		JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_ASYNC_COMMIT)) {
835 		err = journal_submit_commit_record(journal, commit_transaction,
836 						&cbh, crc32_sum);
837 		if (err)
838 			__jbd2_journal_abort_hard(journal);
839 	}
840 	if (!err && !is_journal_aborted(journal))
841 		err = journal_wait_on_commit_record(journal, cbh);
842 
843 	if (err)
844 		jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
845 
846 	/* End of a transaction!  Finally, we can do checkpoint
847            processing: any buffers committed as a result of this
848            transaction can be removed from any checkpoint list it was on
849            before. */
850 
851 	jbd_debug(3, "JBD: commit phase 6\n");
852 
853 	J_ASSERT(list_empty(&commit_transaction->t_inode_list));
854 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_buffers == NULL);
855 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_checkpoint_list == NULL);
856 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_iobuf_list == NULL);
857 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_shadow_list == NULL);
858 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_log_list == NULL);
859 
860 restart_loop:
861 	/*
862 	 * As there are other places (journal_unmap_buffer()) adding buffers
863 	 * to this list we have to be careful and hold the j_list_lock.
864 	 */
865 	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
866 	while (commit_transaction->t_forget) {
867 		transaction_t *cp_transaction;
868 		struct buffer_head *bh;
869 
870 		jh = commit_transaction->t_forget;
871 		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
872 		bh = jh2bh(jh);
873 		jbd_lock_bh_state(bh);
874 		J_ASSERT_JH(jh,	jh->b_transaction == commit_transaction ||
875 			jh->b_transaction == journal->j_running_transaction);
876 
877 		/*
878 		 * If there is undo-protected committed data against
879 		 * this buffer, then we can remove it now.  If it is a
880 		 * buffer needing such protection, the old frozen_data
881 		 * field now points to a committed version of the
882 		 * buffer, so rotate that field to the new committed
883 		 * data.
884 		 *
885 		 * Otherwise, we can just throw away the frozen data now.
886 		 *
887 		 * We also know that the frozen data has already fired
888 		 * its triggers if they exist, so we can clear that too.
889 		 */
890 		if (jh->b_committed_data) {
891 			jbd2_free(jh->b_committed_data, bh->b_size);
892 			jh->b_committed_data = NULL;
893 			if (jh->b_frozen_data) {
894 				jh->b_committed_data = jh->b_frozen_data;
895 				jh->b_frozen_data = NULL;
896 				jh->b_frozen_triggers = NULL;
897 			}
898 		} else if (jh->b_frozen_data) {
899 			jbd2_free(jh->b_frozen_data, bh->b_size);
900 			jh->b_frozen_data = NULL;
901 			jh->b_frozen_triggers = NULL;
902 		}
903 
904 		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
905 		cp_transaction = jh->b_cp_transaction;
906 		if (cp_transaction) {
907 			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "remove from old cp transaction");
908 			cp_transaction->t_chp_stats.cs_dropped++;
909 			__jbd2_journal_remove_checkpoint(jh);
910 		}
911 
912 		/* Only re-checkpoint the buffer_head if it is marked
913 		 * dirty.  If the buffer was added to the BJ_Forget list
914 		 * by jbd2_journal_forget, it may no longer be dirty and
915 		 * there's no point in keeping a checkpoint record for
916 		 * it. */
917 
918 		/* A buffer which has been freed while still being
919 		 * journaled by a previous transaction may end up still
920 		 * being dirty here, but we want to avoid writing back
921 		 * that buffer in the future now that the last use has
922 		 * been committed.  That's not only a performance gain,
923 		 * it also stops aliasing problems if the buffer is left
924 		 * behind for writeback and gets reallocated for another
925 		 * use in a different page. */
926 		if (buffer_freed(bh)) {
927 			clear_buffer_freed(bh);
928 			clear_buffer_jbddirty(bh);
929 		}
930 
931 		if (buffer_jbddirty(bh)) {
932 			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "add to new checkpointing trans");
933 			__jbd2_journal_insert_checkpoint(jh, commit_transaction);
934 			if (is_journal_aborted(journal))
935 				clear_buffer_jbddirty(bh);
936 			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "refile for checkpoint writeback");
937 			__jbd2_journal_refile_buffer(jh);
938 			jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh);
939 		} else {
940 			J_ASSERT_BH(bh, !buffer_dirty(bh));
941 			/* The buffer on BJ_Forget list and not jbddirty means
942 			 * it has been freed by this transaction and hence it
943 			 * could not have been reallocated until this
944 			 * transaction has committed. *BUT* it could be
945 			 * reallocated once we have written all the data to
946 			 * disk and before we process the buffer on BJ_Forget
947 			 * list. */
948 			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "refile or unfile freed buffer");
949 			__jbd2_journal_refile_buffer(jh);
950 			if (!jh->b_transaction) {
951 				jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh);
952 				 /* needs a brelse */
953 				jbd2_journal_remove_journal_head(bh);
954 				release_buffer_page(bh);
955 			} else
956 				jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh);
957 		}
958 		cond_resched_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
959 	}
960 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
961 	/*
962 	 * This is a bit sleazy.  We use j_list_lock to protect transition
963 	 * of a transaction into T_FINISHED state and calling
964 	 * __jbd2_journal_drop_transaction(). Otherwise we could race with
965 	 * other checkpointing code processing the transaction...
966 	 */
967 	spin_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
968 	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
969 	/*
970 	 * Now recheck if some buffers did not get attached to the transaction
971 	 * while the lock was dropped...
972 	 */
973 	if (commit_transaction->t_forget) {
974 		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
975 		spin_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
976 		goto restart_loop;
977 	}
978 
979 	/* Done with this transaction! */
980 
981 	jbd_debug(3, "JBD: commit phase 7\n");
982 
983 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_state == T_COMMIT);
984 
985 	commit_transaction->t_start = jiffies;
986 	stats.u.run.rs_logging = jbd2_time_diff(stats.u.run.rs_logging,
987 						commit_transaction->t_start);
988 
989 	/*
990 	 * File the transaction for history
991 	 */
992 	stats.ts_type = JBD2_STATS_RUN;
993 	stats.ts_tid = commit_transaction->t_tid;
994 	stats.u.run.rs_handle_count = commit_transaction->t_handle_count;
995 	spin_lock(&journal->j_history_lock);
996 	memcpy(journal->j_history + journal->j_history_cur, &stats,
997 			sizeof(stats));
998 	if (++journal->j_history_cur == journal->j_history_max)
999 		journal->j_history_cur = 0;
1000 
1001 	/*
1002 	 * Calculate overall stats
1003 	 */
1004 	journal->j_stats.ts_tid++;
1005 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_wait += stats.u.run.rs_wait;
1006 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_running += stats.u.run.rs_running;
1007 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_locked += stats.u.run.rs_locked;
1008 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_flushing += stats.u.run.rs_flushing;
1009 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_logging += stats.u.run.rs_logging;
1010 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_handle_count += stats.u.run.rs_handle_count;
1011 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_blocks += stats.u.run.rs_blocks;
1012 	journal->j_stats.u.run.rs_blocks_logged += stats.u.run.rs_blocks_logged;
1013 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_history_lock);
1014 
1015 	commit_transaction->t_state = T_FINISHED;
1016 	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction == journal->j_committing_transaction);
1017 	journal->j_commit_sequence = commit_transaction->t_tid;
1018 	journal->j_committing_transaction = NULL;
1019 	commit_time = ktime_to_ns(ktime_sub(ktime_get(), start_time));
1020 
1021 	/*
1022 	 * weight the commit time higher than the average time so we don't
1023 	 * react too strongly to vast changes in the commit time
1024 	 */
1025 	if (likely(journal->j_average_commit_time))
1026 		journal->j_average_commit_time = (commit_time +
1027 				journal->j_average_commit_time*3) / 4;
1028 	else
1029 		journal->j_average_commit_time = commit_time;
1030 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
1031 
1032 	if (commit_transaction->t_checkpoint_list == NULL &&
1033 	    commit_transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list == NULL) {
1034 		__jbd2_journal_drop_transaction(journal, commit_transaction);
1035 		to_free = 1;
1036 	} else {
1037 		if (journal->j_checkpoint_transactions == NULL) {
1038 			journal->j_checkpoint_transactions = commit_transaction;
1039 			commit_transaction->t_cpnext = commit_transaction;
1040 			commit_transaction->t_cpprev = commit_transaction;
1041 		} else {
1042 			commit_transaction->t_cpnext =
1043 				journal->j_checkpoint_transactions;
1044 			commit_transaction->t_cpprev =
1045 				commit_transaction->t_cpnext->t_cpprev;
1046 			commit_transaction->t_cpnext->t_cpprev =
1047 				commit_transaction;
1048 			commit_transaction->t_cpprev->t_cpnext =
1049 				commit_transaction;
1050 		}
1051 	}
1052 	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
1053 
1054 	if (journal->j_commit_callback)
1055 		journal->j_commit_callback(journal, commit_transaction);
1056 
1057 	trace_mark(jbd2_end_commit, "dev %s transaction %d head %d",
1058 		   journal->j_devname, commit_transaction->t_tid,
1059 		   journal->j_tail_sequence);
1060 	jbd_debug(1, "JBD: commit %d complete, head %d\n",
1061 		  journal->j_commit_sequence, journal->j_tail_sequence);
1062 	if (to_free)
1063 		kfree(commit_transaction);
1064 
1065 	wake_up(&journal->j_wait_done_commit);
1066 }
1067